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(共40张PPT)
Unit 4 Our animal friends
初中英语沪教版七年级下册单词讲解
Vocabulary
dolphin / d lf n/ n. 海豚
hen /hen/ n. 母鸡
blind /bla nd/ adj. 瞎的；失明的
sir /s (r)/ n. 先生
allow / la / v. 允许进入（或出去、通过）
apologize / p l d a z/ v. 道歉
asleep / sli p/ adj. 睡着
smoke /sm k/ n. 烟
fireman / fa m n/ n. 消防队员
type /ta p/ n. 类型；种类
service / s v s/ n. 服务
disaster /d zɑ st (r)/ n. 灾难；灾害
Vocabulary
guest /ɡest/ n. 旅客；房客
team /ti m/ n. 组；班
transport /tr n sp t/ v. 运输；运送
guard /ɡɑ d/ v. 守卫；保卫
honey / h ni/ n. 蜂蜜
material /m t ri l/ n. 材料；原料
either / a (r)/ adv. 也
shark / ɑ k/ n. 鲨鱼
scared /ske d/ adj. 害怕；恐惧
grey /ɡre / adj. 灰色的
somewhere / s mwe (r)/ adv. 在某处；到某处
probably / pr b bli/ adv. 很可能；大概
Vocabulary
source /s s/ n. 来源；出处
sometime / s mta m/ adv. 在某时
extinct / k st kt/ adj. 已灭绝的；绝种的
effort / ef t/ n. 艰难的尝试；试图
— — — Unit 4 — — —
Words and expressions
dolphin
/ d lf n/
n. 海豚
词性
变换
- dolphins n. 海豚
短语
- a bottlenose dolphin 宽吻海豚
- swim with dolphins 和海豚一起游泳
例句
1. Dolphins are very friendly and smart animals.
海豚是非常友好又聪明的动物。
2. We watched dolphins jump in the sea at the zoo.
我们在动物园里看到海豚在海里跳跃。
hen
/hen/
n. 母鸡
词性
变换
- hens n. 母鸡
- rooster n. 公鸡；chick 小鸡
短语
- a mother hen 母鸡；护崽心切的妈妈
- lay eggs like a hen 像母鸡一样下蛋
例句
1. The hen has laid three eggs this week.
这只母鸡这周已经下了三个蛋。
2. There are some hens and chicks on my grandma's farm.
奶奶的农场里有一些母鸡和小鸡。
blind
/bla nd/
adj. 瞎的；失明的；盲目的
词性
变换
- blindness n. 失明；盲目
- blindly adv. 盲目地；无目的地
短语
- the blind 盲人（复数概念）
- be blind to 对……视而不见
- go blind 失明
例句
1. The guide dog helps the blind man cross the road.
导盲犬帮助盲人过马路。
2. Don't be blind to the dangers around you.
不要对身边的危险视而不见。
sir
/s (r)/
n. 先生
常用用法
- 对男士的礼貌称呼，相当于“先生”
- Yes, sir./No, sir. 常与 yes/no 搭配
例句
1. "Can I help you, sir " asked the shop assistant.
“先生，需要帮忙吗？”店员问道。
2. "Sir, your dinner is ready," said the waiter.
“先生，您的晚餐准备好了。”服务员说。
allow
/ la /
v. 允许进入（或出去、通过）；准许
词性
变换
- allows v. 允许
- allowed v. 允许
- allowance n. 津贴；允许
短语
- allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
- be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事
- allow in/out 允许进入/出去
例句
1. We are not allowed to run in the hallways.
我们不允许在走廊里奔跑。
2. The sign says "No pets allowed".
牌子上写着“禁止宠物入内”。
apologize
/ p l d a z/
v. 道歉；认错
词性
变换
- apologizes v. 道歉
- apologized v. 道歉
- apology n. 道歉；歉意
短语
- apologize to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉
- make an apology 道歉
例句
1. He apologized to his teacher for being late.
他因为迟到向老师道歉。
2. You should apologize to your friend for being rude.
你应该为你的无礼向朋友道歉。
asleep
/ sli p/
adj. 睡着的；入睡的
词性
变换
- sleep v. 睡觉；入睡
- sleeping adj. 睡着的（作定语）
- sleepy adj. 困倦的；想睡的
短语
- fall asleep 入睡；睡着
- fast asleep 熟睡；睡得很香
例句
1. The baby is fast asleep in her bed.
宝宝在床上睡得很香。
2. He fell asleep while watching TV.
他看着电视就睡着了。
smoke
/sm k/
n. 烟；烟雾
v. 吸烟；冒烟
词性
变换
- smoky adj. 烟雾弥漫的；多烟的
- smoker n. 吸烟者
短语
- cigarette smoke 香烟烟雾
- heavy smoke 浓烟
- no smoking 禁止吸烟
例句
1. Smoke from the fire filled the room.
房间里充满了火灾产生的烟雾。
2. Smoking is bad for your health.
吸烟有害健康。
fireman
/ fa m n/
n. 消防队员；消防员
词性
变换
- firemen n. 消防员
- firewoman n. 女消防员
短语
- a brave fireman 勇敢的消防员
- call the firemen 叫消防员
例句
1. The firemen saved the people from the burning building.
消防员们把人们从着火的大楼里救了出来。
2. My uncle is a fireman, and he is very brave.
我叔叔是一名消防员，他非常勇敢。
type
/ta p/
n. 类型；种类
v. 打字；输入
词性
变换
- typical adj. 典型的；特有的
- typist n. 打字员
短语
- different types of 不同类型的
- a type of ……的一种
- type in 输入
例句
1. What type of music do you like
你喜欢什么类型的音乐？
2. There are many types of animals in the zoo.
动物园里有很多种动物。
service
/ s v s/
n. 服务；接待；服役
词性
变换
- serve v. 服务；招待
- serviceable adj. 耐用的；可用的
短语
- customer service 客户服务
- good service 优质服务
- public service 公共服务
例句
1. The service in this hotel is very good.
这家酒店的服务非常好。
2. The restaurant offers fast food service.
这家餐厅提供快餐服务。
disaster
/d zɑ st (r)/
n. 灾难；灾害
词性
变换
- disastrous adj. 灾难性的；损失惨重的
短语
- natural disaster 自然灾害
- a terrible disaster 可怕的灾难
- disaster relief 救灾
例句
1. The earthquake was a terrible disaster.
这场地震是一场可怕的灾难。
2. Many people lost their homes in the natural disaster.
很多人在这场自然灾害中失去了家园。
guest
/ɡest/
n. 旅客；房客；客人
词性
变换
- guests n. 客人；房客
- guest v. 做客；客串
短语
- welcome guests 欢迎客人
- hotel guests 酒店客人
- dinner guest 晚宴客人
例句
1. We have some guests coming to dinner tonight.
今晚有客人来我们家吃饭。
2. The hotel can hold up to 200 guests.
这家酒店最多能容纳200名客人。
team
/ti m/
n. 组；班；团队
词性
变换
- team-based adj. 团队合作的
- teamwork n. 团队合作
短语
- a football team 足球队
- team work 团队合作
- team spirit 团队精神
例句
1. Our class team won the basketball game.
我们班的球队赢了篮球赛。
2. Teamwork is very important in this job.
团队合作在这份工作中非常重要。
transport
/tr n sp t/
v. 运输；运送 / tr nsp t/
n. 运输；交通工具
词性
变换
- transportation n. 运输；交通
- transportable adj. 可运输的
短语
- public transport 公共交通
- transport goods 运输货物
- transport by train 火车运输
例句
1. The goods are transported by truck to the market.
货物用卡车运到市场。
2. Public transport in the city is very convenient.
这座城市的公共交通非常方便。
guard
/ɡɑ d/
v. 守卫；保卫；看守
n. 守卫；卫兵
词性
变换
- guards v. 守卫；保卫
- guarded v. 守卫；保卫
- guarded adj. 谨慎的；有戒备的
短语
- guard against 防范；提防
- keep guard 站岗；放哨
- a security guard 保安
例句
1. The soldiers guarded the palace day and night.
士兵们日夜守卫着宫殿。
2. The dog guarded the house while the family was away.
主人不在家时，这只狗看守着房子。
honey
/ h ni/
n. 蜂蜜；甜蜜
adj. 蜂蜜似的；甜蜜的
词性
变换
- honeyed adj. 甜言蜜语的；悦耳的
短语
- a spoonful of honey 一勺蜂蜜
- honey bee 蜜蜂
- honey sweet 像蜜一样甜
例句
1. I like to put honey in my tea.
我喜欢在茶里加蜂蜜。
2. The honey from this farm tastes very good.
这个农场产的蜂蜜味道很好。
material
/m t ri l/
n. 材料；原料；资料
adj. 物质的；实际的
词性
变换
- materialistic adj. 物质主义的
短语
- raw materials 原材料
- building materials 建筑材料
- teaching materials 教学资料
例句
1. Wood is a common building material.
木头是一种常见的建筑材料。
2. We need some materials to make the model.
我们需要一些材料来做这个模型。
either
/ a (r)/
adv. 也（用于否定句）；
pron. 两者之一
短语
- either…or… 要么……要么……
- me neither 我也不
- not…either 也不
例句
1. I don't like coffee, and my sister doesn't either.
我不喜欢咖啡，我妹妹也不喜欢。
2. You can take either the blue or the red one.
你可以拿蓝色的或者红色的那个。
shark
/ ɑ k/
n. 鲨鱼
词性
变换
- sharks n. 鲨鱼
短语
- a great white shark 大白鲨
- shark fin 鱼翅
例句
1. Sharks live in the ocean and are good swimmers.
鲨鱼生活在海洋里，是游泳健将。
2. Some people hunt sharks for their fins.
有些人猎捕鲨鱼是为了鱼翅。
scared
/ske d/
adj. 害怕；恐惧的
词性
变换
- scare v. 使害怕；惊吓
- scary adj. 令人害怕的；吓人的
短语
- be scared of 害怕……
- scared to do sth. 不敢做某事
例句
1. The little girl is scared of dogs.
这个小女孩害怕狗。
2. I was scared when I heard the loud noise.
听到那声巨响，我吓坏了。
grey
/ɡre /
adj. 灰色的；灰白的
n. 灰色
词性
变换
- greyer adj. 更灰的
- greyest adj. 最灰的
短语
- grey hair 白发
- grey sky 灰蒙蒙的天空
- light grey 浅灰色
例句
1. The old man has grey hair.
这位老人头发花白。
2. It's a grey and cloudy day today.
今天是个阴天，灰蒙蒙的。
somewhere
/ s mwe (r)/
adv. 在某处；到某处
词性
变换
- somewhere pron. 某处
短语
- somewhere else 别的地方
- somewhere warm 温暖的地方
例句
1. My keys are somewhere in this room.
我的钥匙在这个房间的某个地方。
2. I want to go somewhere interesting for my holiday.
我想去个有趣的地方度假。
probably
/ pr b bli/
adv. 很可能；大概
词性
变换
- probable adj. 可能的；大概的
- probability n. 可能性；概率
短语
- probably right 很可能是对的
- will probably rain 很可能会下雨
例句
1. It will probably rain this afternoon.
今天下午很可能会下雨。
2. She is probably at home now.
她现在大概在家。
source
/s s/
n. 来源；出处；源头
词性
变换
- source v. 从……获得；寻找来源
短语
- a source of information 信息来源
- the source of the river 河流的源头
- energy sources 能源
例句
1. The sun is the main source of energy on Earth.
太阳是地球上的主要能源。
2. Where is the source of this story
这个故事的出处是哪里？
sometime
/ s mta m/
adv. 在某时；有朝一日
易混提醒
- sometime（某时）≠ sometimes（有时）≠ some time（一段时间）
短语
- sometime next week 下周的某个时候
- sometime in the future 将来的某个时候
例句
1. I will visit you sometime next month.
我下个月的某个时候会来看你。
2. Maybe we can go there together sometime.
也许我们哪天可以一起去那里。
extinct
/ k st kt/
adj. 已灭绝的；绝种的
词性
变换
- extinct v. 使灭绝；消灭
- extinction n. 灭绝；绝种
短语
- become extinct 灭绝
- extinct animals 已灭绝的动物
例句
1. Dinosaurs have been extinct for millions of years.
恐龙已经灭绝数百万年了。
2. Many animals are in danger of becoming extinct.
许多动物面临灭绝的危险。
effort
/ ef t/
n. 艰难的尝试；试图；努力
词性
变换
- effortless adj. 不费力的；轻松的
短语
- make an effort to do sth. 努力做某事
- spare no effort 不遗余力
- with effort 费力地
例句
1. She made a great effort to finish the project on time.
她为按时完成项目付出了巨大努力。
2. With a little effort, you can learn it well.
稍加努力，你就能把它学好。
— — — Unit 4 — — —
Exercises
一、根据句意及汉语或首字母提示完成单词
1. The friendly d_______ showed us amazing tricks in the aquarium.
2. The old man went _____ (瞎的) after the serious illness.
3. Our school doesn't _____ (允许) us to eat snacks in the classroom.
4. You should _________ (道歉) to your teacher for being late again.
5. Thick _____ (烟) came out of the broken window.
olphin
blind
allow
apologize
smoke
一、根据句意及汉语或首字母提示完成单词
6. Several brave _______ (消防队员) arrived at the fire scene quickly.
7. The earthquake was a terrible natural ________ (灾难).
8. Soldiers _____ (守卫) the border day and night to protect our country.
9. Dinosaurs have been _______ (已灭绝的) for millions of years.
10. She made a great ______ (努力) to pass the final exam.
firemen
disaster
guard
extinct
effort
二、用单词的适当形式填空
请根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. The school doesn't _____ (allow) students to bring mobile phones to class.
2. He __________ (apologize) to his classmate for breaking his pen yesterday.
3. Two _______ (fireman) rushed into the burning house to save the little girl.
4. There are many different _____ (type) of animals living in the rainforest.
5. The waiter ______ (service) us warmly when we entered the restaurant.
allow
apologized
firemen
types
served
二、用单词的适当形式填空
6. The fresh vegetables are ___________ (transport) from the countryside to the city every morning.
7. The dog _______ (guard) the house carefully while its owners were on holiday.
8. The __________ (extinct) of some animals is caused by human activities.
9. With his help, we finished the task in an __________ (effort) way.
10. The little boy was ______ (scared) when he saw the big shark in the aquarium.
transported
guarded
extinction
effortless
scared
三、选词填空
allow, somewhere, guard, service, probably
(请从方框中选择合适单词填入空格，每词限用一次)
1. The five-star hotel is well-known for its excellent _______.
2. Parents should _______ their children to try new things bravely.
3. The loyal dog will _______ the house while the family is away.
4. I want to go ___________ warm to spend my winter holiday.
5. It will ________ rain this afternoon, so you'd better take an umbrella.
service
allow
guard
somewhere
probably
See You!

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