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(共28张PPT)
Unit 7
Charities
Grammar
能掌握被动语态的用法及被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时的各种句式结构；
能掌握主动语态和被动语态的句式转换。
学习目标
Lead in
Read the text below and pay attention to the use of the passive voice, then summarise the usage.
A young boy was blinded in a car accident in January this year. Two months later, he was cured by Orbis doctors. In addition to helping patients directly, Orbis does many other things. For example, local doctors and nurses are trained by Orbis so that they can better help patients. With the help of Orbis and its volunteers, the lives of many patients with eye problems all over the world are improved.
新课讲授
Read and summarise
Summary
语态是动词的一种形式，表示的是主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种：主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)。
语态
当主语是谓语的执行者时，用主动语态。当主语是谓语的承受者时，用被动语态。
e.g. Volunteer doctors do operations on the plane.
志愿医生在飞机上做手术。
Operations are done by volunteer doctors on the plane.
手术由志愿医生在飞机上实施。
1. 动作的执行者是泛指或者不言自明时；
被动语态的用法
e.g. Courses in traditional Chinese culture are taught in many schools.
在很多学校，(老师)会教授有关中国传统文化的课程。
2. 在不知道或不需要知道动作的执行者是谁时；
e.g. The toy is designed for children.
这款玩具是为孩子们设计的。
3. 需要强调动作的承受者时；
e.g. The construction of the Grand Canal was started in the Spring and Autumn Period. 大运河始凿于春秋时期。
4. 出于委婉或礼貌而避谈动作的执行者时。
e.g. This problem was discussed just now.
这个问题刚才(被) 讨论过。
在被动语态的句子中，如果我们需要指出动作的执行者，可以由by引出。
e.g. Mr Wu is liked by all of his students. 所有的学生都喜欢吴老师。
注意：1. 有些动词常用被动语态。
e.g. He was born in Nanjing. 他生于南京。
This mobile phone was made in China. 这部手机是中国制造的、
2. 有些动词，如系动词smell、taste、sound、feel等，其主动语态形式含有被动意义。
e.g. The dish smells good. 这道菜闻起来很香。
The music sounds nice. 这音乐听起来不错。
3. 还有一些不及物动词，如read、write、draw、sell、wash、cook、clean等，常用主动语态，和well, easily等副词连用，含有被动含义。
e.g. The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写起来很顺滑。
The Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature sell well both at home and abroad. 中国文学中的四大名著在国内外都很畅销。
被动语态的结构
被动语态由“be动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成。be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。
一般现在时 am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词
一般过去时 was/were+及物动词的过去分词
e.g. Sunglasses are used to protect people’s eyes.
太阳镜被用来保护人们的眼睛。
The house was built in 1940. 这栋房子建于1940年。
一般现在时的被动语态
肯定句：主语+am/is/are+过去分词(+其他).
e.g. I am supported.
否定句：主语+am/is/are+not+过去分词(+其他).　
e.g. I am not supported.
一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+过去分词(+其他)
e.g. Are you supported.
特殊疑问句：疑问词＋am/is/are+主语+过去分词(+其他)
e.g. Why are you supported
一般过去时的被动语态
肯定句：主语+was/were+过去分词(+其他).
e.g. I was supported.
否定句：主语+was/were+not+过去分词(+其他).　
e.g. I was not supported.
一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+过去分词(+其他)
e.g. Were you supported.
特殊疑问句：疑问词＋was/were+主语+过去分词(+其他)
e.g. Why were you supported
主动语态与被动语态的句式转化
第一步：主宾互换。
第二步：谓语动词变为“be+过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态。
第三步： “be+过去分词” + by +原主语。
（有时by+原主语可省）
第四步：时间、地点状语等保持一致。
主变被四步曲
主动语态 主语(主格) She 谓语(主动式) helped 宾语(宾格)
me.
被动语态 原宾语(改为主格) I 谓语(被动式) was helped by 原主语(改为宾格)
her.
主动语态 主语(主格) He 谓语(主动式) passed 间宾(宾格) me 直宾
a book
被动语态 原直宾 A book 谓语(被动式) was passed to 原间宾(宾格) me by 原主语
(改为宾格)
him.
原间宾 (改为主格) I 谓语(被动式) was passed 原直宾 a book by 原主语
(改为宾格)
him.
主动语态 主语(主格) She 谓语(主动式) made 宾语(宾格) him 不带to的不定式
retell the story.
被动语态 原宾语 (改为主格) He 谓语(被动式) was made 带to的不定式 to retell the story by 原主语(改为宾格)
her.
在感官动词和使役动词的主动语态句式中，动词不定式的to常省去，但是在被动语态中要加上to。
We form the passive voice in the simple present tense in this way: is/am/are + the _______________ (simple present tense, past participle) of the verb.
We form the passive voice in the simple past tense in this way: was/were + the _________________ (simple past tense, past participle) of the verb.
past participle
past participle
Practice
The Class 1, Grade 8 students are talking about different things they can do for those in need. Look at the pictures and help them complete their notes with the words in brackets using the passive voice. Add the word by when necessary.
1. Charity activities _____________________________________ (plan/to help the poor).
2. Leaflets ____________________________________________ (hand out/to people in the street/volunteers).
3. Old toys and books ___________________________________ (sell/to raise money).
are planned to help the poor
are handed out to people in the street by volunteers
are sold to raise money
What they do every year
What they did last week
4. New books ________________________________________ (send/to children in need/the Class 1, Grade 8 students).
6. A charity show _____________________________________ (hold/in the school hall).
5. Warm clothes ______________________________________ (collect/for children in disaster areas).
were sent to children in need by Class 1, Grade 8 students
were collected for children in disaster areas
was held in the school hall
Do you know that there are thousands of international charities around the world Every year, lots of money (1) _______________________ (raise/ different charities). The money (2) _______________ (use) to help people in need.
Mr Wu is telling the Class 1, Grade 8 students about what international charities do to plete what he says with the words in brackets using the passive voice. Add the word by when necessary.
is raised by different charities
is used
Save the Children is one of these charities. It (3) _______________ (found) in 1919 and aims to help build a better future for all children. Every year, a lot of children’s lives (4) _______________ (improve) thanks to this charity. Last year, millions of children (5) _____________________________________ (help/the education programmes) from Save the Children. In addition, many people (6) _______________________ (train/the charity) to become teachers.
But it’s not just people who are in need of help and support. Some other charities (7) _____________ (create) for different reasons, such as protecting the environment and animals. For example, the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) works hard to protect the natural world for the benefit of people and wildlife.
was founded
are improved
were helped by the education programmes
were trained by the charity
are created
Amy: I’ve just looked online at some different international charities. They’re all fantastic.
Daniel: Oh really What charities did you find
Amy: I found a charity called Oxfam.
Daniel: What kind of work (1) __________________ this charity
Amy: It (2) ___________ in 1942 with the aim of helping poor children and families around the world. It also makes great efforts to make sure families (3) ___________ with clean water and hungry children (4) __________.
is carried out by
was founded
are provided
are fed
Amy and Daniel are talking about an international charity. Complete their conversation with the words in the box using the passive voice. Add the word “by” when necessary.
carry out do feed found help provide support write
Daniel: That’s amazing!
Amy: Yes. I read an article yesterday. It (5) ______________ a volunteer from Oxfam. It said that millions of children (6) ______________ the charity’s health programmes around the world. And these programmes (7) _________________ many volunteers.
Daniel: Wow! It sounds like a lot of amazing work (8) ______________ the volunteers.
was written by
were helped by
were supported by
is done by
carry out do feed found help provide support write
Write a short text about a charity activity at your school using the passive voice.
Example:
Last week, a charity concert was held in our school hall. Many famous songs were sung by the school choir. Tickets for the concert were sold by the volunteers, and a large amount of money was raised. The money was donated to help children in poor areas get a better education.
1. —The trees in the photo look so wonderful. Where_____ the photo _____
—In my hometown. It is a place with natural beauty.
A. did; take B. does; take C. was; taken D. are; taken
2. The students how to do the experiment inclass yesterday.
A. were taught B. Taught C. was taught D. Teach
3. With the development of China, Chinese by more and more people in the world.
A. speaks B. speak C. is spoken D. is speaking
4. These kinds of pens . They quickly in all the shops.
A. are written well; are sold out B. write well; are sold out
C. are written well; sell out D. write well; sell out
5. —Did you go to Jack's birthday party —No, I_____.
A. am not invited B. wasn't invited
C. haven't invited D. didn't invite
当堂检测
一、单项选择。
二、将下列主动语态改成被动语态。
(1) People founded the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) in 1961.
______________________________________________________________
(2) People called it the “World Wildlife Fund” in the past.
______________________________________________________________
(3) The WWF uses a panda as its logo.
______________________________________________________________
(4) Scientists do a lot of research to help pandas produce more babies. ______________________________________________________________
The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) was founded in 1961.
It was called the “World Wildlife Fund” in the past.
A panda is used as the WWF’s logo.
A lot of research is done by scientists to help pandas produce more babies.
(5) Last year, the government set up several nature parks to protect pandas in the wild. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(6) We need more efforts to protect tigers and elephants.
_______________________________________________________________
(7) The WWF asks us to help protect nature for all life on Earth, including human life. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(8) We teach people about things that threaten the animal world.
_______________________________________________________________
Last year, several nature parks were set up by the government to protect pandas in the wild.
More efforts are needed to protect tigers and elephants
We are asked by the WWF to help protect nature for all life on Earth, including human life.
People are taught about things that threaten the animal world.
Homework
Review the grammar we learnt today.
Preview Unit 7 Integration.

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