资源简介

(共71张PPT)
UNIT 2　Lessons in life
(单元主题语境：人与自我——人生智慧)
Section Ⅳ　Writing
1.写作词汇再现
①progressively逐步地
②eventually最终
③guarantee保证
④change改变
⑤contribute贡献
⑥gain获得
⑦associate联系
⑧reflect反映；表明
⑨account for （数量或比例上）占；解释；说明
⑩focus on专注于
2．精彩句式再练
单句填空/完成句子
①Willing to help others，my mother devoted herself her career which she had pursued for a long time.
②故事从一对父子之间的对话开始。
The story between a son and his father.
to
begins with a dialogue
③这部戏剧讲的是两个孩子寻找象征幸福的青鸟的故事。
The play tells a story of two children .
④作者给我们讲了一个关于仙境的故事。
The author .
⑤她年轻漂亮，但内心并不像外表那么好。
She is young and beautiful but she .
searching for the Blue Bird of Happiness
tells us a tale about the Wonderland
is not as good as she appears
⑥这些人是贪婪的，渴望得到一切。
These people .
⑦作者想告诉我们，我们应该充分利用每一天，充分地享受生活。
The author intends to tell us and live life to the full.
are greedy and desperate to get all
that we should make the most of every day
Ⅰ 概要写作
写作指导
概要写作要求根据原文写出内容一致、结构近似、语言简洁的短文。应注意准确理解原文，抓住重点，综合概括文本内容。
写作时要先读懂原文，把握文章主旨大意和作者观点；抓关键词，筛选与主旨有关的主要信息。然后，借助已掌握的语言知识，对原文进行“浓缩”，写出一篇新文章；在文章结构、语义衔接和连贯等方面要与原文保持一致，既要做到简明扼要，又要保证意义完整、结构严密、语句通顺。
可以按照以下五个步骤来进行概要写作：
1.通读全文，判断体裁
通读全文，把握文章的主旨、结构和行文逻辑，判断文章的体裁，为概要写作奠定基础。
2.查找信息，分清主次
从文章中抽取主干，找到关键信息，剔除次要信息，可以在重点词句下做出标记。
3.概括大意，提炼内容
在理解全文内容，弄清主次关系之后，初步写出每段的段落大意。要忠于原文，既不能遗漏原文的任何要点，也不能随意添加原文没有的内容。
4.获取要点，灵活表达
为了使概要简明扼要，要对段落大意进行整合；同时灵活采用同义词或近义词替换原文信息并用不同的句式进行转换，可适当使用衔接词，使表达连贯通顺。
5.检查修改，整理誊写
写完初稿后，需要对内容、语言及上下文的连贯性进行检查；另外，还要注意词数限制和书写规范。
[注意事项]
1.概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文。
2.安排好篇幅的比例。概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。计算词数，要符合规定的词数要求。
3.注意要点之间的衔接。要用适当的关联词语贯通全文。
4.尽量使用短句，慎用长难句。多使用概括性词语，少用具体描述性词语。
典例展示
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
For many parents，making sure their children get the right amount of sleep can be stressful.This is especially true during high-pressure times such as exams when students tend to study all night for the next day.Unfortunately，it is often counterproductive（适得其反的） because with fewer hours to sleep，the teen brain doesn’t get enough time to lay down what they’ve studied the night before.
In her groundbreaking book The Teenage Brain，neuroscientist Dr.Frances Jensen explains that bedtime isn’t simply a way for the body to relax and recover after working，studying or playing a hard day.It is the glue that allows us not only to recollect our experiences but also to remember everything we’ve learned that day.Basically the more we learn，the more we need to sleep，which is why a good sleep is of great importance in achieving success at school.
Then how much sleep do teenagers need？There is no magic number for exactly how much sleep teenagers need，but the Austrian Centre for Education in Sleep（ACES） suggests 8 to 10 hours per day for high school adolescents.What happens if they don’t get enough sleep？According to ACES，poor sleep will have all sorts of negative effects on teenagers，including rise in blood pressure，mood swings and impatient behaviours.Without adequate sleep the focus and attention drifts making it harder to receive information.The brain can no longer function to deal with information properly and access previously learned information.
So，how can parents help？If you think your child needs more sleep，try making gradual changes to their sleeping habits.Small increases have been shown to be effective in changing sleep patterns.And remember your children are going through a period of their lives when their brains and bodies are going through a lot of changes.Not only is your job to help make changes，it’s also to ride the wave with them.It may not be easy，but they will thank you for it eventually.
[审题要素]
题目要求根据给出的短文写一篇60词左右的内容概要。本文是一篇说明文，主题语境为健康的生活方式。写作时要用一般现在时，人称为第三人称。
[要点提取]
1.第一段：如今父母发现他们孩子的睡眠时间不足，这影响了孩子们的学习效率。
2.第二段：要提高学习效率就要保证孩子们的睡眠，因为高效学习需要更多的睡眠时间。
3.第三段：专家建议青少年每天要睡8至10小时，这样才能避免睡眠不足的不良影响。
4.第四段：父母有责任帮助孩子们克服困难，改变他们的睡眠习惯。
[改写成文]
1.运用同义转换、句子重构等方法合并改写各个要点，形成全文概要。
2.使用适当的关联词。
　　Nowadays parents find it hard for their children to get adequate sleep despite its necessity for efficient learning.（要点1） Generally，more learning requires more sleep to guarantee learning success.（要点2） Experts suggest teenagers sleep 8 to 10 hours a day so as not to be negatively influenced.（要点3） Therefore，parents can help children change their sleep patterns progressively through the hard time together.（要点4）
实战演练
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Scientists say a huge percentage of bird species are in danger because their habitats，or homelands，are disappearing.Traditional migration paths take birds through countries that are not protecting locations to stop，rest and feed.The scientists studied the migration or flight paths of almost 1，500 species.They decided that 91 percent of them passed through dangerous areas.
The major danger for migratory birds is development.Buildings and pavements have covered the places where birds stop and feed as they move from one part of the world to another.For example，a bird called the bar-tailed godwit migrates from its breeding grounds in the Arctic.It flies all the way to the southern hemisphere in Australia and New Zealand.Along the way，the small birds stop at Yellow Sea mudflats in China and Republic of Korea.
One of the scientists working on the study says，“Many of these critical sites have been lost to land reclamation（开垦） owing to urban，industrial and agricultural expansion.” The problem，according to investigators，is that many of these small birds die along their migration because they don’t have a safe place to eat and rest.There is no place to restore their energy for the next leg of their journey.“They simply perish（死亡） along the way，” says one of the scientists.Countries in North Africa，Central Asia and those along the coasts of East Asia are having the most difficult time conserving land.The scientists say these countries do not have enough areas that are safe for birds.
The researchers say countries need to work together and provide safe stopover areas for birds that pass through their boundaries.For example，one country might have preserved safe zones for migrating birds.But a neighbour country might not.A bird might perish.One scientist tells the Los Angeles Times that while some habitats are changing，more work can be done to make urban areas safe for birds.He says small changes—like planting more native plants or keeping cats out of areas birds would be likely to use—could make a big difference.
[参考范文]
Scientists say a large percentage of bird species are endangered due to the disappearance of their habitats or homelands，（要点1） for which development is to blame.（要点2） Also，investigators add that the lack of a safe eating or resting place also accounts for the death of birds during their migration.（要点3） Thus，countries should make joint efforts to save the birds，and a little kindness can contribute a lot.（要点4）
Ⅱ 读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I felt so nervous.It was the day of my interview.I woke up early just to make sure I would have time to get prepared.It felt like a normal Monday，but for me，this day was very important.There was a lot of pressure.
After showering，I put on the outfit I had carefully chosen and laid out the night before.I looked at my reflection in the mirror.“You can do this，” I encouraged myself.I ate breakfast and fed my cat.I made my way to the bus stop and waited patiently.Aside from the rapid tapping of my right foot，no one could tell that I was so nervous.
When I arrived at my stop，I walked to the office.The building was so tall and I felt small in its shadow.But I also felt hopeful.This will be a great opportunity，I thought.And what is there to lose？Looking down at my watch，I noticed that I was early.This allowed plenty of time to review my resume（简历） and further prepare myself for the interview.
The doors of the building were impressive，all steel and glass and very modern.
When I walked in，someone showed me the waiting area and offered me a cup of coffee.After a few moments，a man in a nice suit told me to join him.As we walked toward the elevators，I began to feel anxious.The palms of my hands began to sweat.It seemed like an hour had passed before I heard the “ding” of the elevator opening.
We got into the elevator，full of men and women dressed to the nines.
“It’s quite a large office，” the man said to me.I chuckled nervously.I could feel myself getting warmer.I couldn’t wait to hear that comforting “ding” that signalled an escape.
As the elevator climbed，I again nervously checked my watch.Just as I looked down，it happened.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右﹔
2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
The elevator came to a stop between floors.
I thought that this must be the worst interview ever.
[巧读文]
1．读要素
Who：I；a man
Where：on the elevator
When：the day of my interview—a Monday
What：The story describes the author’s preparation work the night before the interview and the nervousness before the formal interview.After the author entered the elevator，something unexpected happened.
2．读双线(情节线、情感线)
情节线：
It was the day of my interview. I woke up early ...There was a lot of pressure.
↓
When I arrived at my stop， I walked to the office.
↓
When I walked in， someone showed me the waiting area and offered me
a cup of coffee.
↓
As the elevator climbed， I again nervously checked my watch.
情感线：
nervous → hopeful → anxious → nervous
[妙构思]
1．读首句，定方向
第一段：由续写第一段首句“The elevator came to a stop between floors.”可推知，第一段可描写作者在电梯突然停止运行之后所做的自救行为。由续写第二段首句“I thought that this must be the worst interview ever.”可知，第一段结束的时候要提到作者在电梯中的表现、心情等以及面试时的尴尬处境。
第二段：由续写第二段首句“I thought that this must be the worst interview ever.”并结合上文提到的细节可推知，该段可描写作者因为在电梯里的表现而通过了面试。
2．巧设问，定细节
第一段：
(1)How did the author feel at first？
(2)What did the author do at once？
(3)What was the result in the end？
Nervous.
The author pressed the emergency button.
The author waited anxiously.
第二段：
(1)What did the author think？
(2)What did the author get at last？
(3)How did the author feel at last？
The author would be late for the interview.
The author passed the interview.
In surprise.
[雕句式]
根据提示升级下列句子
1.I immediately realized that it was better not to just stand but to act.
→I immediately realized that .（be better than）
2.The door opened，and I prepared to run to the office.
→ ，I prepared to run to the office.（as soon as）
3.I turned around and saw that the man was smiling at me.
→I turned around and .（see sb.doing）
it was better to act than to just stand
As soon as the door opened
saw the man smiling at me
[成美文]
The elevator came to a stop between floors.
I thought that this must be the worst interview ever.
[参考范文]
The elevator came to a stop between floors.My nervousness turned into fear at once.But I immediately realized that it was better to act than to just stand.First，I pressed the emergency button.Then I asked people to lean their backs against the wall of the elevator and adjust their breathing.But suddenly，a man jumped up and down irritably.“What a terrible elevator！” he said angrily.I rushed to stop him.“Please stop！It could be very dangerous.We should calm down and wait for help！” Fortunately，everyone calmed down then.We just waited and waited.I felt anxious and checked my watch.
I thought that this must be the worst interview ever.Obviously，I would be late，and I thought that the interviewers couldn’t be in a good mood.Finally，the rescuers arrived，and as soon as the door opened，I prepared to run to the office.But all of a sudden，a hand rested on my shoulder.I turned around and saw the man smiling at me.“Don’t worry，young man.You’ve done a good job.Congratulations on passing the interview.”I chuckled in surprise.
第一节
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Why does the woman want a Chinese name？
A.She will work in China.
B.She is taking a Chinese class.
C.She has made some Chinese friends.
2.What should the man do according to the woman？
A.Cook his own meals.
B.Take some exercise.
C.Eat more salty foods.
3.What is the woman doing？
A.Asking for help.
B.Giving suggestions.
C.Organizing a summer camp.
4.What does Sarah plan to do after graduation？
A.Do volunteer work.
B.Pursue a higher degree.
C.Run the family business.
5.What are the speakers talking about？
A.Their hobbies and passions.
B.Their ways of making friends.
C.Their reasons for volunteering.
第二节
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.What does the man want to do？
A.Organize a camp trip.
B.Attend a special class.
C.Sleep under the night sky.
7.What will the woman probably do next？
A.Sign the letter.　　B.Buy a sleeping bag.
C.Pay for an activity.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8.Why does the woman feel grateful to the man？　
A.He offered her a job.
B.He found a house for her.
C.He helped her move house.
9.Where are the speakers living now？
A.In Chicago. B.In Birmingham.
C.In Houston.
10.What does the woman offer to do for the man？　
A.Cut his hair. B.Lend him some money.
C.Drive him to the barber’s.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11.What did Mike do last year？
A.He set up a school.
B.He built a website.
C.He made a TV programme.
12.What did Lisa think of her first days of secondary school？
A.Challenging. B.Cool.
C.Cheerful.
13.Why did the program give a prize to the young heroes？
A.To find more heroes.
B.To attract more viewers.
C.To inspire people to help others.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14.How long will the course run this year？
A.Eight weeks. B.Seven weeks.
C.Six weeks.
15.What was the woman surprised at？
A.The lack of assistants.
B.The weather condition.
C.The number of children.
16.What new activities can the children have this year？
A.Adventure sports. B.Fun programmes.
C.Creative classes.
17.What is expected about the course this year？
A.It will run better. B.It will last longer.
C.It will start earlier.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18.How did the speaker’s grandfather die？
A.Due to a disease.
B.During a charity event.
C.Because of a plane crash.
19.Why did the speaker decide to skydive？
A.To help some patients.
B.To have fun with friends.
C.To overcome a fear of heights.
20.What does the speaker think was the best aspect about the skydive？
A.Falling from 2，000 meters.
B.Hearing people’s experience with Alzheimer’s.
C.Raising a large amount of money.
第一节
1.W：Brad， I’ve got this list of Chinese names here.Could you help me pick one？
M：So you are serious about having a Chinese name for your job in China？
W：Yes， two of my friends in the team have already got theirs.
2.W：You should avoid eating many salty and oily foods.You must take your health into consideration now.
M：I don’t want to eat as many vegetables and fruits as you do every day.
W：It’s necessary for you to make changes.Doing exercise is also a good way to keep fit.
3.M：Hi， could you give me some advice？ My son and his friend plan to go on vacation by themselves this summer.
W：Sure.The first thing you should do is to decide what kind of vacation they would like.Why don’t you have a quick look at our special offers？
4.M：Have you talked over your future plan with your parents， Sarah？
W：Well， my parents would like me to do my master’s after graduation，but I’m thinking of volunteering as a social worker for a year.
M：Good for you.
5.W：Do you have any good ways to make friends？
M：I usually search for like-minded people online by checking out hashtags that I find interesting or related to my hobbies and passions.What about you？
W：I usually do volunteer work or join some social activities to meet new people.
答案：1.A　2.B　3.B　4.A　5.B
第二节
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
M：Our class is having a special sleepover at school tomorrow.Can I go？
W：A sleepover？ What’s that for？
M：⑥It’s for science class.We’re going to observe the night sky.
W：That sounds interesting.
M：Yeah.We’re going to have a campfire and everything！
W：Will you be sleeping outside？
M：No， in the dining hall.The school will prepare sleeping bags for us.
W：Do we need to pay anything for this activity？
M：No，⑦parents just need to sign the permission letter.
W：⑦OK， give it to me then.
答案：6.B　7.A
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
M：Cynthia， would you mind helping me out again？ I’m so sorry to bother you so often.
W：Of course not.It’ll be a pleasure.⑧And you helped me rent this place， so I always want to do something to thank you.？
M：Don’t mention it.At that time， my uncle was leaving for Chicago，⑧and I just recommended the house to you.It’s his house and it was his decision.⑨I didn’t expect I’d work in Houston and end up living with you.
W：You’ve been most kind.So what can I do to help you？
M：Ah， yes.As you can see， I badly need a haircut， but I’m new here and I don’t know any barbershops.
W：There are no barbershops around here.The nearest one might be about a 15-minute car ride away.Besides， even the simplest cut will cost you about 30 dollars.⑩If you just want something simple， I can do it for you.I used to cut my little brother’s hair when I lived at home in Birmingham.
M：⑩Wow， it sounds like I can save some money.Okay， please help me.
答案：8.B　9.C　10.A
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
W：Did you watch Young Heroes on TV last night？
M：Why is it called Young Heroes？
W：Because it gives a prize to three inspiring young heroes.
M：Who are they？ What did they do？
W：Well， the first hero was Mike.He started helping a charity when he was nine.
M：Cool！
W：He’s a really funny person. Last year he made a TV programme which made everyone laugh and they gave more money to the charity.
M：Who else won the prize？
W：Then there was Lisa. When she first started the secondary school， she was very quiet and she had a difficult time.
M：So what did she do？
W：She made a website for other students who felt the same.She finds friends for them.
M：What a kind person！ Who was the third hero？
W：That was Alan.When he was younger， he was very ill and he nearly died.
M：Is he okay now？
W：Yes， he spent several years in hospital.He’s better now but he still has difficulty in walking.The amazing thing is that he’s always cheerful and very brave！ In his free time he raises money for the hospital.
M: All heroes inspire us to help， actually.
答案：11.C　12.A　13.C
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
M：Hello， everyone.We are lucky to have Molly Taylor here today.Molly is organizing an activity course for the summer holidays.Molly， this is the second year of the course， isn’t it？
W：Yes. The summer course operated for the first time last year for a six-week period.We did think about making it longer this year and have a seven-week course， as there’re some schools which finish the term a week earlier. But in the end we decided to keep to the same plan as last year.
M：But， as I understand， last year’s course wasn’t a complete success， was it？
W: Well， we were actually very surprised by the number of people interested in the course.We didn’t actually have enough assistants to look after all the children.Besides， there was such a lot of rain that we couldn’t go outside as often as we wanted to.
M：So， what activities can the children look forward to this year？
W：Well， once again there’ll be artists and musicians who will lead creative classes.We also considered providing some more exciting adventure sports.But we decided not to， in the end. Instead we’re introducing some fun programmes. I think our course will be good fun for the children.
答案：14.C　15.C　16.B　17.A
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
M：If you’d told me a year ago that I’d be jumping out of a plane， I’d have laughed.I hated heights.It’s not the kind of thing I enjoy doing with friends! But something changed after my grandpa passed away from Alzheimers. I wanted to do something meaningful that could help others affected by the same disease.So， I signed up for a charity skydive.I’d never even done a bake sale before！ We watched a safety video and we jumped from 4，000 meters.The free fall lasted for about 50 seconds， and we dropped at 200 kilometers per hour.I worked out that meant I fell roughly
2700 meters before the parachute （降落伞） opened.It was peaceful.You’d expect panic， but instead I felt calm.Everything looked so small， and yet I felt part of something huge.The great part？ We raised ￡8，452—the highest amount anyone in our area has ever raised for Alzheimer’s. But even better than the total was hearing people talk about their experience with this illness.So many had been through the same as my grandpa.I still don’t love heights， so I haven’t overcome that fear.But I’ve learned that sometimes， doing something scary opens doors—and hearts.
答案：18.A　19.A　20.B
【语音技巧】
地点题
1.地点题可分为确认地点与猜测地点两类。
（1）确认地点：一般指谈话中会出现多个地点或方向指示，要求考生从选项之中挑选（原文中必会提到该地点，这时应注意听清介词后的场所）；
（2）猜测地点：关键是要抓住对话中的关联词语（虽然有些词语并未明确表示事件发生的地点，但是暗示了事件发生的地点或说话的地点）；
（3）熟悉与某些特定场所相关的单词和短语，尤其与school、library、restaurant、hospital、hotel、store、supermarket、station、home、office、bank等多种场所相关的词汇与短语。
2.设问方式：Where...？Which place...？等。

展开更多......

收起↑