资源简介

(共22张PPT)
UNIT 4　Everyday economics
(单元主题语境：人与社会——日常经济学)
Section Ⅱ　Using language
定语从句
[观察]
用恰当的关系词补全句子并体会其功能
1.This is a place roses grow wild.
2.Zhang therefore decided to return to her home town and grow roses， . surprised many people.
3. people say，“It takes a village to raise a child.”
where
which
As
4.The biggest challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for me， was totally outside my experience.
5.As someone grew up in the country，Zhang already knew about growing plants.
which
who
定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，不能省略。非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，只是对其作一些附加说明，可以省略。
下面针对定语从句中比较容易忽略或混淆的地方进行归纳。
一、定语从句中的主谓一致
[感知]
1.（2024·新课标 Ⅰ 卷）No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
没有哪个编辑会容忍一个不愿花心思把单词拼写正确的作家。
2.（2024·新课标 Ⅰ 卷）That day，I got passed by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads.
那天，我被大约100名习惯走这种路的“当地”骑车者超过。
莱坞制作的电影。
3.The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitors.
长城是世界著名的建筑之一，吸引了很多游客。
4.Titanic is the only one of the wonderful movies that was produced in Hollywood.
在这些精彩的电影中，《泰坦尼克号》是唯一一部由好
[归纳]
1.如果关系代词在定语从句中作主语，谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
2.在“one of+复数名词+定语从句”结构中，定语从句的先行词是复数名词时，定语从句中的谓语动词的数与复数名词一致，用复数形式。但在“the only/very one of+复数名词+定语从句”中，定语从句的先行词是the only/very one，定语从句中的谓语动词通常用单数形式。
二、who、 whom、 that的区别
[感知]
1.I don’t know the man who/that asks to attend the party.
我不认识那个要求参加聚会的人。
2.First came Mary， whom few of us had expected.
第一个到的是玛丽，这出乎我们大多数人的意料。
3.Many young people，most of whom were well-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
很多年轻人都到偏远地区去追逐自己的梦想，他们中的大多数都受过良好的教育。
4.Anyone who didn’t come must be punished.
没有来的人必须受到惩罚。
5.There is a person who wants to see you.
有个人要见你。
6.The student that won first prize is the monitor who works hard.
获得一等奖的学生是学习非常努力的班长。
7.Mike was the only one in the office who was invited to the hall.
迈克是办公室里唯一被邀请去大厅的人。
8.He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.
不犯错误者一事无成。
[归纳]
1.who在其引导的定语从句中作主语或者宾语，whom在其引导的定语从句中只能作宾语。
2.定语从句中的关系代词只能用whom而不能用who的一种常见情况：“介词+关系代词”结构中，只可以用whom，不能用who。
3.定语从句中的关系代词用who而不用that的情况常见的有如下几种：
（1）当先行词是不定代词one、ones、anyone、all、those等指人时，关系词用who。
（2）在there be 结构中，主语是人，关系词只能用who。
（3）当定语从句中又有定语从句，且先行词都为人时，第二个定语从句的关系词用who。
（4）间隔性定语从句（先行词指人并有较长的后置定语）的关系词只能用who。
（5）当先行词为人称代词时，关系词用who。
（6）在非限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时，关系词只能用who，不用that。
三、as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
[感知]
1.As is mentioned above，English is very easy to learn.
正如上面所提及的，英语很容易学。
2.We jumped for joy at the news， as was natural.
我们听到这个消息时高兴地跳了起来，这是很自然的事情。
3.She has been absent again， as is expected.
她又缺席了，这是预料中的事。
4.Tom has made rapid progress in English， which makes his parents very happy.
汤姆的英语进步很快，这让他的父母很高兴。
5.This book， which appeared a year ago，has already gone through several editions.
这本书是一年前出版的，现在已经印了好几版了。
[归纳]
单词 as which
位置 句首、句中、句末 句中、句末
意义 表示“正如，正像” 表示“这（件事）”，指代整个句子，也可以指代某物或某件事
①as引导的非限制性定语从句中的谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see、expect、hope、guess、know等；而which引导的非限制性定语从句中的谓语动词则没有这样的特点。
②当as在其引导的非限制性定语从句中作主语时，后面的谓语动词常为被动语态，如be known、be said、be expected、be reported等；如果定语从句的谓语动词是主动语态，常用which。
四、关系代词的省略
[感知]
1.Can you tell me the name of the factory you visited last week？
你能告诉我你上周参观的工厂的名字吗？
2.Is this the reason he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？
这就是他在会上解释的他在工作中粗心大意的原因吗？
3.There will be a true global village in which telephones，computers and televisions interact.
未来将会出现一个电话、电脑、电视互动的真正的地球村。
[归纳]
1.当关系代词在定语从句中作动词的宾语时，关系代词通常可以省略。
2.但是，在“介词+关系代词”结构中，即使关系代词作介词的宾语，也不能省略。
[即练]
单句填空/完成句子
1.With shining dark eyes，he seems like the kind of kid would enjoy public speaking.
2.She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied，all of were from Sweden.
3.Do you want to buy the same radio was shown on TV？
4.He saw me coming，after he offered me this seat.
5.The tree leaves have fallen is 30 years old.
who/that
whom
as
whose
which
6.我永远不会忘记我第一次见到他的那一天。
I will never forget the day .
7.上周日我们参观了制造电脑的工厂。
We visited the factory last Sunday.
8.我要给出三个理由来证明团队合作是有利的。
Let me give you three reasons .
9.你想在商店里买点什么吗？
Is there anything in the shop？
10.昨天来看我的张先生是我的一个老朋友。
Mr.Zhang， ，is an old friend of mine.
when I first met him
where computers are made
that you want to buy
why teamwork is advantageous
who came to see me yesterday
用适当的引导词填空
1. is known to us all，James Cook was a great navigator 2. . was born in Britain on October 27，1728.There were three voyages 3. .were commanded by him，4. sailed around the world twice.Through Captain Cook’s voyages，the founding of colonies（殖民地） throughout the Pacific by several European countries occurred.Even now，he is still considered one of the world’s greatest explorers.
As
who/that
which/that
who
There was a time 5. Cook was an apprentice（学徒） in a shipping company，but he was admitted into the British Navy at 27 in 1755，and in 1768，he was chosen as the leader of a scientific expedition to Tahiti，6. a solar eclipse（日食） by Venus could be observed.Round the world in the ship Endeavour，he set out on his first voyage to Tahiti，7. .was successful.As a result，he was regarded as the first European to visit New Zealand.
when
where
which
On Cook’s second journey he sailed farther south than any other European，8. he circled Antarctica in his famous ship Resolution，but the ice 9. surrounded the continent prevented the sighting of land.The existence of the Antarctica remained unproved then.He was promoted to Captain in 1775 10. he returned to England.
where
which/that
when

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