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(共26张PPT)
UNIT 5　Into the unknown
(单元主题语境：人与自然——探索未知世界)
Section Ⅱ　Using language
复习名词性从句
[观察]
1.Through comparison，he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars.（宾语从句）
2.What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels，metal tools or even animal power.（主语从句；表语从句）
3.The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.（同位语从句）
4.Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery.（主语从句）
名词性从句的连接词还有哪些？
.
.
从属连词whether、if，连接代词who、whom、whose、which，连接副词where、when。
名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子，在复合句中能作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句的连接词有以下三类：
1.从属连词that、whether、if
（1）从属连词that引导名词性从句，在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，没有任何意义。
（2）从属连词whether、if在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用，意为“是否”。
2.连接代词what、whatever、who、whoever、which、whichever、whom、whomever、whose在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
3.连接副词when、whenever、where、wherever、why、how、however等引导的名词性从句，连接副词在从句中作状语。
一、主语从句
[感知]
1.It is certain that we shall be late.
很显然，我们要迟到了。
2.It is strange that you didn’t know about it.
很奇怪，你不知道那件事。
3.That her hair was gradually turning gray worried her a bit.
她的头发逐渐变白使她有点担忧。
4.Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.
他是否会来这里还不清楚。
5.（2024·新课标 Ⅰ 卷）What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.
对兽医有效的方法似乎对他的“病人”也有效。
6.What the boy wants are those red apples.
那个男孩想要的是那些红苹果。
[归纳]
1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语，它可以放在主句谓语动词之前；由it作形式主语时，主语从句放在谓语动词之后。
2.按连接词的用法特点，我们可以把主语从句分为三类：（1）that引导的主语从句；（2）whether 引导的主语从句；（3）who、which、what、why、when、how等引导的主语从句。
3.主语从句作主语，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数；但当what 引导的从句作主语，代表复数概念（常可通过表语的数判断）时，谓语动词则常用复数形式。
[即练]
用适当的连接词填空
1. surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.
2. will go to the concert is not known.
3. she was chosen made us very happy.
4.It isn’t clear the plane went down over land or sea.
What
Who
That
whether
二、宾语从句
[感知]
1.Germs can’t be seen except when they are observed through a telescope.
除非用显微镜观察，否则看不见细菌。
2.I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.
我觉得我们有必要花更多的时间练习英语口语。
3.I’m happy that my mother has more free time in the morning now.
我很高兴我母亲现在早上有更多的空余时间。
4.We agree that he has finished most of the work.
我们一致认为他已经完成了大部分工作。
5.（2024·新课标 Ⅰ 卷）Just then I realised that I had zero cash in my wallet.
就在这时，我意识到我的钱包里没有现金。
6.Do you know whose room this is？
你知道这是谁的房间吗？
7.I don’t think that he is right.
我认为他是不对的。
8.He suggested that you （should） attend the opening ceremony.
他建议你出席开幕式。
[归纳]
1.宾语从句在复合句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。如果主句的谓语动词是及物动词，如make、find、see、hear等，则把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后，用it作形式宾语。另外，某些作表语的形容词，如sure、happy、glad、certain之后也可以跟宾语从句。
2.主句是一般现在时，从句可根据需要使用各种时态；主句是一般过去时，从句通常用相应的过去时态。
3.无论什么样的宾语从句，从句中的语序都是陈述语序，即“主语+谓语”。
4.若主句中的谓语动词是think、believe、suppose、guess等词，主语为第一人称，则从句中的否定词要转移到主句中来。
5.在动词order、suggest、advise、ask （要求），demand、insist （坚持要求）、recommend（推荐）等后面的宾语从句要用“（should）+动词原形”。
①如果宾语从句表示客观事实或真理，不管主句是何种时态，从句都要用一般现在时。
As a child，I was told that the moon has no light of its own.I didn’t believe it.
孩提时，人们告诉我月亮自身不会发光，我当时不相信。
②that引导及物动词后的宾语从句时可以省略；当主句谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他的that不可省略。
He said （that） you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.
他说你太小不能明白这件事，还说别人不让他告诉你。　
[即练]
完成句子
1.我认为你应该说实话。
I think .
2.他问我是否可以和他一起出去玩。
He asked .
3.她问我们将会和谁一起去动物园。
She asked .
（that） you should tell the truth
whether/if I could go out to play with him
who/whom we would go to the zoo with
三、表语从句
[感知]
1.The question was who had done it.
问题是这件事是谁做的。
2.It looks as if it is going to snow.
看起来天要下雪。
3.Things were not as they seemed to be.
情况并不是看起来的那个样子。
4.Spring is when the weather is very warm.
春天是天气很暖和的时候。
5.The question is how we’ll go there.
问题是我们怎样去那儿。
6.The argument is whether we will have a picnic tomorrow.
争论的焦点是我们明天是否去野餐。
7.The reason why he was late is that his bike broke down.
他迟到的原因是他的自行车坏了。
8.That is why we love our motherland so much.
这就是为什么我们如此爱我们的祖国。
[归纳]
1.表语从句在复合句中充当表语，位于主句中的系动词之后。这些系动词有be、look、seem、sound、appear等。其构成为“连接词+简单句”。
2.在表语从句中，即使从句有疑问意义，从句的语序也要用陈述语序。
3.在表达“是否”这一概念时，要用whether，不用if。
4.当主语是reason时，表语从句表示原因要用that引导，不能用because；当主语是it、this或that时，表语从句可用because或why引导。
[即练]
用适当的连接词填空
1.The only time I can think clearly is I’m alone.
2.What puzzles Lily’s friends is she always has so many crazy ideas.
3.The problem is so many people don’t have enough water to drink in Africa.
4.That’s our problem lies.
when
why
that
where
四、同位语从句
[感知]
1.Do you have any idea what time it starts？
你知道什么时候开始吗？
2.The question who should do the work requires consideration.
谁该做这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。
3.We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.
我们怀疑他们是否能准时完成任务。
4.The order when we （should） return hasn’t reached us.
我们没有接到什么时候返回的命令。
5.They express the wish that she （should） keep working in the company.
他们希望她继续留在公司工作。
6.The news that our team has won the match is true.
我们队赢得比赛的消息是真的。
[归纳]
1.同位语从句一般跟在某些抽象名词之后，用以说明名词所表示的具体内容。常跟同位语从句的名词主要有idea、news、promise、answer、belief、conditions、doubt、fear、hope、problem、proof、question、reply、report、suggestion、thought、truth等。
2.区别同位语从句和定语从句：从结构上讲，前者由连接词引导，后者由关系代词、关系副词引导；从内涵上讲，前者所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系，后者所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。
[即练]
用适当的连接词填空
1.The news our volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.
2.They have some doubt the new strategy will be effective.
3.Scientists have obtained more evidence plastic is finding its way into the human body.
4.The teacher gave the order the work be finished before 4 o’clock.
5.There was a suggestion Brown should be dropped from the team.
6.Answer my question you are coming.
that
whether
that
whether
that
that
用适当的连接词填空
Parents feel 1. it is difficult to live with teenagers.And teenagers have similar feelings 2. it is not easy to live with them.Thus，3. is common that they argue with each other.The most common argument is 4. . will clean teenagers’ bedrooms.However，most teenagers take it for granted 5. .their parents should clean the bedrooms.
that
it
who
that
that
Now many parents don’t know 6. they can do.Psychologists give a suggestion 7. parents should not only talk to their children but also listen to 8. they want to say.This is because communication is a two-way process.
what
that
what

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