资源简介

(共58张PPT)
UNIT 5　Into the unknown
(单元主题语境：人与自然——探索未知世界)
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1. v.（因奇特或神秘而）激起……的兴趣，引起……的好奇心
2. v.将……埋在下面
3. n.金字塔
4. n.天文学
5. n.运河
6. adj.来自热带的；产于热带的
7. n.气旋；旋风
8. n.衰败
intrigue
bury
pyramid
astronomy
canal
tropical
cyclone
downfall
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1.civilise v.使文明；教化→ n.文明（社会）→civilised adj.文明的
2. n.残垣断壁，废墟→ruinous adj.毁灭性的→ruinously adv.毁灭地
3. v.离弃，逃离→abandoned adj.被离弃的；被遗弃的→abandonment n.离弃；遗弃
4. v.拒绝考虑，否定→dismissal n.摒弃；不予考虑→dismissive adj.轻蔑的
5.expand v.扩大→ n.扩大；增加
civilisation
ruin
abandon
dismiss
expansion
动词加后缀-al构成名词时，后缀-al表示过程或状态。
dismiss→dismissal　approve→approval　
arrive→arrival　survive→survival 　
Ⅲ.短语互译
1.（因无人照料而）衰落，败落 .
2.与……一致
3.以……为基础
4.处理，应付
5.on top of
6.lead to
7.at one’s peak
8.add to
9.turn ...into ...
fall into ruin
correspond to
be based on
deal with
在……上方；除……之外
导致；通向
在……顶峰
增添；添加
把……变成……
Ⅳ.重点句式
1.句型：完全倒装
教材原句：On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time：a true writing system.
翻译：
除此之外，还有一项当时美洲独有的成就：一种真正的文字系统。
2．句型：so ...that ...如此……以至于……
教材原句：It was a writing system so complicated that，so far，no one has been able to interpret it completely.
翻译：
这种文字系统很复杂，以至于到目前为止没有人可以将其完全解读。
熟读精思·研读文本精华
Ⅰ.原文释译
The Mysteries of THE MAYA
Intrigued① by Maya civilisation② from a very young age，15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible discovery③ from his study of ancient star charts.Through comparison④，he found that the locations⑤ of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars.Based on⑥ this，he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried⑦ deep in the jungle. Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars，it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.
过去分词作原因状语。
Although引导让步状语从句。
It isn’t difficult to see why.Extending south from parts of what we now know as Mexico into Central America，Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century.The Maya built impressive⑧ palaces and temples，including their representative step pyramids⑨. What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is
how they were built without the use of wheels，metal tools or even animal power.The Maya’sunderstanding of mathematics and astronomy⑩was also quite amazing.They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar， which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year. On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time：a true writing system. It contained more than 800 characters，with some signs representing animals，people and objects and others representing syllables. It was a writing system so complicated that，so far ，no one has been able to interpret it completely.
It为形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语to see why。
What引导主语从句。
how引导表语从句。
which 引导非限制性定语从句。
完全倒装结构。
“so ...that ...”引导结果状语从句。
The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious .But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.By 700 AD，Maya civilisation was at its peak.Yet，within just a couple of generations，it began to mysteriously decline.The cities were left to be taken back by the jungle.When Europeans arrived in Central America in the early 16th century to claim its riches，the remaining Maya people were living in small settlements.
that引导同位语从句，修饰名词The fact。
what引导表语从句。
Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery.Was it a natural disaster？A deadly disease？Conflicts between cities？Or was it a combination of several different factors？Some research seems to indicate that the Maya people themselves may have played a part in their downfall .They had turned wetlands into fields for growing grains，and had dug huge canal systems. As their population expanded，yet more land was needed for agriculture and more trees for construction.By changing the landscape in this way， it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters.
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Why引导主语从句。
As引导原因状语从句。
it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。
13
Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya.Some recent studies have found that there were far fewer tropical cyclones than usual between 700 AD and 1000 AD. This is likely to have led to a series of droughts， each lasting for a couple of years，including a “megadrought ” around 900 AD.Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason why Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates in different places.These droughts would have led to food shortages，conflicts and，ultimately，the downfall of the cities.
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14
16
Whatever the reasons，Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle.Its once-great cities fell into ruin ，leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.Meanwhile，the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past，present and future.
“be likely to do ...”表示“可能做……”。
“代词+现在分词”构成的独立主格结构。
why引导定语从句，修饰先行词the main reason，why在从句中作原因状语。
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14
16
◆难词注解
①intrigue v.（因奇特或神秘而）激起……的兴趣，引起……的好奇心②civilisation n.文明（社会）
③discovery n.发现；发觉
④comparison n.比较；对比
⑤location n.位置；地点；定位；外景拍摄地
⑥be based on以……为基础
⑦bury v.将……埋在下面；埋葬；隐藏
⑧impressive adj.给人印象深刻的；令人钦佩的；令人赞叹的
※impress vt.使留下深刻印象；使铭记；使意识到
※impression n.印象；感觉；
⑨pyramid n.金字塔
⑩astronomy n.天文学
apply vt.应用，运用；申请；涂；敷
※apply for 申请，请求
※apply to适用于； 向……申请（或要求）
so far到目前为止；迄今为止；到某种程度
mysterious adj.神秘的，难以解释的
※mystery n.神秘事物；难以理解的事物；谜
downfall n.衰败
canal n.运河
reduce vt.减少；缩小；降低；使还原
※reduce ...to ...把……减少到……；把……降低到……
※reduce ...by ...把……减少了……；把……降低了……
※reduction n.减少
lead to导致；把……带到；（道路）通向
※lead v.领导；引导；导致；造成
※leading adj.最重要的；领先的；一流的
※leader n.领袖；领导者；指挥者
tropical adj.来自热带的；产于热带的
cyclone n.气旋；旋风
megadrought n.超级干旱
※fall into ruin （因无人照料而）衰落，败落
disappear v.消失；失踪；灭绝
※disappearance n.消失；失踪；不见；消亡；灭绝
※appear vi.出现；看来；似乎；露面；出版；发表
※appearance n.外貌；外观；出现；露面
ruin n.残垣断壁，废墟v.毁坏；破坏；使破产
※fall into ruin （因无人照料而）衰落，败落
Ⅱ.文本理解
文章架构
achievements
adcline
reasons
human
natural
solved
细节探究
1.Why is the Maya magnificent architecture impressive？ （　　）
A.Because the Maya unexpectedly built step pyramids.
B.Because these extraordinary structures were too complex.
C.Because the Maya didn’t use wheels，metal tools or even animal power.
D.Because these constructions were built in Central America.
2.How many characters does the Maya writing system contain？ （　　）
A.More than 15. B.More than 117.
C.More than 30. D.More than 800.
3.When was Maya civilisation at its peak？（　　）
A.By 700 AD. B.By 1600 AD.
C.By 1900 AD. D.By 900 AD.
4.Why had the Maya people turned wetlands into fields？ （　　）
A.To make the surroundings more beautiful.
B.To grow grains for people.
C.To change the landscape.
D.To fight against droughts.
答案：1~4 CDAB
课文语法填空
Extending south from parts of what we now know as Mexico into Central America，Maya civilisation 1. （surround） by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century.The Maya built 2. .（impress） palaces and temples，including their representative step pyramids.3. is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels，metal tools or even animal power.The Maya’s understanding of mathematics and astronomy was also quite 4. （amaze）.In addition，their writing system was so complicated 5. no one has been able to interpret it completely so far.
has been surrounded
impressive
What
amazing
that
By 700 AD，Maya civilisation was at its peak.However，within just a couple of generations，it began to 6. （mysterious） decline.Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery.Some research seems 7. （indicate） that the Maya people themselves may have played a part in their downfall.In the process of changing the landscape，it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their 8. （able） to deal with natural disasters.Many scientists believe that some droughts were the main reason 9. Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates in different places.Whatever the reasons，Maya civilisation largely 10. .（appear） within the deep jungle，leaving us thinking about our own past，present and future.
mysteriously
to indicate
ability
why
disappeared
Ⅲ.教材熟词生义/一词多义
bury
①The house was buried under ten feet of snow. ,
②She’s 85 and has buried her husband. .
③He had learnt to bury his feelings. .
④He walked slowly，his hands buried in his pockets. .
覆盖
把……插入
掩藏（感情、错误等）
丧失（某人）
Ⅳ.教材续写积累
按时间顺序描述事件发展变化
By 700 AD，Maya civilisation was at its peak.Yet，within just a couple of generations，it began to mysteriously decline.
[仿写]完成句子
一周后，我该上台表演了。一开始我觉得很紧张。然后我想起了上周我付出的所有努力。渐渐地，我在舞台上变得越来越自信。
One week later，it was time for me to perform on stage. ,
.Then I remembered all the hard work that I’d put in over the last week.Gradually， on stage.
I felt really nervous at first
I became more and more confident
互动探究·精研核心知识
1 bury v.将……埋在下面；覆盖；掩藏（感情、错误等）
Based on this，he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle.
据此，他相信自己发现了一座隐藏于丛林深处的未知的玛雅城市。
[要点突破]
bury ...in ...把……埋到……里；专心于（某事）；陷入，沉浸于；藏于
bury oneself in sth.=be buried in sth.沉浸于某事；专心于某事
bury one’s face/head in one’s hands双手掩面/双手抱头
bury one’s feelings掩藏感情，感情不外露
[写作佳句]
He’d had to bury his pain over the years.
多年来他不得不将痛苦埋在心底。
[学以致用]
单句填空/完成句子/句式升级
①She began to sob，burying her face her hands.
②自从她走后，他一心扑在工作上。
Since she left，he his work.
in
has buried himself in
③Because she buried herself in the film，she didn’t know a hurricane was striking outside.
→ ，she didn’t know a hurricane was striking outside.（现在分词短语作状语）
→ ，she didn’t know a hurricane was striking outside.（过去分词短语作状语）
Burying herself in the film
Buried in the film
2 ruin n.毁坏；破产；（pl.）残垣断壁，废墟 v.毁坏；使破产
Its once-great cities fell into ruin，leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.
曾经恢宏的城市沦为废墟，留下各种谜团等待后人解开。
[要点突破]
①in ruins严重受损；破败不堪；崩溃，垮掉；毁坏
fall into ruin （因无人照料而）衰落，败落
②ruin oneself毁掉自己
③ruined adj.毁坏了的；严重受损的
[写作佳句]
Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day？
谁没有收到过让人心烦的、毁了一整天的邮件呢？
[学以致用]
单句填空/完成句子
①With time going on，the castle which was once very beautiful is now completely ruins.
②Carl cares about nothing and he doesn’t deny that he has made the farm fall
ruin.
③自行车似乎坏了，但父亲想把它带到城里看看能不能修好。
，but Dad wanted to take it to the city to see if it could be fixed.
in
into
The bicycle seemed ruined
3 abandon v.离弃，逃离；陷入，沉湎于 n.尽情；放纵
But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.
但最大的谜团莫过于是什么使玛雅人遗弃了自己的大部分大城市。
[要点突破]
①abandon doing sth.放弃做某事
abandon ...to ...把……遗弃给……
abandon oneself to sth.沉湎于（某种情感）；沉溺于
②abandoned adj.被抛弃的；被丢弃的；废弃的
③with abandon尽情地；放纵地
[写作佳句]
I decided not to abandon John when he was in such a desperate position.
我决定不在约翰走投无路的时候抛弃他。
[学以致用]
单句填空/句式升级
①He abandoned himself to （read） all kinds of literary books in his spare time.
②The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms abandon.
③He abandoned himself to the Internet games and didn’t pass the exam.
→ ，he didn’t pass the exam.（现在分词短语作状语）
with
Abandoning himself to the Internet games
reading
4 dismiss v.拒绝考虑，否定；摒弃；让（某人）离开；解雇；免职；解散
Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars，it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.
尽管学者们否定了他的理论，但是这表明古玛雅文明之谜对人们的影响力之大。
[要点突破]
①dismiss sb.from ...for sth.因为某事把某人从……中解雇
dismiss sb./sth.from one’s mind试图忘记某人或某事
dismiss sb.as ...把某人当作……
②dismissal n.解雇；免职
[写作佳句]
The harder I tried to dismiss the thought，the stronger it grew.
我越是想要打消这个念头，它就越强烈。
[学以致用]
单句填空/完成句子
①He has been dismissed his job making too many mistakes.
②He looked blank when he was informed of his （dismiss）.
③素食主义者不再被当作怪人。
Vegetarians are no longer cranks.
from
dismissal
dismissed as
for
5 expansion n.扩大；增加；膨胀
Huge expansion of the population leads to many problems.
人口的大规模扩张导致了很多问题。
[要点突破]
①expand v.扩大，增加；扩展，发展
expand （...） into ...（把……）扩展/发展成……
②contract （反义词） v.（使）收缩
[写作佳句]
（2024·新课标 Ⅱ 卷）Travel promotes understanding，expands our minds，makes us better people，and boosts local economies and communities.
旅行能促进理解，拓展我们的思维，使我们成为更好的人，并促进区域经济和社会发展。
[学以致用]
单句填空/完成句子
①The company has abandoned plans for further （expand）.
②Expansion new areas of research is possible.
③这个小村庄仅仅用了10年就发展成了一个城镇。
It took only ten years for the small village to .
expansion
into
expand into a town
完全倒装
On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time：a true writing system.
除此之外，还有一项当时美洲独有的成就：一种真正的文字系统。
[情境探究]
①There exist different opinions on this question.
关于这个问题，存在着不同的看法。
②Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.
我们一直期待的时刻终于到来了。
③They arrived at a house，in front of which sat a small boy.
他们来到了一所房子，一个小男孩坐在房子前。
[要点突破]
句中On top of all this was an achievement为介词短语位于句首引起的完全倒装。
使用完全倒装的情况：
①当句首为表示地点的介词短语，句子的主语为名词时，句子用完全倒装结构；
②There be结构。在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词还有remain、exist、seem、happen、appear、live、rise、stand等；
③“Here/Now/Then+come （或be动词等）+主语”结构。为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或为了使上下文紧密衔接，可以用完全倒装结构。
[学以致用]
完成句子
①教室外面站着一位老人。
Outside the classroom .
②最后一班公交车来了！快点，否则我们就得走回家了。
Here .Hurry up，or we’ll have to walk home.
comes the last bus
stood/stands an old man
③重庆位于长江和嘉陵江交汇处。
At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River .
.
④对于这个项目的实际价值人们依然还有怀疑。
a certain doubt among people as to the practical value of the project.
There remains
lies Chongqing

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