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(共34张PPT)
UNIT 6　Space and beyond
(单元主题语境：人与自然——探索宇宙奥秘)
Section Ⅱ　Using language
情态动词
[观察]
1.Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets，their hearts in their mouths，aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was，and of the many things that could go wrong.
2.With the eyes of students across the nation upon her，she might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists.
3.The world went into shock，most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane.
4.“I can remember that day so clearly，watching the take-off on TV at school，” said one student.
5.The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us，reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars，no matter how distant they might seem.
[探究]
句 情态动词 意义
. . 表示能力
. . 表示猜测、推测
. . 表示“务必，一定”
4
can
1、2、3、5
could、might、would
5
must
一、情态动词的定义及特征
情态动词表示说话者对某一动作或状态的态度。情态动词的基本特征：
1.在形式上，情态动词没有人称和数的变化，只有could、would、had to、might等几个过去式，其他情态动词无时态变化。
2.在意义上，情态动词有一定的意义，表示或暗示某种情绪或态度，表示可能、建议、愿望、需要、允许、能力等。大多数情态动词有多个意义。
3.在用法上，情态动词后须接动词原形，构成谓语动词。
常见的情态动词：
原形 过去式 同义词（组）
can could be able to
may might /
must / has/have to
have to had to must
had better had better /
need needed /
注意：need和dare既可作实义动词，也可作情态动词。作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句中。
原形 过去式 同义词（组）
dare dared /
shall should ought to
will would /
ought to ought to should
二、情态动词的用法
（一）can/could的用法
[感知]
1.（2024·全国甲卷）Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.
动物可以用很多方式来表达它们的需求。
2.Anybody can make mistakes in his lifetime.
任何人在一生中都可能犯错误。
3.—Could I take out a loan tomorrow？
—Yes，you can./No，I’m afraid not.
——我明天能取得贷款吗？
——是的，可以。/不，恐怕不行。
4.He’s just had his lunch.He can’t be hungry.
他刚吃过午饭，不可能饿的。
[归纳]
1.表示能力，意为“能，会”，can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。
2.表示客观可能性。
3.表示请求。在这种语境下，使用could比用can语气更显委婉客气，could此时和can没有时间上的差别。could主要用于疑问句，不用于肯定句，因此回答时要改用can。
4.表示推测。can表示理论上存在的可能性；在表示否定的推测时，一般用can’t。
（二）may/might的用法
[感知]
1.—Might/May I smoke beneath the tree？
—Yes，you may./No，you mustn’t/can’t.
——我可以在这棵树下吸烟吗？
——是的，你可以。/不，你不可以。
2.May you succeed！
祝你成功！
3.Your mother may/might not know the truth.
你的母亲可能不知道事实。
[归纳]
1.表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，此时，might不是may的过去式。否定回答时可以用can’t或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。
2.may用于祈使句，表示祝愿。
3.表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。此时，might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。
用“May I ...？”征询对方许可时比较正式和客气，而“Can I ...？”在口语中更常见。　
（三）must/have to的用法
[感知]
1.（2024·新课标 Ⅰ 卷）Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.
十八岁以下的志愿者必须征得家长或监护人的同意并签字确认。
2.—Must we apologise to the waiter？
—Yes，you must./No，you don’t have to/needn’t.
——我们必须向那个服务员道歉吗？
——是的，必须道歉。/不，不必。
3.Your mother must be on duty now.
你妈妈现在一定在值班。
4.Her mother was ill and she had to stay at home to look after her.
她妈妈生病了，她必须在家照顾妈妈。
[归纳]
1.must表示必须、一定。在回答must引出的一般疑问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t（禁止，不准），而用needn’t（不必）或don’t have to（不必）。
2.must表示推测和可能性时，只用于肯定的陈述句。
3.must强调说话人的主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要。must无时态变化，have to 有更多的时态形式。
（四）shall的用法
[感知]
1.What shall we do this evening？
我们今晚可以做什么？
2.You shall fail if you ignore the details.
如果你忽视这些细节，你会失败的。
3.He shall be punished if he keeps on doing it.
如果他继续那样做，他会受到惩罚的。
[归纳]
1.shall用于第一人称，表示说话人征求对方的意见。
2.shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
（五）will/would的用法
[感知]
1.Will/Would you pass me the ball，please？
请把球递给我，好吗？
2.I will never do that again.
我再也不那样做了。
3.They asked him if he would make a bet.
他们问他是否愿意打个赌。
4.It would be about ten o’clock when she left home.
她离开家时大约10点钟。
[归纳]
1.will/would表示请求、建议等，主要用于第二人称疑问句中，will和would均可用，would此时不表示过去，而是表示委婉语气。
2.will/would表示意志、愿望和决心（would表示过去）。
3.will/would表示推测。
（六）should/ought to的用法
[感知]
1.I should help her because she is in trouble.
她遇到麻烦了，我应该帮助她。
2.You ought to take care of the baby.
你应该照看这个婴儿。
3.You should/ought to go to class right away in case you are late.
你应该立刻去上课，以免迟到。
4.He should/ought to be home by now.
现在他应该到家了。
[归纳]
1.表示义务或责任时，ought to比should语气重。
2.表示劝告、建议或命令时，should和ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。
3.表示推测。
（七）dare、need 和had better的用法
[感知]
1.How dare you say I’m unfair？
你怎么敢说我不公平呢？
2.He daren’t speak English before such a crowd，dare he？
他不敢在这么多人面前说英语，对吗？
3.You needn’t come so early.
你不必来这么早。
4.—Need I finish the work today？
—Yes，you must./No，you needn’t.
——我今天需要完成这项工作吗？
——是的，你必须完成。/不，你不需要。
5.Now you/he/we had better listen to the teacher.
你/他/我们现在最好听老师的话。
6.Tom，you had better（=you’d better） go there today.
汤姆，你最好今天去那儿。
[归纳]
1.dare作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，过去式为dared。
2.need 作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句和否定句中。在肯定句中一般用must、have to、ought to、should代替。
3.had better（常简写为“’d better”）是固定词组，意为“最好”，用于表示对别人的劝告、建议或表示一种愿望。had better后跟动词原形（即不带to的动词不定式），构成had better do sth.结构。不论主语是第几人称，不论句子是什么时态，都要用had better。其否定形式为had better not do sth.。
dare和 need用作实义动词时，有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的动词不定式。而need后面只能接带to的动词不定式。　
I dare to swim across this river.
我敢游过这条河。
He doesn’t dare （to） answer.
他不敢回答。
He needs to finish his homework today.
他今天需要完成家庭作业。　
（八）“情态动词+have done”的用法
[感知]
1.He cannot have forgotten it.
他不可能忘记的。
2.He wasn’t at home last night.He could have gone to the movies.
他昨晚不在家，可能去看电影了吧。
3.The accident could have been avoided.
这场事故本来是可以避免的。
4.I really regretted wasting the hours when I should have studied hard，but it was too late.
我真后悔浪费了本该努力学习的光阴，但后悔已经晚了。
5.To be honest，I shouldn’t have said to you like that.
说实话，我本不应该那样对你说的。
6.You needn’t have taken out a loan；we could give you a hand.
你本不需要贷款的，我们可以帮助你。
[归纳]
情态动词+have done 功能意义
can/could have done ①过去可能做了（表示推测）
②本能做而未做（表示虚拟）
should/ought to have done 本该做而未做（表示后悔、遗憾或责备）
may/might have done ①过去也许做了（表示推测）
②本可能做而未做（表示虚拟）
must have done 一定已经做了
Needn’t have done 本不必做而做了
[即练]
用适当的情态动词填空
1.A computer think for itself；it be told what to do.
2.Peter come with us tonight，but he isn’t very sure yet.
3.If the thief come，the police will arrest him immediately.
4.You fail in the final exam if you don’t prepare well.
5.I help my relative who is in trouble.
can’t
may
shall/will
should
dare
must
6.It be about five when he left school.
7.You have completed the task better，but you didn’t try your best.
8.I clean the room for my mom had already finished it.
9.These English poems are very short and students easily remember them.
10.My car won’t start. you give me a hand？
would
could
can
Could
needn’t
用适当的情态动词填空
Dear Professor Smith，
I’m writing to you because I met some problems.I am sure that I 1. . your help.
This term，I have come to Wuhan to study in a senior middle school.But I find I 2. get along well with my new classmates because I can’t agree with some students’ attitudes to their studies.In my class，many of the students spend most of their time on the Internet but little on their studies.In
need
can’t
my opinion，as senior students，the most important thing for us is to study，so we 3. try our best to do it well.Next，we 4. .learn to help our parents and relieve their stress.How 5. they do things like that？
Perhaps they 6. think it’s none of my business，but every time I think of it，my heart hurts.I really want to help them，but I find I haven’t done anything.What 7. I do？
ought to/should
can
must/should/ought to
may
should
I believe that they 8. realize wasting time is killing themselves in the future，but it 9. be too late by that time.
Dear Professor Smith，10. you give me some advice？
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
will
could
will

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