资源简介

杨师钰霖英语供稿
沪教牛津版八年级下册
Unit 1 Helping those in need
精品单元复习知识清单
一、单元考情分析（★中考必考，分值 8-12 分）
本单元以志愿服务、关爱弱势群体为核心话题，贴合黔东南山区支教、社区助老、关爱留守儿童本土场景。考查题型：单项选择、词形转换、语法填空、完形填空、书面表达；核心考点：非谓语动词、情态动词、志愿话题短语句型，是八年级下册核心必考单元。
二、核心词汇全维度精讲
（一）基础必会词汇
单词 音标 词性 核心词义 中考考点拓展 例句
elderly / eld li/ adj. 年老的；年长的 委婉替代 old，固定搭配 the elderly（老年人），无比较级 Volunteers in Kaili often help the elderly cross the street.
volunteer / v l n t (r)/ v./n. 自愿做；志愿者 固定搭配 volunteer to do sth.；名词 volunteer work I volunteer to teach English in mountain villages of Qiandongnan.
suffer / s f (r)/ v. 受苦；遭受 固定搭配 suffer from（因… 受苦）；名词 suffering Many left-behind children suffer from loneliness.
raise /re z/ v. 募集；举起；提高 多义词，raise money for（为… 筹款）；区别 rise（不及物） We raised 5,000 yuan for poor students in Jinping.
permission /p m n/ n. 准许；许可 固定搭配 ask permission（报请批准）；动词 permit We must ask permission before visiting the nursing home.
disabled /d s e bld/ adj. 残疾的 前缀 dis - 表否定；固定搭配 the disabled（残疾人） Our school held a party for disabled children in Tianzhu.
joy /d / n. 高兴；愉快 形容词 joyful；固定搭配 bring joy to sb.（给某人带来快乐） Helping others brings me great joy in volunteer work.
pain /pe n/ n./v. 疼痛；痛苦 形容词 painful；固定搭配 in pain（处于痛苦中） The doctor helped the elderly man out of pain.
lonely / l nli/ adj. 孤独的；寂寞的 区别 alone（独自的），情感类形容词中考高频 The old man feels lonely without his children.
community /k mju n ti/ n. 社区；群落 固定搭配 community service（社区服务） We do community service every weekend in our town.
（二）中考词性转换必背
volunteer → voluntary (adj. 志愿的)
suffer → suffering (n. 痛苦；苦难)
permit → permission (n. 许可；准许)
able → disabled (adj. 残疾的) → ability (n. 能力)
ill → illness (n. 疾病)
happy → happiness (n. 幸福) → unhappy (adj. 不开心的)
care → careful (adj. 小心的) → careless (adj. 粗心的)
organize → organization (n. 组织；机构)
（三）易混词汇辨析
1.lonely vs alone
alone：客观 “独自的”，不作定语，仅作表语或状语
例：I live alone, but I don’t feel lonely.
lonely：主观 “孤独的”，可作定语 / 表语，带有情感色彩
例：a lonely village（偏僻的村庄）
2.raise vs rise
raise：及物动词，后必须接宾语，意为 “举起、筹集、提高”
例：raise money（筹款）
rise：不及物动词，无宾语，意为 “上升、升起、起身”
例：The sun rises in the east.
3.because vs because of
because：连词，后接完整句子，引导原因状语从句
例：I didn’t go out because it rained.
because of：介词短语，后接名词 / 代词 / 动名词，不能接句子
例：I didn’t go out because of the rain.
三、重点短语深度梳理
（一）核心必背短语
1.in need 处于困境中；需要帮助的
用法：后置定语，修饰人 / 物，中考完形高频固定搭配
例：We should try our best to help people in need.
2.voluntary work 义务工作；志愿工作
用法：写作主题核心短语，同义替换 volunteer work
例：More and more teenagers take part in voluntary work.
3.ask permission (to do sth.) 报请批准（做某事）
用法：情景交际高频短语，后接不定式表目的
例：You must ask permission to enter the room.
4.give sb. a hand 帮助某人
用法：口语化表达，同义替换 help sb.，中考补全对话必考
例：Could you give me a hand with the volunteer plan
5.suffer from 因… 受苦；受… 之苦
用法：后接疾病、困难、痛苦等名词，完形填空高频搭配
例：Many old people suffer from bad eyesight.
6.cheer sb. up 使某人振作；使某人开心
用法：动副短语，代词宾格必须放中间，短语辨析必考考点
例：We sang songs to cheer up the sad children.
7.raise one’s spirits 鼓舞某人的士气
用法：写作高分短语，同义替换 cheer sb. up，提升作文档次
例：The volunteer’s story raised our spirits.
8.in low/high spirits 情绪低落 / 高涨
用法：描述人物心情状态，完形填空高频情感类短语
例：The kids were in high spirits after the party.
9.continue to do/doing sth. 继续做某事
用法：continue to do（停下手中事去做另一件事）；continue doing（继续做同一件事）
例：After cleaning, we continued to prepare gifts.
10.make a difference 有影响；起作用
用法：写作结尾加分短语，固定搭配 make a difference to sb./sth.
例：Small actions can make a big difference to others.
（二）拓展短语
in order to 为了
take care of 照顾；照料
give up 放弃
come up with 想出；提出
be ready to do sth. 准备做某事
be proud of 为… 感到骄傲
四、核心句型与交际表达
（一）提建议句型
You could help clean up the community park.
你可以帮忙打扫社区公园。（could 表委婉建议，语气温和）
We ought to care for the elderly in our hometown.
我们应该关爱家乡的老人。（ought to 表义务、责任，语气正式）
You had better ask permission first.
你最好先报请批准。（had better 表强烈建议，语气直接）
What about doing volunteer work this weekend
这周末做志愿工作怎么样？（提建议经典句型，后接动名词）
（二）表达意愿句型
I’d like to volunteer to help left-behind children.
我想志愿帮助留守儿童。
I want to do something for people in need.
我想为有需要的人做些事。
Volunteering is a meaningful thing to do.
做志愿工作是一件有意义的事。
（三）同义句转换
It’s meaningful to help others.
→ Helping others is meaningful.（动名词作主语，中考高频转换）
We should help people in need.
→ We ought to help people in need.（should/ought to 同义替换）
He is too young to go to school.
→ He is so young that he can’t go to school.（too…to… 与 so…that… 转换）
五、核心语法深度精讲
语法一：非谓语动词（to do /doing）★★★★★
动词不定式（to do）
作宾语：want, hope, plan, volunteer, decide, offer, need + to do
例：She decided to raise money for the village school.
作宾语补足语：ask/tell/invite/want sb. to do sth.
例：The teacher told us to help the poor kids.
作目的状语：表 “为了…”，可放句首 / 句末，中考语法填空高频例：We went to the village to teach English.
否定形式：not to do sth.（not 放在 to 之前）
例：He decided not to give up volunteer work.
动名词（doing）作主语：动名词作主语，谓语动词必须用单数形式
例：Volunteering in the countryside is great.
作宾语：enjoy, finish, practice, keep, mind, give up + doing
例：She enjoys helping others in her free time.
固定搭配：be good at doing, look forward to doing，介词后必接动名词
中考易混对比
结构 用法 例句
stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 I stopped to help the old man.
stop doing 停止做某事 I stopped talking in class.
remember to do 记得去做某事（未做） Remember to close the door.
remember doing 记得做过某事（已做） I remember closing the door.
语法二：情态动词 had better /ought to 辨析★★★★
1. had better
结构：had better do sth.（最好做某事）；had better not do sth.（最好别做某事）
特点：无人称、数、时态变化，语气直接，表建议 / 劝告 / 提醒
例：You had better not play in the street.
2. ought to
结构：ought to do sth.（应该做某事）；ought not to do sth.（不应该做某事）
特点：语气正式，表道德、义务、责任，to 绝对不能省略
例：We ought to respect the elderly.
3. 中考情景交际对比
情态动词 语气 适用场景
had better 强 安全、规则、紧急类建议
ought to 较强 道德、义务、责任类建议
should 中等 日常委婉、普通建议
六、经典例题
1.单选：Many students in Qiandongnan volunteer ______ books to poor children.
A. give B. to give C. giving D. gave
答案：B
解析：本题考查非谓语动词固定搭配，volunteer 为中考高频动词，固定用法为volunteer to do sth.（自愿做某事），后必须接动词不定式作宾语，不能接动名词或原形，因此排除 A、C、D，正确答案为 B。
2.单选：We ______ care for people in need, it’s our duty.
A. had better B. ought to C. can D. may
答案：B
解析：本题考查情态动词辨析，句中 “it’s our duty”（这是我们的责任）提示语境为道德义务。had better 表强烈建议，can 表能力，may 表许可，均不符合语境；ought to专门用于表达责任、义务，符合句意，因此选 B。
3.词形转换：He does a lot of ______ (volunteer) work every month.
答案：voluntary
解析：本题考查词性转换，空格后为名词 work（工作），需要用形容词修饰。volunteer 是动词 / 名词，其形容词形式为voluntary（志愿的），为中考语法填空高频考点，故填 voluntary。
4.语法填空：______ (help) others makes me feel happy.
答案：Helping
解析：本题考查动名词作主语，句子缺少主语，动词原形不能作主语，需变为动名词形式。动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数（makes），符合句子结构，因此填 Helping。
七、分层练习题
（一）单项选择
1.The old man lives ______, but he never feels ______.
A. alone; lonely B. lonely; alone C. alone; alone D. lonely; lonely
答案：A
解析：本题考查易混词 alone 与 lonely 辨析。alone 为副词 / 形容词，表客观上独自一个人，可作状语修饰动词 live；lonely 为形容词，表主观上孤独寂寞，作表语修饰人的感受。句意为 “这位老人独自居住，但他从不感到孤独”，因此选 A。
2.We need ______ up with a plan for the volunteer activity.
A. come B. to come C. coming D. came
答案：B
解析：本题考查非谓语动词固定搭配，need 作为实义动词时，固定用法为need to do sth.（需要做某事），后接动词不定式作宾语；come up with 为固定短语（想出），因此选 B。
3.You had better ______ late for school.
A. not be B. not to be C. be not D. to not be
答案：A
解析：本题考查情态动词 had better 的否定形式。had better 的固定结构为had better (not) do sth.，后接动词原形，否定词 not 直接放在 better 之后，无需加 to，因此选 A。
4.She enjoys ______ stories to the children in the hospital.
A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads
答案：C
解析：本题考查非谓语动词固定搭配，enjoy 为中考高频动词，固定用法为enjoy doing sth.（喜欢做某事），后必须接动名词作宾语，不能接不定式或原形，因此选 C。
5.They raised money ______ the poor students in the village.
A. in B. for C. at D. with
答案：B
解析：本题考查固定介词搭配，raise 为中考多义词，本句中意为 “筹集”，固定短语raise money for sb.（为某人筹款），是本单元核心短语，因此选 B。
（二）词形转换
1.Many ______ (disable) people need our help.
答案：disabled
解析：本题考查词性转换，空格后为名词 people（人），需要用形容词修饰。able 为形容词 “有能力的”，加否定前缀 dis - 变为disabled（残疾的），为中考高频形容词，故填 disabled。
2.______ (volunteer) is a good way to help others.
答案：Volunteering
解析：本题考查动名词作主语，句子缺少主语，动词 volunteer 不能直接作主语，需变为动名词形式。动名词作主语谓语用单数（is），符合句子结构，首字母需大写，故填 Volunteering。
3.She felt great ______ (joyful) when she helped others.
答案：joy
解析：本题考查词性转换，空格前为形容词 great（极大的），形容词后需接名词。joyful 为形容词 “快乐的”，其名词形式为joy（快乐），为不可数名词，故填 joy。
4.We must ask ______ (permit) before entering.
答案：permission
解析：本题考查词性转换，ask 为及物动词，后需接名词作宾语。permit 为动词 “允许”，其名词形式为permission（许可），固定短语 ask permission（报请批准），故填 permission。
5.The boy ______ (suffer) from a cold yesterday.
答案：suffered
解析：本题考查动词时态，句中时间状语 yesterday（昨天）为一般过去时标志词，谓语动词需用过去式。suffer 的过去式为规则变化suffered，故填 suffered。
（三）语法填空
Volunteering is popular in Qiandongnan. Many teenagers volunteer 1.________(help) people in need. Last week, we went to a mountain village 2.________(teach) left-behind children. We 3.________(ask) permission from the school first. Some kids were in low spirits, so we sang songs 4.________(cheer) them up. We all think small actions can make a big 5.______(different) to others’ lives.
1.to help
解析：考查固定搭配volunteer to do sth.（自愿做某事），volunteer 后接动词不定式作宾语，故填 to help。
2.to teach
解析：考查动词不定式作目的状语，句意为 “我们去山村是为了教留守儿童”，表目的用 to do，故填 to teach。
3.asked
解析：考查一般过去时，句中时间状语 last week（上周）为过去时标志，ask 的过去式为 asked，故填 asked。
4.to cheer
解析：考查动词不定式作目的状语，句意为 “我们唱歌是为了让他们振作起来”，表目的用 to do，故填 to cheer。
5.difference
解析：考查词性转换，固定短语make a difference（有影响），形容词 big 后接名词，different 的名词形式为 difference，故填 difference。
（四）书面表达
题目：假设你是李华，上周参加了黔东南社区志愿活动，帮助留守儿童。请写一篇短文介绍活动。
要求：80 词左右，包含活动内容、感受，贴合本土场景。
参考范文
Last Sunday, I took part in a volunteer activity in my community in Qiandongnan. We helped left-behind children in the village. We taught them English, played games with them and told them interesting stories. The kids were very happy.
I think volunteering is very meaningful. It helps others and brings me joy. I will keep doing voluntary work to help more people in need.
八、单元易错点清单及正误对比
1.volunteer 后必须接 to do，绝对不能接 doing，为中考高频易错点
正：Many students volunteer to help the poor.
误：Many students volunteer helping the poor.
2.had better 后接动词原形，否定式 not 在 better 后，不可加 to
正：You had better not be late.
误：You had better not to be late.
3.because of 后接名词 / 动名词，because 后接完整句子，不可混用
正：We didn’t go out because of the heavy rain.
误：We didn’t go out because of it rained.
4.动名词作主语，谓语动词必须用单数，是语法填空必考点
正：Helping others makes me happy.
误：Helping others make me happy.
5.the elderly/the disabled 表示一类人，作主语时谓语动词用复数
正：The elderly need our help.
误：The elderly needs our help.

展开更多......

收起↑