高考英语易错易混知识清单(学案)

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高考英语易错易混知识清单(学案)

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高考英语易错易混知识清单
一、易混介词(最高频改错坑)
1. beside / besides / except / except for
- beside:在……旁边
- besides:除了…还有(包含在内);此外
- except:除了…之外(不包含)
- except for:整体美,局部瑕疵
2. across / through / over
- across:表面穿过(过马路、过河)
- through:内部穿过(穿森林、隧道、窗户)
- over:从上方越过(越过墙、山)
3. since / for
- since + 时间点(since 2020)
- for + 时间段(for 3 years)
4. in / on / at(时间搭配)
- at:具体时刻(at 6 o’clock)
- on:具体某一天、星期、节日(on Monday, on the morning of May 1)
- in:年、月、季节、泛指早中晚(in May, in the morning)
5. by / with / through
- by + 交通工具/方式(by bus, by doing)
- with + 工具、身体器官(with a pen, with hands)
- through:通过某种途径、媒介
二、易混连词 & 从句引导词
1. that / which(定语从句必考)
- 只能用that:先行词有人又有物;先行词被all, every, no, much, little, nothing修饰;有序数词、最高级修饰。
- 只能用which:介词后;非限制性定语从句(逗号后)。
2. what / that
- that:不充当成分,只起连接作用,从句完整
- what:充当主语/宾语,从句缺成分
例:It is clear that he is right.(句子完整)
I don’t know what he wants.(缺宾语)
3. if / whether
- 通用:是否
- 只能用whether:①介词后 ②不定式to前(whether to do)③与or not连用 ④主语从句位于句首
4. because / since / as
- because:直接原因,回答why,语气最强
- since:既然(已知原因)
- as:由于,众所周知原因,语气最弱
5. while / when / as
- when:点时间、段时间都可;突然(be doing when)
- while:只能段时间,主句从句多进行时;然而(对比)
- as:一边…一边;随着;正如
三、易混动词短语(完形+单选重灾区)
(一)look 系列
- look up:查阅(字典);抬头
- look into:调查
- look through:浏览;仔细检查
- look forward to:期待(to是介词,后+doing)
- look after:照顾
- look out:小心
(二)make 系列
- make out:辨认出;理解
- make up:编造;组成;化妆;弥补
- make up for:补偿
- make sense:有意义,讲得通
(三)take 系列
- take up:占据(时间空间);开始从事
- take off:起飞;脱下;事业腾飞
- take on:雇佣;承担
- take over:接管
- take in:吸收;理解;欺骗
(四)put 系列
- put up:张贴;搭建;举起
- put off:推迟(+doing)
- put out:熄灭;出版
- put away:收好,放好
(五)give 系列
- give up:放弃(doing)
- give in:屈服,让步(to sb)
- give out:分发;耗尽
- give away:赠送;泄露
(六)turn 系列
- turn up:出现;调高音量
- turn down:调低;拒绝
- turn out:结果是;证明是
- turn to:求助于;转向
四、易混动词(词性、及物不及物、语态大坑)
1. rise / raise
- rise 不及物:上升、升起(太阳、物价上涨),无被动
- raise 及物:举起;饲养;筹集;提高,有被动
2. lie / lay(高考第一易错词)
- lie (lied, lied) 说谎
- lie (lay, lain) 躺;位于
- lay (laid, laid) 放置;下蛋
3. sit / seat
- sit 不及物:坐
- seat 及物:使就座;容纳(be seated=坐着)
4. affect / effect
- affect v. 影响
- effect n. 影响;效果(have an effect on)
5. accept / receive
- receive:客观收到
- accept:主观接受
6. arrive / reach / get
- arrive + at/in
- reach 及物,直接加地点
- get + to + 地点
7. spend / cost / take / pay
- sb spend time/money (in) doing / on sth
- sth cost sb money
- It takes sb time to do sth
- sb pay money for sth
五、易混形容词&副词(改错必考:形容词修饰名词,副词修饰动/形/句)
1. hard / hardly
- hard:努力地;坚硬的;猛烈地
- hardly:几乎不(否定含义)
2. late / later / latest / lately
- late 晚的,迟的
- later 后来;稍后
- latest 最新的;最迟的
- lately 最近(=recently)
3. near / nearly
- near 靠近(介词/adj)
- nearly 几乎,差不多
4. too much / much too
- too much + 不可数名词:太多
- much too + 形容词/副词:太……
5. some time / sometime / sometimes / some times
- sometimes 有时
- sometime 某时
- some time 一段时间
- some times 几次
6. alone / lonely
- alone 独自(客观);单独
- lonely 孤独的(情感);荒凉的
7. worth / worthy
- be worth doing 值得做(主动表被动)
- be worthy of being done / be worthy to be done
六、名词易混 & 单复数易错
1. cause / reason
- reason:原因,理由(reason for);搭配 why 从句
- cause:起因;导致(造成后果)
2. way / method / means
- way:方法(way to do / of doing)
- method:系统方法
- means:方式(单复数同形)by means of
3. custom / habit
- habit:个人习惯
- custom:社会风俗;习俗
4. tour / travel / trip / journey
- trip 短途旅行
- journey 长途陆路行程
- tour 周游、观光
- travel 泛指旅行(不可数)
七、高频语法易错点(短文改错100%会考)
1. to 是介词还是不定式
后面必须+doing的高频短语(to为介词):look forward to, devote…to, get used to, pay attention to, object to, stick to
2. 主谓一致大坑
- neither…nor… / either…or… / not only…but also… 就近原则
- as well as, together with, along with, rather than 就前原则(谓语看前面主语)
3. 非谓语动词超级易错
- stop to do 停下来去做另一件事
- stop doing 停止正在做的事
- remember to do 记得要做(未做)
- remember doing 记得做过(已做)
- forget to do 忘记要做
- forget doing 忘记做过
- try to do 努力做
- try doing 尝试做
4. 虚拟语气易错
- would rather (that) 从句:过去用had done,现在/将来用过去式
- It is (high) time that 从句:过去式 / should do(should不能省)
- suggest, order, require 等宾语从句:(should) + 动词原形
5. 冠词 a / an / the / 零冠词
- a + 辅音音素;an + 元音音素(看发音不看字母)
- 三餐、球类、棋类不加the;乐器加the
- 独一无二事物(sun, moon)加the
6. 代词易错
- it 指代同名同物;one 同名异物单数;ones 复数
- that 代不可数/单数名词;those 代复数名词
- its 它的;it’s = it is
八、固定句型易混易错
1. so…that… / such…that…
- so + adj./adv. + that
- such + (a/an) + adj. + n. + that
2. so that / such that
- so that 以便;为了(目的状语)
3. It is + adj. + for sb to do / of sb to do
- of sb:形容人品质(kind, nice, stupid, clever)
- for sb:形容事情性质(important, necessary, hard)
4. There is no need…
- There is no need to do(不是doing)
5. cannot help
- cannot help doing 情不自禁
- cannot help (to) do 不能帮忙做
九、易混固定搭配(极易写错)
1. depend on 依靠;取决于(不能直接加句子)
2. prevent/stop sb (from) doing 阻止某人做;keep sb from doing(from不能省)
3. compare A with B 把A和B比较;compare A to B 把A比作B
4. prefer to do rather than do 宁愿…而不愿
5. be proud of = take pride in
6. in charge of 负责(人主事);in the charge of 由…负责(物被管理)
十、完形高频易混连词辨析
- however 然而(逗号隔开)
- therefore 因此
- besides 此外
- otherwise 否则
- instead 代替
- though 尽管;然而(放句末)
- meanwhile 同时
- moreover 而且
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