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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高考英语阅读CD篇解题技法专项突破
Ⅰ介绍说明类
Step1: 紧抓首段关键词,识别篇章类型 侧重 “功能、应用、前景” 2025年淄博一模D篇 【1】The emergence of de-inking printers represents an advancement of printing technology and paper recycling, addressing one of the most pressing environmental challenges of our time. （第1题区间）For decades, conventional printing processes have been linked to substantial paper waste, with millions of tons of paper being consumed annually—often used just once before being thrown away. 【2】The innovative de-inking printer operates through a combination of advanced technologies. Using an advanced sensor system, it first identifies the presence of ink on the surface of the paper. Subsequently, a high-intensity laser(激光) is precisely directed to target and vaporize(汽化) ink effectively,（第2题区间） removing them without causing any damage to the paper fibers. 【3】One of the most remarkable advantages of this technology lies in its potential to reduce overall paper consumption. By enabling the reuse of printed materials through effective ink removal, it significantly reduces the demand for newly produced paper. This shift not only preserves natural resources but also plays a crucial role in reducing carbon emissions associated with the paper production. 【4】From an economic perspective, the adoption of de-inking printers presents long-term financial advantages. Although the initial investment in purchasing and installing the printer may be relatively high, the long-term savings from reduced paper and ink purchases can be substantial. 【5】However, the widespread adoption of de-inking printers is not without its challenges. The technology requires further improvements to enhance de-inking efficiency and ensure that the quality of recycled paper meets industry standards. Additionally, there exists a significant barrier in terms of user acceptance: many individuals and organizations remain accustomed to using new paper and may be reluctant to recycled alternatives, even when they are of comparable quality.（第3题区间） 【6】In conclusion, the de-inking printer stands as a ray of hope for achieving a more sustainable future within the printing industry. With continued technological advancements and growing environmental awareness, this technology has the potential to transform the industry, contributing to a more eco-friendly and resource-efficient world.（第4题区间） 1.What is the de-inking printer aimed at D A．Recycling the used ink. B．Producing recyclable paper. C．Improving the printing speed. D．Reducing the waste of resources. 2.How does the de-inking printer remove ink from paper B A．By adding chemicals into the ink. B．By combining sensors and lasers. C．By converting paper into new materials. D．By using laser to burn letters on the paper. 3.What blocks the broad application of de-inking printer C A．It can only be used with special ink. B．It is too large to be used in most offices. C．People are unwilling to use recycled paper. D．Users find it complex to understand. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards de-inking printer A A．Optimistic. B．Doubtful. C．Neutral. D．Negative.
Tips: 介绍说明类文章中，以下句式表达文章主旨： 1. In recent years, a new concept/technology/product has emerged. 2. With the rapid development of..., ... has become a common problem. 3. Compared with the conventional..., the newly developed... has several remarkable features. 4. How can we solve the problem of... A new discovery may hold the key.
Step2: 总结段落大意，识别篇章结构
Discourse Structure (篇章结构) P1: Introduce the new thing
P2:Technical principle
P3: Environmental advantage
P4: Economic advantage
P5: Challenges and a barrier
P6: Future development
Step 3: 利用篇章结构定位信息段
1.What is the de-inking printer aimed at 2.How does the de-inking printer remove ink from paper 3.What blocks the broad application of de-inking printer 4.What is the author’s attitude towards de-inking printer P1: Introduce the new thing
P2:Technical principle
P3: Environmental advantage
P4: Economic advantage
P5: Challenges and a barrier
P6: Future development
Step 4: 阅读题干，定位信息
2.How does the de-inking printer remove ink from paper A．By adding chemicals into the ink. B．By combining sensors and lasers. C．By converting paper into new materials. D．By using laser to burn letters on the paper. 【2】The innovative de-inking printer operates through a combination of advanced technologies. Using an advanced sensor system, it first identifies the presence of ink on the surface of the paper. Subsequently, a high-intensity laser(激光) is precisely directed to target and vaporize(汽化) ink effectively, removing them without causing any damage to the paper fibers.
Step 5: 甄别选项，有效运用技巧
正确选项特征 干扰选项的典型特征
同义替换 (与原文信息 “换词不换意”) 偷换概念
有据可依 (严格对应原文细节或主旨) 无中生有
逻辑一致 (与原文情感、态度、因果关系匹配) 片面绝对
适度概括 (避免 “过于绝对” 或 “过于具体”) 逻辑颠倒
偷梁换柱
总结：介绍说明类说明文
介绍新方法/新科技General introduction （an object /invention/a project/plan/ debate/ theory/policy） 一种可以用于监测放牧牛健康状况的机器人 介绍麻省理工学院的工程师开发出的一种发光植物 介绍英国政府对软饮制造商征收“糖税”的政策 介绍一种自己可以亲手制作简易太阳能蒸馏器的方法 介绍3D打印技术在食物的应用上取得的进展和挑战 介绍美国国家航空航天局针对高中生实施的HUNCH计划。 介绍无人机在铁路巡检领域的应用 介绍一种正在开发中的，可以用于监测放牧牛健康状况的机器人 具体介绍Specific introduction Background - 背景 Context 背景；语境；上下文 Definition -定义 Concept 概念；理念 Explanation 解释；说明 Function 功能；作用 Role 作用；角色 Purpose 目的；意图 Advantages and disadvantages 优势与劣势；利弊 Cause and effect 因果关系；原因与结果 Application - 应用；实际应用 总结 Conclusion Comment 评论；评述 Attitude 态度；看法 Positioning 定位（侧重事物的核心定位 / 角色） Impact 影响（通用型，可指积极或消极影响） Significance 意义；重要性 Improvement 改进；改善 Prospect 前景；展望（侧重未来发展趋势）
Ⅱ研究报告类
Step1: 紧抓首段关键词,识别篇章类型 以实验数据为支撑，论证某一观点 2024新高考Ⅰ卷D篇 【1】In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. （第1题区间）Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. 【2】“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable ”（第2题区间） 【3】Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. 【4】 “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.（第3题区间） 【5】 Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. 【6】What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity 【7】“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”（第4题区间） 1. What do we know about the records of species collected now B A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 2. What does Daru’s study focus on C A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens. C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications. 3. What has led to the biases according to the study C A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices. 4. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps D A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.
Tips: 研究报告类文章中，以下句式表达文章主旨： 1. Researchers have found that... 2. According to a study... 3. A recent research shows that.... 4. A new study conducted by...has shown that...
Step2: 总结段落大意，识别篇章结构
Discourse Structure (篇章结构) P1: Introduction
P2: The reasons
P3: Methods
P4:Subjects
P5: Results
P6-7: Suggestions
Step3: 利用篇章结构定位信息段
1.What do we know about the records of species collected now 2.What does Daru’s study focus on 3.What has led to the biases according to the study 4.What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps P1: Introduction
P2: The reasons
P3: Methods
P4:Subjects
P5: Results
P6-7: Suggestions
Step4: 阅读题干，定位信息
4. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps A. Review data from certain areas B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. 【7】“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
Step 5: 甄别选项，有效运用技巧
正确选项特征 干扰选项的典型特征
同义替换 (与原文信息 “换词不换意”) 偷换概念
有据可依 (严格对应原文细节或主旨) 无中生有
逻辑一致 (与原文情感、态度、因果关系匹配) 片面绝对
适度概括 (避免 “过于绝对” 或 “过于具体”) 逻辑颠倒
偷梁换柱
总结：研究报告类说明文
引入研究 Introduction 研究与捉迷藏相关的儿童心理发展实验 研究调研多少分贝的噪音最有利于人们的创造性思维的发展 研究表明狗能够识别人类的面部表情 研究表明凤头鹦鹉具备相当于人类2岁幼儿的形状识别能力 研究过程 Research process Background - 背景 Purpose - 目的 Method - 方法 Problem - 问题 Object - 对象（研究 / 讨论对象） Data - 数据 结果分析 Analysis Result/ Outcome结果 Finding研究发现 Data/ Statistic数据 Evidence证据 Analysis分析 Infer推断 Evaluation评估 Assessment评估 Comparison对比 Reveal揭示 Explain /Interpret解释；阐释 imply暗示;意味着 Conclude得出结论 Lead to导致 Show/Suggest/Indicate/Illustrate表明 Prove/Demonstrate/Illustrate证明；显示 Result in导致;造成 总结 Conclusion Prospect - 前景 Impact - 影响 Significance - 意义 Evaluation - 评价 Future direction - 未来方向 Shortcoming - 不足
Ⅲ社会现象类
Step1: 抓首段关键词，识别篇章类型 普遍存在的社会行为 / 趋势（如 “短视频成瘾” “ 青少年抑郁”）,侧重 “成因、影响、对策”.
Tips: 现象分析类文章中，以下句式表达文章主旨： In recent days, there has been a noticeable trend of... 2. Nowadays, it is common to see the phenomenon of... 3. Have you ever noticed the phenomenon that... 4. While most people are familiar with..., a new and rather strange phenomenon has emerged. 【1】Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s "me" time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone. 【2】A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half（53 percent）have breakfast alone and nearly half（46 percent）have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.（第1题区间） 【3】"I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know " Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. "Today, I just wanted some time to myself," she said.（第2题区间） 【4】Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction（交流）.（第3题区间） "I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week," he said. "It's a chance for self-reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan." 【5】That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. "It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology," said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report. 1. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about B A. Food variety. B. Eating habits. C. Table manners. D. Restaurant service. 2. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch C A. To meet with her coworkers. B. To catch up with her work. C. To have some time on her own. D. To collect data for her report. 3. What do we know about Mazoleny D A. He makes videos for the bar. B. He’s fond of the food at the bar. C. He interviews customers at the bar. D. He’s familiar with the barkeeper. 4. What is the text mainly about A A. The trend of having meals alone. B. The importance of self-reflection. C. The stress from working overtime. D. The advantage of wireless technology.
Step2: 总结段落大意，识别篇章结构
Discourse Structure (篇章结构) P1:Introduce the phenomenon
P2: Data Support
P3: Reasons: Example 1
P4: Reasons: Example 2
P5: Core Reason Analysis
Step3: 利用篇章结构定位信息段
1. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about 2. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch 3. What do we know about Mazoleny 4. What is the text mainly about P1:Introduce the phenomenon
P2: Data Support
P3: Reasons: Example 1
P4: Reasons: Example 2
P5: Core Reason Analysis
Step4: 阅读题干，定位信息
3. What do we know about Mazoleny A. He makes videos for the bar. B. He’s fond of the food at the bar. C. He interviews customers at the bar. D. He’s familiar with the barkeeper. 【4】Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction（交流）. "I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week," he said. "It's a chance for self-reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan."
Step 5: 甄别选项，有效运用技巧
正确选项特征 干扰选项的典型特征
同义替换 (与原文信息 “换词不换意”) 偷换概念
有据可依 (严格对应原文细节或主旨) 无中生有
逻辑一致 (与原文情感、态度、因果关系匹配) 片面绝对
适度概括 (避免 “过于绝对” 或 “过于具体”) 逻辑颠倒
偷梁换柱
总结：社会现象类说明文
引出现象 General introduction 已经被疫苗消灭的麻疹近日有回归的趋势 分析加利福尼亚州从90年代以来大树不断消失的现象和原因 解说由于气候变暖,世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿的现象。 随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少的现象 司机开车使用手机问题愈演愈烈 英国民众烹饪习惯因美食节目改变 交通运输领域碳排放问题突出 城市行人流动性下降，汽车使用占主导的现象 分析现象 Phenomenon Analysis Cause (psychological, social, technological) - 原因（心理、社会、技术） Form of expression - 表现形式 Advantages and disadvantages - 优缺点 View / Opinion - 看法 Measure / Measure taken - 措施 总结 Conclusion Attitude - 态度 Solution - 解决方案 Appeal - 呼吁 Suggestion / Recommendation - 建议 Evaluation - 评价 Future development - 未来发展
高考英语阅读说明文高频词汇（按功能分类）
一、定义与概念类（解释核心术语/现象）
明确定义类: define（定义）、refer to（指的是）、mean（意味着）、be defined as（被定义为）、refer to...as...（把…称作…）、term...as...（将…称为…）、stand for（代表）、be referred to as（被称为） 概念/术语类（术语、概念、观念）: term（术语）、concept（概念）、notion（观念）、idea（想法）、principle（原理） 分类/范畴类: category（类别）、classification（分类）、category（类别）、classification（分类）、category system（分类体系）、category division（分类） 真题搭配：be defined as a kind of environmental protection measure（被定义为一种环保措施）、the term "digital minimalism" refers to...（“数字极简主义” 这一术语指的是……）
二、因果关系类（分析原因/结果）
原因类（表原因、由于、多亏）: because（因为）、since（由于）、as（因为）、due to（由于）、owing to（因为）、thanks to（多亏）、reason（原因）、factor（因素） 因果推导类（表由…引起、导致、促成）: result from（由…引起）、result in（导致）、lead to（导致）、contribute to（促成,有助于）、cause（引起）、make a difference to（对…产生影响/带来改变）、have an impact/influence on（对…有影响）facilitate（促进）、promote（促进）、prevent...from（阻止…做）、discourage（阻碍；使气馁）、restrict（限制）、limit（限制） 结果承接类（表因此、所以、结果）: thus（因此）、therefore（因此）、hence（因而）、as a result（结果）、consequently（因此）、accordingly（因此）、effect（影响）、consequence（后果）、bring about（引发;导致） 真题搭配：food waste results from improper storage（食物浪费由储存不当引起）、climate change contributes to the decline of biodiversity（气候变化促成生物多样性减少）
三、转折关系类
核心词汇：but（但是）、however（然而）、yet（然而/却）、while（然而）、whereas（然而）、on the contrary（相反）、in contrast（相比之下）、instead（反而/代替）、nevertheless（尽管如此）、though（虽然）、although（虽然）、despite（尽管）、in spite of（尽管）、rather than（而不是） 隐含转折: in fact（事实上）、today（如今）、now（现在）、suddenly（突然）、unfortunately（不幸的是）、actually（实际上）、surprisingly（令人惊讶的是）、unexpectedly（出乎意料地） 真题搭配：1.前文 “People think British food is boring（人们觉得英国食物单调）”→ 后文 “In fact, it’s adventurous（事实上更具探索性）” 2. 前文 “The experiment went smoothly（实验顺利）”→ 后文 “Suddenly, a problem emerged（突然出现问题）” 3. 前文 “We expected good results（我们预期效果好）”→ 后文 “Unfortunately, it failed（不幸的是失败了）”
四、对比与比较类（突出差异/共性）
相似/类比类: similar（相似的）、similarly（相似地）、like（像…一样）、just as（正如/就像）、same（相同的）、likewise（同样地）、in the same way（以同样的方式）、the same as（与…相同）、as...as...（和…一样…） 差异/对比类: compare（对比）、contrast（对比）、different（不同的）、differently（不同地）、difference（差异）、distinguish（区分）、while（然而）、on the contrary（相反）、in contrast（相比之下）、in contrast to（与…相比）、compared with（与…相比）、unlike（不像）、than（比）、more...than...（比…更…）、less...than...（比…更少…） 例外/取舍类: exception（例外）、rather than（而不是）、previously（先前） 真题搭配：digital reading differs from paper reading in memory effect（数字阅读与纸质阅读在记忆效果上存在差异）、in contrast to traditional farming, micro-farming saves space（与传统农业相比，微农场节省空间）
五、数据与程度类（精准描述事实）
数量上升类: increase（增加）、rise（上升）、improve（改善）、enhance（增强） grow（增长）、surge（激增）、soar（飙升）、climb（攀升）、boost（提升）、expand（扩大）、rise by（上升了…）、rise to（上升到…）、increase by（增加了…）、increase to（增加到…） 数量下降类: decrease（减少）、fall（下降）、reduce（降低）、 drop（下降）、decline（下降）、shrink（缩小；减少）、cut（削减）、fall by（下降了…）、fall to（下降到…）、decline by（减少了…） 占比 / 比例类: account for（占比）、make up（占）、percentage（百分比）、proportion（比例）、majority（大多数）、minority（少数）、most（大部分）、some（一些）、comprise（包含）、account for a large/small proportion of（占很大 / 小比例）、the vast majority of（绝大多数）、a large/small number of（大量 / 少量）、a great deal of（大量）、a majority of（大多数）、a minority of（少数） 程度 / 范围限定类（表 “大约、精确、范围”）: approximately（大约）、nearly（几乎）、about（大约）、exactly（精确地） roughly（大约）、around（大约）、more or less（大致）、precisely（精确地，）、accurately（准确地）、totally（完全地）、completely（完全地）、partly（部分地）、mostly（主要地）、largely（主要地）、to some extent（在某种程度上）、to a large degree（在很大程度上） 真题搭配：account for 25% of total carbon emissions（占碳排放总量的 25%）、the number of participants has increased by 30%（参与者数量增加了 30%）
六、解释与说明与类（阐述细节/原理）
1. 证明/表明类: prove（证明）、demonstrate（证明）、show（表明）、indicate（表明）、reveal（揭示）、verify（证实）、confirm（确认）、display（显示）、reflect（反映）、exhibit（显示）、establish（确立） 2. 解释/澄清类: explain（解释）、clarify（澄清） interpret（解释）、account for（解释…的原因）、justify（证明…合理）、make clear（阐明） 3. 说明/例证类: illustrate（说明）、detail（详述）、cite（引用）、quote（引用）、specify（具体说明）、outline（概述） 4. 呈现/描述类:present（呈现）、describe（描述）、introduce（介绍）、outline（概述）、summarize（总结）、convey（传达）、introduce...to...（向…介绍…） 5. 强调 / 凸显类: underline（强调） emphasize（强调）、highlight（强调）、stress（强调）、lay emphasis on（强调）、call attention to（引起注意） 真题搭配：the study reveals that paper reading is more effective for deep learning（研究表明纸质阅读对深度学习更有效）、the passage illustrates how to reduce microplastic pollution（文章说明了如何减少微塑料污染）
七、观点与态度类（表达客观评价）
明确表达观点：argue（主张/认为）、believe（相信/认为）、consider（认为）、hold the view/opinion/belief that（持…观点）、point out（指出）、make clear（阐明）、clarify（澄清/阐明）、note（着重提到/强调）、emphasize（强调）、highlight（强调）、prioritize（优先处理）、focus on（聚焦）、concentrate on（集中）、center on（以…为核心）、oppose（反对）、object to（反对）、disagree with（不同意）、disapprove of（不赞成）、reject（拒绝）、refuse（拒绝）、decline（婉拒）、deny（否认）、contradict（与…矛盾）、argue against（反对）、be opposed to（反对）、reject（反对）、be resistant to（抵抗的 ） 声称/断言：claim（声称）、assert（断言）、state（陈述;表明） 怀疑/质疑：suspect（怀疑是）、doubt（怀疑）、question（质疑） 表明/暗示：show（表明）、indicate（表明）、imply（暗指/表明）、reveal（揭示/显示）、demonstrate（证明）、illustrate（说明/解释） 发现/证实：find（发现）、find out（查明）、discover（发现）、confirm（证实）、report（报道）、uncover(发现;揭露) 提出/建议/结论：suggest（建议）、propose（提出建议）、conclude（得出结论）、advise（建议）、recommend（推荐） 引用他人观点：according to（根据）、said（说）、quote（引用） 情感态度（主观倾向）：appreciate（赞赏）、hate（厌恶）、against（反对）、favor（支持） 其它形容词： 态度/立场类: positive（积极的）、negative（消极的）、neutral（中立的）、favorable（有利的/支持的）、controversial（有争议的） 认知/判断属性类: objective（客观的）、subjective（主观的）、potential（潜在的） 效果/实用性类: effective（有效的）、ineffective（无效的）、efficient（高效的）、practical（实用的）、impractical（不实用的）、feasible（可行的） 价值/重要性类: beneficial（有益的）、important（重要的）、vital（至关重要的）、crucial（关键的）、significant（有意义的/显著的）、remarkable（非凡的）、insignificant(微不足道的) 、short-lived(短暂的) 、far-reaching(深远的) 真题搭配：researchers argue that this measure is feasible（研究人员认为这一措施可行）、the method is effective in solving the problem（这种方法在解决问题上是有效的）
八、时间与顺序类（梳理过程/发展）
时间顺序—开头/初始: firstly（首先）、initially（最初）、primarily（主要地）、mainly（主要地） 时间顺序—中间/承接: secondly（其次）、then（然后）、next（接下来）、after that（之后）、subsequently（随后）、later（后来/稍后）、afterwards（事后） 时间顺序—结尾/最终: finally（最终/最后）、eventually（最终，经历波折后）、ultimately（最终，强调根本结果） 时间限定/伴随: before（在…之前）、after（在…之后）、during（在…期间）、since（自从）、until（直到）、meanwhile（同时）、at the same time（同时）、over time（随着时间推移）、gradually（逐渐地） 补充/递进类: furthermore（此外）、moreover（此外）、in addition（另外）、besides（此外） 强调/优先级类: above all（最重要的是）、priority（优先事项，名词）、prioritize（优先处理，动词） 本质/核心类: essentially（本质上/根本上） 总结类: in conclusion（总之，短语）、to sum up（总结，短语）、in brief（简而言之，短语） 真题搭配：over time, people's cooking habits have changed greatly（随着时间推移，人们的烹饪习惯发生了巨大变化）、first boil the water, then filter it（先把水烧开，然后过滤）
九.表目的意图类词或短语
目的/意图类（表为了、旨在、打算）: to do（为了…）、in order to（为了…）、so as to（为了；以便）、aim at（旨在）、intend to（打算；意图是）、seek to（试图；寻求）、strive to（努力；力求）、be designed to（为…而设计）、be meant for（旨在…）、be intended for（旨在…; 为…而设计）、the purpose/aim is（目的/目标是）、aim to（旨在；力求）、be aimed at（旨在;针对）、be targeted at（针对；旨在）、plan to（计划）、tend to（倾向于;往往会）、attempt to（尝试）with the purpose of（为了…）、for the purpose of（为了）、in an attempt to（试图） 意愿类（表想要、希望）: want to（想要）、hope to（希望）、wish to（希望）、expect to（期望；预料）、desire to（渴望）、be willing to（愿意）、be eager to（急于;渴望）、look forward to（期待） 特定动机/考量类: in exchange for（作为…的交换）、for the sake of（出于…的缘故）、for fear of（生怕）、in return for（作为…的回报）、on account of（由于）、for the benefit of（为了… 的利益）、in case of（以防;万一） 动作/功能类: guarantee（保证，动词）、expand（扩大，动词）、work out（计算出/解出/解决）、figure out(弄明白;搞清楚) 、ensure（确保）、assure（保证）、enlarge（扩大）、extend（扩展）、calculate（计算）、resolve（解决；决心）、settle（解决） 真题搭配：Scientists carry out experiments to explore the cause of the phenomenon.（科学家做实验以探究该现象的成因）、The measure is intended to ease traffic congestion in the city center.（这项措施旨在缓解市中心的交通拥堵）、The government seeks to balance economic development and environmental protection.（政府试图平衡经济发展与环境保护）
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