2026年中考英语语法专题复习:非谓语动词作状语 用法全解指南(学案)

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2026年中考英语语法专题复习:非谓语动词作状语 用法全解指南(学案)

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2026年中考语法专题复习:非谓语动词作状语用法
全解指南
核心解题口诀(必背)
1. 逻辑主语 = 主句主语(核心原则,解题关键);
2. 主动用 doing / to do / having done;
3. 被动用 done / to be done / having been done;
4. 表目的,优先用 to do;表结果,分顺承与意外;表伴随,用 doing/done。
一、目的状语
核心结构:to do / in order (not) to do(可置于句首或句中)/ so as (not) to do(只能置于句中)
易错警示:in order to 放句首时,否定式 in order not to do 不可遗漏 not;so as to 不可放句首,否定式为 so as not to do。
典型例句:
1. We take notes carefully in class so as to review knowledge better after school.(我们上课认真记笔记,为了课后更好地复习知识。)
2. In order not to miss the first class, he left home ten minutes earlier.(为了不耽误第一节课,他提前十分钟离开了家。)(中考真题改编)
3. She studies hard to get good grades in the final exam.(她努力学习,为了在期末考试中取得好成绩。)
二、结果状语
1. 表顺其自然的结果:用 (thus) doing
说明:主句动作发生后,自然产生的结果,无意外感。
例句:
1. More and more people choose bikes, thus cutting down air pollution effectively.(越来越多的人选择自行车,从而有效减少了空气污染。)
2. The rain kept falling, making the roads muddy and slippery.(雨一直下,使得道路泥泞湿滑。)(中考真题改编)
2. 表出乎意料的结果(高频考点)
(1)与主语为逻辑上的主动关系:用 only to do(多表意外的坏结果)
例句:
1. He searched everywhere for his key, only to realize it was in his pocket.(他到处找钥匙,却发现钥匙一直在自己口袋里。)
2. I have tried, only to receive a polite refusal.(我试过了,结果只得到了一个礼貌的拒绝。)
3. He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.(他匆忙赶到车站,却发现火车已经开走了。)(中考真题改编)
(2)与主语为逻辑上的被动关系:用 only to be done
例句:
1. They invited several experts to the meeting, only to be told none were available.(他们邀请了几位专家参会,却被告知所有人都没空。)
2. The climber kept going forward, only to be stopped by a steep cliff.(登山者继续向前走,却被陡峭的悬崖拦住了去路。)
3. He tried to enter the room, only to be stopped by the guard.(他试图进入房间,却被保安拦住了。)
3. 固定句式(中考必考)
(1)enough + 名词 + to do / 动词/形容词/副词 + enough + to do(足够……)
例句:
1. He has enough confidence to take part in the English speech competition.(他有足够的信心参加这次英语演讲比赛。)
2. The boy is old enough to look after himself.(这个男孩已经足够大,可以照顾自己了。)(中考真题改编)
(2)too + 形容词/副词 + to do(太……以致不能……)
易错警示:当 too 后接 ready, eager, willing 等词时,to do 表肯定含义,如:He is too eager to see his parents.(他太渴望见到父母了。)
例句:
1. The lake is too deep for these young children to swim in.(这个湖太深,这些年幼的孩子不能在里面游泳。)(易错点:swim 后不可漏介词 in)
2. The problem is too difficult for me to work out.(这道题太难了,我解不出来。)
so + 形容词/副词 + as to do(如此……以至于……)
例句:The movie was so touching as to make most audience members cry.(这部电影如此感人,以至于大多数观众都落泪了。)
三、原因状语
1. 与主语为逻辑上的主动关系:用 doing(表主动、进行)
说明:doing 动作与主句动作同时发生,表原因。
例句:
1. Knowing the importance of health, he keeps exercising every day.(因为明白健康的重要性,他每天坚持锻炼。)
2. Being ill, she didn’t go to school yesterday.(因为生病了,她昨天没去上学。)(中考真题改编)
2. 与主语为逻辑上的被动关系,或表动作的完成/状态:用 done
说明:done 可表“被动”“动作已完成”“所处状态”,中考常考状态类用法(如 lost, seated, worried 等)。
例句:
1. Lost in deep thought, he didn’t hear the teacher calling his name.(陷入沉思,他没有听见老师叫他的名字。)(表状态)
2. Written in simple English, the book is easy for teenagers to read.(因为是用简单英语写的,这本书对青少年来说很容易读。)(表被动+完成)
3. Worried about his son’s safety, he stayed up all night.(因为担心儿子的安全,他一夜没睡。)(表状态)
3. 不定式表原因
(1)主语 + be + 表情绪的形容词(如 delighted、excited、anxious、sad、happy 等)+ to do / to be done
例句:
1. We are delighted to hear that our class won the first prize.(听说我们班获得了一等奖,我们非常高兴。)
2. She was sad to be told that she failed the exam.(被告知考试不及格,她很伤心。)
(2)主语 + be + 表主语性质特征的形容词(如 easy、hard、comfortable、pleasant、difficult 等)+ to do
核心易错点:主语与不定式为逻辑上的动宾关系,用主动形式表被动,不可用被动式;且不及物动词后需补全介词。
正误对比:
The chair is very comfortable to sit on.(这把椅子坐起来很舒服。)(不可漏 on)
The chair is very comfortable to sit.
This kind of cloth is easy to wash.(这种布料很容易清洗。)
This kind of cloth is easy to be washed.
四、时间、伴随、方式、条件、让步状语等
1. 与主语为逻辑上的主动关系:用 doing(表主动、进行,与主句动作同时发生)
例句:
1. Walking along the river, he came up with a good idea.(沿着河边散步时,他想出了一个好主意。)(时间状语)
2. He sat at the desk, reading a book.(他坐在书桌前,读着一本书。)(伴随状语)
3. He solved the problem, using a new method.(他用一种新方法解决了这个问题。)(方式状语)
2. 与主语为逻辑上的被动关系:用 done(表被动、完成)
例句:
1). Left alone at home, the little girl didn’t feel afraid at all.(虽然被独自留在家里,这个小女孩一点也不害怕。)(让步状语)
2). Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful.(从山顶看,这座城市看起来更漂亮。)(方式状语)
3). Given more time, we can finish the work better.(如果给更多时间,我们能把工作做得更好。)(条件状语)
3. 非谓语动作在谓语动作之前发生或已完成:用 having done(主动)/ having been done(被动)(中考高频易错)
核心易错点:having done / having been done 只作状语,不能作定语;强调“先完成非谓语动作,再发生主句动作”,不可与 doing 混淆(doing 表同时发生)。
例句:
1).Having solved all the problems, he handed in his paper ahead of time.(解决完所有题目后,他提前交了试卷。)(主动+先完成)
2).Having been taught English for 10 years, she speaks English fluently.(已经学了10年英语,她英语说得很流利。)(被动+先完成)
3).Having finished his homework, he went out to play.(做完作业后,他出去玩耍了。)
4. 补充:being done 作状语(进行被动,中考常考)
用法:表“正在被……”,强调动作正在进行且与主语是被动关系,区别于 done(表完成被动)。
例句:
1).Being criticized by the teacher, he felt sad.(正在被老师批评,他感到很难过。)
2).Being built now, the bridge will be put into use next year.(这座桥现在正在建造,明年将投入使用。)
五、“从属连词+非谓语动词”结构作状语
核心省略规则:只有满足“① 从句主语 = 主句主语;② 从句含 be 动词”这两个条件,才能省略从句的主语和 be 动词,直接接 doing/done。
1. 表时间的 when/while/once/whenever/until 等 + doing/done
例句:
1).While doing homework, he always keeps his desk tidy and clean.(写作业的时候,他总是保持桌面整洁干净。)(完整从句:While he is doing homework...)
2).When asked about his dream, he said he wanted to be a doctor.(当被问到他的梦想时,他说他想成为一名医生。)(完整从句:When he was asked...)(中考真题改编)
3).Once heated, the metal will expand.(一旦被加热,这种金属就会膨胀。)
2. 表条件的 if/unless 等 + doing/done
例句:
1).If used properly, mobile phones can greatly help with our study.(如果使用得当,手机能极大地帮助我们学习。)(完整从句:If they are used properly...)
2).Unless invited, you shouldn’t go to the private party.(除非被邀请,否则你不应该去那个私人派对。)
3. 表让步的 though/although/even if/even though 等 + doing/done
例句:
2).Though living far from school, he never arrives late for class.(尽管住得离学校很远,他上课从不迟到。)(完整从句:Though he lives far from school...)
2).Even if told the truth, he still won’t believe it.(即使被告知真相,他仍然不会相信。)
六、评论性状语
1. 评价类(表个人观点、整体评价)
generally speaking(总的来说)、judging by/from...(依……判断)、to tell the truth(说实话)、to be honest(老实说)、frankly speaking(坦白说)、honestly speaking(老实说)、strictly speaking(严格来说)、roughly speaking(大致说来)、personally speaking(就我个人而言)、broadly speaking(广义上来说)、to be brief(简而言之)、to be exact(确切地说)、believe it or not(信不信由你)
例句:Personally speaking, I think this method is very useful.(就我个人而言,我认为这个方法很有用。)
2. 条件/假设类
considering/given...(鉴于)、supposing/providing/assuming that...(假定)、provided that...(如果)
例句:Given his age, he did a very good job.(鉴于他的年龄,他做得非常好。)
3. 对比/包含类
compared with…(与……相比)、including…(包括……)、excluding…(不包括……)
例句:Compared with last year, our grades have improved a lot.(与去年相比,我们的成绩有了很大提高。)(中考写作适配)
4. 过渡/补充类
talking of / speaking of…(说到……)、putting it mildly(说得委婉一点)、to make things worse(更糟糕的是)、to begin with(首先)、to sum up(总而言之)
例句:To make things worse, he forgot to bring his textbook.(更糟糕的是,他忘记带课本了。)(中考写作适配)
七、中考专属应试模块
1. 高频易混辨析(单选必考)
(1)doing vs done
- doing:主动、进行、顺其自然的结果、与主句动作同时发生
- done:被动、完成、所处状态、动作先于主句或无明确时间先后
(2)only to do vs only doing
- only to do:出乎意料的结果(多为坏结果)
- only doing:顺其自然的结果
(3)having done vs doing
- having done:主动、动作先于主句完成
- doing:主动、与主句动作同时发生
(4)done vs being done
- done:被动、完成(或状态)
- being done:被动、进行(正在发生)
2. 解题三步法
① 找逻辑主语:确定逻辑主语是主句主语(若不一致,为错误选项,中考常考陷阱);
② 判断主被动:逻辑主语与非谓语动词是主动关系→用 doing/to do/having done;被动关系→用 done/to be done/having been done;
③ 看动作关系:表目的→to do;表结果→分顺承(doing)和意外(only to do);表先后→先完成用 having done/having been done;表同时发生→doing/done;表正在被动→being done。
3. 中考易错陷阱汇总
① 逻辑主语不一致:
如 Looking out of the window, the park is beautiful.(逻辑主语应为“人”,正确:Looking out of the window, we found the park beautiful.)
② 介词遗漏:不及物动词作不定式表性质时,需补全介词
(如 sit on, live in);
③ 混淆 only to do 与 only doing:记住“意外用 to do,顺承用 doing”;
④ 误用 having done 作定语:having done 只能作状语,不能作定语;
⑤ 特质形容词+to do 误用被动:
如 The book is difficult to be read.(正确:The book is difficult to read.)
4. 中考真题改编练习
(1)______ (walk) along the street, I met an old friend of mine.(答案:Walking,时间状语,主动、同时发生)
(2)He hurried to the airport, only ______ (find) the plane had taken off.(答案:to find,出乎意料的结果)
(3)______ (give) more time, we will finish the work on time.(答案:Given,条件状语,被动)
(4)The film is so moving as ______ (make) many people cry.(答案:to make,结果状语,低频考点)
(5)______ (know) that he would fail, he still tried his best.(答案:Knowing,原因状语,主动)
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