资源简介

专题六　读后续写
宏观写作流程
(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)
　　阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I met Gunter on a cold,wet and unforgettable evening in September.I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference.Due to a big storm,my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half.I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague.The moment I got off the plane,I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought.
That was when I met Gunter.I told him where I was going,but he said he hadn’t heard of the bus station.I thought my pronunciation was the problem,so I explained again more slowly,but he still looked confused.When I was about to give up,Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend.After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century,Gunter put his phone down and started the car.
Finally,with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station.Thankfully,there was a long queue (队列) still waiting to board the bus.Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus,turned around,and looked at me with a big smile on his face.“We made it,” he said.
Just then I realised that I had zero cash in my wallet.I flashed him an apologetic smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard.He tried it several times,but the card machine just did not play along.A feeling of helplessness washed over me as I saw the bus queue thinning out.
At this moment,Gunter pointed towards the waiting hall of the bus station.There,at the entrance,was a cash machine.I jumped out of the car,made a mad run for the machine,and popped my card in,only to read the message:“Out of order.Sorry.”
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Paragraph 1:
　　I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.
Paragraph 2:
　　Four days later,when I was back in Vienna,I called Gunter as promised.
[写作指导]
情节线
审要素 When in September
Where in a taxi in Vienna,bus station,the waiting hall
Who I,Gunter
What The author kept his promise and gave Gunter the money,and the two became good friends.
Why After the driver Gunter took the author to the bus station,the author could not pay the taxi fare.
定主题 Theme credit and trust
理双线 情节发展 Gunter took the author to the bus station.→The author couldn’t pay the taxi fare.→They exchanged contact information,and the author promised to pay him back.→The author paid Gunter and thanked him.
情感走向 anxious→disappointed→helpless→grateful
思情节 Para.1 I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. Q1:What did the author say to Gunter next Q2:What was Gunter’s reaction Q3:Did the author get on the bus
Para.2 Four days later,when I was back in Vienna,I called Gunter as promised. Q1:Where did Gunter turn up Q2:Did the author keep his promise Q3:What did the author think about Gunter’s kindness
提表达 高分句型 1.He picked me up at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before.( 运用了where引导的定语从句) 2.Gunter’s kindness had turned a potentially disastrous evening into a memorable story that I would cherish for years to come.(运用了that引导的定语从句)
描写:动作 描写、心理 描写等 1.Following an uncomfortable pause,he simply nodded,saying,“I agree to this arrangement and trust you.” 2.Upon our arrival,we hugged each other like long lost friends.
　　One possible version:
　　I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.I explained to him the urgency of catching the bus,emphasising that otherwise I would be forced to stay overnight and buy a new ticket the next morning.Ultimately,I suggested,“I will return to Vienna in four days.If it’s OK with you,I can pay you then,with an additional 10 euros as a gesture of my gratitude.” Following an uncomfortable pause,he simply nodded,saying,“I agree to this arrangement and trust you.” I thanked him with the biggest smile you can imagine,and we exchanged contact information before I got on the bus.
Four days later,when I was back in Vienna,I called Gunter as promised.He picked me up at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before.Upon our arrival,we hugged each other like long lost friends.When I gave him the extra 10 I had promised,he didn’t accept.“Buy me a beer next time you are in Vienna,” he said with a warm smile.Then we parted ways with a firm handshake and a promise to keep in touch.Gunter’s kindness had turned a potentially disastrous evening into a memorable story that I would cherish for years to come.专题五　应用文写作
考情 分析 1.选材:尽量贴合考生学习生活的真实情景,在实际的中西方文化背景下要求考生完成写作。
2.热点:紧扣高考评价体系的核心目标,重点突出体现德育、智育、体育、美育和劳动教育的主题考查方向和“立德树人”的根本教育任务。
3.变化:①写作体裁形式渐趋多样化,灵活多变,创新性强。 ②写作内容更加重视考生在实践探索中的操作运用能力、语言表达能力和创新思维能力。
4.建议:应用文写作要练习各种文体体裁,在掌握一定的“模板”的基础上,慢慢练成有自己风格的写作句式。另外,积极储备一定的语言知识,以便在考场上能够得心应手地写作。最后,要控制写作时间,争取在15 分钟内一气呵成。
一、应用文写作四步法
二、应用文分类写作架构
邀请信
邀请信是邀请收信人参加某项活动的书信,在写作时,语气要热情真挚,不要强人所难。具体写作结构为:
申请信
申请信有很多种,比如求职申请、加入某组织或活动的申请等。由于此类题目常有较多的文字提示,写作时除应注意格式上的要求外,也应注意审题全面,不能遗漏要点。具体写作结构为:
建议信
建议信是生活中常见的一种文体,是写信人向收信人就某事提出的建议或忠告。建议信要写得简明扼要、目的明确,具有合理性和说服力。具体写作结构为:
倡议书
倡议书是为了开展某项工作,完成某项任务或进行某项活动而倡议大家一起做某事,或提出合理化建议时使用的一种文体。具体写作结构为:
征文投稿
投稿是投稿人根据征稿要求进行写作,所投稿件应紧贴主题,内容应新颖、创新、实用、符合字数要求等。具体写作结构为:
发言稿/欢迎辞/演讲稿
发言稿/欢迎辞/演讲稿是参加会议者为了发表自己的意见、看法等事先准备好的文稿。作为议论文,发言稿/欢迎辞/演讲稿要观点鲜明、条理清楚、语言简洁明快。具体写作结构为:
通知
通知是上级对下级、组织对成员布置工作、传达情况或告诉公众某件事情等情况时使用的一种应用文体,通常分为口头通知和书面通知两种。具体写作结构为:
图表作文
图表作文通常以表格或图形的形式呈现,体裁多为说明文、应用文或议论文。此类题型要求学生根据图表提供的数据和文字内容进行分析与讨论,得出令人信服的结论,或对某一结论进行评述。具体写作结构为:
(2024·全国甲卷)
英语课要求做课堂展示, 请你根据所给图片, 以Development of Transport in China为题写一篇发言稿。
注意:1.词数 100 左右;
2.题目和首句已为你写好。
Development of Transport in China
From the vehicle of horses to today’s convenient transport, Chinese transport has an enormous development.
[写作指导]
第一步　认真审题
文体 发言稿
时态 以一般现在时为主
人称 以第三人称为主
第二步　梳理要点
要点 分三段式 第一段:点明话题——出行方式 第二段:三种出行方式的优点 第三段:总结
第三步　遣词造句
第一段——点明话题
中国的交通发生了显著的变化,让中国人有了不同的出行方式。
Chinese transport has undergone remarkable transformations, giving the Chinese people access to different ways of travelling.
第二段——三种出行方式的优点
1.共享单车已经成为城市交通的象征,为短途出行提供了一种经济实惠、绿色环保的选择。
Shared bicycles have emerged as a symbol of urban mobility, offering an affordable and green alternative for short trips.
2.高速列车的引入大大缩短了旅行时间,使城际旅行更快、更舒适。
The introduction of high-speed trains has dramatically shortened travel times, making intercity travel faster and more comfortable.
3.新能源汽车的普及凸显了中国致力于环境可持续性,减少对化石燃料的依赖。
The proliferation of new energy vehicles underscores China’s dedication to environmental sustainability, reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
4.这些发展表明,中国正在努力建设现代化、高效的交通网络,以平衡便利与环境责任。
These developments illustrate China’s journey towards a modern and efficient transportation network that balances convenience with environmental responsibility.
第三段——总结
简而言之,中国的交通系统正在拥抱创新和生态友好。
In short, China’s transport system is embracing innovation and eco-friendliness.
第四步　衔接成文
Development of Transport in China
From the vehicle of horses to today’s convenient transport, Chinese transport has an enormous development. Chinese transport has undergone remarkable transformations, giving the Chinese people access to different ways of travelling.
Firstly, shared bicycles have emerged as a symbol of urban mobility, offering an affordable and green alternative for short trips. Secondly, the introduction of high-speed trains has dramatically shortened travel times, making intercity travel faster and more comfortable. Lastly, the proliferation of new energy vehicles underscores China’s dedication to environmental sustainability, reducing reliance on fossil fuels. These developments illustrate China’s journey towards a modern and efficient transportation network that balances convenience with environmental responsibility.
In short, China’s transport system is embracing innovation and eco-friendliness.专题二　七选五
考情分析 1.选材:选材广泛,主要以人与社会主题居多。
2.热点:注重生活、学习品质,增强学生自信,如2024年新高考全国Ⅰ卷介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验、心得与乐趣。
3.变化: ①减少了对主题句和过渡句的考查,增加了对细节句的考查力度,考查手法更加隐蔽; ②内容比较抽象,需要细思量句意; ③更注重篇章结构,段与段之间和句与句之间的逻辑关系。
4.建议:突破传统的七选五说明文文体,在平时练习时,同学们可以多关注记叙文类型的七选五。同时,在做题时更多地围绕语境去理解上下文,而不是仅仅从词汇的角度孤立地去选答案,要学会挖掘句际关系,从逻辑的角度来解题。
考点一　设空位置题
　　阅读七选五设空主要有四种位置:段落小标题、段首、段中和段尾。从写作手法上来看,不同位置的句子在文中的作用不尽相同。命题者正是利用设空位置的暗示作用和设空处上下文的提示作用,来考查学生的逻辑思维能力。
1.段落小标题
2.段首设空题
3.段中设空题
4.段尾设空题
考点二　词汇线索题
　　为了表达同一主题,作者在文章中会使用一些相同、相近或反义词汇从不同角度组织表达,还会使用代词指代前面提到的名词,服务于主题。抓住这些词汇线索,就能快速且准确地匹配一些选项。
1.词汇复现法
2.代词指代法
考点三　逻辑关系题
　　逻辑关系是阅读七选五的考查重点,掌握必要的逻辑关系对解题意义重大。常见的逻辑关系主要包括并列递进关系、转折对比关系、解释例证关系、因果关系、总分关系等。
体裁:说明文　主题语境:人与自我——学习方法
(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)
　　Not all great writers are great spellers.If you want to be published,it’s vital to submit a perfect,professionally presented manuscript (原稿).36.　　　 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
正确选项中应含有“对手稿要求无拼写错误的说明”。
I keep two reference books close-by on my desk:dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典).I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.37.　　　 Of course,these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses,but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
从下一句的Of course以及but可知,此处是讲“我不相信电脑的拼写检查器”的原因;注意前文spellchecker是单数。人称也需要前后一致。
38.　　　 It should give you a precise definition of each word,thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar,but not identical.It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
下文提到词典的功能,尤其是should提示正确选项的特征,词典不只是只有使拼写无误这一个功能。
In addition,I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary,picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence.Of course,with its 2,672 pages,it’s not exactly short.It contains around 163,000 words,plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases.39.　　　 However,if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage,there’s nothing better.
由However可知,设空处与下文构成转折关系,there’s nothing better也是提示。
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755.“To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work,” wrote Johnson,illustrating one definition of “dull”.40.　　　 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.
dull和rewarding 形成对比,正确选项应表转折关系。
A.I don’t often use this dictionary.要点:我不经常用这本词典。
B.It takes no account of the context.要点:它不考虑上下文。
C.But I still don’t want to replace them.要点:但我还是不想换。
D.But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.要点:但是读词典是一种乐趣。
E.Of course,a dictionary is not only for spelling.要点:当然,词典不仅仅是用来帮助拼写的。
F.That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.要点:这意味着语法正确并且没有拼写错误。
G.Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information.要点:词典并不总是能给你足够的信息。
语篇解读:本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。
答案及剖析:
36.F　段中设空,上文提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性,手稿中不能有语法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一,下文需要对手稿要求做进一步解释说明→F项要点“这意味着语法正确并且没有拼写错误”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明,符合题意。故选F。
37.B　本段结构为:总—分。上文提到作者不相信电脑的拼写检查器,然后解释不喜欢的原因→B项要点“它不考虑上下文”,符合题意。故选B。
38.E　段首设空,为本段主题句。下文中两个It均指代词典,介绍了词典的两个不同功能→E项要点“当然,词典不仅仅是用来帮助拼写的”引起下文,介绍词典的其他两个功能,符合题意。故选E。
39.A　本段提到“我”还有一本《牛津简明词典》,随后解释此词典的使用情况。根据下文However可知,此处是转折→A项要点“我不经常用这本词典”,是对词典使用频率的说明,与下文构成转折关系,符合题意。故选A。
40.D　本段先提到Johnson说编写词典是乏味的工作,后提到花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验,“dull”与“rewarding”形成鲜明的对比→D项要点“但是读词典是一种乐趣”体现转折关系,符合题意。故选D。专题四　语法填空
考情分析 1.选材:主题广泛,时代性强,注重对审美情趣、生态环保、科学精神、人文情怀的考查。
2.热点:加强各国传统文化题材挖掘力度,体现各国的优秀文化,引导学生尊重传统文化。
3.变化: ①篇幅字数增多,语篇信息量大; ②考查语法知识的难点和易错点; ③不再拘泥于词性考查的数量限制,2024年新高考全国Ⅰ卷考了三个名词:engineering,favourites,richness; ④不再局限于一句设两空,2024年新高考全国Ⅰ卷就出现了一句三空; ⑤加强对熟词生义的考查,例如2024年新高考全国Ⅰ卷中的walk。
4.建议:语法填空重点要关注语法知识的大框架,特别是重要的考点,如动词的考点,词形转换的考点,与此同时也要关注细微易错的考点,如代词、冠词等。平时多阅读各种类型的短文,关注细节。遇到用法精妙的词,一定做笔记,随后多回顾。
1.有提示词做题技巧
2.无提示词做题技巧(考查连词、介词、冠词和it)
3.定语从句四步法
4.名词性从句五方向
5.状语从句两大招
体裁:说明文　主题语境:人与社会——历史文化
(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)
　　Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens.This beautiful structure,named Glasshouse,is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times.
The latest 56.　　　　 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 57.　　　　 (function) structure that is also beautiful.The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝).These sepals open on warm days 58.　　　　 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.In cold weather,the structure stays 59.　　　　 (close) to protect the plants.
Further,the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60.　　　　 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road,by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 61.　　　　 first time.These plants included modern Western 62.　　　　 (favourite) such as rosemary,lavender and fennel.The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road.The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see,too.
The Glasshouse stands 63.　　　　 a great achievement in contemporary design,to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 64.　　　　 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65.　　　　 (rich) of gardening in England.
语篇解读:本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了英国“丝路花园”的整体设计以及其中新建成的玻璃温室,体现了古丝绸之路对英国园林艺术的独特影响。
答案及剖析:
有提示词类:
56.engineering　考查名词。空处用名词修饰名词,短语engineering techniques,意为“工程技术”。故填engineering。
57.functional　考查形容词。空处用形容词修饰名词structure。故填functional。
58.to give　考查动词不定式。分析句子可知,空处用不定式表示目的。故填to give。
59.closed　考查形容词。空处用于stays之后作表语,应用形容词。故填closed。
60.walks　考查时态和主谓一致。walk sb through意为“带领某人穿过……”,空处为本句谓语动词,根据上文可知,时态为一般现在时,主语the Silk Route Garden为单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 故填walks。
62.favourites　考查名词复数。favourite是可数名词,意为“特别受喜爱的东西”,根据空后举例可知,空处应用名词的复数形式。 故填favourites。
65.richness　考查名词。空处跟在定冠词the之后,且空后的of gardening对空处进行限定。 故填richness。
无提示词类:
61.the　考查冠词。固定搭配for the first time意为“第一次”。故填the。
63.as　考查介词。根据句意可知,空处指的是“作为”,应用介词as。 故填as。
64.which/that　考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰表示物的先行词the Silk Route,关系词在定语从句中作主语,用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。专题三　完形填空
考情 分析 1.选材:选材广泛,体现时代气息,语言地道,涉及人物心理活动的细致描写,启迪性强。
2.热点:凸显以文化人的价值导向作用,例如,2024年新高考全国Ⅰ卷完形填空主要讲述了主人公受到他人成就的刺激,盲目跟风,尝试过跑步和骑自行车,最终意识到无论为自己设定什么目标,这些目标都必须切实可行、适合自己。
3.变化: ①篇幅相对稳定,但语篇信息含量减少,信息综合幅度减小,试题的整体难度下降; ②段落内部、段落之间都有明确的逻辑线,条理清晰、紧凑。
4.建议:完形填空要遵循“抓主旨、析文意、理逻辑”的三步骤,结合“浏览、细读和验证”的三方法,明确解题思维的主方向。不仅要广泛练习各类文本语篇,还要夯实基础,多从词汇的方面,特别是围绕“词块”来积累,同时关注上下文的逻辑关系,从宏观的角度解读微观的知识点。
　　完形填空首句一般不设空,设空均匀分布,设题为句内、句组、语篇三个层次。
句内层次题:考查数量6个左右。完形填空中有一半的题目都是基础题目,也就是句内层次题。这些题目完全可以根据掌握的文章大意再结合句内信息顺势答出。
句组层次题:考查数量7个左右。句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目,其解题信息分布在设空处前后的一组意群之中,解题时需瞻前顾后,综合意群信息解答。即根据本句信息不能填,可在设空处前后找信息源。
语篇层次题:考查数量2个左右。解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群,而是分散在一段或几段甚至全篇,这就要求学生理解整篇文章,抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想意图或主人公的心理,然后进行准确的推理、判断,从而做出正确的选择。
★完形填空解题技巧归纳
体裁:记叙文　主题语境:人与自我——个人经历
(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)
　I’ve been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks’ achievements all my life.
When I was a teenager,a neighborhood friend 　41　 a marathon raceFeeling motivated,I started running 　42　,but then two things happened.First,a girl I met one day told me she was 　43　 for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathonThen,the next day I went on my longest run—15 miles.To be honest,I 　44　 it! Between the girl making my 　45　 seem small and the pure boredom of joggingI decided that the only 　46　 I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
So I 　47　 cycling.I got a good bike and rode a lot.I 　48　 of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister.While she was at work one day,I 　49　 her bike and went for a ride.The 　50　:The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time.I’d never faced such 　51　.That day,I got 　52　 by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads.When I got back home,suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as 　53　.
I’ve 　54　 a lot since thenI’ve come to accept that whatever 　55　I set for myself,they just have to be my own.
(　　)41.A.knew B.held C.won D.quit
(　　)42.A.regularly B.silently C.proudly D.recently
(　　)43.A.asking B.looking C.waiting D.training
(　　)44.A.made B.believed C.hated D.deserved
(　　)45.A.advantage B.achievement C.contribution D.influence
(　　)46.A.way B.risk C.place D.reason
(　　)47.A.gave up B.went on C.turned to D.dealt with
(　　)48.A.heard B.dreamed C.complained D.approved
(　　)49.A.painted B.borrowed C.bought D.parked
(　　)50.A.problem B.secret C.principle D.advice
(　　)51.A.dangers B.events C.opponents D.challenges
(　　)52.A.passed B.convinced C.admired D.stopped
(　　)53.A.reliable B.convenient C.familiar D.appealing
(　　)54.A.traveled B.matured C.missed D.worried
(　　)55.A.limits B.dates C.goals D.tests
语篇解读:本文是记叙文。文章详细叙述了作者在不同阶段对不同运动(跑步和骑自行车)的兴趣和经历,这些经历反映了作者的成长和心理变化。
答案及剖析:
41.C　42.A　43.D　44.C　45.B　46.D　47.C　48.B　49.B　50.A
51.D　52.A　53.D　54.B　55.C
Tip 1:利用首句把握主旨
55.C　文章首句点明了别人的成就让“我”喜让“我”忧,因此,故事的结局应该是:别人的成功对“我”不合适,“我”需要有自己的目标。 根据后文“I set for myself,they just have to be my own”可知,此处应是“无论我为自己设定什么目标(goals),它们都必须是我自己的”。故选C。
Tip 2:行文逻辑助力解题
41.C　根据下文“Feeling motivated”可知,作者有了动力,所以此处应是一个邻居朋友在马拉松比赛中获胜(won)。故选C。
42.A　根据上文“Feeling motivated” 可知,作者有了动力,所以应是定期(regularly)跑步。故选A。
43.D　根据下文“referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon”可知,女孩要跑双马拉松,所以为之进行训练(training)。故选D。
46.D　根据“I decided that the only 　46　I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!”可知,只有一只大狗在追“我”时,“我”才会再跑步,此处是跑步的原因(reason)。故选D。
54.B　根据下文“I’ve come to accept that whatever 　55　 I set for myself,they just have to be my own.”可知,作者已经逐渐相信目标应是为自己而设的,所以是成熟了(matured)很多。故选B。
Tip 3:关注语境寻找线索
44.C　根据上文“Then,the next day I went on my longest run—15 miles.”以及下文“Between the girl making my 　45　 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging”可知,作者最长跑了15英里,和女孩一比微不足道,所以讨厌(hated)这个成绩。故选C。
45.B　根据上文可知,作者遇到的女孩正在为52.4英里的马拉松比赛训练,而作者最长跑了15英里。对比之下,作者的成就(achievement)显得很渺小。故选B。
47.C　根据上文“I decided that the only 　46　 I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!”可知,作者决定放弃跑步,所以此处应是转向(turned to)骑自行车。故选C。
51.D　根据上文可知,作者要沿着上坡路骑行好几英里,这对他来说是挑战(challenges)。故选D。
52.A　根据下文“by about 100 ‘local’ bikers who were used to such roads”可知,作者是被“当地”100名左右习惯了这种道路的自行车骑手超过(passed)。故选A。
53.D　根据上文作者那天骑行被大约100人超过可知,此时作者觉得骑自行车似乎不那么吸引人(appealing)了。故选D。
Tip 4:借助常识准确推断
48.B　根据下文“of entering cycle races”可知,此处应是作者梦想着(dreamed)参加自行车比赛。故选B。
49.B　根据上文“I flew to San Diego to visit my sister”以及下文“went for a ride”可知,作者去看妹妹,所以要去骑行的话,应是向妹妹借(borrowed)自行车。故选B。
50.A　根据下文可知,作者要沿着上坡路骑行好几英里,这对他来说,是一个问题(problem)。故选A。第一部分
专题一　阅读理解
考情 分析 1.选材:取材广泛,话题新颖,材料来源仍是主流媒体;语言地道,表达明确,确保语言原汁原味。
2.热点:体现“五育并举”,旨在培养德智体美劳全面发展的人才。
3.变化: ①更加倾向于倡导健康生活,与新时代生活同频的话题; ②词汇更加丰富,含有大量派生词、合成词、熟词生义以及英语习语,词汇量大且长难句多,句子结构复杂。
4.建议:掌握阅读方法。阅读理解要注意精读。高考阅读语篇保留了其原有的语言风格,语言信息十分丰富。复杂语块、一词多义、熟词生义、长难句以及插入语等语言现象比较常见。语篇不只是平铺直叙,而是兼有倒叙、插叙等多种方式;语篇也不仅有直接描写及简单的介绍说明,还有抒情、阐释、比较、评论等多种方式。所以,阅读理解应该从整体入手,了解文章大意、语篇类型、主题语境、作者的写作目的等,然后再过渡到细节的理解。
考点一　细节理解题
　　细节理解题考查考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实或细节的理解,该题型在高考英语阅读中占了较大的比重,考点主要有直接信息题、间接信息题和数字计算题。
1.直接信息题技巧归纳
2.间接信息题技巧归纳
3.数字计算题技巧归纳
考点二　推理判断题
　　推理判断题属于深层次理解类试题。一般在理解原文字面意义的基础上,通过分析语篇的逻辑关系和细节的提示,作出一定的判断和推理。该题型在高考阅读中难度较大。其考点主要有隐含推断题、观点态度题、意图推断题、写作手法题、文章出处推断题和目标读者推断题。
1.隐含推断题技巧归纳
2.观点态度题技巧归纳
3.意图推断题技巧归纳
4.写作手法题技巧归纳
5.文章出处推断题技巧归纳
6.目标读者推断题技巧归纳
考点三　主旨大意题
　　主旨大意题旨在考查考生通过阅读文章正确获取文章的主旨,推断文章的主题、标题、段落大意的能力,即考查考生归纳概括以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。此类题目可分为三大类,即段落大意题、文章大意题和标题归纳题。
1.段落大意题技巧归纳
2.文章大意题技巧归纳
3.标题归纳题技巧归纳
考点四　词义猜测题
　　词义猜测题旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语、句子的本意或外延含义的能力,既可以考查生词意义,也可以考查熟词生义,还可以是对代词所指代内容的判断。
1.代词指代题技巧归纳
2.单词猜测题技巧归纳
3.词组和句意猜测题
考点五　利用文章体裁解题
文体一　应用文
热点话题 话题生活化、实用化和多样化。如产品宣传、服务介绍、活动信息、游览地、招生、招聘等。
语言特点 人名、地名、专用名词多;生词多;缩略词、祈使句、省略句多;结构不完整。
文章结构 多为总分式,形式多样(如图示、表格等),题材各异。
命题角度 其命题角度主要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力,既注重特定细节的筛选、类比、综合,又注重推理判断题的考查,题目设置相对较容易。
文体二　说明文
热点话题 实验报告、产品介绍、场馆介绍、社会现象、选材分析,以及语言文化、人文地理、生物的生存状况等。
语言特点 语言平实,但词汇丰富、灵活,表述地道,句式复杂,专业性词汇略多。
文章结构 总分式(事物说明文常用“总—分”式、“总—分—总”式结构); 递进式(事理说明文由浅入深、形式由表及里、由现象到本质,逐层递进,剖析事理);并列式(文章各部分内容没有主次轻重之分);对照式(通过两个事物的对照和比较说明其异同)。
命题角度 命题角度主要集中在细节理解题或推理判断题。出题人经常在长难句上做文章。
文体三　记叙文
热点话题 新颖、生动、真实、典型、正面的人物介绍,新闻报道同样突出正面人物的品行。
语言特点 有丰富的情感,有浓郁的生活气息,能勾画生活,语言有韵味,有底蕴,有张力。
文章结构 顺叙、倒叙、插叙。新闻报道的形式通常为:标题+导语+正文+结束语。
命题角度 命题角度主要集中在多个事件的先后顺序与人物的情感态度上。新闻报道的题目设置主要为观点推断题;考查语篇衔接,推断某一特定词或者短语的指代内容;考查主旨大意题较多。
文体四　议论文
热点话题 中外广泛关注的社会话题和热点问题,内容包罗万象,社会生活类占据了绝大部分。
语言特点 观点明确、论据充分、语言精练、论证合理,有严密的逻辑性。
文章结构 1.提出论点——分论点1——分论点2——分论点3……——结论; 2.引入段——得出结论——分点论述——结论; 3.提出问题——分析问题——解决问题; 4.提出反面观点——批驳反面观点——提出正面观点。
命题角度 议论文难度相对比较大,命题角度呈多样化,各种题型均有涉及。
体裁:议论文　主题语境:人与社会——社会热点问题
(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷C)
　　Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors,including reduced concentration,an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.提出问题:阅读屏幕上的文本和在纸上阅读文本的理解是否一样
When reading texts of several hundred words or more,①learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen.A large amount of research confirms this finding.The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move ①from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—①to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.点明研究发现:“在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功”。
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties.With paper,there is a literal laying on of hands,along with the visual geography of distinct pages.People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.原因之一:纸张的物理特性
But equally important is the mental aspect.Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory,people approach digital texts ②with a mindset suited to social media,which are often ②not so serious,and ②devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.原因之二:心理方面
Audio (音频) and video can ③feel more engaging than text,and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say,assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.However,psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories,they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.原因之三:在纸上学习,更容易记住内容
Digital texts,audio and video all have educational roles,especially when providing resources not available in print.④However,for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for,educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same,even when they contain identical words.总结:纸上学习效果更佳
(　　)28.What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in Paragraph 2 mean 猜测词义要关注哪些句子
A.Seem unlikely to last.
B.Seem hard to explain.
C.Become ready to use.
D.Become easy to notice.
(　　)29.What does the shallowing hypothesis assume 定义以及解释说明很重要
A.Readers treat digital texts lightly.
B.Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C.People select digital texts randomly.
D.Digital texts are suitable for social media.
(　　)30.Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers 表示原因后果的词或者句子
A.They can hold students’ attention.
B.They are more convenient to prepare.
C.They help develop advanced skills.
D.They are more informative than text.
(　　)31.What does the author imply in the last paragraph 厘清作者的观点以及找准关键的逻辑词
A.Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B.Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C.Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D.Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
语篇解读:本文是议论文。文章主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。
答案及剖析:
28.D　短语猜测题。根据“ learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen”可知,在纸上学习更有成效,以及“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text”推知,此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时,纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意,所以shine through应是“显而易见”之意,与D项意思相近。故选D。
29.A　隐含推断题。根据第四段中“According to this theory,people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media,which are often not so serious,and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.”可知,“shallowing hypothesis”假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态,不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A。
30.A　细节理解题。根据第五段中“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text,and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say,assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.”可知,音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力,所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A。
31.C　隐含推断题。根据最后一段内容可知,尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用,但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时,教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的,即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代,因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C。

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