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Unit 5 Great inventions
Lesson 4 Thank you, Mr Pasteur!
冀教版（2024）八年级
下
1.能够读懂对话，理解“pasteurized”的含义与目的，回答关于概念解释、原因、人物贡献等问题；
2.能够在语境中理解并正确使用与“发明-过程-结果”相关的表达与词汇，并能用目标句型（it was invented by.../It was invented in.../It has made a great difference in.../changed our lives)简要说明发明信息；
3. 能够围绕“发明如何改变生活”进行口头讨论，并写一段介绍性短文，做到观点明确、信息完整、表达有条理。
00
Learning objectives
Warming up
Let's watch a video.
Brainstorm
What can we learn from the video
Inventor
Louis Pasteur
路易斯·巴斯德（1822年12月27日-1895年9月28日）法国微生物学家、化学家，近代微生物学的奠基人,被视为细菌学之祖。 最大贡献：1. 创立微生物致病理论（病菌学说）
证明传染病由微生物引起，否定“瘴气致病”说；奠定现代医学、外科消毒、公共卫生的基础。
2. 发明巴氏消毒法（pasteurization）
将牛奶/啤酒等加热至50–60℃，杀死有害菌、保留风味；至今全球食品工业通用，保障食品安全。
3. 开创疫苗学（免疫学）
研制炭疽疫苗、禽霍乱疫苗、狂犬病疫苗；首创“减毒疫苗”原理，让人类能主动预防致命传染病。
Invention
Brainstorm
What can we learn from the video
pasteurization
巴氏灭菌法（又称巴氏消毒法）是法国微生物学家路易·巴斯德于1862年发明的低温杀菌技术，主要用于杀灭食品中的病原菌并保留原有风味。
目前国际上通用的巴氏高温消毒法主要有两种：第一种是将牛奶加热到62℃-65℃，保持30min。采用这一方法，可杀死牛奶中各种生长型致病菌，灭菌效率可达97.3%-99.9%，经消毒后残留的只是部分嗜热菌及耐热性菌以及芽孢等，但这些细菌多数是乳酸菌，乳酸菌不但对人无害反而有益健康；第二种方法将牛奶加热到75℃-90℃，保温15s-16s，其杀菌时间更短，工作效率更高。但杀菌的基本原则是，能将病原菌杀死即可，温度太高反而会有较多的营养损失
Raw milk has dangerous bacteria and germs.
If the raw milk is pasteurized, it means that it has gone through a process of heating to a certain temperature.
While pouring a glass of milk, Jeremy notices something written on the package.
Pre-reading
Hey, Mum! I just noticed a big word on the carton. PASTEURIZED.
Well, if something is pasteurized,...
Fast reading
What’s the main idea of the conversation
The main idea of the conversation is that Jeremy learns about pasteurized milk from his mum.
Read the passage and answer the questions.
1
A Do you drink milk every day Why
B Do you know how the milk we drink is processed
Yes. Because it gives me calcium for strong bones and teeth.
Yes. They heat it to kill bad bacteria (pasteurization), and then pack it.
What
How
Pasteurized
It has gone through __________________ to a certain temperature.
a process of heating
We must heat milk to ___________________________________ to kill them.
72 degrees Celsius for 15 seconds
Read the conversation again and complete the mind map.
Why
Who
Pasteurized
Raw milk has dangerous __________________ .
bacteria and germs
In the past,people sometimes _________when they drank milk. Some of them even __________________________ .
got sick
died because of the bad bacteria
Louis Pasteur, a __________________ .
French microbiologist
Mr Pasteur was ________________________. His work ___________________ around the world. He was famous for his______________ .
one of the greatest scientists
saved millions of lives
work on germs
Read the passage and answer the questions.
2
A According to the passage, what does the word “PASTEURIZED” mean
B How did people know their milk needed to be heated
C How did Louis Pasteur's work make the world safer
If something is pasteurized, it means that it has gone through a process of heating to a certain temperature.
Many years ago, people sometimes got sick when they drank milk. Some of them even died because of the bad bacteria.
By heating milk to 72 degrees Celsius for 15 seconds to kill bacteria and germs.
While pouring a glass of milk, Jeremy notices something written on the package.
Jeremy: Hey, Mum! I just noticed a big word on the carton. PASTEURIZED. What does it mean
Mum: Well, if something is pasteurized, it means that it has gone through a process of heating to a certain temperature.
Jeremy: Why do we heat milk
Mum: Raw milk has dangerous bacteria and germs. We must heat milk to 72 degrees Celsius for 15 seconds to kill them.
Language points
Underline the key expressions.
包装盒上写的字
纸盒
v. 对…进行巴氏杀菌
现在完成时：have/has+过去分词
go through a process 经历一道工序
加热到特定温度
生牛奶
细菌和病菌
持续15秒
倒
Jeremy: How did people discover that
Mum: Many years ago, people sometimes got sick when they drank milk. Some of them even died because of the bad bacteria.
Jeremy: Wow! Who created this heating process A dairy farmer or a scientist
Mum: It was Louis Pasteur, a French microbiologist. He invented the process around 1864.
Jeremy: That's a long time ago!
Mum: (She nods and adds.) Mr Pasteur was one of the greatest scientists. His work saved millions of lives around the world. He was famous for his work on germs.
Jeremy: (He raises his glass of milk in the air.) Well, here's a toast to you, Mr Pasteur. Thank you for making the world much safer.
发现
get sick 生病
die because of… 因…死亡
发明这个加热工序
乳制品
科学家
微生物学家
大约在1864年
最伟大的科学家之一
数百万的
全世界
be famous for… 因…而闻名
细菌
work on关于...的研究
a toast to sb为某人干杯
While pouring a glass of milk, Jeremy notices something written on the package.
pour /p :(r)/ v. 1）此处指“倒，斟(饮料)”。
2）[不及物动词](雨)倾盆而下；下大雨与pour down同义。
常用短语：1) pour sb. sth. = pour sth. for sb. 给……倒……。还可引申为“倾注情感、精力”。
2) pour... into... 把……倒进……；向……投入……
3) pour down (雨) 倾泻；(液体) 流下
4）pour... over...把...倒在...上面
句
讲
Language points
e.g. Could you pour me a cup of coffee
=Could you pour a cup of coffee for me 你能给我倒杯咖啡吗？
She poured milk into the cup. 她把牛奶倒进杯子里。
He poured his heart and soul into the project.
他把全部心血倾注到这个项目中。
I’m going to pour out the tea for the guest. 我去给客人倒茶。
It's pouring outside.外面下着瓢泼大雨。
谚语It never rains but it pours.不雨则已，一雨倾盆。/祸不单行。
例
go through 的一词多义：(1) 表示“经历(困难、痛苦、变化等) ”，强调过程的持续性或复杂性。
(2) 表示“仔细检查 / 翻阅”。
(3) 表示“通过；获准”。
(4) 表示“消耗完某物”，宾语多为时间，金钱等。
e.g. She went through a difficult time after losing her job.
她失业后经历了一段艰难时期。
Go through your papers before handing them in.
交卷前仔细检查试卷。
句
讲
例
Language points
Well, if something is pasteurized, it means that it has gone through a process of heating to a certain temperature.
process 作名词，意为“过程；流程”。
常用搭配：in the process of doing sth. 在做某事的过程中
a process of... ……的过程
in process 在进行中
process 还可作动词，意为“处理；加工”。
相关词：processed adj. 经过加工的
e.g. We’re still in the process of moving to the new office.
我们还在搬往新办公室的过程中。
Most of the food we buy is processed in some way.
我们买的大部分食品都用某种方法加工过。
讲
例
Language points
discover /d sk v (r)/发现（科学、规律、未知事物）
侧重：科学探索、首次发现
事物一直客观存在，人类以前不知道
find 找到、看见、发觉
侧重：找东西、偶然看到，日常小事
原本就在那儿，只是你之前没看到
e.g. People discovered germs.人们发现了细菌（细菌本来就有）
I find a key.我发现（捡到）一把钥匙。
句
讲
例
Language points
How did people discover that
million / m lj n/数词：一百万
① 前面有具体数字
数字 + million（单数，不加s），不加of
② 前面无具体数字
millions of + 名词复数（加s + of）表：数百万的、许许多多
同类词：hundred 百 / thousand 千 / billion 十亿
e.g. There are millions of birds in the park.
这个公园有数百万只鸟。
This actor has five million fans.这个演员有五百万粉丝。
句
讲
例
Language points
His work saved millions of lives around the world.
toast 1）[名词]干杯；敬酒
a toast to sb.敬某人，和某人干杯
2） toast[名词]烤面包片，吐司
3）[动词]向······敬酒，为······干杯；烘，烤
e.g. I'd like to propose a toast to the bride and groom.
我提议为新娘新郎干杯。
I had a piece of toast for breakfast.我早饭吃了一片吐司。
I toasted the cheese sandwiches.我烤了干酪三明治。
句
讲
例
Language points
Well, here's a toast to you, Mr Pasteur.
1. 经历;检查
2. ..的过程
3. 生病
4. 因为...而死亡
5. 最伟大的科学家之一
6. 上百万的
7. 全世界
8. 因…而闻名
9. 关于...的研究
10.为...干杯
11.因...而感谢
go through
a process of...
get sick
die because of…
one of the greatest scientists
millions of
around the world
be famous for…
work on
a toast to sb
thank you for doing sth
Phrases summary
Read the passage again and complete the paragraph with the correct forms of the words.
3
invent get solve heat kill
Pasteurization is a process that keeps milk safe from harmful bacteria by heating it. In the past, people sometimes ___________ sick or even died after drinking milk. To ___________ this problem, Pasteur __________ the process of pasteurization around 1864. He ____________ the milk to 72 degrees Celsius and kept it at that temperature for 15 seconds. Harmful bacteria and germs in the milk _____________, and the milk became safer to drink.
got
solve
invented
heated
were killed
solve
Retelling time
”Louis Pasteur and his invention pasteurization”
What's your favourite invention
Who invented it
How did it change our
lives
Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions and take notes.
4
Write a passage to introduce an invention.
5
Useful expressions
It was invented by...
It was invented in...
It has made a great difference in my life/our lives.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
审清要点
细心审题
定体裁：说明文
定人称：介绍一项发明，人称为第三人称，表达想法为第一人称
定时态：一般为一般现在时和一般过去时
定语态：被动语态
简单介绍这个发明。
详细说明这个发明的情况。
Beginning
Ending
Body
说出自己的想法。
思路点拨
开头句：
Among all the modern inventions, I think … is the most important one.
I think … is such a great invention.
In my opinion, … is one of the greatest inventions.
中间句：
It was invented … ago.
It was made of/from …
It was used to/for …
This invention can not only … but also …
This invention made it … for sb. to do sth.
句型荟萃
句型荟萃
句型荟萃
句型荟萃
经典名句：
Labor creates the world. 劳动创造了世界。
One of the greatest human qualities is its creativity.
人类最伟大的品质之一便是其创造性。
结尾句：
Thanks to …, our lives have been greatly improved.
Without doubt I like … because …
… play(s) an important part in our daily lives.
Writing
确立篇章
话题引出
（Beginning）
↓
↓
↓
介绍发明
（Main Body）
↓
↓
表达想法
（Ending）
The Greatest Invention
There have been many great inventions that have changed our lives. But the light bulb is the greatest invention in my mind.
It was invented in 1854.It was invented by Thomas Edison. And it is used for seeing in the dark. It's made of glass and looks like a ball.It has brought bright to the world since it was invented. With light bulb, people can do more things than before.
I think it’s a great /useful/invention. I believe that it is a small invention that changed the world. What's more,Thomas Edison was a great inventor. I also want to be an inventor like him.
Key points Check
Good Structure 3’
Good sentences 3’
Correct grammar/spelling 5’
Good logic 2’
Tidy writing 2’
互评
Check List
Small inventions would change
the world.
Be a great inventor!
Change the world!
Homework
基础作业：用合适的词语描述一种自己喜欢的发明创造；
进阶作业：创编一个对话来谈论最喜欢的发明创造。
拓展作业：采访你的家人或同学最喜欢的发明及原因并整理成汇报语篇。
https://www.21cnjy.com/recruitment/home/fine
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