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Unit 5 Great inventions
Lesson 3 Computers and the internet
冀教版（2024）八年级
下
1.掌握核心词汇：research, technology, widely used, convenient, imagine, definition, invention, application, agree with sb等；
2.正确理解和使用被动语态的一般过去时结构，将主动语态与被动语态进行自由转换。理解并识别被动语态的特殊情况。
3. 能够读懂文章，了解电脑与互联网如何改变学习方式，掌握关键信息。
4.感受科技对学习与生活的影响，引导学生理性看待互联网，学会辨别信息的好坏。
00
Learning objectives
Warming up
Let's watch a video.
Computers and the Internet are widely used now.
Brainstorm
What do we often use computers for
shop online
watch movies/films
send or receive emails
take an online course
Brainstorm
do homework search
chat with friends
What do we often use computers for
Today we'll talk about how computers and the internet changed our study.
Students in the past had to look up words in a printed dictionary.
Now students search for everything online with the internet .
□ Take an online course.□ Chat with friends.□ Send or receive emails. □ Do homework search.
other：_____________________
√
Listen to music.
What do you like to do on the computer Tick and talk with your partner.
1
Jenny wants to do her homework on the computer. But her mum is using it.
Pre-reading
Mum, is it okay if I use the computer now
Okay. I just ..
A What does Jenny want to do on the computer
B How did Jenny’s mum do homework when she was a student
Jenny wants to do her homework on the computer.
When Jenny’s mum was a student:
Everything was written by hand on paper.
She looked up words in a printed dictionary (when she didn’t know spellings).
She went to the library for research.
Read the conversation and answer the questions.
2
In the past
(Mum's schooldays)
At present
(Jenny's schooldays)
Differences
Everything ______ ______ ______ hand on paper.
She looked up the new word in ______ ______ ________.
She had to ______ ______ ______ ______ to do research.
Jenny wants to do her homework
______ ______ ________.
Jenny can search for everything ______, and can easily find ______ ______ ________ for any word.
There's always ______ __________ like AI.
was written by
go to the
a printed dictionary
on the computer
online
definitions
new technology
library
and examples
1. Computers were not _____ ______.
2. The internet was not _____ ________ ____
it is now.
1. The technology
helps students a lot with _____ __________.
2.The internet and the computer are ___________ ___________
with many ___________.
widely
as
their
amazing
inventions
applications
used
convenient as
homework
Read the conversation again and complete the mind map.
Jenny wants to do her homework on the computer. But her mum is using it.
Jenny: Mum, is it okay if I use the computer now
Mum: Okay. I just finished my work, so it's all yours. Jenny, you're so lucky to have a computer.
Jenny: Yes, I am. As it's connected to the internet, it has made study and research much easier.
Mum: This technology helps students a lot with their homework. But when I was a student, computers were not widely used. And the internet was not as convenient as it is now. I
Language points
Underline the key expressions.
be lucky to do sth. 做某事很幸运
finish doing sth. 完成做某事
be connected to 与......相连
已经使...（现在完成时态：have/has+过去分词）
n./v.研究；调查
do research查资料做研究
n.技术
help sb with sth在某事上帮助某人
be widely used 被广泛使用
方便的
not as adj as不如...
couldn't imagine having such a convenient tool for getting the job done.
Jenny: Mum, how was homework done in those days
Mum: Well, everything was written by hand on paper. When I didn't know how to spell a word, I had to look it up in a printed dictionary. When I needed to do any research, I had to go to the library.
Jenny: But now with the internet we can simply search for everything online. And there's always new technology, like AI.
Mum: Yes, and you can easily find definitions and examples for any word. The internet and the computer are amazing inventions with many applications.
Jenny: I agree with you on that, Mum.
imagine doing sth 想像做某事
get sth done使某事被完成
in those days在过去，那时候
用手，手写
look up查阅
纸质字典
借助网络
寻找，搜索
释义，定义
应用
agree with sb同意某人 agree on sth赞同某事
After the train came the invention of cars, buses, trucks, and other means of transportation.
be connected to 表示“与……相连”，一般指物理上的连接(如设备、地点) ，be connected with 指抽象意义上的关联(如概念、事物关系) 。
connect 的常用短语：1) connect sth. to... 把某物连接到……上
2) connect sb. with sb./sth. 使某人与某人/ 物有联系
3) connect... and... 使……与……连接
e.g. The village is connected to the city by a new highway.
一条新公路将村庄与城市连接起来。
The Spring Festival is connected with many traditions and customs.
春节与许多传统和习俗有关联。
句
讲
例
Language points
widely 作副词，意为“广泛地；普遍地”，修饰动词，强调范围广或程度深。还可以表示“大大地；很大程度上”，强调程度差异。
常见搭配：widely known 广为人知的 widely accepted 普遍接受的
widely used 广泛使用的
相关词汇：wide adj. 宽的；广阔的 width n. 宽度；广度
e.g. The new technology is widely used in industry.
这项新技术在工业领域被广泛应用。
The two brothers are widely different in personality.
这兄弟俩的性格差异很大。
句
讲
例
Language points
But when I was a student, computers were not widely used.
look up （在词典、参考书中或通过电脑）查阅；抬头看
(1)此处意为“查阅”，可接名词或代词作宾语。宾语如果为人称代词，要放在look和up之间；如果是名词，放在look和up之间或up之后均可。
(2)意为“抬头看”，常和from连用。
look的常见短语：look after照顾 look for寻找 look around环顾 look like看起来像look through快速查看；浏览 look over 查看；检查
e.g. He looked up a number in his phone. = He looked a number up in his phone.他在手机里查了一个号码。
She looked up from her book as I entered the room. 我进房间时，她从书本上抬起头来看了看。
句
讲
例
Language points
When I didn’t know how to spell a word, I had to look it up in a printed
dictionary.
application n. 意为“应用”时，为不可数名词。还可意为“应用程序；申请；申请书”，为可数名词。
常见搭配：application of + 理论 / 方法 ……的应用
make an application (to sb.) for sth.(向某人) 申请某物
submit an application 提交申请
相关词：apply v. 应用；申请 apply for...申请……
apply... to... 把……应用到…… applicable adj. 适用的
be applicable to 适用于……
e.g. I downloaded a useful language learning application.
我下载了一个有用的语言学习应用。
句
讲
例
Language points
The internet and the computer are amazing inventions with many applications.
1. 离家太远
2. 早期，古时候
3. 一辈子生活在...
4. 有能力/权力做某事
5. 能够做某事
6. 跨越长距离
7. 交通方式
8. 提供一种做某事的方式
9. 高铁
10.无人驾驶汽车
11.正在研发中
12....的发展
13. ...的标志
14.为...努力
15.在未来
far from home
in the early days
live one's whole life in...
have the power to do sth.
be able to do sth.
across long distances
means of transportation
provide a way of doing sth
high speed trains
self—driving cars
be in development
the development of
a symbol of
work for
in the future
Phrases summary
Read the sentences, pay attention to the parts in yellow.
3
· But when I was a student, computers were not widely used.
· Everything was written by hand on paper.
When we use the passive voice to say a past thing, we use was/were.
一般过去时被动语态：
主语 + ______________ + ________________
was / were
动词的过去分词
Grammar focus
01
需要突出动作的承受者时，用被动语态。动作的执行者由by引出且置于谓语动词之后，也可省略。
The telephone was invented (by Alexander Graham Bell).
02
03
04
当动作的执行者不必说或不知道时，用被动语态。
The pioneers of different inventions were listed there.
表示“据说，据报道，人们相信”等，常用“It is +过去分词
(said/reported/believed)+ that从句”句型。
It is believed that both of the chairs were repaired by him.
文章的标题、广告、新闻等用语也常使用被动语态。
Teachers Wanted. (省略了are) 招聘老师。
什么时候用被动语态？
时间标志词
表示过去的时间词：yesterday(昨天) , last week/month/year (上周 / 上个月 / 去年) , ago(以前) , in + 过去年份(如 in 2010) , the other day(前几天) 等。
e.g. The museum was opened two years ago.
博物馆两年前开放了。
These photos were taken last summer.
这些照片是去年夏天拍的。
2) 在动词原形后加ed
4) 以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加ed
1) 以不发音e结尾的加d
3) 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加ed
规则动词的过去分词
不规则动词的过去分词
分类记忆不规则变化，如：
AAA型：read – read – read
ABB型：buy – bought – bought
ABC型：see – saw – seen
动词过去分词怎么记？
1.肯定句: 主语 + was/were + V-ed + (by…)
The car was invented by an engineer.
2.否定句: 主语 + was/were + not + V-ed + (by…)
3.一般疑问句: Was/Were + 主语 + V-ed + (by…)
The car wasn’t invented by an engineer.
Was the car invented by an engineer
特殊疑问句: 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + V-ed + (by…)
Who was the car invented by
Yes,it was.
No,it wasn’t.
四大基础句式
主动语态改为被动语态:
The zipper was invented by Judson in 1893.
Judson invented the zipper in 1893.
宾语
主语
谓语
一般过去时的被动语态
主语
by+宾语(宾格)
主动句变为被动句4步骤
1. 主句宾变被句主
2. 主句谓语变被动(be+过去分词)【人称和数随主语的变化，动词的时态不变】
3. 主句主变by加宾
4. 其它成分都不变（定语、状语）
1.The young man saved the lives of the children.
2. The villagers found the lost boy at last.
3. Did you clean up your room last night
4. Cai Lun invented the paper making in Han Dynasty.
将下列句子改为被动语态。
The lives of the children were saved by the young man.
The lost boy was found by the villagers at last.
Was your room cleaned up last night
Paper making was invented by Cai Lun in Han Dynasty.
Exercises
含有动词短语的主动结构变被动结构时，不要漏掉短语中的介词或副词。
01
被动语态注意事项
We handed in our homework last Friday.
→ Our homework was handed in last Friday (by us).
in不能
去掉。
Tips
在含有使役动词make,let或感官动词（see, watch, notice, hear 等）的主动语态 的句子中，这些词后常跟省略to的动词不定式，但是改为被动语态时则要 把省去的to还原。
02
I saw him cross the road yesterday .
→ He was seen to cross the road(by me) yesterday .
My mother made me sweep the floor just now.
→ I was made to sweep the floor (by my mother) just now.
当宾语是双宾语时，可以用物也可以用人来作被动语态的主语，但是当物作主语时，间接宾语（人）前要补上to 或 for.
03
My mother gave me a pencil.
→ I was given a pencil by my mother.
→ A pencil was given to me by my mother.
pass/give/sell/show/bring/lend sth. to sb.
buy/make/cook/ sth. for sb.
记忆：买回来煮和做用for,其它用to。
不及物动词和词组没有被动语态。
04
What happened to Mr. Brown
(happen, cost,take place, run out, come true, fall asleep…)
My dream came true at last.
The book cost Laura twenty dollars.
系动词没有被动语态。
05
This book looks beautiful.
(look, sound, feel, smell, taste, seem, get,grow, become... )
The sofa feels soft.
当动词表主语的属性特征 + 副词 (well/badly/easily...)
06
(read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear...)
This kind of dress sells well.
The kind of cloth washes easily.
其他主动表被动的短语或句型：
07
The room needs cleaning.
The book is worth reading.
be worth doing 值得被做
want/need/require doing 想要/需要被做
=The room needs to be cleaned.
Complete the passage.
3
Yesterday, I found an old book. It was on the top of the shelf. It __________ (cover) by some newspapers. The book __________ (write) by a famous writer. I opened the book and soon I __________ (attract) by a photo in it. It was a photo of my grandfather. Now, many photos __________ (take) on mobile phones. Looking at the old photo, I __________ (bring) back to the time I spent with my kind grandfather during my childhood.
was covered
was written
was attracted
are taken
was brought
Mr Green: What do you think of the internet
Jenny:__________
Danny: I agree with you. Some of the advantages are indeed wonderful.
Mr Green: You’re at right. The internet is used everywhere_________
Jenny:I like to find information about sports and technology.
Danny:I like chatting with my friends online.______
Brian:I like doing research for my homework. There is so much information.___________
Mr Green: Exactly,the internet helps us a lot, but it also has many disadvantages...
A.How does it help you
B.It's important for us to tell the good from the bad
C.I think the world was changed by the internet.
D.The internet is a bridge between us.
C
A
D
B
Read and complete the conversation.
4
分辨好坏
Embrace technology wisely, but never forget the warmth of human connections.
Homework
- 基础：抄写本课重点单词短语，完成对话跟读。
- 提升：写一段5句话的短文，对比“过去和现在的学习方式”，至少用到1个被动语态和1个 not as...as 句型。
- 拓展：思考电脑/互联网的利弊”与同伴进行讨论与续写对话，清晰表达自己的看法。
https://www.21cnjy.com/recruitment/home/fine
Thanks!

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