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英语五种基本句型
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There be 句型
英语五种基本句型列式如下：
基本句型一： Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓）
基本句型二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表）
基本句型三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）
基本句型四： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
基本句型五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ C （主＋谓＋间宾＋宾补）
基本句型 一
Ｓ │ Ｖ （不及物动词Vi）
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
1. The sun was shining.
2. The moon rose.
3. They are running.
4. We all breathe, eat, and drink.
5. Who cares
︱
︱
︱
︱
︱
翻译:
1.他们在唱歌.
2.她跑了步.
3. 他所讲的没有什么关系。
1. They are singing.
2. She ran.
3 .What he said does not matter.
基本句型 二
Ｓ │Ｖ（是系动词）│ Ｐ
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做连系动词。
连系动词的分类：
1.基本形式：Be (am, is, are) 过去式（was, were）
2.“似乎”类：appear，seem等
3.“变化”类：get, grow, become, turn，go, fall等
4.“感觉”类：feel，sound， smell， look，taste等
5. “仍然”类：remain，stay， keep， continue等
This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.
The dinner │smells │good.
3. He │felt │ cold.
4. Everything │looks │different.
5. He │is growing │tall and strong.
6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money.
翻译:
这鱼尝起来味道很好.
他是个聪明的孩子.
他的脸红了。
1 . The fish tasted delicious .
2. He is a clever boy .
3. His face turned red.
基本句型 三
Ｓ │Ｖ（及物动词vt.）│ Ｏ ┃
此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
1. Who │knows │the answer
2. He │enjoys │reading.
3. They │ate │what was left over.
翻译;
1 . 她喜欢唱歌.
2. 我写了一封信.
3.他们想要10 本书.
1 . She enjoys / loves / likes singing .
2 . I wrote a letter .
3. They want 10 books .
基本句型 四
Ｓ │Ｖ（及物vt.）│ ｏ（间宾：人） │ Ｏ（直宾：物）
此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。
通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。
1. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal.
=She │cooked │a delicious meal for her husband .
3. He │bought │you │a dictionary.
= He bought a dictionary for you .
4. I │showed │him │my pictures.
= I showed my pictures to him .
翻译:
他告诉我他的名字.
我爸爸给我买了一双鞋.
He told me his name .
= He told his name to me .
2 . My father bought me a pair of shoes .
= My father bought a pair of shoes for me .
基本句型 五
Ｓ │Ｖ（及物vt.）│ Ｏ（宾语） │ Ｃ（宾补）
此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
1. They │painted │the door │green.
2. They │found │the house │deserted.
3. We │saw │him │out.
翻译:
1 我听见 他在唱歌.
2. 我看见他在看书.
3.他叫我早点回来。
1. I heard him singing.
2. I saw him reading.
3. He asked me to come back soon.
我们发现礼堂坐满了。
We found the hall full.
我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers.
我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe.
There be 句型
There be--- 的构成：
There be + 某物 / 某人 + 某地： There be+ sb+sw 　
表示：某地有某物或某人
E.g 照片里有一个女孩和两个男孩。
1: There is a girl and two boys in the picture.
2: There are two boys and a girl in the picture.
there 是个近视眼----就近原则
be动词单复数形式要跟there be之后的第一个主语保持一致，如果第一个主语是单数或不可数名词用is，如果第一个主语是复数用are。
请使用There be--- 描述下图
There is a cat and two birds in front of the house.
There are two birds and a cat in front of the house.
There is a radio on the desk.
There be--- 的一般疑问句
Is there a radio on the desk
Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.
There are some shoes under the bed.
Are there any shoes under the bed
Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.
规则：
is/are要提前, some 变any,句号变为问号，其他都不变．
There be 句型的否定形式
1. There is a knife in the kitchen.
否定:There is not a knife in the kitchen.
2. There are five apples on the tree.
否定:There are not five apples on the tree.
3. There is some ink in the bottle.
否定:There is not any ink in the bottle.
规则：
be词后面加not, some 变any
isn’t
aren’t
There are not any books in the bag.
=There are no books in the bag.
There are no students in the classroom.
=There are not any students in the classroom.
There is not any milk in the bottle.
=There is no milk in the bottle.
There be否定句型中的not any与no可以互换。
not any强调一个都没有。
There be 句型的特殊疑问句形式
1.对主语提问：
当主语是人的时候，则用who 引导，
当主语是物的时候，则用what 引导。
注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。
如：
There are lots of cars over there.
→What's over there
There is a little girl in the room.
→Who is in the room
2.对地点状语提问：则用where 引导
如：
There is a computer on the desk.
→ Where is the computer
There are four children on the playground.
→Where are the four children
3.对数量提问：一般有两种句型结构：
How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语？
How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？
A: How many birds are there in the tree
B: There are three.
A: How many cats are there in the tree
B: There is only one.
用there be 来回答。
there be句型有时态的变化
1. there be 句型的一般过去时
There was/ were+某物/某人+其他。
思考：什么时候用was,什么时候用were
There ___a teacher and 40 students in the room yesterday.
was
2. there be句型的一般将来时
There will be +sb/sth +其他
There is (are) going to be+sb/sth +其他
There will be a party on Monday.
There is going to be a meeting this afternoon.
There be 句型的其他结构：
There be＋sb.＋doing sth.＋地点/时间
有某人在做某事
There is a baby sleeping in the room.
树上有一只鸟正在唱歌。
There is a bird singing in the tree.
街上有两个男孩正在奔跑。
There are two boys running in the street.
1. There________many monkeys in the mountain.
2. There_______a beautiful garden in our school.
3. There _________some water in the glass.
4. There __________some bread on the table.
5. _________there any maps on the wall
6. There __________twenty desks in our classroom.
7. There__________a bird in the tree.
8. There __________some trees near the house.
9. ________there a cup of tea on the table
10. There_________some apple juice in the glass.
12.There ______a picture and two maps on the wall.
用be动词is / are 填空：
are
is
is
Is
are
is
are
Are
is
is
is
二. 把下例句子改成疑问句:
1. There are four apples on the ground.
一般疑问句:____________________________________
2. There are some birds in the tree.
一般疑问句:____________________________________
3.There are five birds in the tree.
特殊疑问句:____________________________________
Are there four apples on the ground
Are there any birds in the tree
How many birds are there in the tree
三.把下例句子改成否定句:
1. There are two bowls on the table.
否定句:_________________________________________
2. There are some beautiful flowers in the garden.
否定句:__________________________________________
3. There is a tree in the garden.
否定句:_________________________________________
There aren’t two bowls on the table.
There aren’t any beautiful flowers in the garden.
There isn’t a tree in the garden.
按要求改句子(…not any…=…no…)
1. There are not any cats in my family.
=_________________________________________
2. There is not any milk in the bottle.
=_________________________________________
3. There are no teachers in the school.
=_________________________________________
There are no cats in my family.
There is no milk in the bottle.
There aren’t any teachers in the school.
对句子划线部分提问。
3.There are seven days in a week.
4.There are lots of books in our library.
5.There is a woman over there.
6.There is a little milk in the glass.
How many days are there in a week
What’s in your library
Who is over there
What’s in the glass
对句子划线部分提问。
3.There are seven days in a week.
4.There are lots of books in our library.
5.There is a woman over there.
6.There is a little milk in the glass.
How many days are there in a week
What’s in your library
Who is over there
What’s in the glass
The End.

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