资源简介

(共14张PPT)
UNIT 3　The world of science
(单元主题语境：人与社会——科技发展和科学精神)
Section Ⅱ　Using language
现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态，强调动作或状态在说话之前已经结束或持续到现在并对现在产生影响或造成结果。主语为动作的承受者，表示“……已经被……”。
一、现在完成时的被动语态的构成
[感知]
1．(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths.
卡森证明，一种历史上流传下来的简单的文学形式今天仍然可以被用来引起人们对重要真理的关注。
2．Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture，but when and where has not been decided yet.
詹姆斯教授将要给我们做关于西方文化的演讲， 但是时间和地点还没有确定。
3．Has his bike been repaired
他的自行车修好了吗？
4．How long has the machine been repaired
这台机器修理多长时间了？
[归纳]
现在完成时的被动语态的构成
形式 构成(以动词do为例)
肯定句 主语＋have/has been done ...
否定句 主语＋have/has not been done ...
一般疑问句 Have/Has＋主语＋been done ...？
特殊疑问句 疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done ...？
[即练]
单句填空/完成句子
1．Learning that the new campus (put) into use lately, I am writing to offer you some advice.
2．Recently some voluntary activities (organize) to help raise the awareness of protecting animals.
3．到目前为止，谁受到了邀请？
Who so far
4．自2010年以来，地震已经摧毁了数百万间房屋。
Millions of houses by the earthquake since 2010.
has been put
have been organized
has been invited
have been destroyed
二、现在完成时的被动语态的用法
[感知]
1．(2024·全国甲卷)Russia's public health care service has been in serious need of modernization.
俄罗斯的公共卫生保健服务迫切需要现代化。
2．Great improvements in public health have been brought about by advances in medical science in the last decade.
在过去的十年里，医学的进步带来了公共健康的巨大改善。
3．The teacher won't leave until all the children have been picked up.
直到所有的孩子都被接走，老师才会离开。
[归纳]
1．现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already、yet、just、never、recently等副词连用。
2．表示一个被动的动作或状态始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since等引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long ...？”句型中。
3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
①现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时的被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。
②一些表示短暂动作的非延续性动词，如finish、buy、start、begin、return、borrow、join、marry、open等，其现在完成时的被动语态在肯定句中，通常不与表示一段时间的状语(如for four days、how long等)连用，因为动作本身是瞬间完成的，若需表达该动作完成后的状
态持续了多久，通常需要更换为延续性动词或系表结构。但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有延续性，因而可与since或for引导的时间状语连用。
③动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持其完整性，不可省略短语中的某个介词或副词。例如：
The orphan has been well looked after.
这个孤儿一直受到很好的照顾。
[即练]
用现在完成时的被动语态改写句子
1．They have found a good place to build a temple in the village.
→A good place to build a temple in the village (by them)．
2．We haven't decided how to solve that difficult technological problem yet.
→How to solve that difficult technological problem _________________
yet (by us)．
has been found
hasn't been decided
3．They have done the experiment successfully.
→The experiment successfully (by them)．
4．The teacher has told them not to make noises many times.
→They many times (by the teacher) not to make noises.
has been done
have been told
用所给词的适当形式填空
In the past 20 years, great changes 1. (make) in our daily life. Various modern devices 2. (invent), which 3. (make)our life faster and easier. Many high-rise buildings 4. (build)，making our life clean and comfortable. What's the most important is that great changes 5. (take place) in people's concept of life. Also, the living environment 6._______
________ (improve) greatly. Now people not only care more about their
have been made
have been invented
have made
have been built
have taken place
has been
improved
own health but also our planet's health. In a word，this is the happiest life we 7. (live)．
have lived

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