资源简介

(共64张PPT)
UNIT 3　The world of science
(单元主题语境：人与社会——科技发展和科学精神)
Section Ⅳ　Writing
1．写作词汇再现
①aim 目的；目标
②result 结果
③material 材料
④procedure 步骤，程序，手续
⑤stage 阶段
⑥do/carry out/conduct an experiment 做实验
⑦draw/come to the conclusion 得出结论
2．精彩句式再练
完成句子
①我非常想知道这个神奇的瓶子会发生什么。
I have an incredible desire to know to this magic bottle.
②一切准备就绪后，实验开始了。
,the experiment began.
③正是这个实验激励我们探索化学的奥秘。
It is the experiment that the mysteries of chemistry.
what will happen
With all the things prepared
inspires us to explore
④不止一个学生对实验结果感到惊讶。
More than one student the result of the experiment.
⑤经过实验，我可以得出结论，气压确实存在。
After the experiment, I can air pressure indeed exists.
was amazed by
draw the conclusion that
Ⅰ　写实验报告
写作指导
英文实验报告属于说明文，内容主要为描述实验目的、实验材料、实验步骤、实验结果等。实验报告要明确体现实验目的、步骤和结果，对具体实验现象的描述要客观准确，分析要全面具体，语言要简洁质朴、通俗易懂。
实验报告主要包含以下三部分：
1．开头——介绍实验背景和实验目的；
2．主体——介绍实验材料和实验具体步骤；
3．结尾——交代实验结果和从中学到的知识或者道理。
典例展示
根据下面提示，书写一份完整的实验报告。
1．实验目的：观察水的沸腾。
2．实验步骤：
(1)在烧杯中放入适量的水；
(2)把温度计放到水中；
(3)点燃酒精灯，仔细观察温度计和水的变化。
3．实验结果：
(1)水温在60℃以下时，随着水温不断升高，杯底气泡越来越多，有少量气泡上升；
(2)水温在60℃～90℃时，杯底气泡逐渐减少，气泡上升逐渐加快；
(3)水温达到100℃时，气泡上升最快，水面气泡最多，温度不再变化。
4．实验结论：水在100℃时开始沸腾。
参考词语：烧杯beaker；温度计thermometer；酒精灯alcohol burner；气泡bubble
注意：词数80左右。
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[审题谋篇]
确定体裁、
话题 体裁：说明文(实验报告)
话题：“水沸腾”实验
确定时态、
人称 时态：一般现在时
人称：第一、第三人称
布局文章
架构 首段：实验目的
中段：实验步骤
尾段：实验结论
列出核心
要点 1.实验目的：观察水的沸腾
2．具体实验步骤及实验结果
3．实验结论：水在100℃时开始沸腾
[实践应用]
1．完成句子
①设计该实验的目的是观察水沸腾时的温度及发生的变化。
This experiment the temperature when water boils and what happens in water in the process of the boiling.
is designed to observe
②为了做实验，我准备了水和以下仪器：一个温度计、一个烧杯和一盏酒精灯。
，I prepared water and the following instruments：a thermometer，a beaker and an alcohol burner.
③现在你能够看到，当温度达到100℃时，大量的气泡会从杯底上升至水面。
Now you can see that__________________________________________
，plenty of bubbles rise from the bottom of the beaker to the water surface.
To/In order to carry out the experiment
when the temperature reaches 100 degrees
centigrade
④实验后，我可以得出结论：水在100℃时开始沸腾，另外大量的气泡会在沸腾时上升至水面。
After the experiment，I can draw the conclusion：water starts boiling at 100 degrees centigrade ________________________________________
．
with plenty of bubbles rising to the surface during
the boiling
2．句式升级
⑤用that引导的主语从句、with复合结构改写句③
———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
⑥用that引导的同位语从句、while引导的时间状语从句改写句④
———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
Now it can be seen that plenty of bubbles rise from the bottom of the
beaker to the water surface with the temperature reaching 100 degrees
centigrade.
After the experiment，I can draw the conclusion that water starts boiling
at 100 degrees centigrade while plenty of bubbles rise to the surface during
the boiling.
3．精修成篇
结合以上句子写一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
This experiment is designed to observe the temperature when water boils and what happens in water in the process of the boiling. To carry out the experiment，I prepared water and the following instruments：a thermometer，a beaker and an alcohol burner.
The procedure：
First，half fill the beaker with water. Then put the thermometer in it. Finally，light the alcohol burner and heat the water，and observe the readings of the thermometer. Now it can be seen that plenty of bubbles
rise from the bottom of the beaker to the water surface with the temperature reaching 100 degrees centigrade.
After the experiment，I can draw the conclusion that water starts boiling at 100 degrees centigrade while plenty of bubbles rise to the surface during the boiling.
实战演练
根据下面提示，写一篇有关“不打破鸡蛋除去蛋壳”的实验报告。
1．实验目的：不打破鸡蛋除去蛋壳。
2．实验仪器和材料：一个玻璃杯，一个小煮锅(saucepan)，水，一个鸡蛋，约 250 毫升醋(vinegar)。
3．实验步骤：
(1)把鸡蛋放在煮锅中煮 10 分钟左右；
(2)把鸡蛋放在玻璃杯中；
(3)往玻璃杯中倒入醋，醋要浸过鸡蛋；
(4)把鸡蛋浸泡在醋中 24 小时。
4．实验结果：24 小时后蛋壳完全消失。
5．实验结论：醋含有酸性物质(acid)，与蛋壳的主要成分碳酸钙(CaCO3)发生反应，生成气体二氧化碳(CO2)，蛋壳消失。
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[参考范文]
The aim of this experiment is to remove the shell from an egg without breaking it.
To carry out the experiment，I need to prepare the following things：a glass, a small saucepan, water, an egg, and about 250 ml vinegar. With all these things ready，I begin the experiment.
First, boil the egg for about ten minutes in the saucepan filled with water. Next, place the egg in the glass and pour vinegar over the egg. After that, leave the egg in the vinegar for 24 hours. Finally, the shell disappears completely.
The shell is mostly made of CaCO3 and the vinegar contains acid. The egg shell dissolves because CaCO3 reacts with acid to form the gas CO2.
Ⅱ　读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When Edith heard there was a competition to invent a brand-new machine, she longed to enter. Her idol(偶像), the famous inventor Mathew, was going to be the judge! Edith planned and worked on her invention every day after school. Finally, a huge light-up music box was finished—just in time for the competition. She was sure it would win first prize. Everyone would certainly be amazed when the lights shone and the music began to play.
However, when Edith slowly turned the handle(手柄), nothing happened. The machine needed more power.
Edith turned the handle faster, but no matter how quickly she went, she couldn't get more than a flash from the lights. There was no way this would win and she had run out of time to fix it.
On the competition night, Edith went to the town hall with a heavy heart.She set up her music machine, feeling like a failure.
Mathew burst through the doors on his bike, whose pedals(脚踏板) gave off light. Everyone cheered excitedly. He got off the bike and walked
around the rooms to see the inventions on show. Edith was nervous as he came over. “Can you tell me about your machine？” he asked. “It is a music machine that lights up，” Edith said in a low voice. Mathew clapped happily，“Amazing! Show me how it works.”
Edith turned the handle faster than she'd ever managed before. Terrible slow music started and the lights flashed on and off. Someone nearby laughed. Edith's cheeks turned red.“Don't worry，” Mathew smiled.“All my inventions went wrong when I was younger. You shouldn't give up.” Hiding behind the machine, Edith couldn't wait for the competition to end.
The judging had almost finished when suddenly the lights of the hall went out. No one could get the lights to work and the competition couldn't carry on. Edith thought for a moment. If only she were stronger, she could have turned the handle of her machine faster and lit up the room. In the dark, Edith could just see Mathew climbing onto his bike, with his pedals glimmering(发出微光)．
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
“Don't go！” Edith shouted, “I know how to light up the room！”_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Everyone jumped with joy as light and music from the machine filled the room.____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[巧读文]
1．读要素
Who：Edith，Mathew
Where：in a competition
When：on the competition night
What：to invent a huge light-up music box
2．读双线(情节线、情感线)
情节线：
... there was a competition to invent a brand-new machine，she longed to enter.
↓
She set up her music machine，feeling like a failure.
↓
No one could get the lights to work and the competition couldn't carry on.
情感线：eager→frustrated→nervous
[妙构思]
1．读首句，定方向
第一段：由续写第一段首句“‘Don't go！’ Edith shouted，‘I know how to light up the room！’”可知，本段应该写Edith告诉Mathew她为什么需要他的帮助，Mathew同意了，按照Edith的方法，音乐盒亮了，点亮了房间。
第二段：由续写第二段首句“Everyone jumped with joy as light and music from the machine filled the room.”可知，本段应该写比赛继续进行，Edith获得了比赛的第一名并获得感悟。
2．巧设问，定细节
第一段
(1)How to light up the room
_____________________
(2)How did Mathew think of the method
____________
(3)What did Mathew do
___________________________________________
(4)What happened at last
___________________________
Turn the handle faster.
He agreed.
Mathew rode the bike, which linked to the music box.
The music box lit up the room.
第二段
(1)How did everyone present feel
___________________________________________________________
________ _
(2)What was the result of the competition
______________________
(3)What can we learn from the passage
_________________________________________________
They were grateful because Edith had made it possible for the competition
to carry on.
Edith won first place.
Success belongs to those who never give up and have ideas.
[雕句式]
根据提示升级下列句子
1．If you turn the handle faster, the light is brighter.
→ (“the＋比较级 ...the＋比较级 ...”句型)
2．When he heard the method that Edith offered, Mathew agreed and helped her to link his bike with the music box.
→ ,Mathew agreed and helped her to link his bike with the music box.(分词作状语)
The faster you turn the handle, the brighter the light is.
Hearing the method that Edith offered
3. Mathew announced that Edith won first place. Edith jumped with joy.
→ ，Edith jumped with joy.(时间状语从句)
When Mathew announced that Edith won first place
[成美文]
“Don't go！” Edith shouted, “I know how to light up the room！”_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Everyone jumped with joy as light and music from the machine filled the room.____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
“Don't go！” Edith shouted, “I know how to light up the room！” Edith said，“The machine needs a lot of power to turn the handle. The faster you turn the handle, the brighter the light is. However, I'm not strong enough to turn the handle. I think you and your bike can be helpful.” Hearing the method that Edith offered, Mathew agreed and helped her to link his bike with the music box. As Mathew rode the bike, the music box gradually lit up the room.
Everyone jumped with joy as light and music from the machine filled the room.Everyone was grateful that Edith had made it possible for the competition to carry on. It was time for judgment. When Mathew announced that Edith won first place, Edith jumped with joy. Mathew said success belongs to those who never give up and have ideas.
第一节
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。　　　　
1．What are the speakers talking about
A.Science. B．Literature. C.Movies.
2．Why was the science test put off
A.Because the students had a meeting.
B.Because the students were not ready.
C.Because the teacher had other plans.
3．How many science courses did the woman take in high school
A.One. B．Two. C.More than two.
4．What does the woman think of the science test
A.Hard. B．Unexpected. C.Easy.
5．Where is the biology lab located
A.On the first floor of the maths building.
B.On the second floor of the language building.
C.On the third floor of the science building.
第二节
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What did David get in science
A.A. B．B. C．C.
7．Why didn't Bob pass the final exams
A.Because he played games a lot.
B.Because he was caught cheating.
C.Because he didn't work hard for the tests.
听第 7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What are the speakers mainly talking about
A.Their current situations.
B.Tough job market.
C.News about Mike.
9．What do we know about the woman
A.She works at a big company.
B.She left school one year ago.
C.She is studying computer science.
10．What does the man think of Mike's decision
A.It's encouraging. B．It's surprising.
C.It's challenging.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．What problem does the man have
A.A bad grade. B．A schedule conflict.
C.A tough major.
12．What subject does the woman suggest the man learn this semester
A.Maths. B．Computer Science.
C.History.
13．How does the man sound in the end
A.Relaxed. 　B．Regretful. 　C．Hesitant.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14．Why does the man feel like he's in a science fiction film
A.Because shooting stars appear.
B.Because spaceships are visible in the sky.
C.Because technology has advanced so much.
15．Why is the object easy to see
A.Because it reflects the sun's light.
B.Because it burns fuel brightly.
C.Because it has bright lights.
16．How soon would the speakers see the object again
A.In about one and a half hours.
B.In about five hours.
C.In about nine hours.
17．What are the speakers doing
A.Having a geography class.
B.Doing a scientific experiment.
C.Talking about an object in space.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18．What helps women find more scientific clues
A.Their world view.
B.Their sixth sense.
C.Their research methods.
19．Who contributed to the development of the air conditioner in cars
A.Margaret Wilcox.
B.Rosalind Franklin.
C.Katie Hafner.
20．What does the radio program mainly focus on
A.The untold stories of female scientists.
B.Major scientific breakthroughs.
C.Public opinions on science.
听力原文
第一节
1．W：John, you have a great passion for science.
M：Yeah，I'm fascinated by all the experiments—it's like magic to me.I'm interested in finding out how and why things work.I'm going to work with science when I leave school.
2．W：Aren't you supposed to have a science test this afternoon
M：It was put off till next week because the teacher had to attend a meeting.
3．M：How many years of science courses did you have in high school
W：I had only one year each of Biology and Chemistry.I wish I'd had more.
4．M：Hi，Jamie.How did your science test go
W：I sailed through it.
M：I'm pleased to hear that.Amy just said it was hard as expected.
W：She barely studied for the test!
5．W：Do you know where the biology lab is
M：On the third floor of the science building.
(1.A　2.C　3.B　4.C　5.C)
第二节
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
W：Well, David, did you pass your final exams
M：Yes, ⑥I passed.I got an A in English and a B in science.I'm very pleased.I had thought I'd get a C in science.
W：You are great! What about your friends
M：They all passed except Bob.⑦He didn't work hard for the exams.
W：So are you going out to celebrate
M：Oh, yes.We're going to have dinner together and then play games.
(6.B　7.C)
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
W：Tom, are you at school
M：Well, ⑧I work at a marketing company.How about you
W：⑧I'm still in school.I have one more year left.
M：Actually, I'm going to do some further study later.⑨What are you majoring in
W：⑨Computer Science.
M：Where do you want to work
W：I'd love to work at a big company, but it's pretty challenging to get in.
M：Exactly, so you come to this club often.
W：Yeah.Are you here with Mike
M：No，some of my workmates.I haven't seen Mike in a while now.Do you know what he is up to
W：He is going to graduate school.
M：⑩You're kidding.I didn't know he is so hard-working.
(8.A　9.C　10.B )
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
M：Lucy, I have a conflict in my schedule.I don't know what to do.
W：Can't you rearrange your schedule
M：No, the other sections of the courses I need are closed.
W：Then you'll have to drop a course.
M：I don't know which one to drop—Maths 102，or History 301
W：Well, since you want to major in Computer Science and you need to take Maths 102 before taking several computer science courses like CS 203, it's important to take Maths 102 right away.
M： You are right, but I do like history and I heard the history teacher is a very good one.I'll think about it.
(11.B　12.A　13.C)
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
W： Look at that in the sky.I think it's a shooting star.
M：Where Oh, I see a tiny dot.It's moving at a constant speed and doesn't disappear like a shooting star.I'm pretty sure that is either a satellite or the space station.
W：Space station Like the ones in science fiction films
M：In a way, yes. Nowadays，it sometimes feels like we're living in a science fiction movie，considering the advancements we've made in space exploration.But the Tiangong space station is a very real thing.
W：So, has it got really bright lights or is that burning fuel we can see It's perfectly visible, yet we're all the way down here on earth.
M：Ha，no. It's the reflection of the sunshine bouncing off the medal.To our eyes it shines like a star.
W：It's almost out of sight now.
M：Yes，it's traveling incredibly fast five miles a second if we stay here long enough.It will reappear on the opposite horizon again fairly soon.
W：What That's crazy!
M：I know. It goes around the world once every ninety minutes.It's like something out of a science fiction film.
(14.C　15.A　16.A　17.C)
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
W：I'm Katie Hafner, host of a new weekly radio program called Lost Women of Science，coming next November. Through history, women have made hundreds of scientific breakthroughs. They have a sixth sense that enables them to pick out more important clues.But many of these female scientists are missing from public view.The more I do this research, the more I realize that women are at the heart of some of the most important developments in science.For example，Rosalind Franklin contributed much to the discovery of the structure of DNA. And the
work of Margaret Wilcox, an American engineer, was crucial to the development of the air conditioner in cars.Each season, we'll explore and celebrate the life and work of one woman who shaped our world view.And we'll explore some of the reasons why you might not know her name.We'll be looking at the barriers these women faced as well as their passion and drive. Join us as we honor these remarkable stories you may not know.
(18.B　19.A　20.A)
【语音技巧】
语调
语调 (Intonation)，即说话的腔调，就是一句话里声调高低抑扬轻重的配置和变化。英语的基本语调是升调( )和降调 ( )。不同的语调读句子会有不同的意思。
含义 应用及示例
降调表示“结
束、肯定” 一般陈述句、命令祈使句、感叹句、特殊疑问句等。例如：
The project was difficult.
Don't open the door.
What an unforgettable moment!
Who is going home？
含义 应用及示例
升调表示“没有结束、不确定” 一般疑问句、选择疑问句中or前的部分、并列成分中and前的部分、反意疑问句中附加疑问部分、表示道歉和请求的句子等。例如：
Could you help me
Would you like juice or milk
She bought bread， cheese，and tomatoes.
You'll go to see films， won't you？
温馨提示：
1．“降—升”调表示对比、态度保留、言外之意等感情；
2．“升—降”调表示语气强烈、惊奇、自满得意等感情；
3．“升—降—升”调表示自信、欢快等感情。

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