资源简介

(共20张PPT)
UNIT 6　Disaster and hope
(单元主题语境：人与社会——自然灾害)
Section Ⅱ　Using language
省　略
一、省略的定义
省略是为了避免相同的成分重复并能保持句意不变、句子简洁的情况下，而将句子中的某些成分省去的一种语法现象。凡是缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，但在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子就是省略句。
一般来说，只要不破坏语法结构或者不引起歧义，能省略的就省略，如果不省略的话就会显得很啰唆。省略之后，不仅句子结构更加紧凑，而且句子意思更加明确，简洁。
二、并列句中的省略
[感知]
1．John would attend the music class on the weekend but his brother would not (attend the music class)．
约翰周末要上音乐课，但是他的弟弟不上(音乐课)。
2．We can (win tomorrow's match), and certainly will, win tomorrow's match.
我们能够(赢得明天的比赛)，而且一定会在明天的比赛中获胜。
3．I came at eight but Henry (came) at nine.
我八点来的，但亨利是在九点(来的)。
[归纳]
并列句中，如果前后分句有相同的成分，常常可以省略，以避免重复。通常被省略的可以是主语、谓语、助动词、宾语或其他成分，或句子成分的一部分。
三、复合句中的省略
[感知]
1．My parents asked me to visit my grandparents (that/whom) I haven't seen for a whole month.
我父母要我去看望我整整一个月没见的爷爷奶奶。
2．While (we are) watching, everyone shouldn't chat with others casually or eat some snacks.
观看的时候，每个人都不应该随便和别人聊天或吃零食。
3．I believe (that) taking a nap is good for our health as well as for our study.
我相信午睡对我们的健康和学习都有好处。
4．—You all like the story
—Yes，(we all like the story) except that the conclusion is too hasty.
——你们都喜欢这个故事吗？
——是的，只是结尾太仓促。
[归纳]
1．在定语从句中，如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，这个关系代词常常省略。
2．在状语从句中，当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且状语从句中含有be动词时，常省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。
3．在宾语从句中，一般情况下，引导宾语从句的that也常省略不用。如果that后面的宾语从句较长或有其他不能省略的特殊情况，that不能省略。例如，并列的两个宾语从句，第二个宾语从句的that不能省略。
4．有时整个主句都可省略，只剩下一个从句。这种省略现象通常出现在简短答语中。
四、虚拟语气中的省略
[感知]
1．Had you come here yesterday (If you had come here yesterday), you would have met her.
如果你昨天来这儿的话，你就会见到她了。
2．We insisted that they (should) go with us.
我们坚决要求他们和我们一起走。
[归纳]
1．虚拟条件句常省略if，而将were/had/should提前构成部分倒装。
2．在“一坚持(insist)；二命令(order、command)；三建议(suggest、propose、advise)；四要求(demand、require、request、ask)”等后的宾语从句中，或含这些词的派生词的其他主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句，以及“It is strange/natural/necessary/important that ...”句式的that从句中，常省略should。
五、动词不定式中的省略
[感知]
1．The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to (ride his bicycle in the street)．
这个男孩想在街上骑自行车，可他妈妈不同意。
2．His wish is to earn a lot of money and (to) buy his mother a big house.
他的愿望是赚很多钱，给妈妈买一栋大房子。
3．I saw him enter the room just now.
刚才我看见他进了房间。
4．I can do nothing but wait.
我能做的只有等待。
[归纳]
1．有些动词(或词组)，如want、wish、expect、hope、would like、try、forget等，后面的不定式作宾语时，为了避免重复，可以省略动词，只保留到to；但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有系动词be和助动词have，这些动词就要保留。
2．两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，第一个带to，后面可以省去to；但如果两个不定式表示对比关系时，则to 不可省略。
3．感官动词(或词组)，如see、look at、hear、listen to、notice、watch等，和使役动词如make、let、have等，后面作宾语补足语的不定式常省略to；但此类动词在被动语态中的to则不可省略。
4．在某些句式中，如介词but前有动词do(或do的任何形式)，后面的不定式要省略to。
六、介词的省略
[感知]
1．We should take immediate measures to prevent/stop the environment (from) being polluted.
我们应该立即采取措施保护环境免受污染。
2．We have a final exam (in) every term.
每学期我们举行一次期末考试。
[归纳]
1．在英语中，一些固定搭配的介词常被省略掉，而只保留后面的动名词。如spend time/money (in) doing sth、have difficulty (in) doing sth、prevent/stop sb (from) doing sth等。
2．与时间名词搭配的介词如at、on、in等，在next、last、this、each、these、yesterday、every、tomorrow等词之前，一般要省略。
七、使用替代词(如so、not等)的省略
[感知]
1．She became a loyal friend to me and remains so.(so＝a loyal friend)．
她成了我忠实的朋友，而且一直如此。
2．—Can you come next week
—I'm afraid not.(＝ I'm afraid that I can not come.)
——你下周能来吗？
——恐怕不能。
[归纳]
1．so在动词expect、think、imagine、hope、suppose、believe等的后面，常代替前面出现过的某个单词、词组或句子的一部分。
2．not可代替否定的句子，用法和so相似。
[即练]
将下列句子改写为省略句
1．It is well done.
→___________
Well done.
2．When they are seen from the plane，the houses look like tiny toys.
→ ，the houses look like tiny toys.
3．Mother should take a rest but Mother won't take a rest after long hours of work.
→___________________________________________________
4．He could answer the questions very well if he would answer the questions but he didn't answer the questions.
→______________________________________________________
5．If it is possible，this old temple will be rebuilt.
→ ，this old temple will be rebuilt.
Seen from the plane
Mother should but won't take a rest after long hours of work.
He could answer the questions very well if he would but he didn't.
If possible
用省略结构完成下列对话
1．A：Do you like the film
B： (非常喜欢)．
2．A：Would you like to go hiking with us this weekend
B： (我想去)，but I have promised to visit my grandpa.
3．A：Now that we can't find the way，we can turn to a stranger.
B: (听起来像是个好主意)．
Very much
I'd like to/I'd love to
Sounds like a good idea
4．A：Shall I make some changes to the plan
B：Yes. (如果时间允许的话)．
5．A：Mary may not be free today.
B: (如果这样的话)，we have to put off the meeting.
6．A：Why don't they move to a bigger place
B： (他们不想)．They're happy where they are.
7．A: (看到我的手套了吗)
B：They're in the kitchen.
8．A：Have more coffee
B： (最好不要)．I won't be able to sleep later.
If time permits
If so
They don't want to
Seen my gloves
I'd better not/Better not

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