资源简介

(共62张PPT)
UNIT 6　Disaster and hope
(单元主题语境：人与社会——自然灾害)
Section Ⅳ　Writing
1．写作词汇再现
①guideline 指南；指引
②measure 措施
③reduce 减少
④rescue 营救
⑤sufficient food and water 充足的食物和水
⑥keep in mind 记住
⑦keep calm 保持冷静
⑧natural disaster 自然灾害
⑨get prepared for 为……做准备
2．精彩句式再练
单句填空/完成句子
①Avoid (walk) on banks and bridges.
②When (open) a room door，touch the door with the back of your hand first，see whether it is hot.
③The burned man is so serious we must send him to hospital immediately.
④迅速抱住头部。
quickly.
walking
opening
that
Hold your head
⑤用湿的衣物或毛巾捂住口鼻。
with wet clothes or towels.
⑥有闪电时不要爬树或站在树下。
or stand under the trees when there is lightning.
⑦当你无法逃离，不要躲在顶楼或者壁橱里。
，don't hide in the attic or closet.
⑧那时我才意识到提前学习更多自救常识的重要性。
Only then the importance of learning more common sense of self-rescue in advance.
Cover your mouth and nose
Don't climb trees
When you can't escape from the building
did I realize
Ⅰ　写一则自然灾害防范的安全指南
写作指导
本单元的写作任务是写一篇关于自然灾害防范的安全指南，这类题目要求根据可能遇到的危险有针对性地写出遇险时的应对方法。
安全指南主要包含以下三个部分：
1．开头——分析遇到的危险；
2．主体——具体介绍危险来临前的准备工作和处于危险中的应对措施；
3．结尾——简单提及处于危险中时不应该做的事情。
典例展示
夏季，暴雨频繁，洪水泛滥。新华学校为了增加学生的安全自救常识，打算发放一则防洪安全指南。请你以 “Flood Safety Guidelines” 为题目拟定一则指南。
Flood Safety Guidelines
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
[审题谋篇]
确定体裁、
话题 体裁：说明文
话题：防洪安全指南
确定时态、
人称 时态：一般现在时
人称：第二、三人称
布局文章
架构 第一部分：引入话题
第二部分：安全指南具体内容
列出核心
要点 1.洪水来临之前的预防措施
2.洪水暴发时应做的事情
3.洪水暴发时不应做的事情
[实践应用]
1．完成句子
①洪水是最危险的自然灾害之一。它可能突然发生并卷走一切。
Flood is one of the most dangerous natural disasters.It may ___________
．
②学习一些安全知识并为洪灾做准备是非常重要的，尤其是那些生活在河边的人。
→__________________________________________________________________，especially for those living near a river.(不定式作主语)
come
suddenlyand sweep away everything
To learn some safety knowledge and get prepared for a flood is very
important
→___________________________________________________________________，especially for those living near a river.(it作形式主语)
③首先要做的事情是听天气预报。
The first thing to do is ．
④最好准备足够的水、能保存的食物和能维持三天的药物。
It's good practice to ，shelf-stable food, and medication on hand for three days.
⑤如果可能的话，立即转移到安全的地方。
If it is possible， ．
It is very important to learn some safety knowledge and get prepared
for a flood
listen to the weather forecast
have enough water
move to a safe place immediately
⑥试着到足够高的地方以躲避洪水，比如高楼的顶层和房顶。
Try to move to a place to keep clear of floodwater, such as the top floor of a building and the roof.
⑦远离电源是很重要的。
It is important ．
⑧不要喝洪水，否则你会生病的，因为洪水不干净。
Don't drink floodwater as it is not clean.
high enough
to keep away from electricity
otherwise you'd get really sick
2．句式升级
⑨用定语从句改写句①
___________________________________________________________________________________________
⑩用省略句改写句⑤
_______________________________________
Flood is one of the most dangerous natural disasters，which may come
suddenly and sweep away everything.
If possible，move to a safe place immediately.
3．精修成篇
结合以上句子写一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
[参考范文]
Flood Safety Guidelines
Flood is one of the most dangerous natural disasters，which may come suddenly and sweep away everything.It is very important to learn some safety guidelines and get prepared for a flood, especially for those living near a river.Here are some tips on flood safety.
Things to do before a flood：
The first thing to do is listen to the weather forecast.
It's good practice to have enough water, shelf-stable food, and medication on hand for three days.
Things to do during a flood：
If possible，move to a safe place immediately.Try to move to a place high enough to keep clear of floodwater, such as the top floor of a building and the roof.
It is important to keep away from electricity.
Things not to do during a flood：
Do not drink floodwater otherwise you'd get really sick as it is not clean.
Do not take too many personal belongings with you.
实战演练
假定你是李华，学校英文报正在征集关于“地震逃生知识”的稿件，请你写一则地震自救安全指南并投稿。内容包括：
1．写作目的；2.具体建议。
注意：80词左右。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
We all know that earthquakes occur frequently on Earth. Therefore, it is necessary for us to keep some safety tips in mind so that we can protect ourselves from injuries.
Things to do during an earthquake.
·Stay at a safe place and do not run in a hurry.
·If in the room, you should hide yourself under something hard, such as a table or even a bed.
·If in the open air, find an open place and never get close to cars or waterside.
Things not to do during an earthquake.
·Keep away from shelves and cupboards.
·Never take a lift to go downstairs.
·No matter how strong the earthquakes are, if we have the belief to defeat them and never give up, we will be able to overcome any difficulties.
Ⅱ　读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A Narrow Escape
A holiday in Penang is an annual affair for my family.My parents grew up in Penang and are very fond of Penang food.In December every year, we drive up to the island to spend three days visiting their favorite food spots.
This year, we started our journey up north on a Friday morning.The drive was interrupted by stops at Bidor Town and Kampar so it took us six hours to reach our destination.We stayed at one of the hotels in Batu Ferringhi Beach.The beach was just a short walk from the hotel entrance and our rooms had a lovely view of the sea.We spent our first evening playing on the beach.After dinner, we returned to our rooms to play games.My parents have a rule for our holidays which is that we should spend time doing things together.There was to be no TV and no Internet.
The next morning, we went to Bukit Bendera and then spent the rest of the afternoon in town visiting our favorite hawker stalls(小贩摊位)．As we were having tea at a shop, we overheard people talking about an earthquake near Sumatra, an island in Indonesia.But we didn't care too much.Afterwards we headed back to the hotel and then went to the beach.We took a walk along the beach, picking up seashells along the way.Suddenly, I noticed a strange thing.The sea seemed to be retreating(后退) from the shore.I felt a little uneasy, so I asked my father to look at the curious occurrence.My father took one look and went pale.We saw a grey line in the distance moving towards the shore.It seemed to grow taller by the second.It was a tsunami!
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
My father shouted at us to run back to the hotel._________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
We waited a long time before going downstairs._________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[巧读文]
1．读要素
Who：I, my parents
Where：on the beach
When：in December
What：a tsunami
2．读双线(情节线、情感线)
情节线：
We spent our first evening playing on the beach.
↓
... we overheard people talking about an earthquake near Sumatra，an island in Indonesia.But we didn't care too much.
↓
The sea seemed to be retreating from the shore.I felt a little uneasy...
情感线：happy→calm and carefree→uneasy and frightened
[妙构思]
1．读首句，定方向
第一段：由续写第一段首句内容“My father shouted at us to run back to the hotel.”可知，第一段可描写父亲看到海啸欲袭的场面后，想方设法带领全家人脱险。
第二段：由续写第二段首句内容“We waited a long time before going downstairs.”可知，第二段可描写海水退去后旅馆一片狼藉的景象，“我们”帮忙收拾，最终使旅馆大厅恢复了原样。
2．巧设问，定细节
第一段
(1)What did we do to escape from the tsunami
______________________________
(2)What happened to the tsunami
______________________
We kept running fast and climbing.
The water level rose fast.
第二段
(1)What did the hotel look like
______________________
(2)How did “I” feel then
_____________________________
(3)What did we do
____________________________________________
It was beyond recognition.
We helped carry the injured and cleared up the hotel.
“I” felt lucky to be safe.
[雕句式]
根据提示升级下列句子
1．When we reached the second floor, we heard the noise of rushing water and glass breaking.
→ ，we heard the noise of rushing water and glass breaking.(非谓语动词作状语)
Reaching the second floor
2．The water level rose fast, and wet my feet as I ran the last few steps to the third floor.
→The water level rose as I ran the last few steps to the third floor.(“so ...that ...”结构)
3．I then realized what a narrow escape we had had.
→ what a narrow escape we had had.(only句首倒装句)
so fast that it wet my feet
Only then did I realize
[成美文]
My father shouted at us to run back to the hotel._________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
We waited a long time before going downstairs._________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
My father shouted at us to run back to the hotel.He grabbed my hand and pulled me with him.As we reached the hotel hall, I heard a very loud sound behind us.Dad pushed us towards the stairs.Reaching the second floor, we heard the noise of rushing water and glass breaking.Dad yelled at us to keep climbing.The water level rose so fast that it wet my feet as I ran the last few steps to the third floor.We stopped on the fourth floor and looked down at the water below us.It had stopped rising.After some minutes, it began to drop.
We waited a long time before going downstairs.The hotel hall was unrecognizable.There was dirt and broken furniture scattered everywhere.Some people who were caught in the tsunami were either unconscious or groaning with pain.Only then did I realize what a narrow escape we had had.Dad called an ambulance and we helped the staff carry the injured.Other people cleared up the broken furniture.With our joint efforts, the hotel hall was back to its original condition.
第一节
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。
1．What might hit the town
A．A flood. B．A drought.
C．An earthquake.
2．What will the woman do tomorrow
A．Give money to the charity.
B．Go on a charity walk.
C．Visit the flood victims.
3．What are the speakers mainly talking about
A．The Bahama Island.
B．A big fire.
C．The effects of Hurricane Dorian.
4．When will it be sunny according to the weather forecast
A．Tomorrow. B．Next week.
C．The day after tomorrow.
5．What's the conservation mainly about
A．A garden. B．A disaster.
C．A person.
第二节
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Which state was the coldest last year
A．Florida. B．California. C．Illinois.
7．How does climate affect hurricanes according to the scientists
A．It causes more of them to happen.
B．It makes them more powerful.
C．It has no effect on them at all.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What is the weather like now
A．Rainy. B．Cloudy. C．Windy.
9．What will the weather be like
A．Cold. B．Cool. C．Hot.
10．Why will the two speakers go out to the beach
A．To enjoy the sun. B．To cool off.
C．To shelter from the rain.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．Why is the man in the park
A．To volunteer for a government department.
B．To do research for a school project.
C．To offer tours to visitors.
12．What concerns the man most about the park
A．Natural disasters.
B．Online advertising.
C．Tourists' visiting.
13．What will the woman probably do next
A．Sign a form.
B．Offer a cash donation.
C．Join in some online activities.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14．What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A．Friends.
B．Mother and son.
C．Doctor and patient.
15．What can help prevent flooding according to Mr Brown
A．Tall buildings. B．Big bridges.
C．Sea walls.
16．What happened to the man last month
A．His bedroom was flooded.
B．His downstairs got flooded.
C．His classroom was flooded.
17．What does the woman suggest doing if a house is flooded
A．Calling the police.
B．Waiting for help.
C．Leaving the house immediately.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18．Where did the deadly natural disaster happen
A．In America.
B．In the city of Mocoa.
C．In Colombia.
19．What was the cause of the disaster
A．Heavy rain. B．Mudslide.
C．An earthquake.
20．Why is it hard to reach the trapped people
A．Because there are not enough rescuers.
B．Because most roads have been destroyed.
C．Because the trapped people are in remote places.
听力原文
第一节
1．W：We moved out before it reached this town.When we returned, I found there was dust everywhere.
M：It was really scary.The walls of my house were knocked down, and the whole neighborhood was in ruins.
2．W：Marco and I want to do something to help the flood victims.
M：What are you going to do
W：We're going to do a charity walk tomorrow.
3．W：I heard Hurricane Dorian has caused great damage to the Bahama Islands.
M：Yes，countless people lost their homes.The hospital on the island is sheltering 400 people now.It even caused a big fire in some grassy low ends.
4．W：It has been raining for almost two weeks.I think everyone is tired of this rainy season.
M：The weather broadcast said that it would turn sunny the day after tomorrow.
5．M：Many houses and cars were covered in the flood.It is said to be a once-in-a-century flood.
W：Yes.I've never seen a flood like this.My grandma's garden was also damaged.She is so sad.
M：Sorry to hear that.
(1.C　2.B　3.C　4.C　5.B )
第二节
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
M：It's crazy to think that some people don't believe in climate change.
W：I know.There were record high temperatures in California last year.Florida suffered from the heat and was frequently hit by more heavy hurricanes, ⑥while Illinois was experiencing freezing temperatures.
M：I heard someone say the climate can't be warming, because there are still places with extremely low temperatures.Is that true
W：Perhaps they are confusing weather and climate.Weather is measured over a short period of time, and climate is the measure of long-term temperature patterns.And our climate is experiencing higher and higher averages in temperature every year.
M：⑦Do you think this rise in temperature directly affects forest fires, hurricanes and snowstorms
W：⑦Scientists believe so.As of now, they can't say if it actually causes more hurricanes, but they are certain it affects their power.
(6.C　7.B)
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
M：⑧It's starting to rain.Look at the cloud.Did you watch the weather forecast
W：The weatherman said we were going to have a short shower.⑨He said another heat wave is on the way.
M：That's great.We can go out for a picnic then.
W：Oh, no! I hope not.I cannot stand the burning sun.
M：Well, ⑩how about going out to the beach to cool off
W：⑩Good idea！Maybe it's the only place for this sort of weather.
(8.B　9.C　10.B)
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
M：Hi，Miss，do you have a moment to talk about the history of this park
W：Sure.Are you with the Mexican history department
M： Yes, but only to donate my time to help our government protect the old buildings and parks.Now，we want to make sure the park is protected from damage，and we'll call for more support on social media.
W：Great idea.It must be difficult to protect it from storms and earthquakes.
M：Luckily，it's strong enough to survive the disasters. The real issue is thousands of tourists visiting every day.We're hoping to pass rules against visitors walking and climbing on these valuable remains of the old buildings in the park.
W：Right on！I wish I had some money to donate. Is there a form for supporters that I can sign
M： Absolutely.
(11.A　12.C　13.A)
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
M： How was your last lesson
W： It was interesting.Mr Brown taught us about floods.
M：We get frequent floods around here because we have so many rivers and the land is so flat.My mum is always worried about it.
W： Mr Brown says that there are engineered solutions to prevent flooding, like sea walls or river banks.
M：We have some by my house because the river always floods in the wetter months. Last month our downstairs got flooded.
W：Did you all have to stay upstairs
M：We went to our grandparents' house instead.It's all fine now though, but it costs us a lot of money to repair everything.
W： It's important never to stay in a flooded house，especially because of the dangers of water and electricity together.There are some other solutions to prevent flooding too, such as planting more trees to take in the water.That way, you're also helping the environment.
M：I totally agree.It's a win-win situation for both the environment and our community.
(14.A　15.C　16.B　17.C )
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
W：Today's show begins in south America, where a deadly natural disaster has hit the nation of Colombia.It started in rain, heavy rain on Friday night that caused three rivers to overflow around the city of Mocoa, which is located in the southwestern part of Colombia.The flooding washed a stream of mud into Mocoa.
Many people were sleeping when the disaster came.People said it was moving so fast that they had to run for their lives.Colombia officials say more than 200 people were killed, hundreds more injured and more than
100 people still missing.More than 1，000 soldiers and police officers were involved in that effort.
They say that 80% of the roads around the area have problems, so it's hard to get to people who might be trapped.Rescuers are racing against the clock to save lives.
(18.C　19.A　20.B)
【语音技巧】
英美发音的不同点
1．当字母r出现在单词的元音字母组合中时，北美英语会出现独特的卷舌音，也就是元音发音完毕后，要很流畅地将舌尖向后卷，但不得接触上腭。
car　　　[英] /kɑ / 　　　[美] /kɑ r/
dear　　 [英] /dI /　　 [美] /dIr/
2．英音中的元音/ɑ /在用于/f/、/θ/、/s/或鼻音前时，一般美音发/ /，但在字母组合lm前发/ɑ/。
单词 英音 美音
half /hɑ f/ /h f/
bath /bɑ θ/ /b θ/
pass /pɑ s/ /p s/
3.英音/ /变为美音/ /或/ɑ/。
单词 英音 美音
bought /b t/ /b t/或/bɑt/
talk /t k/ /t k/或/tɑk/
ball /b l/ /b l/或/bɑl/
4.英音/ /、/ /在美音中不再区分，读/ /。
单词 英音 美音
above / 'b v/ / 'b v/
but /b t/ /b t/
touch /t t / /t t /
5.字母t可出现在单词的词首、词中和词尾三个部位。当字母t位于词首或词尾时，美音与英音的发音相同，如tight /ta t/；而在词中时，英音中的发音和在词首、词尾时一致，美音中还有另一种发音，由舌尖弹动发出的弹舌音，听起来像一个非常轻的/d/，如better，city，letter，little。

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