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湖南省2026-2027年普通高中学业水平模拟考试
英语
本试卷包括阅读技能、知识运用、写作技能三个部分。时量90分钟,满分100分。
第一部分阅读技能(共两节,满分45分)
第一节阅读理解(共12小题;每小题3分,满分36分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B.C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
A recent study by researchers at the University of Cincinnati, led by Dr. Alberto Espay, challenges the common idea that monoclonal-antibodies (单克隆抗体) help slow down memory loss in Alzheimer’s patients by removing amyloid-plaques (淀粉样斑块).
Instead, the study shows that an unexpected increase in a key brain protein, called amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42), is more closely linked to improvements in thinking ability. This research was published in the journal Brain on September 11. For many years, experts believed that amyloid-plaques, which form from Aβ42, harm the brain and cause Alzheimer’s disease. However, Dr. Espay and his team suggest a different theory. They believe the real problem is the loss of soluble (易溶解的) Aβ42, which is important for keeping brain cells healthy, rather than the buildup of plaques. Previous research from Dr. Espay’s group showed that Alzheimer’s symptoms appear when Aβ42 levels fall too low, not when plaque levels are high.
According to Dr. Espay, the formation of amyloid plaques may be the brain’s natural way of responding to stress, like changes in metabolism (代谢). He points out that many people get amyloid- plaques as they age but do not develop dementia (痴呆). Still, current treatments for Alzheimer’s focus on these plaques.
New monoclonal-antibody treatments, meant to clear amyloid, have shown benefits in clinical trials. Dr. Espay’s team studied data from almost 26,000 patients in 24 clinical trials of these antibody treatments. They found that these treatments also accidentally increased Aβ42 levels. This suggests that the improvement in thinking may be because of higher Aβ42 levels, not because of plaque removal.
While raising Aβ42 levels seems helpful, Dr. Espay warns that removing amyloid plaques could harm the brain by making it shrink faster. He suggests focusing on treatments that raise Aβ42 directly, without targeting amyloid plaques. “Increasing Aβ42 is the goal,” he says, “but removing amyloid may not be the right way to do it.”
1．What’s the common idea of treating Alzheimer’s
A．Raising Aβ42 levels. B．Increasing neuron activity.
C．Reducing brain shrinkage. D．Removing amyloid- plaques.
2．What do we know about Aβ42
A．It is unrelated to the Alzheimer’s. B．It is only harmful when it forms plaques.
C．Its loss may lead to Alzheimer’s symptoms. D．It damages brain cells when its levels are high.
3．What can we infer from paragraph 3
A．Everyone with amyloid plaques develops dementia.
B．Current Alzheimer’s treatments focus on raising Aβ42 levels.
C．Amyloid plaques may be a protective response by the brain.
D．Removing amyloid plaques guarantees better cognitive function.
4．Which of the following will Dr. Espay agree with
A．Treatments should focus on raising Aβ42 levels.
B．Removing amyloid plaques will prevent Alzheimer’s.
C．Amyloid plaques are the main cause of Alzheimer’s disease.
D．Increasing Aβ42 levels through amyloid removal is always safe.
B
Academic stress means the anxiety and pressure that come from school and studying. It is often related to homework, exams, reading, and competitions. Students who cannot balance their studies with family, friends, and social life usually feel more stressed and may even lose interest in learning.
Recently, researchers from Imperial College London carried out a research to study academic stress among senior high school students. A total of 355 students from both cities and rural areas took part in the research. The study showed that, out of 355 students, 35 students (10.02%) had high academic stress, 150 students (42.53%) had average stress, and 69 students (19.43%) had low stress.
The study also found that boys reported more stress than girls, partly because parents often believe boys should be able to take care of family belongings or business in the future.
The study also found that students in city schools had more stress than those in rural schools. City students often face too much homework, projects, sports, and extra classes. Teachers and parents want them to do well in everything, expect them to perform several tasks at the same time, and value them mostly for their achievements. This heavy pressure makes it difficult for students to relax and enjoy learning.
Dr. Henry, one of the researchers, explained the significance of the study: “Our findings can help teachers and parents understand the situation of academic stress among senior high school students. Teachers are supposed to create a caring and supportive learning environment to help students with their study problems. Parents should encourage them along the way and appreciate their children’s hard work, so that students feel inspired to perform well and experience less stress in daily life.”
5．What percentage of the students suffered from academic stress
A．10.02%. B．71.98%. C．42.53%. D．19.43%.
6．What can be inferred about education in city schools
A．It focuses more on achievements. B．It values students’ mental health.
C．It is more creative and inspiring. D．It offers more freedom to students.
7．What does Dr. Henry suggest parents do
A．Expect their children to value their achievements.
B．Help their children deal with their study problems.
C．Create a supportive learning environment at school.
D．Appreciate their children’s hard work and inspire them.
8．Where is the passage most likely taken from
A．A fashion magazine. B．A research journal.
C．A travel guidebook. D．A sports newspaper.
C
Malaria, the world’s most widespread parasitic (寄生虫引起的) disease, kills as many as three million people every year — almost all of whom are under five, very poor, and African. In most years, more than five hundred million cases of illness result from the disease, although exact numbers are difficult to assess because many people don’t (or can’t) seek care. It is not unusual for a family earning less than two hundred dollars a year to spend a quarter of its income on malaria treatment, and what they often get no longer works. In countries like Tanzania, Mozambique, and the Gambia, no family, village, hospital, or workplace can remain unaffected for long.
Malaria starts suddenly, with violent chills, which are soon followed by an intense fever and, often, headaches. As the parasites multiply, they take over the entire body. Malaria parasites live by eating the red blood cells they infect. They can also attach themselves to blood vessels in the brain. If it doesn’t kill you, malaria can happen again and again for years. The disease passed on to humans by female mosquitoes infected with one of four species of a parasite. Together, the mosquito and the parasite are the deadliest couple in the history of the earth — and one of the most successful. Malaria has five thousand genes, and its ability to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control. Studies show that mosquitoes are passing on the virus more frequently, and there are more outbreaks in cities with large populations. Some of the disease’s spread is due to global warming.
For decades, the first-choice treatment for malaria parasites in Africa has been chloroquine, a chemical which is very cheap and easy to make. Unfortunately, in most parts of the world, malaria parasites have become resistant to it. Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive. If these drugs should fail, nobody knows what would come next.
9．According to paragraph 1, many people don’t seek care because ________.
A．they are too poor B．it is unusual to seek care
C．they can remain unaffected for long D．there are too many people suffering from the disease
10．Which of the following may be the reason for the wide spread of the disease
A．Its resistance to global warming. B．Its ability to pass on the virus frequently.
C．Its outbreaks in cities with large populations. D．Its ability to defend itself and resist new drugs.
11．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A．no drugs have been found to treat the disease
B．the alternative treatment is not easily available to most people
C．malaria has developed its ability to resist parasites
D．nobody knows what will be the drug to treat the disease
12．Which of the following questions has NOT been discussed in the passage
A．How can we know one is suffering from malaria
B．How many people are killed by malaria each year
C．Why are there so many people suffering from malaria
D．What has been done to keep people unaffected for long
第二节 小标题填空(共3小题;每小题3分,满分9分)
下面文章中有3处(第13~15题)需要组加小标题,请从以下选项(A、B.C 和D)中选出符合各段意思的小标题,并在答疆卡上将相应选项的标号涂黑，选项中有一项是多余选项。
How to Keep Your Memory Healthy
Struggling to recall a memory that feels just out of reach can be frustrating, inconvenient and, at times, embarrassing. Thankfully, there are ways to help boost your memory and keep your recall sharp. Besides getting a good night’s sleep and reading a book, the following three might also be better tips for you.
13
It might seem surprising, but one of the best ways to keep your brain active is to keep your body in motion. Exercise improves blood flow to the brain, helping to keep your brain cells healthy and happy. Studies show that as little as 15 minutes of exercise can lead to observable improvements in cognition (认知) and memory. Regular exercise — between 75 and 150 minutes per week — has been tied to improved memory function in adults.
14
Mess, both physical and mental, can negatively impact your ability to remember things. If you keep your working and living spaces tidy, it’s easier to remember where you set your phone, keys, or wallet. Similarly, a planner can help keep you mentally organized, making it easier to remember appointments, tasks, and other responsibilities.
15
Your diet can impact many aspects of your life, including your neurological function. Nutritious, vitamin-rich (富含维生素的) foods, such as fresh fruit and vegetables, can give your brain the fuel it needs to keep functioning as it should.
A．Try to stay organized.
B．Stay physically active.
C． Eat a well-balanced diet.
D．Get plenty of vitamins B and D．
第二部分 知识运用(共两节,满分25分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文。掌握其大意,然后从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Jennifer Jones, a teenage girl, told friends in her morning PE lesson that she was feeling unwell. She then passed out and was rushed to 16 .
Jennifer was found to have dangerously low blood sugar levels and was 17 immediately by doctors. Her worried parents told the doctor that their daughter 18 breakfast that day and hardly touched her dinner the night before. Actually, Jennifer had not eaten breakfast for months because she thought skipping meals was a simple way to reach her target 19 . Therefore, she always had trouble concentrating in class. 20 , she is now out of danger.
Jennifer’s case is a reminder of the dangers of the unhealthy weight-loss habits. Nowadays, being thin is often seen as being beautiful, 21 teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to 22 quickly. According to a recent survey of senior high school students’ lifestyles, almost 20% of teenagers regularly skip meals, 10% over-exercise and 4% even 23 weight-loss medicine. Health experts are concerned about these figures. Also, they point out that it is important to have a healthy balanced 24 since teenagers are still growing and their bodies need a lot of nutrition to function well. What’s more, they should keep regular hours and get plenty of exercise to stay 25 and healthy.
16．A．hospital B．school C．church D．gym
17．A．praised B．treated C．punished D．taught
18．A．enjoyed B．shared C．missed D．prepared
19．A．height B．width C．weight D．length
20．A．Sadly B．Suddenly C．Regretfully D．Fortunately
21．A．so B．because C．but D．if
22．A．slim down B．break down C．show up D．make up
23．A．avoid B．sell C．make D．take
24．A．sleep B．diet C．time D．speed
25．A．tired B．lazy C．energetic D．busy
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式,并将答案转写到答题卡上。
The Forbidden City, also known as the Palace Museum, is a hot tourist attraction. Built in 1420, the palace recorded lives of important people through various relics and documents. The Forbidden City made a two-day broadcast 26 (celebrate) its 600th birthday in April, 2020. The museum can provide a large amount of 27 (value) material for today’s historical research, as well as inspiration for literature and entertainment.
In addition 28 a look at the history, the Forbidden City is also creative in terms of marketing. Over the last decade, the museum 29 (produce) more than 10,000 cultural products featuring the imperial (皇家的) palace and 30 (it) exhibits (展品), from fans, notebooks to apps and cosmetics (化妆品). The most popular products are the ones that feature the royal cats. The cat products are 31 (real) inspired by the cats who call the Forbidden City home. More than 200 cats are living in the palace where they are being well 32 (care) for. These small cute animals often walk around freely and pose cutely to make 33 (visit) laugh, who sometimes can play with them.
“The real reason 34 the Palace Museum has become so popular among people is that it keeps the right balance (平衡) among preserving (保留) history, sharing knowledge, and providing interesting interactive shows,” Shan Jixiang, former director and curator (馆长) of 35 museum, told China Daily.
第三部分 写作技能(共两节,满分30分)
第一节 双向翻译(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
Americans are careful about how and when they meet one another’s eyes. 36. In their normal conversation, each eye contact lasts only about a second before one or both persons look away. When two Americans look searchingly into each other’s eyes, emotions are heightened and the relationship becomes more close. 37. 因此，他们小心翼翼地避免这种情况，except in proper occasions. Proper street-behaviors in the United States require a nice balance of attention and inattention. You are supposed to look at a passer-by just enough to show that you’ re aware of his presence. 38. 如果你注视得不够，会显得你过于高傲。If you look too much, you are too curious. Usually what happens is that people watch each other until they are about eight feet apart, 39 .at which point both lower their eyes. In England the polite listener stares at the speaker attentively and flashes his eyes occasionally as a sign of interest. That expression says nothing to Americans, 40. who expect the listener to nod or to whisper something — such as “mm-hum”.
第二节情景作文(共1小题,满分20分)
41．假设你是李华，你的英国笔友 Peter 来信询问你的高中英语学习情况，请你根据以下要点回信：
学习内容（如词汇、语法、阅读等）；
学习中遇到的困难（如听力薄弱）；
未来的学习计划（如多听英语材料）。
要求：80 词左右，语句通顺，语法正确。
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参考答案
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．A
【答案】5．B 6．A 7．D 8．B
【答案】9．A 10．D 11．B 12．D
【答案】13．B 14．A 15．C
【答案】16．A 17．B 18．C 19．C 20．D
21．A 22．A 23．D 24．B 25．C
【答案】26．to celebrate 27．valuable 28．to 29．has produced 30．its 31．really 32．cared 33．visitors 34．why 35．the
【答案】36．在他们正常的交谈中，每一次眼神接触只会持续大约一秒钟，然后一方或双方就会移开视线。
Therefore, they carefully avoid this situation
If you don’t look enough, it will appear that you are too proud.
到那时，他们双方都会垂下目光。
40．（那些）期望听者点头或小声说些什么（的人）
41．【答案】Dear Peter,
Glad to hear from you! I’m happy to share my senior high English learning with you.
At school, we focus on vocabulary memorization, grammar learning and a lot of reading practice to improve our comprehension. However, I still struggle with listening — I often fail to follow the fast speed of native speakers. To solve this problem, I plan to listen to English podcasts and songs for 30 minutes every day. I will also take more listening exercises to make progress.
How about your daily study
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华的名义给笔友Peter回信，告诉他英语学习的情况。
【详解】1、词汇积累
进步：progress→advance
专注于：focus on→concentrate on
没能做某事：fail to do→be incapable of doing
解决：solve→resolve
2、句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：To solve this problem, I plan to listen to English podcasts and songs for 30 minutes every day. I will also take more listening exercises to make progress.
拓展句：To solve this problem, not only do I plan to listen to English podcasts and songs for 30 minutes every day, but also I will take more listening exercises to make progress.
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