资源简介

(共24张PPT)
UNIT 2　Onwards and upwards
(单元主题语境：人与自我——个人成长)
Section Ⅱ　Using language
动词-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语
一、动词-ing形式作宾语
[感知]
1．(2023·全国乙卷)I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph.
我经常早早离开，寻找合适的目的地，这样我就可以早点准备好，避免错过我想要拍摄的那一刻。
2．David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children，but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid.
大卫患有脑部疾病，这使他不能像其他孩子一样走路或跑步，但在学校里，他的同学认为他是一个正常的孩子。
3．I was unwilling to talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not staying out with my friends too late.
我不愿意和他说话，他不准我和朋友在外面待到很晚，我也常常不听从。
4．The father insisted on his son's/his son going to college.
爸爸坚持要求儿子上大学。
[归纳]
1．动词-ing形式可以跟在动词后面作宾语。
2．动词-ing形式作介词宾语常用在动词短语后。
3．动词-ing形式的复合结构：形容词性物主代词/人称代词宾格/名词所有格/名词的普通格＋动词-ing形式。
(1)常见的只能接动词-ing形式不能接动词不定式作宾语的动词
①表示“建议”“完成”“推迟”和“想象”：suggest、finish、postpone、delay、imagine
②表示“需要”“承认”“介意”和“原谅”：require、admit、mind、pardon、excuse
③表示“避免”“冒险”“练”“逃”和“错过”：avoid、risk、practice、escape、miss
④表示“允许”“考虑”“理解”“喜欢”和“欣赏”：allow、permit、consider、understand、enjoy、appreciate
(2)to为介词的短语
get used to、see to、pay attention to、take to、devote ...to、lead to、be accustomed to、adapt to、adjust to等。
[即练]
单句填空
1．(2023·全国甲卷)In the Digital Age，we're used to (have) what we need immediately and right at our fingertips.
2．It is very important that we should practice (speak) English every day.
3．For many years，I enjoyed (live) with my dogs，Tilly and Chance.
4．(2023·全国甲卷)Put off (watch) your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake.
having
speaking
living
watching
二、动词不定式作宾语
[感知]
1．(2023·全国甲卷)You should learn to say to yourself，“This is merely uncomfortable，not intolerable.”
你应该学会对自己说：“这仅仅是不舒服，而不是无法忍受”。
2．This summer，I decided to learn photography and it turned out to be an amazing journey.
今年夏天，我决定学习摄影，结果证明这是一段奇妙的旅程。
3．(2023·新课标 Ⅱ 卷)Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience.
学习去哪里寻找动物以及如何安全地享受您的野生动物观察体验。
4．I think it necessary for you to make some new friends，who will stay with you to make you happy.
我认为你有必要结交一些新朋友，他们会和你在一起，让你快乐。
[归纳]
1．动词不定式可以跟在动词后面作宾语。
2．动词不定式可以用于“疑问词＋不定式”结构作一些动词(show、understand、tell、explain、teach、learn、know、ask、decide、wonder等)的宾语。此用法中的动词不定式的逻辑主语需要与句子的主语或宾语一致，否则用宾语从句。
3．动词不定式的复合结构：for/of sb.to do sth.
后跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有：
(“希望”干)wish、hope、expect、long、desire；
(早“打算”)plan、mean、prepare、attempt、intend；
(“同意”“否”)agree、consent、refuse、decline；
(“寻”“问”看)seek、ask、beg；
(“选”“定”了)choose、decide、determine、promise；
(“尽”“自愿”)manage、volunteer、tend；
(“称”“失败”)claim、fail；
(“敢”“假装”)dare、pretend。
[即练]
单句填空/完成句子
1．That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%，and she plans (continue) the practice.
2．Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足) and accommodations aim (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
3．她许诺长大后给妈妈买一栋大房子。
She promises as she grows up.
to continue
to have
to buy her mother a big house
4．他给我们演示怎么做这项工作。
He showed us ．
5．我认为多参加一些活动对你来说很重要。
I think it important more activities.
how to do the work
for you to take part in
三、既可用动词-ing形式又可用动词不定式作宾语的动词(词组)
[感知]
1．(2023·新课标 Ⅰ 卷)When John Todd was a child，he loved to explore the woods around his house.
当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢在房子周围的树林里探险。
2．She started writing/to write short stories in high school.
她高中开始写短篇小说。
3．Don't forget to turn down the gas after an hour or so.
别忘了过一个小时左右把煤气关小点儿。(turn down 动作尚未发生)
4．I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.
我永远不会忘记第一次看见长城的情景。(see动作已经发生且完成)
5．The problem requires solving/to be solved immediately.
这个问题需要立即解决。
[归纳]
1．有些动词(如 like、love、hate、begin、start、continue、intend等)后既可跟动词不定式，又可跟动词-ing形式。动词不定式表示特定的未来事件，动词-ing形式表示抽象的概念，但在许多情况下两者没有明显的差别，可以互换。
2．某些动词(词组)后可跟动词-ing形式或动词不定式作宾语，但在意义上有着明显的差别。
3．动词want、need、require、demand作“需要”讲，而且当物作主语时，其后常跟动词-ing形式作宾语，用主动形式表示被动意义，如果跟动词不定式要用被动式。
下列动词(词组)后可跟动词不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语，在意义上差别很大：
When they saw the teacher，they stopped talking.
当他们看见老师时，他们停止了说话。(停止了talk这个动作)
She found me in trouble and she stopped to help me.
她发现我有麻烦，停下来帮我。(她停止了手中的事，转而帮助我)
[即练]
单句填空
1．After watching the video about the taikonauts in space，the boy meant (explore) space in the future.
2．Dieting also means (be) careful about which foods you buy.
3．“Remember (bring) your P．E.clothes to school，” said the teacher.
4．I clearly remember (hear) him come in just now.
5．These young trees require (water)．
to explore
being
to bring
hearing
to be watered/watering
四、动词-ing形式和动词不定式的使用原则
动词-ing形式和动词不定式在形式上分为一般式和完成式。一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。一定要根据句子表达的意义选用不同的形式。
动
词
-ing
形
式 doing 主动意义，表示习惯性的行为 动词-ing形式和不定式的否定形式是在其前直接加上not
being done 被动意义，表示习惯性的行为
having done 主动关系，已经做完
having been done 被动关系，已经被做完
动
词
不
定
式 to do 主动关系，动作尚未发生
to be done 被动关系，动作尚未发生
to have done 主动关系，已经做完
to have been done 被动关系，已经被做完
It's never been so important to spend time outside，whether that's because it's the only place 1. (experience) different scenes or because it offers mental and physical benefits through fresh air and exercise.I find it difficult 2. (motivate)，which，however，is where nature collecting can help.
Start by 3. (look) more closely at the flowers in your garden or trees on your street than ever before.How many species or unusual features can you spot？Pick up a fallen leaf or examine a pretty
to experience
to be motivated
looking
flower.Keep 4. (breathe)，switching on your sensory antenna(触角) and connecting with the bigger picture.Make an extra effort 5. (look)．Try 6. (listen)，smell，touch and taste.
When it comes to 7. (display) your finds，there are many methods to explore，from container displays，and pressed-flower art to other works of art.You can also take photos or make drawings of live animals，rare plants or other items，which you think need 8. (stay) in the wild，such as seashells and pebbles(鹅卵石) on the beach.Make it personal and，above all，enjoy 9. (do) such a thing!
breathing
to look
to listen
displaying
to stay
doing

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