资源简介

(共17张PPT)
UNIT 5　 Revealing nature
(单元主题语境：人与自然——认识与探索自然)
Section Ⅱ　Using language
过去完成时
过去完成时既可表示过去某个时间或动作之前所发生的事情(常用时间状语有already、before、ever、just、never、still、yet)，也可表示过去某个时间或动作之前所发生的动作一直持续到过去某个时间(常接时间状语：since＋时间点、for＋时间段)。
一、过去完成时的构成
[感知]
1．I had just finished half of the work by yesterday.
到昨天为止，我刚完成了一半工作。
2．David had not missed a single practice，and although he always finished his run long after the other children，he did always finish.
大卫没有错过任何一次训练，尽管他总是比其他孩子晚很久才完成跑步，但他总是会跑完。
3．Had they left before you got there
你到那里时他们已经离开了吗？
4．What had you done before I arrived here
我来这儿之前，你们做了什么？
[探究]
过去完成时的构成：
1．肯定句：主语＋had＋done.
2．否定句：主语＋had not＋done.
3．一般疑问句： ＋主语＋done
4．特殊疑问句： ＋had＋主语＋done
Had
疑问词
二、过去完成时的用法
[感知]
1．(2023·新课标 Ⅰ 卷)When I finally finished it，the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing.
当我终于写完时，获胜的念头早已让位于写作的乐趣。
2．By about 6000 BCE，people had discovered the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
到公元前6000年左右，人们已经发现了可供种植的最好的农作物和可供饲养的最好的动物。
3．We had expected that you would be able to win the match.
我们原来预料你们能够赢得比赛。
4．It was the first time in my life that I had got an “A”.
这是我平生第一次得“A”。
5．No sooner had they arrived home than they desperately asked Grandpa where the bird was.
他们一到家就急切地问爷爷那只鸟在哪里。
6．He told me he had watched the sunrise at the top of Mount Tai.
他告诉我他已经在泰山山顶看过日出了。
[归纳]
1．表示在过去某个动作或时间之前已经发生或完成的动作，即“过去的过去”，常与by、before等引导的时间状语连用。
2．表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的动作，常与for、since引导的时间状语连用。
3．表示过去未实现的计划或愿望，常用动词有hope、expect、suppose、think、want、intend、mean、plan等。
4．用于“It was the first/second ...time that ...”“It was＋一段时间＋since从句”等句型中，从句用过去完成时。
5．在“hardly/scarcely ...when ...”“no sooner ...than ...”等结构中，主句一般使用过去完成时。
6．在表示过去动作先于主句动作发生的宾语从句中，从句用过去完成时。
在含有after或before引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，由于主句和从句的动作先后关系明显，所以可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
After he left (＝had left) the classroom，the teacher came in.
他离开教室后，老师进来了。
The train left (＝had left) before he got there.
他还没到那里，火车就开走了。
[即练]
单句填空/完成句子
1．(2023·全国乙卷)However，instead of the brownish red hair she ____
(hope) for，she finally got purple hair.
2．It was the first time that I (perform) on stage，so I was kind of nervous but pretty excited.
3．We watched a video about the achievements we (make) in the last few centuries.
hoped
had
had performed
had made
4．When I came back home，I learned that a kind man ______________
(return) my cellphone to my mom.
5．我刚到公共汽车站，公共汽车就开动了。
Hardly when the bus started.
6．我从来没有想到体育比赛的气氛会如此紧张。
I the atmosphere at a sports event could be so intense.
had returned
had I got to the bus stop
had never imagined that
三、几个时态的区别
[感知]
1．(2023·新课标 Ⅰ 卷)Within weeks，it had all been digested，and all that was left was pure water.
几周之内，它(污泥)就被消化了，只剩下纯净的水。
2．(2023·全国乙卷)As a photographer, I have spent the last two years recording everything I discovered.
作为一名摄影师，我在过去的两年里记录了我发现的一切。
3．(2023·新课标 Ⅱ 卷)In April last year，I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka.
去年4月，我在PNP(飞行员和脚爪)网站上看到了来自托皮卡的一个家庭的帖子。
[探究]
1． 完成时表示“过去的过去”，即表示在过去某一时间或动作之前完成的动作，是以过去某一时间为基准的。
2． 完成时表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常用来表示与现在仍有联系的过去的事或物。
过去
现在
3． 时侧重发生在过去的客观事实；而过去完成时强调动作发生在“过去的过去”，一定有一个表示过去的参照点。
[即练]
单句填空/完成句子
1．My friend Andrew (live) in a foreign country for many years before he returned to England.
2．He once (work) as a lecturer，but now he is a manager.
3．His brother (be) the conductor of the orchestra for many years.
4．He (learn) maths all by himself by the age of fourteen.
一般过去
had lived
worked
has been
had learned
5．他们是5点钟完成的作业。
______________________________________
6．他们5点钟已经完成了作业。
_________________________________________
They finished their homework at five o'clock.
They had finished their homework at five o'clock.
A cow and a fox went out to search for food together.They 1.______
(go) only a few miles before they saw a lion coming their way.They 2. (be) both very frightened.The fox thought of a way of saving his own life，and went up to the lion and said in his ear，“I
3. (help) you get hold of the cow without the trouble of hunting him，if you let me go.” The lion 4. (agree)．The fox then led the cow passing by a hidden pit(坑)，which some hunters 5. (dig) as a trap for wild animals，and the cow fell into it.When the lion saw that
had
gone
were
will help
agreed
had dug
the cow 6. (catch) and couldn't get away，he turned his attention to the fox.He soon 7. (finish) him off，and then went on to eat the cow.
Betray(背叛) a friend，and you'll often find you 8.______________
(destroy) yourself.
had been caught
finished
have destroyed

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