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UNIT 6　Nurturing nature
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
The Sky Railway
Sitting back in my seat，I can't quite believe that I'm about to travel① along the railway that many foreign experts claimed② was “impossible”． The train has been racing along steadily③ since it left Xining. All this time，the song “Sky Railway” has been playing inside my head.The words “railways like massive④ dragons are winding among the mountains” seem particularly⑤ vivid⑥ as I travel across the “roof of the world”．
本句的主干是I can't quite believe；现在分词短语sitting back in my seat 作状语；“that I'm about to travel ...”为宾语从句，作believe的宾语，其中又含有一个that引导的定语从句，修饰the railway。
since引导时间状语从句，主句用了现在完成进行时，表示“火车一直行进”。
I was one of the people who came from all parts of China to work on this railway． Taking years to complete，the Qinghai-Xizang Railway is a record of all of our efforts to overcome⑦ the most difficult engineering⑧ challenges. How to protect the delicate⑨ ecosystem was among the top concerns⑩.
who引导定语从句，修饰the people。
现在分词短语作状语。
“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构，在句中作主语。
The first landmark to catch my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge， the world's longest bridge built over permafrost ．Look！A group of Tibetan antelopes is moving under the bridge， with some stopping to eat grass at their leisure ．Thirty-three passages have been built under the railway to allow the animals to move safely and freely in their natural habitat .Wild animals such as these Tibetan antelopes have now been using these passages for years.They seem totally unaware that we are speeding past at over 100 kilometres an hour．
作Qingshuihe Bridge的同位语，其中过去分词短语built over permafrost作后置定语，修饰bridge。
with复合结构，在句中作伴随状语。
that引导宾语从句。
To prevent damage to wetlands and grasslands ，675 bridges with a total length of about 160 kilometres were built between Golmud and Lhasa.We even moved 140，000 square metres of wetland to a new area in order to protect its distinct ecosystem.
The journey has been flying by ，and before I know it，we have reached Tanggula Station. Located at over 5，000 metres above sea level，this is the highest railway station in the world.In locations such as this ，the thin air，changeable weather and high levels of UV radiation presented perhaps the greatest challenge for railway workers. To
make sure we stayed healthy，several oxygen-making stations were constructed.We were also able to enjoy regular breaks in lower areas.
过去分词短语作状语。
不定式短语作目的状语，其中we stayed healthy是宾语从句，作make sure的宾语。
As we pass Cuona Lake，I feel a sense of pride and achievement . Using thousands and thousands of sandbags，we built a twenty-kilometre wall along the lake to protect it from construction waste. Cuona Lake is so close to the railway that I want to reach out and touch its pale blue mirror-like surface. Water birds playing in the lake，and cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life .
现在分词短语作方式状语。
“so ...that ...”意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。
现在分词短语playing in the lake和wandering the grasslands作后置定语，分别修饰water birds和cattle and sheep。
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been attracting people's admiration for centuries.Now，thanks to our efforts，passengers from all over the country have been enjoying these magical landscapes.I am proud that we built our “impossible” railway，and did so with the care that the environment deserves .It truly is an extraordinary “Sky Railway”．
◆难词注解
①be about to do sth.即将做某事
※be about to do sth.when ...即将做某事，这时……
②claim v．声称；断言
③steadily adv.平稳地
④massive adj.巨大的
⑤particularly adv.特别，尤其
⑥vivid adj.生动的；逼真的；清晰的
⑦overcome v．克服
⑧engineering n．工程(设计)；工程学
⑨delicate adj.脆弱的
⑩top concerns 最关心的问题
landmark n．地标
catch one's eye 引起某人的注意
splendid adj.壮丽的
permafrost n．永久冻土层
Tibetan adj.西藏的
antelope n．羚羊
at one's leisure 空闲时
※leisure n．空闲，闲暇
allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事
habitat n．(动物的)栖息地；(动植物的)生活环境
seem unaware that ...似乎不知道/未意识到……
wetland n．湿地
grassland n．草原
with a total length of 总长度为……
in order to do sth.为了做某事
distinct adj.明显的，截然不同的
fly by (时间)飞逝
such as this 这样的
radiation n．辐射
present v．引起，造成
make sure 确保
feel a sense of pride and achievement 感到一股自豪感和成就感
protect ...from ...保护……免受……
reach out 伸手
mirror-like adj.如镜面般的
wander v．徘徊
scenery n．风景，景色
bring ...to life 使……更生动
plateau n．高原
admiration n．赞赏，钦佩；羡慕
thanks to 多亏，由于
all over the country 全国
deserve v．应得，应受到
参考译文
天路
靠坐在火车的座位上，我仍然不敢相信，我将要沿着许多外国专家声称“不可能建成”的铁路开始一段旅程。火车从西宁出发，向前平稳行驶。一路上，我的脑海中不断回响起《天路》这首歌曲。当火车开过“世界屋脊”时，“一条条巨龙翻山越岭”的歌词变得更加生动鲜活起来。
修建青藏铁路的工人来自全国各地，而我就是其中之一。青藏铁路历时数年建成，凝聚着我们攻克种种工程难题的全部心血。其中，如何保护脆弱的生态系统是我们高度重视的问题之一。
最先映入眼帘的地标性建筑是壮观的清水河大桥，它是世界上最长的高原冻土铁路桥。看！一群藏羚羊正从桥下走过，有的则停下来悠闲地吃草。铁路桥下修建了三十三条野生动物通道，让动物得以在自然栖息地中安全自由地通行。就像现在的这群藏羚羊一样，野生动物们使用这些通道已有数年。它们似乎完全没有意识到我们正以每小时100多千米的速度呼啸而过。
为了避免破坏湿地和草原，我们在格尔木和拉萨之间建造了675座大桥，全长约160千米。我们甚至将一块14万平方米的湿地迁往一个新的区域，以保护其独特的生态系统。
火车一路疾驰，还没等我反应过来，就已经到达了唐古拉车站。它位于海拔5 000多米的地方，是世界上海拔最高的火车站。在这样的高海拔环境中，氧气稀薄，天气多变，还有强烈的紫外线辐射，这些恐怕是我们铁路工人面临的最大挑战。因此建造了多个制氧站以确保工人的身体健康，我们还会定期到低海拔地区休整。
火车经过措那湖时，一股自豪感和成就感在我心中油然而生。当年，沿着措那湖边，我们用成千上万个沙袋筑起了一道二十千米的保护墙，使它免受建筑废料的污染。现在，措那湖离火车这么近，我好想伸出手去摸一摸它那镜面似的浅蓝色湖面。湖面上嬉戏的水鸟，草原上游荡的牛羊，让这片风景充满勃勃生机。
几个世纪以来，青藏高原是无数人向往的地方。如今，由于我们的付出，来自全国各地的旅客都能亲眼观赏到这片神奇的土地。我们建成了一条“不可能建成”的铁路，并且给予当地环境充分的保护，我为此感到骄傲和自豪。青藏铁路真是一条了不起的“天路”。
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
THE BEST JOB IN THE WORLD
How would you like to spend six months living① on an island and looking after② the Great Barrier Reef？The working hours are flexible③ and accommodation④ is provided. Key duties include⑤ exploring⑥ the islands of the reef and finding out⑦ what the area has to offer. You'll need to report back via⑧ weekly blogs，photo diaries and video updates.You'll also be asked to promote the islands through newspapers，magazines and TV interviews.
复合句。and连接两个并列动名词短语作宾语；what引导宾语从句，作finding out的宾语。
This call for an island caretaker attracted interest from all over the world.It was actually a very clever means to highlight⑨ the importance of the Great Barrier Reef and the need to protect it.
Located off the coast of North-east Australia，the Great Barrier Reef is the largest living thing on the planet.About the size of Japan，it even can be seen from outer space⑩.More than 25 million years old，the Great Barrier Reef is made up of living coral growing on dead coral.It is host to many species of birds and sea creatures.But this unique and delicate place is now under threat from pollution and climate change.
To get this job，the candidates had to make a short video showing how much they knew about the reef. They also needed to prove why they were the best person to do the job．Out of the thousands of applicants ，eleven were selected ，including a young woman from China.Eventually ，the job was offered to Ben Southall from the UK.
本句的主干是the candidates had to make a short video。不定式短语to get this job作目的状语；现在分词短语showing how much they knew about the reef作后置定语修饰a short video，其中how引导宾语从句。
why引导宾语从句，作prove的宾语。
Ben did a lot during his time as an island caretaker.In addition to blogging，taking photos and writing articles about the reef，he made a number of appearances on television to argue in favour of its defence.He also worked as a presenter for the National Geographic Channel，before going on to write a book about his experiences.Ben later joked that the job should have been advertised not as the “best”，but the “busiest job in the world”！
that引导宾语从句，作joked的宾语。宾语从句中“not ...but ...(不是……而是……)”连接并列成分；从句中含有should have done结构，表示“本应该做某事而实际上未做”。
Whether it was a genuine job offer or an eye-catching marketing event isn't really important.The most important thing was that people all over the world became aware of the beauty of the ocean in the area． What's more，they came to understand the delicate balance that the environment exists in and what can，and must，be done to protect the reef.That way，it will remain a safe habitat for wildlife，as well as a dream destination for the millions of tourists who visit it each year.
that引导表语从句。
复合句。主语是they，谓语是 came to understand，宾语是the delicate balance和“what can，and must，be done to protect the reef”。the delicate balance后面的 that引导定语从句，修饰balance。
◆难词注解
①spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事
②look after 照顾，照料
③flexible adj.灵活的，可变通的
④accommodation n．住处
⑤include v．包括
⑥explore v．探索；考察；勘查
⑦find out 查明，弄清
⑧via prep.通过(某人、某机器等)传送(某物)；借助于
⑨highlight v．突出，强调
⑩outer space 外太空
※outer adj.在外的，外面的
be made up of 由……组成/构成
host n．寄主，宿主
unique adj.独一无二的，独特的
delicate adj.脆弱的
under threat 受到威胁
candidate n．申请者
applicant n．申请人
select v．挑选；选择；选拔
eventually adv.终于，最终
offer sth.to sb.向某人提供某物
in addition to 除……之外(还)
a number of 许多，大量
in favour of 支持，赞同
※favour n．支持，赞同
work as 从事……工作
presenter n．主持人
go on to do sth.继续做某事(另一件事)
※go on doing sth.继续做某事(同一件事)
advertise v．(为……)做广告(宣传)
※be advertised as ...被宣传为
not ...but ...不是……而是……
become aware of 意识到……
come to understand 开始明白，开始了解
habitat n．(动植物的)生活环境；(动物的)栖息地
as well as 也，和
destination n．目的地，终点
参考译文
世界上最棒的工作
你愿意在一座岛上生活六个月，并照看大堡礁吗？这份工作时间灵活，并提供住宿。你的主要职责包括探索大堡礁的各个岛屿，探寻当地的自然资源。你需要通过每周更新博客、创建照片日志和拍摄视频的方式来汇报工作成果。你还需要通过报纸、杂志和电视采访等宣传大堡礁。
这则岛屿管理员的招聘广告吸引了全世界的兴趣。这其实是一种绝妙的手段，既突出了大堡礁的重要性，又强调了大堡礁需要人类保护。
大堡礁位于澳大利亚东北部近海处，是地球上最大的生物。大堡礁整体面积接近日本的国土面积，甚至从外太空都能看得到它。大堡礁已有2 500万年的历史，由生长在死珊瑚上的活珊瑚组成。它是许多鸟类和海洋生物的栖息地。但如今，这一独特又脆弱的区域正在遭受污染和气候变化的威胁。
要想得到这份工作，应聘者需要拍摄一个简短的视频，展示自己对大堡礁的了解程度。另外，应聘者还需要证明为何自己是这个职位的最佳人选。数千名应聘者中，入选人有十一个，其中还包括一个年轻的中国姑娘。最终，来自英国的本·索撒尔获得了这份工作。
本在做岛屿管理员期间做了很多事情。除了发布博客、拍照片和写关于大堡礁的文章外，本还多次在电视上露面号召保护大堡礁。在写了一本关于他的经历的书之前，本还担任过国家地理频道的主持人。本后来开玩笑说，这份工作不应该被宣传为“最棒的”，而应该是“世界上最忙的工作”！
不管这是一个真正的工作机会，还是一场吸引眼球的营销活动，其实都不重要。最重要的是，全世界都认识到了这片大海的美丽。而且，人们还意识到环境存在于微妙的平衡之中，也知道了人类能够且必须采取什么行动来保护大堡礁。只有如此，大堡礁才能继续作为野生动物的安全栖息地以及每年数百万游客梦寐以求的旅游目的地。

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