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UNIT 4　Meeting the muse
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
What inspires① you
Every artist's wish is to create something that expresses an idea.But where do artists get their ideas from？Who or what inspires them？Here we find out② more about the influences③ behind the successes of three very different artists.
动词不定式短语作表语。如果主语是以duty、hope、idea、happiness、job、plan、problem、purpose、thing、wish等为中心的名词短语，动词不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
Florentijn Hofman，visual④ artist
Florentijn Hofman is a Dutch⑤ artist， whose large sculptures⑥ are on display⑦ all over the world． One way for him to find inspiration is turning to⑧ his children's toys. These objects have given him ideas for his animal sculptures，such as the famous Rubber Duck.A more recent work⑨ of his is the huge Floating⑩ Fish, which was set among the beautiful landscape of Wuzhen West Scenic Zone．
whose引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作large sculptures的定语。
不定式的复合结构for him to find inspiration作后置定语，修饰One way；动名词短语turning to his children's toys 作表语，解释说明主语One way的内容。
which引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明Floating Fish。
Hofman's inspiration for Floating Fish came from Chinese folk tales passed down through the generations ．He was particularly interested in the old story about a fish jumping through the “Dragon Gate”．This story came to life for Hofman when he visited Wuzhen and saw how people lived there.
过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰Chinese folk tales。
现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰a fish。
“During the walk and my stay here in the town，I saw the fish being fed by people．You see also some fish sculpted on the wall.” These sights set Hofman's idea for Floating Fish in motion .
being fed是现在分词的被动形式，在句子中作感官动词see的宾语补足语。
Tan Dun，composer
“There is no territory in the world of music.” These are the words of Chinese composer Tan Dun.He is most widely known for composing music for the film Crouching Tiger，Hidden Dragon and the 2008 Beijing Olympics.
To listen to Tan's music is to experience a mix of Chinese musical traditions and Western influences. Since his first opera ，Nine Songs，Tan Dun has been using a combination of Chinese music and sounds from all over the world to tell stories. As Tan once said，Chinese
music should carry “universal expression” of the human spirit so as to be recognised by the whole world.
To listen to Tan's music为动词不定式短语作主语；“to experience a mix of ...influences”为动词不定式短语作表语。
As引导非限制性定语从句，As指代整个主句。主句中不定式短语so as to be recognised by the whole world作目的状语。
Dao Meilan，dancer
Dao Meilan's passion is dancing.Widely known as the “Peacock Princess”，she has dedicated her life to this art.Born into a Dai family in Xishuangbanna，Yunnan Province，Dao showed her talent for dancing from an early age.Her inspiration has come from the rich cultural heritage and traditional stories of her home town， which often feature the peacock，a symbol of natural beauty and good luck.She created amazing dances to bring out the charm of the beautiful birds and the local people's lives.One of her most famous works is The Golden
Peacock.Through years of effort，she has made her dances into a graceful picture of Dai culture，for audiences in China and around the world.
which引导非限制性定语从句。关系代词 which 指代前面的 heritage and stories。
“In China，I dance to represent the Dai people，and abroad，I dance to represent China.A true artist must carry the spirit of their country in their heart ，” said Dao.
◆难词注解
①inspire v．给(某人)创作灵感；激励，鼓舞
※inspiration n．灵感
②find out 查明，弄清；发现
③influence n．影响；有影响的人(或物) v．影响
④visual adj.视觉的；视力的
⑤Dutch adj.荷兰的
⑥sculpture n．雕像，雕塑品，雕刻品
⑦on display 展出；陈列
⑧turn to 求助于；转向
⑨work n．作品
⑩float v．浮，漂
landscape n．风景，景色
folk adj.民间的，民俗的
folk tale 民间故事
pass down 流传下来
generation n．一代(人)；一代，一辈
particularly adv.特别，尤其
come to life开始动起来；变得更有趣，变得活跃
set ...in motion 使……开始
※motion n．动，运动
territory n．领土，版图，领地
compose v．作(曲)
※composer n．作曲家
crouch v．蹲下；蹲伏
experience v．经历
mix n．混合；混合体
opera n．歌剧
combination n．结合，联合
so as to do sth.为了做某事，以便做某事
recognise v．承认；赏识；看重
passion n．热情，激情
dedicate v．致力于，献身于
show talent for在……方面展现出天赋
heritage n．遗产；传统
feature v．以……为特色，突出
symbol n．象征
bring out使显现，展现出
graceful adj.优美的，优雅的
audience n．观众
represent v．代表
carry ...in one's heart将……铭记于心
参考译文
你的灵感从哪儿来？
每位艺术家都希望通过创作表达自己的理念。而这些理念从何而来？是谁，抑或是什么启发了他们？下面，我们进一步发掘了三位大不相同的艺术家成功背后的因素。
弗洛伦泰因·霍夫曼，视觉艺术家
弗洛伦泰因·霍夫曼是一位荷兰艺术家，他创作的大型雕塑在世界各地进行展出。他的孩子们的玩具是他的一个灵感来源。霍夫曼从这些玩具身上得到启发，从而创作出动物雕塑，比如著名的《大
黄鸭》。他最近的新作是一条巨大的“浮鱼”，位于风景宜人的乌镇西栅景区内。
霍夫曼表示，《浮鱼》的灵感源自世代相传的中国民间故事。他对“鲤鱼跃龙门”的古老故事尤其感兴趣。当他游览乌镇，看到当地居民的生活时，这个故事立马生动地浮现在他的脑海中。
“我住在镇上期间，散步的时候，看到人们在喂鱼。墙上还有鱼形的浮雕。”这些画面让霍夫曼渐渐浮现创作《浮鱼》的念头。
谭盾，作曲家
“音乐的世界没有边界。”中国作曲家谭盾如是说。这位著名的作曲家曾为电影《卧虎藏龙》配乐，并为2008年北京奥运会创作音乐。
欣赏谭盾的音乐，就是在感受中国音乐的传统和西方影响的交融。从他的第一部歌剧《九歌》开始，谭盾一直在用中国音乐和来自世界各地的乐音讲述故事。他(谭盾)曾说过，中国音乐要承载人文精神的“共同理念”，才能被世界认可。
刀美兰，舞蹈家
刀美兰热爱舞蹈。被誉为“孔雀公主”的她将一生都奉献给了舞蹈这门艺术。刀美兰出生于云南省西双版纳的一个傣族家庭，自幼便展现出舞蹈天赋。她的灵感来源于家乡丰富的文化遗产和传统故事，这些故事常以孔雀为主题——孔雀是自然之美与好运的象征。她创造了令人惊叹的舞蹈，以展现这种美丽鸟类的魅力以及当地人民的生活。她最著名的作品之一是《金色的孔雀》。经过多年的努力，她将自己的舞蹈打造成了一幅展现傣族文化的优美画卷，呈现给中国乃至全世界的观众。
“在中国，我跳舞代表傣族；在国外，我跳舞代表中国。一位真正的艺术家必须将祖国的精神铭记于心。”刀美兰说道。
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
ART & TECHNOLOGY
Think “art”．What comes to your mind①？Is it Greek② or Roman sculptures in the Louvre，or Chinese paintings in the Palace Museum？Or maybe，just maybe，it's a dancing pattern③ of lights
The artworks by American artist Janet Echelman look like colourful floating clouds when they are lit up④ at night． Visitors to one of her artworks in Vancouver could not only enjoy looking at it，they could also interact with⑤ it—literally⑥.They did this by using their phones to
change its colours and patterns.Exhibits⑦ such as these⑧ are certainly new and exciting，but are they really art
when引导时间状语从句。
not only ...(but) also ...意为“不仅……而且……”，此处连接两个并列分句。
Whatever your opinion，people have been expressing their thoughts and ideas through art for thousands of years. To do this，they have used a variety of⑨ tools and technologies.Yet Michelangelo and others have been labelled as⑩ “artists” rather than “technicians ”．This means that art and technology have always been seen as two very separate things.
whatever your opinion作让步状语，相当于whatever your opinion is。whatever意为“无论什么，不管什么”。
动词不定式作目的状语。
Today，however，technological advances have led to a combination of art and technology.As a result ，the art world is changing greatly.Now art is more accessible to us than ever before.Take for example one of China's most famous paintings from the Song Dynasty，Along the River During the Qingming Festival. As this artwork is rarely on display，people have sometimes queued up to six hours for a chance to see it. Once in front of the painting，they only have limited time to spend taking in its five metres of scenes along the Bian River in Bianjing.Thanks to technology however，millions more
people have been able to experience a digital version of this painting.Three-dimensional (3D) animation means that viewers can see the characters move around and interact with their surroundings ．They can also watch as the different scenes change from daylight into nighttime．
As引导原因状语从句。
此处是状语从句的省略，补充完整为Once they are in front of the painting。
that引导宾语从句，其中“see the characters move ...surroundings”是“see＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
as引导时间状语从句。
The art-tech combination is also changing our concepts of “art” and the “artist”． Not only can we interact with art，but also take part in its creation. With new technological tools at our fingertips ，more and more people are exploring their creative sides.The result has been exciting new art forms，such as digital paintings and videos.
“not only ...but also ...”连接两个并列句子。此处not only位于句首，其后的句子要用部分倒装。
with复合结构作状语。
However，the increase in the amount and variety of art produced has also raised questions over its overall quality .Can a video of someone slicing a tomato played in slow motion really be called “art”？
Similarly ，such developments are making the line between art and technology less distinct .Can someone unfamiliar with traditional artists' tools really call themselves an “artist”？And is the artist the creator of the art itself，or the maker of the technology behind it？A recent project used technology and data in the same way that Rembrandt used his paints and brushes．The end result， printed in 3D，
was a new “Rembrandt painting” created 347 years after the artist's death．These advances are perhaps bringing us closer to a time when computers rather than humans create art．
that引导定语从句，修饰先行词way。
过去分词短语作后置定语，分别修饰result和“Rembrandt painting”。
when引导定语从句，修饰先行词a time。
Where technology will take art next is anyone's guess.But one thing is for sure — with so many artists exploring new possibilities，we can definitely expect the unexpected .
where引导主语从句。
with复合结构作条件状语。
◆难词注解
①come to one's mind 出现在某人脑海里
②Greek adj.希腊的
③pattern n．图案；花样；式样
④light up 点亮；照亮
⑤interact with ...与……互动
⑥literally adv.根据字面意思
⑦exhibit n．展览品
⑧such as these 诸如此类的
⑨a variety of 各种各样的
⑩label ...as ...(指不公正地)把……称为……
rather than 而不是
technician n．巧匠
be seen as ...被看作……
separate adj.不同的；不相关的
technological advances 技术进步
lead to 导致，引起；通向
as a result 结果；因此
be accessible to易受影响的
take ...for example 以……为例
queue v．排队等候
up to 多达
limited adj.有限的
take in 领会；理解
thanks to 幸亏；由于
digital adj.数字的，数码的
animation n．动画片
surroundings n．环境；周围的事物
art-tech combination 艺术与科技的结合
concept n．概念；观念
fingertip n．指尖
※have sth.at one's fingertips手头有某物，对某物了如指掌
creative adj.创造性的
※creation n．创造；创建
raise questions over提出疑问
overall quality 整体质量
slow motion 慢动作
similarly adv.相似地；类似地
distinct adj.清晰的；明显不同的
be unfamiliar with ...对……不熟悉
in the same way 以同样的方式
bring sb.closer to ...使某人更接近……
for sure 肯定
definitely adv.确切地；肯定地
the unexpected 意想不到的事情
参考译文
艺术与科技
说到“艺术”，你会想到什么？是卢浮宫里希腊或罗马的雕塑？抑或是故宫博物院里中国的名画？又也许，仅仅是也许，是一片舞动的光影？
美国艺术家珍妮特·艾克曼创作了一系列艺术品，晚上将其点亮时，它们就像七彩浮云。其中在温哥华展出的那一件，人们不仅可以欣赏它，甚至可以与之互动。人们可以通过操作自己的手机改变它的颜色和图案。像这样的展览品，毋庸置疑，是新潮的激动人心之作。然而，这些真的可以算是艺术吗？
无论你的看法如何，人们数千年来一直在用艺术来表达自己的思想和理念。为此，人们使用了各种各样的工具和技术。然而，米开朗基罗等人一直被称为“艺术家”而非“能工巧匠”。这就意味着艺术和科技一直被看作两个截然不同的领域。
然而如今，科技的进步使得艺术与之结合，并且极大地改变着艺术世界。现在，我们比以往任何时候都更容易接触艺术。例如，中国宋朝的传世名画之一《清明上河图》，因其极少被展出，人们有时要排队等上六个小时才有机会一睹其容。即使站到了画前，人们也只有有限的时间来欣赏这一描绘汴京汴河沿岸风光的五米长卷。
然而，在科技的帮助下，已经有数百万人得以观摩这幅画作的数字化版本了。利用3D动画技术，观赏者可以看到画中的人物四处走动并与周围事物互动。他们甚至还可以看到从白天到夜晚画中不同场景的变化。
艺术与科技的结合同样改变着我们对“艺术”和“艺术家”这两个概念的理解。我们不仅可以与艺术作品互动，还可以参与到艺术作品的创作中。通过唾手可得的新兴科技工具，越来越多的人开始发掘自己创新的一面，数字绘画、视频等激动人心的新型艺术形式应运而生。
然而，艺术作品在数量和种类上的增加同时带来了整体质量上的问题。将一个人切西红柿的视频慢动作播放，真的可以被称作“艺术”吗？
同样，这种发展也模糊了艺术与科技的边界。那些并不熟悉传统艺术工具的人真的可以自诩为“艺术家”吗？艺术家到底是艺术本身的创造者，还是艺术背后技术的创造者？最近有一个科研项目用科技手段和数据还原了伦勃朗的绘画方式。最终，在这位艺术家去世347年后，通过3D打印技术，一幅全新的“伦勃朗画作”诞生了。也许，这些先进的技术正带领我们走进一个由电脑而非人类创造艺术的时代。
科技将会推动艺术发展至何种地步，我们不得而知。但唯一确定的是：随着众多艺术家探索全新的可能性，我们一定可以期待意外的惊喜。

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