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UNIT 1　Laugh out loud!
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
The Best Medicine
As I approach① the hospital wearing my white coat，I look just like② any other doctor.That is until I put on③ my curly④ rainbow wig⑤，big red nose，and add my name badge⑥ “Doctor Larry Laugh-Out-Loud”．I walk through the doors into the waiting area， where there's a familiar atmosphere⑦ of boredom⑧ and tension⑨．People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs， looking through⑩ old magazines，all of which have been read hundreds of times previously ．Anxious parents do what they can to comfort nervous and crying children．
As引导时间状语从句，其中现在分词短语wearing my white coat作伴随状语。
where引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明the waiting area。
现在分词短语looking through old magazines 作伴随状语；all of which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰old magazines。
what引导宾语从句，作do的宾语；不定式短语“to comfort ...children”作目的状语。
In the middle of this particular scene I spot a small girl whose ankle is twice its normal size．I speak with the on-duty nurse， who tells me that Lara's parents rushed her to the hospital after she fell off her bicycle．Since getting here，Lara has spent her time crying in pain . Although it's the doctors and nurses who will treat her injury，it's my job to make her feel better.
whose引导定语从句，修饰a small girl；twice its normal size是倍数表达法。
who 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰the on-duty nurse，其中that引导宾语从句，作tells的直接宾语，after引导时间状语从句。
Although引导让步状语从句；从句使用了“it is ...who ...”强调句型，who可用that替代。主句中，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。
Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better，which means clown doctors can be helpful .We are specially trained clowns who work as part of a programme known as “hospital clowning”．I chose this career because of my experience of going to hospital when I was a kid.Although the doctors and nurses did a great job，hospitals weren't really designed for children.I spent much of the time when I was there feeling frightened and more than a little bored! Being a clown doctor means I can help people by entertaining them.
that引导宾语从句，其中不定式短语to make people feel better作后置定语，修饰chemicals；句中which引导非限制性定语从句。
who引导定语从句，修饰clowns，其中过去分词短语“known as ‘hospital clowning’”作后置定语，修饰a programme。
动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
Visiting hospitals and other health care facilities ，we clown doctors work together with medical professionals .On a typical day，we spend our time cheering up patients，their families，and more often than not ，the hospital staff，too！We do this by doing magic tricks，singing songs，telling stories and，of course，telling silly jokes.Some children，though，don't feel like laughing ，especially if they're in pain.We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses， who keep us updated on each patient．
现在分词短语作时间状语。
who引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明the doctors and nurses，其中keep us updated是“keep＋宾语＋done”结构。
And my magic medicine does indeed seem to do the trick . While the doctor concentrates on examining Lara's ankle，I get her attention by doing a magic trick.Although she is clearly still in some pain，her scared and anxious look has been replaced—first by a small smile，and then by loud laughter as I “magically” produce her sock from out of my pocket. Seeing their daughter so much happier has in turn made Lara's parents more relaxed.
While引导时间状语从句。
动名词短语作主语。
And as for me？Well，when I take off my wig and my red nose，I'm still wearing a big smile，as I remember all the fun and laughter of the day. While there might be more hospital visits ahead for Lara and others，I hope that clown doctors help make it a friendlier place to visit.After all， it really is true that “laughter is the best medicine”．
While引导让步状语从句，while 意为“虽然，尽管”。
句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。
◆难词注解
①approach v．走近；靠近；接近
②look like 看起来像
③put on 穿上；戴上
④curly adj.卷曲的
⑤wig n．假发
⑥badge n．徽章
⑦atmosphere n．气氛，氛围
⑧boredom n.厌倦，厌烦；无聊
⑨tension n．紧张；焦虑
⑩look through 浏览，快速查看；透过……看；识破，看穿
hundreds of 数以百计的；很多
previously adv.以前，先前
comfort v．安慰，抚慰
spot v．看见，注意到，看出
ankle n．脚踝
rush sb./sth.to sp.紧急送某人/某物去某处
fall off 从……上掉下来
since prep.自从……以来，自从……之后
spend some time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事
in pain 痛苦地；感到疼痛
treat v．治疗，医治
make sb.do sth.让某人做某事
clown n．小丑
helpful adj.有用的；有帮助的
specially trained 经过专门训练的
work as 从事……工作
be known as 被称为……；作为……而出名(后接身份)
※be known for因……而出名(后接原因)
because of 因为，由于
go to hospital 去医院看病
be designed for 专为……而设计
more than 非常，十分
entertain v．使快乐
health care 医疗保健
facility n．(特定用途的)场所，建筑
work together 合作，一起工作
professional n．专业人士 adj.专业的
typical adj.典型的，有代表性的
cheer up(使)高兴起来，(使)振作起来
more often than not 通常，往往
feel like doing sth.想要做某事
※would like to do sth.想要做某事
sensitive adj.善解人意的；敏感的
do the trick 奏效，达到预期效果
concentrate on 集中注意力于
examine v．检查(身体)
be replaced by 被……取代
produce v．出示；拿出；提出
in turn 反过来；依次，轮流
as for 至于；就……而言
take off 脱下，脱去
friendly adj.友好的
after all 毕竟；终究
参考译文
最佳灵药
当我穿着白大褂走向医院的时候，我看起来跟其他医生一样——直到我戴上卷曲的彩虹色假发和大红鼻子，别上我的徽章“拉里·笑哈哈医生”为止。我穿过一道道门进入候诊区，这里充斥着常见的厌烦和紧张情绪。人们别扭地坐在塑料椅上，翻阅着那些已经被读过几百次的旧杂志。焦虑的父母正竭尽所能安抚紧张哭闹的孩子。
在这样的场景中，我注意到一个小女孩，她的脚踝是正常尺寸的两倍大。我和值班的护士交谈时，她告诉我，劳拉从自行车上摔下来，她的父母匆忙将她送到医院。自从来到这里，劳拉就一直因为疼痛而大哭。尽管为她治疗伤痛的是医生和护士，但让她的心情变好则是我的工作。
科学研究表明，欢笑能令人产生一些有益身心的化学物质，这就意味着小丑医生能帮到患者。我们是受过专门培训的小丑，是被称作“医院小丑”项目的成员。我选择这个职业是由于我自己小时候去医院的经历。尽管当时医生和护士都尽职尽责，但医院实在不
是一个适合孩子们待的地方。我在那里的大部分时间要么觉得害怕，要么感到非常无聊！成为小丑医生意味着我可以用使人们快乐的方式来帮助他们。
作为小丑医生，我们要走访医院和其他的医疗保健机构，和专业医疗人员一起工作。我们一天的工作内容通常是为病人、病人家属，甚至是医院的工作人员带来欢乐！为此，我们会变魔术、唱歌、讲故事，当然还会讲一些滑稽的笑话。尽管如此，有些孩子并不想笑，尤其是在他们感到疼痛的时候。所以我们必须非常善解人意，并且与医护人员密切合作，他们会为我们提供每个病人的最新情况。
而我的灵药似乎确实取得了成效。当医生全神贯注检查劳拉的脚踝时，我用魔术来吸引劳拉的注意力。尽管很明显能看出她仍然有一些痛苦，但她恐惧和焦虑的表情已经被笑容取代——先是一个小小的微笑，接着变成了大笑——当我“魔术般地”从我的口袋里变出了她的一只袜子。看到女儿破涕为笑，劳拉的父母也松了一口气。
而我呢？当我摘下假发和红鼻子的时候，脸上仍然带着大大的微笑，因为我记得这天所有的乐趣和欢笑。也许将来，对于劳拉或者其他人来说，他们还有更多到医院就诊的需要，而我希望，小丑医生能够帮助医院成为一个更温暖友善的就诊场所。毕竟，“欢笑是最佳灵药”，这句话是千真万确的。
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
The Importance of Humour
Humour has been an essential① part of human behaviour for thousands of② years.There is comedy in the texts of Ancient Greece，and medieval③ writings are filled with④ jokes. While these same jokes might not be as funny to us now as they were then，their authors understood that humour could not only entertain⑤ but also throw new light on⑥ sensitive or emotive⑦ issues.
While引导让步状语从句，其中“not as ...as ...”意为“不如……”；主句中，that引导宾语从句，作understood的宾语，其中“not only ...but also ...(不仅……而且……)”连接并列谓语动词。
Closer to⑧ modern times，someone who is remembered for⑨ his ability to combine humour with⑩ more serious messages is American writer Mark Twain.Twain's particular style of writing is funny and often mischievous .For example，in his classic novel The Adventures of Tom Sawyer，he famously says，“Writing is easy. All you have to do is cross out the wrong words.” But he is equally well known for his witty remarks in his everyday interactions with people.For instance ， while on a lecture tour of the United States，Twain went into a barber's shop to get a haircut and a shave .The barber， not recognising him，
asked if he had a ticket to the lecture.When Twain replied that he didn't，the barber told him that if he wanted to go to the event he would have to stand， as there were no seats left in the theatre．Twain's response was，“That's just my luck.I always have to stand when that fellow lectures ！”
who引导定语从句，修饰someone，其中不定式短语“to combine ...messages”作后置定语，修饰ability。
All作主句主语，其后省略that的定语从句中含有实义动词do，作表语的不定式可以省略不定式符号to。
状语从句的省略形式，其完整形式为while he was on a lecture tour of the United States。
现在分词短语作定语，修饰The barber。
as引导原因状语从句；there were no seats left是“there be＋名词＋非谓语动词”结构。
Like Twain，but on the other side of the world，the Chinese writer Wang Zengqi was soon to become famous for his own unique brand of humour .In his essay “On Humour”，Wang used fewer than 600 characters to introduce several humorous examples of famous people， concluding that，“The world is full of amusing things． The thought of them would always make you laugh out loud ，even when you're just sitting by yourself .”
现在分词作状语。
句中使用了“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构；when引导时间状语从句。
Wang believed that humour not only shows one's personality ，but also reflects a person's attitude towards life.He himself gives the best example to the word “humour”．One day，one of his readers flattered him by saying，“Gaoyou is famous for ，first，the poet Qin Shaoyou，and second，Wang Zengqi.”Wang didn't show any displeasure but only gave a gentle response，“No.Gaoyou salted duck eggs are much more famous than me.I can only stay in the third place.” On another occasion ，Wang was invited to give a speech in the US and was scheduled to speak last.He walked to the podium and
began，“Unfortunately，none of today's speakers have last names starting with X，Y，or Z，so I am the last one to speak. Speaking last is difficult because everyone is already very tired. But don't worry.My speech will be as short as a rabbit's tail.”
句中动名词短语作主语；because引导原因状语从句。
Both Twain and Wang understood that humour isn't just about laughter，but is a way of life and a tool that can be used to illuminate the world．Wang once said，“Life may be like a dream，short and uncertain.But I pour my true feelings into it.The world gave me its love first，so I cannot help but love it back.” Life is never smooth sailing and sometimes can be complicated and cruel .But humour can help us maintain our enthusiasm for life.In fact，some may argue that our need for humour is almost as great as our need for water and air.In the words of Mark Twain ，“Humor is mankind's greatest blessing ”．
that引导定语从句，修饰a tool。
◆难词注解
①essential adj.极其重要的，必不可少的
②thousands of 数以千计的
③medieval adj.中世纪的，中古时期的
④be filled with ...充满……的
⑤entertain v．使快乐
⑥throw light on使……更容易理解；阐明
⑦emotive adj.使情绪激动的
⑧close to 接近，靠近
⑨be remembered for ...因……而著名
※be remembered as ...作为……而著名
⑩combine ...with ... 把……和……结合起来
mischievous adj.调皮的，淘气的
classic adj.经典的
cross out划掉，删除
be known for ...因……而出名
remark n．言论；意见，评论
interaction n．交流
for instance＝for example 例如
barber n．男理发师
shave n．刮脸，刮胡子
fellow n．男人；家伙
lecture v．讲课；演讲
brand of humour 某种类型的幽默
※brand n．品牌，牌子
amusing adj.逗人发笑的，好笑的，有趣的
laugh out loud大声笑
by oneself 独自
personality n．个性；性格；魅力；气质
flatter v．奉承，讨好
be famous for以……而闻名
displeasure n．不悦；生气；烦恼
gentle adj.和蔼友善的，温和的，温柔的
on another occasion还有一次
podium n．表演台，讲台
a way of life一种生活方式
illuminate v．照亮，照明
complicated adj.难处理的；难懂的；复杂的
cruel adj.残忍的
enthusiasm n. 热情，热忱
argue that ...主张/认为……
in the words of sb.＝in one's words用某人的话来说
blessing n．幸事，幸运，福气
参考译文
幽默的重要性
数千年来，幽默一直是人类行为的重要组成部分。古希腊的文字中记载有喜剧，笑话也常常出现在中世纪的作品当中。虽然这些同样的笑话对现在的我们来说可能不像当时那么有趣，但它们的作者明白，幽默不只是一种娱乐的方式，它还可以使人们对敏感问题或有争议的问题产生新的认识。
到了近现代，美国作家马克·吐温因擅长用幽默的方式表达严肃的内容而著称。他独特的写作风格幽默风趣。例如，在他的经典小
说《汤姆·索亚历险记》中有一句名言：“写作很容易，你只需要把错误的单词划掉就行。”但他日常与人们交流中的诙谐言论同样出名。比如，有一次在美国做巡回演讲的时候，马克·吐温走进一家理发店去理发和刮脸。理发师没有认出他，问他有没有这场演讲的门票，马克·吐温说没有。理发师告诉他，如果他想去听演讲就只能站着了，因为剧院里没有多余的座位了。马克·吐温回答说：“真倒霉。只要那个家伙演讲，我就总是要站着！”
和马克·吐温类似，在世界的另一端，中国作家汪曾祺也很快因其独特的幽默风格而闻名。在他的短文《谈幽默》中，汪曾祺用不
到600字介绍了几个名人的幽默事例，并总结道：“人世间有许多事，想一想，觉得很有意思。有时一个人坐着，想一想，觉得很有意思，会扑哧笑出声来。”
汪曾祺认为，幽默不仅能展现一个人的个性，还能反映一个人对生活的态度。他自己就是“幽默”这个词的最佳例证。有一天，他的一个读者恭维他说：“高邮古有秦少游，今有汪曾祺。秦少游第一，您第二。”汪曾祺非但没有表现出任何不悦，反而温和地回应道：“不，高邮的咸鸭蛋比我更有名。我只能排第三。”还有一次，汪曾祺被邀请到美国发表演讲，被安排最后一个发言。他走到
演讲台，开口便说：“最后一个发言是困难的，因为大家都已经很疲倦。这要怪我倒霉的姓，姓的倒霉的第一个字母——W(今天所有的演讲者中没有一个姓是以X、Y或Z开头的)。不过大家可以放心，我的发言很短，短得像兔子的尾巴。”
幽默不仅能带来笑声，它还是一种生活方式，是一种可以用来照亮世界的工具，马克·吐温和汪曾祺都明白这一点。汪曾祺曾说：“人生如梦，短暂而不确定。我投入的却是真情。世界先爱了我，我不能不爱它。”人生从来都不是一帆风顺的，有时甚至是复杂而残酷的。但幽默可以帮助我们保持对生活的热情。事实上，有些人甚至会认为我们对幽默的需求几乎与我们对水和空气的需求一样强烈。用马克·吐温的话来说：“幽默是人类的头等幸事。”

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