资源简介

(共45张PPT)
UNIT 2　Onwards and upwards
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
We Regret① to Inform② You ...
“We regret to inform you ...” These are the words that every writer dreads③ receiving，but words every writer knows well.The response④ from a publisher comes back and the writer eagerly⑤ opens and reads it， their hearts sinking when they reach that final sentence．You may have spent years giving⑥ up⑦ your weekends and free time to write your life's work，yet still this is often not enough.Everyone knows that success rarely⑧ happens overnight⑨，but
perhaps not many know that a lot of highly successful writers have previously⑩ faced rejection .
that every writer dreads receiving和every writer knows well 均为定语从句，分别修饰前面的words。
“名词＋现在分词”构成的独立主格结构，在句中作状语，其中when引导时间状语从句。
Take for example J．K.Rowling.When she received her first rejection letter，she decided that it meant she now had something in common with her favourite writers，and stuck it on her kitchen wall.Rowling had spent years surviving on little money， spending all her time writing．When she finally finished her first book，she received comments from publishers along the lines of “too difficult for children”，“too long”，“Children would not be interested in it”．Nevertheless ，she persevered .“I wasn't going to give up until every single publisher turned me down ，but I often feared that
would happen，” she later posted.After a total of twelve rejections，one publisher eventually agreed to print 500 copies of her first book，and as we know，Harry Potter became a global success ，with over 400 million books sold and translated into more than seventy different languages．
现在分词短语作状语。
as 引导非限制性定语从句；“with over 400 million books sold and translated into ...”是with复合结构，作状语。
All too often writers of great works have had to face criticism along with rejection.J.D.Salinger started writing short stories in high school，but later struggled to get his works published .“We feel that we don't know the central character well enough” was the criticism he received on his manuscript for The Catcher in the Rye ．Despite rejections from several publishers，J.D.Salinger refused to give up. Even when serving in the US Army during the Second World War，he carried six chapters of The Catcher in the Rye with him and worked on the novel throughout his war service.When it was eventually published，the book became an immediate best-seller and went on to sell millions and millions of copies.
省略关系代词that或which的定语从句，修饰the criticism。
状语从句的省略形式，补充完整为“Even when he was serving in the US Army ...”。
Perhaps the overall prize for perseverance should go to three sisters from Victorian England who dreamt of seeing their words in print． This，however，was a time when women were not encouraged to become writers. As the then Poet Laureate ，Robert Southey，wrote to one of them：“Literature cannot be the business of a woman's life，and it ought not to be .”Nevertheless，the sisters didn't stop trying .Their response was to write a book of poems under male names．Even when the book sold only two copies，the sisters still didn't give up.They started writing novels，and today Charlotte Bront 's Jane
Eyre，Emily Bront 's Wuthering Heights and Anne Bront 's Agnes Grey are regarded as classics of world literature.In fact ， it is within the pages of Jane Eyre that we can find these words：“I honour endurance ，perseverance，industry ，talent；because these are the means by which men achieve great ends ...”
who引导定语从句，修饰three sisters。
“This/That/It is/was a time when ...”句式，意为“这/那/它是一个……的时代”，when引导定语从句，修饰a time。
as引导非限制性定语从句，Robert Southey作the then Poet Laureate的同位语。
不定式短语to write a book of poems under male names作表语。
使用了“it is ...that ...”强调句型，此处强调地点状语。
which引导的定语从句，修饰the means。介词by与the means 构成搭配by the means，意为“用这种方式”。
So，it seems that talent alone isn't enough to guarantee success. While a lot of hard work and a touch of luck play a part ，perseverance is the key.Keep trying and eventually you will read the words “We are delighted to inform you ...”
while引导让步状语从句，while意为“尽管，虽然”。
◆难词注解
①regret to do sth.遗憾地要做某事
※regret doing sth.后悔做了某事
②inform v．通知，告知
③dread v．畏惧，惧怕
※dread doing sth.害怕做某事
④response n．回答，答复；反应
⑤eagerly adv.急切地，渴望地
⑥spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事
⑦give up 放弃
⑧rarely adv.很少，难得
⑨overnight adv.突然，一下子
⑩previously adv.以前；先前
rejection n．拒绝，否决
take ...for example 以……为例
have something in common with ...与……有共同之处
stick ...on ...把……粘在……上
survive on ...靠……维持生活
along the lines of ...这一类的，类似的
nevertheless adv.然而，不过
persevere v．锲而不舍，坚持不懈
※perseverance n．不屈不挠，坚持不懈
turn down 拒绝
a total of 总共，总计，总数为……
eventually adv.终于；最终
agree to do sth.同意做某事
success n．成功的人或事
※此处是抽象名词具体化
all too often(＝only too often) 有太多时候，太过频繁
criticism n．批评；指责
along with ...与……一起
start doing sth.开始做某事
※start to do sth.开始做某事
struggle to do sth.努力做某事
get sth.done 使某事被做
manuscript n．手稿，底稿
rye n．黑麦
despite prep.尽管，虽然
refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事
serve in ...在……服役
work on 从事，致力于
throughout prep.在整个期间
best-seller n．畅销书；畅销产品
Victorian adj.英国维多利亚(女王)时代的
dream of doing sth.梦想做某事
encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事
then adj.当时的
※then作形容词时只用于名词前
Poet Laureate桂冠诗人
※laureate n．重要奖项获得者
ought not to do sth.不应该做某事
stop doing sth.停止做某事
be regarded as 被看作是……
classic n．名著；经典作品
in fact 实际上，事实上
endurance n．(忍)耐力
industry n．勤劳，勤奋
end n．目的，目标
it seems that ...似乎……，看上去像……
guarantee v．保证；确保
a touch of 少量，一点
play a part 起作用
delighted adj.愉快的，高兴的
参考译文
我们抱歉地通知您……
“我们抱歉地通知您……”这句话对每个作家来说既可怕又熟悉。出版商给了回信，作家急切地拆开来读，但读到这最后一句时，心为之一沉。你可能已经花费数年，放弃了周末和空闲时间去创作你的毕生作品，但这往往还不够。大家都明白，成功不是一蹴而就的；但也许很多人都不知道，很多卓越的作家也都曾被拒稿。
以J.K.罗琳为例，当她收到第一封拒稿信时，她决定把这看作自己与喜爱的作家之间有了共同之处，并把这封信贴在厨房的墙上。
罗琳过了很多年拮据的生活，她把所有时间都用来写作。当她终于完成第一本书时，出版商给出的评价却是“对孩子来说太难理解”“太长”“孩子们不会感兴趣”等。尽管如此，她依然坚持不懈。“我不会放弃的，除非所有的出版商都拒绝我。不过我常常担心这真的会发生。”她后来说。在收到12封拒稿信后，终于有一家出版商同意将她的第一本书印刷500册。我们都知道，《哈利·波特》后来在全球大获成功，销量超过4亿册，被翻译成了70多种不同的语言。
写出伟大作品的作家也常常在被回绝的同时还要遭受批评。J.D.塞林格从高中时就开始写短篇小说了，但之后他的作品却难以发表。“我们觉得自己无法充分理解中心人物。”这是《麦田里的守望者》的手稿受到的批评。即使被多家出版商回绝，J.D.塞林格也从未放弃。甚至在二战期间在美国陆军服役时，他还随身携带了《麦田里的守望者》一书的六章内容，继续对小说进行修改。最终，这本书一经出版，便立刻成为畅销书，卖出了上千万册。
也许，坚持不懈的最高荣誉应该颁给来自英国维多利亚时代的三姐妹。她们梦想着看到自己的作品出版。然而，这是一个不鼓励
女性成为作家的时代。正如当时的桂冠诗人罗伯特·骚塞在给她们其中一位的信中写道：“文学不可能也不应该成为女人的事业。”尽管如此，三姐妹并没有放弃尝试。她们的应对方式是以男性名字为笔名写了一本诗集。虽然这本诗集只卖出了两册，但她们还是没有放弃，转而开始写小说。如今，夏洛蒂·勃朗特的《简·爱》、艾米莉·勃朗特的《呼啸山庄》和安妮·勃朗特的《艾格妮丝·格雷》被认为是世界文学的经典之作。其实，这正印证了我们在《简·爱》中读到的：“我崇尚忍耐、坚毅、勤奋、天赋；因为只有依靠这些，人们才能实现宏大的目标……”
因此，仅凭天赋似乎不足以保证获得成功。不懈的努力和一点点运气固然很重要，但坚持不懈才是关键。坚持下去，你终会收到这样的回复：“我们高兴地通知您……”
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
Three Days to See
I have often thought it would be a blessing① if each human being were stricken② blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life．Darkness would make him more appreciative③ of sight；silence would teach him the joys of④ sound.
省略引导词that的宾语从句，作thought的宾语，从句使用了与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。
Now and then⑤ I have tested my seeing friends to discover what they see. Recently，I asked a friend who had just returned from a long walk in the woods what she had observed. “Nothing in particular⑥，”she replied.
who引导定语从句，修饰a friend；what引导宾语从句，作asked的宾语。
How was it possible，I asked myself，to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of ⑦ note？I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me through mere⑧ touch.If I can get so much pleasure from touch，how much more beauty must be revealed⑨ by sight？And I have imagined what I should most like to see if I were given the use of my eyes，say⑩ for just three days．
本句的正常语序为“I asked myself，how was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of note？”。it是形式主语，后面的不定式短语“to walk for an hour ...note”是真正的主语。
what引导宾语从句，作imagined的宾语；其中if引导条件状语从句，使用了与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。
On the first day，I should want to see the people whose kindness and gentleness and companionship have made my life worth living．I do not know what it is to see into the heart of a friend through that “window of the soul”，the eye.I can only “see” through my fingertips the outline of a face.I should like to see the books which have been read to me，and which have revealed to me the deepest channels of human life and the human spirit．In the afternoon I should take a long walk in the woods and intoxicate my eyes on the beauties of the world of nature.That night，I should not be able to sleep.
whose引导定语从句，whose在从句中作定语。其中made my life worth living是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
and连接两个which引导的定语从句，修饰the books。
On my second day， I should like to see the pageant of man's progress，and I should go to the museums. I should try to probe into the soul of man through his art.The things I knew through touch I should now see.The evening of my second day I should spend at a theater or at the movies.
本段中用了五个“I should ...”，这种句子叫排比句，表达出作者渴望光明和对生活的热爱。后两个“I should ...”分别放在了句末和句中，从而强调了the things 和the evening of my second day，同时也使句子结构富于变化，避免了单调。
The following morning，I should again greet the dawn ，anxious to discover new delights ，new revelations of beauty.Today I shall spend in the workaday world，amid the haunts of men going about the business of life.
At midnight permanent night would close in on me again. Only when darkness had again descended upon me should I realize how much I had left unseen.
本句是倒装句。“only＋状语从句”位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。
I who am blind can give one hint to those who see：Use your eyes as if tomorrow you would be stricken blind．And the same method can be applied to the other senses.Hear the music of voices，the song of a bird，the mighty strains of an orchestra ， as if you would be stricken deaf tomorrow.Touch each object you want to touch as if tomorrow your tactile sense would fail．Smell the perfume of flowers，taste with relish each morsel ， as if tomorrow you could never smell and taste again．But of all the senses，I am sure that sight must be the most delightful .
本段中有四个as if引导的方式状语从句，从句均使用了与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。
(Excerpts from “Three Days to See” by Helen Keller)
◆难词注解
①blessing n．幸事，幸运
②strike v．突然发生(某种不幸)
※be stricken blind/deaf突然失明/失聪
③appreciative adj.感激的
※be appreciative of对……感激的
④the joys of ...……的乐趣
⑤now and then时常，有时，不时
⑥in particular 尤其，特别
⑦worthy of 值得……的
※worthy adj.值得尊敬的；值得赞赏的
⑧mere adj.仅仅，只不过
⑨reveal v．展现，显示
⑩say vt.假定，比方说
gentleness n．和蔼，温和
companionship n．友谊；友好交往
fingertip n．指尖
outline n．外形，轮廓
take/have a walk 散步
intoxicate v．使兴奋，使陶醉
the pageant of (历史事件的)缤纷场景
※pageant n．盛大的(露天)演出
probe v．调查；探究
※probe into探究……
dawn n．黎明，破晓
(be) anxious to do sth.渴望做某事，急于做某事
delight n．使人高兴的事
revelation n．展现，显示
workaday adj.平凡的；平淡的
amid prep.在……之中
haunt n．(某人)常去的地方
go about (以通常的方式)做某事
permanent adj.长久的；永久的
close in on 包围……；靠近……
descend v．降临；来临
hint n．提示
apply ...to ...把……应用于……
mighty adj.强有力的；雄伟的
strains of 音乐的曲调或旋律
orchestra n．(大型的)管弦乐队
tactile adj.触觉的
perfume n．香味
relish n．享受，乐趣
morsel n．(尤指食物的)一小片，一小块
delightful adj.令人愉快的，讨人喜欢的
参考译文
假如给我三天光明
我常常想，如果每个人在青年时期都有一段时间突然失明和失聪，那会是一件幸事，因为黑暗会使人更加珍惜视力，静默能教人享受声音的美妙。
我时常测试我那些看得见的朋友，想了解他们看到了什么。最近，我问一个在林子里散步了许久的朋友看到了什么，她答道：“没什么特别的。”
我自问，在林子里散步一小时之久，怎么可能没看到什么值得注意的东西呢？我一个看不见的人，仅仅通过触觉，都会发现许许多多令我感兴趣的东西。如果说仅凭触觉就能得到这么多的快乐，那么视觉能展现多少美好的事物啊？我想象过，如果我能被恩赐恢复视觉，哪怕只有三天，我最希望看到什么。
第一天，我想见见身边的人，他们用善良、温柔和陪伴使我的生命变得有价值。我无法理解通过“心灵的窗户”——眼睛，看透一个朋友的内心是怎样的感觉。因为我只能通过我的指尖“看到”一张面孔的轮廓。我还要看书，那些别人读给我的书，那些为我揭
示了人生和人类精神的深刻奥秘的书。到了下午，我要在树林中散步，让我的眼睛陶醉在大自然的美景中。这个夜晚，我将无法入睡。
第二天，我要了解人类发展的缤纷场景，我要去博物馆。我要通过艺术探究人类的灵魂。那些我之前通过触摸了解过的事物，我现在要亲眼看一看。而这一天的傍晚，我要在剧院或者电影院度过。
第三天清晨，我要再次迎接黎明，迫切地去探索更多愉悦，发现更多美好。这天我要过平凡的生活，到那些为生活忙碌的人常去的地方。
午夜，永久的夜将再次把我笼罩。只有当黑暗再次降临时，我才意识到，我还有那么多事物没有看到。
我，一个盲人，可以给那些看得见的人一个提醒：要像明天即将失明一样去使用你的眼睛。而这种方法也可以用在其他感官上：要像明天即将失聪一样，去仔细聆听音乐的旋律、鸟儿的歌唱、交响乐的震撼音符；要像明天即将失去触觉一样，去触摸你想感受的每一件物品；要像明天即将失去嗅觉和味觉一样，去细嗅花香、细品美食。但是，我敢肯定，在所有的感官中，视觉的享受一定是最令人愉悦的。
节选自海伦·凯勒《假如给我三天光明》

展开更多......

收起↑