资源简介

题型10 七选五（说明文）
题型简介
阅读理解七选五要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。
阅读理解七选五的备选项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。
文章体裁以说明文为主，语篇模式较为固定：提出问题——提供解决方案。文章题材较为固定：与学生的日常生活学习紧密相关。
设题类型
在高考英语“七选五”的说明文题型上寻求突破。要攻克这类题目，关键在于掌握两大核心能力：还原文章的宏观结构，以及理清句与句之间的微观逻辑。
把握设题角度：从宏观到微观——“七选五”题型本质上是考查你对语篇“骨架”与“脉络”的理解。其设题角度可以分为以下三个层面：
考向1 文章的结构骨架
说明文通常有清晰的整体结构（如总分总、并列、递进），设题时可能抽掉其中承上启下的关键段落或句子。同时，每个段落内部，也遵循着“主题句→展开说明→结论句”的基本结构。考题常会挖去段首的主题句或段尾的结论句，让你去补充。
考向2 段落的逻辑脉络
这是考查最频繁的层面，即句子之间的衔接与连贯。设题点主要分布在以下几种逻辑关系处：
顺承关系：上下文在意义上是延续、并列或递进的，常伴有 and, also, furthermore, moreover, in addition 等信号词。
转折关系：后文突然转向相反或相对的方面，常伴有 but, however, yet, on the contrary, instead 等信号词。
因果关系：一句是另一句的原因或结果，常伴有 because, since, as, therefore, thus, so, as a result, consequently 等信号词。
例证关系：用具体的例子来解释或证明前面的观点，常伴有 for example, for instance, such as, like 等信号词。
指代关系：利用代词（it, they, this, that, these, those等）或定冠词 the 来指代前文提及的内容，形成衔接。如果选项里包含代词，它的指代对象必须能在前文中明确找到。
考向3词汇的语义粘连
作者会通过词汇的重复、同义替换、反义对比或使用上下义词，来维系文章的连贯性。
原词/同义词复现：相同的词、或其同义词、近义词在上下文不同位置重复出现。
反义词复现：意义相反的词语在语境中相互呼应，形成对比。
上下义词复现：上文出现一个概括性的词（上义词，如 furniture），下文出现其具体类别（下义词，如 chair, table）。
解题思路
考向01：文章的结构骨架 - 解题技巧
此考向考查对文章及段落宏观结构的把握。解题关键在于 “定位空格功能”，即根据空格在文中的位置，判断其应起的作用。
若空格位于段首
功能判断：它通常是该段的主题句，用以概括段落核心思想。
解题技巧：向后看。重点阅读空格后面的句子，这些句子是对主题句的展开、解释或例证。正确选项必须能统领后文，后文内容必须紧紧围绕该选项展开。选项中若出现表示概括、定义的表达（如 In general,..., There are two main reasons...），需重点考虑。
若空格位于段中
功能判断：它通常起承上启下的作用，是细节逻辑的高发区。
解题技巧：瞻前顾后。精读空格前一句和空格后一句，分析它们之间的逻辑关系（是顺承、转折、因果还是例证）。选择的选项必须能够完美地衔接前后文意，使逻辑流畅。
若空格位于段尾
功能判断：它可能是该段的结论句，也可能是引出下文的过渡句。
解题技巧：向前看。回顾本段主旨。若为结论句，选项应是对本段内容的总结、概括或提出结论，常伴有 Therefore, Thus, In conclusion, In a word 等信号词。若为过渡句，则需与下一段开头有所呼应，为下一段内容做铺垫。
考向02：段落的逻辑脉络 - 解题技巧
此考向考查句与句之间的微观逻辑关系。解题关键在于 “识别逻辑信号”。
识别逻辑关系词
顺承/递进：关注 and, also, furthermore, moreover, in addition, first... second... 等。看到这些词，说明上下文是并列或意思递进的关系。
转折/对比：注意 but, however, yet, on the contrary, instead, while 等。这些词提示前后文意发生转折或形成对比。
因果：留意 because, since, as, so, therefore, thus, as a result, consequently 等。这些词明确指出了原因与结果的关系。
例证：注意 for example, for instance, such as, like 等。这些词表明后面是对前面观点的具体举例说明。
关注代词指代
这是一个非常重要的解题线索。留意空格前后出现的代词（如 it, they, this, that, these, those, such 等）。
如果选项中含有代词，你必须确保其指代的内容在上下文中是明确且单一的。正确选项往往能与上下文中的代词形成合理的指代关系，或者其本身的代词能在上下文中找到指代对象。
考向03 词汇的语义粘连 - 解题技巧
此考向考查通过词汇手段实现的语篇连贯。解题关键在于 “寻找词汇复现”。
原词复现
相同的词汇在上下文不同的位置重复出现。这是最直接、最明显的线索。正确选项中常常会包含与上下文（尤其是空前空后）相同的核心名词、动词或形容词。
同义/近义复现
上下文使用意义相同或相近的词汇。例如，上文中出现 solve，下文中可能出现 deal with 或 address；上文中出现 important，下文中可能出现 significant 或 crucial。解题时需要具备一定的同义词转换意识。
反义复现
意义相反的词语在语境中相互呼应，形成对比。例如，上文中出现 advantage，下文中可能出现 disadvantage 或 drawback；easy 对应 difficult。这种对比关系也是重要的衔接手段。
上下义/范畴词复现
上文出现一个概括性的词（上义词，如 vehicle），下文出现其具体类别（下义词，如 car, bus, bicycle）。或者围绕一个核心话题（如 environmental protection），会出现一系列相关词汇（如 pollution, recycle, green energy）。找到这些属于同一语义场的词汇，有助于确定答案。
考向01 文章的结构骨架
【例1-1】（2026届四川省“元三维大联考”高三上学期第一次诊断考试）
Challenging, fun and engaging hobbies have the power to make us happier and healthier. 1 Here is how you can start and discover things you don’t yet know you’ll like.
Start small. Ease in to figure out if it’s right for you. For instance, sign up for a one-time dance class rather than a set of eight. 2 Say you enjoy learning to swim, but the next step is competing, and you don’t want to do that. Just stop there — you have spent enough of the day pushing yourself.
3 When you were a kid, what did you want to be when you grew up The answer could lead you to an appealing hobby. Revisiting activities you loved when you were young is a really helpful place to start. Those little things that once made you lose track of time often hold clues to what still excites you.
Ask yourself how you want to feel. 4 They can help you clear your mind and relax. Consider how exactly you want an activity to make you feel. If you long for a break from overthinking, knitting could be a good choice to relax you. If you want to be socially connected, joining a book club can let you interact with others and build warm connections.
Keeping an open mind, even if it doesn’t seem your thing. We’re wired as humans to be curious and open, but in a very burned-out world, we forget that. So next time someone hands you a flier or invites you to tag along to an event, seize the opportunity. 5
A．Take a trip back in time.
B．Hobbies present an escape.
C．Think about your future career.
D．Plus, they often foster connections with others.
E．Your skills improve as you practise new hobbies.
F．It’s also smart to resist the pressure to overcommit.
G．It could be something you never imagined you’d love.
【答案】1．D 2．F 3．A 4．B 5．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了培养兴趣爱好的好处，并给出从小事做起、回顾过去等开启新爱好的方法。
1．由上文“Challenging, fun and engaging hobbies have the power to make us happier and healthier. (有挑战性、有趣且有吸引力的爱好能让我们更快乐、更健康)”可知，本空应继续说明爱好的好处；下文引出开启爱好的方法，需用过渡句衔接。D选项“Plus, they often foster connections with others. (此外，它们还能促进人与人之间的联系)”中“they”指代前文“hobbies”，既补充了爱好的另一好处，又自然过渡到下文，符合题意。故选D。
2．由上文“Start small. Ease in to figure out if it’s right for you. (从小处着手，慢慢尝试判断它是否适合你)”和举例“sign up for a one-time dance class rather than a set of eight. (报名一节舞蹈课而不是八节)”可知，本空应围绕“避免过度投入”展开；下文“Just stop there — you have spent enough of the day pushing yourself. (到此为止就好 —— 你已经花了足够多时间逼迫自己了)”进一步强调不勉强。F选项“It’s also smart to resist the pressure to overcommit. (抵制过度投入的压力也是明智的做法)”承上启下，符合题意。故选F。
3．由下文“When you were a kid, what did you want to be when you grew up The answer could lead you to an appealing hobby. Revisiting activities you loved when you were young is a really helpful place to start.(当你还是个孩子的时候，你长大后想成为什么？答案可能会引导你找到一个吸引人的爱好。重新审视你年轻时喜欢的活动是一个很好的起点)”可知，本空要说跟“回顾过去”有关的话题，A选项“Take a trip back in time.(时光倒流)”能概括下文，说明了要回顾过去，符合题意。故选A。
4．由上文“Ask yourself how you want to feel. (问问自己你想拥有怎样的感受)”和下文“They can help you clear your mind and relax. (它们能帮你理清思绪、放松身心)”可知，本空应说明爱好能带来的感受或作用；“They”指代本空所提内容。B选项“Hobbies present an escape. (爱好能提供一种解脱)”既呼应“想拥有的感受”，又能被下文“they”指代，符合题意。故选B。
5．由上文“Keeping an open mind, even if it doesn’t seem your thing. We’re wired as humans to be curious and open, but in a very burned-out world, we forget that. So next time someone hands you a flier or invites you to tag along to an event, seize the opportunity. (保持开放的心态，即使它看起来不是你的菜。作为人类，我们天生好奇且开放，但在一个非常疲惫的世界里，我们忘记了这一点。所以下次有人递给你传单或邀请你一起去参加活动时，抓住机会)”可知，本空要说跟“尝试新事物”有关的话题，G选项“It could be something you never imagined you’d love.(它可能是你从未想象过你会喜欢的东西)”能承接上文，说明了尝试新事物可能会带来惊喜，符合题意。故选G。
【例1-2】（安徽省江南十校2025-2026学年高三上学期第一次综合素质检测）
Every day, we speak to and spend time with the people who mean the most to us. However, think about how many people you interact with in a typical week are the ones you wouldn’t consider as close connections. 1 . In sociology, these are known as our “weak ties”, referred to as such to differentiate them from our strong ties, like close friends and family members.
2 . For example, if you spoke about your job hunt to a group of close friends, they might only be aware of the same job opportunities as you because you move in the same circles. However, mentioning it to an acquaintance, like a regular waiter, connects you to people outside your own social circle, which can provide unexpected job opportunities.
“Weak ties can serve special functions not served by close ties, including providing access to unique information and resources,” says Susan Sprecher, distinguished professor at Illinois State University. “Additionally, many people interact with more weak ties throughout a day than they do with close ties. 3 .”
Indeed, weak ties can give us a real mental health boost. A recent study done by Sprecher indicated people with wider connections of weak ties tend to be happier. 4 . They reported feeling more happiness and greater feelings of belonging on days when they interacted with more classmates than usual.
Given they have such a strong impact on our lives, why not create weak ties 5 . Often, this will mean going outside and speaking to people, whether it’s those you pass in the street, who serve you in shops, or with whom you share a class.
A．The research involved students
B．You find yourself in a better mood
C．We just need to engage with other people
D．Weak ties can have a smaller effect than you might think
E．This diverse social network is related with good health and well-being
F．For example, you chat with the guys who regularly serve you at the store
G．Strong ties tend to form closed social groups with limited new information
【答案】1．F 2．G 3．E 4．A 5．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了社会学中的“弱连接”概念（指非亲密朋友或家人的人际关系），阐述了其在提供独特信息资源、促进心理健康等方面的作用，并给出建立弱连接的建议。
1．根据上文“However, think about how many people you interact with in a typical week are the ones you wouldn’t consider as close connections.(然而，想一想在一个典型的星期里，你与之互动的人中有多少是你认为不亲密的人)”可知，上文提到了你认为不亲密的人，可推理出空白处在举例说明那些不亲密的人，与F项“For example, you chat with the guys who regularly serve you at the store(例如，你和经常在商店为你服务的人聊天)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。
2．根据下文“For example, if you spoke about your job hunt to a group of close friends, they might only be aware of the same job opportunities as you because you move in the same circles. However, mentioning it to an acquaintance, like a regular waiter, connects you to people outside your own social circle, which can provide unexpected job opportunities.(例如，如果你和一群亲密的朋友谈论你的求职，他们可能只知道和你一样的求职机会，因为你们在同一个圈子里。然而，如果你对一个熟人，比如一个经常为你服务的服务员提起这件事，就会把你和你社交圈之外的人联系起来，这可能会提供意想不到的工作机会)”可知，此处是在对比亲密关系和弱连接在信息获取上的不同，与G项“Strong ties tend to form closed social groups with limited new information(牢固的关系往往形成封闭的社会群体，导致新信息有限)”表达的含义一致，通过对比说明弱连接的优势，故选G项。
3．根据上文““Weak ties can serve special functions not served by close ties, including providing access to unique information and resources,” says Susan Sprecher, distinguished professor at Illinois State University. “Additionally, many people interact with more weak ties throughout a day than they do with close ties (伊利诺伊州立大学的杰出教授苏珊·斯普雷彻说：“弱连接可以发挥亲密关系无法发挥的特殊功能，包括提供独特的信息和资源。”“此外，许多人一天中与弱连接的互动比与亲密关系的互动更多”)”可知，此处是在说明弱连接的好处，与E项“This diverse social network is related with good health and well-being(这种多样化的社交网络与良好的健康和幸福有关)”表达的含义一致，进一步阐述弱连接带来的积极影响，故选E项。
4．根据下文“They reported feeling more happiness and greater feelings of belonging on days when they interacted with more classmates than usual.(他们报告说，在与比平时更多的同学互动的日子里，他们感到更快乐，更有归属感)”可知，此处是在说明研究的对象，与A项“The research involved students(这项研究涉及学生)”表达的含义一致，引出下文对研究结果的描述，故选A项。
5．根据上文“Given they have such a strong impact on our lives, why not create weak ties (鉴于它们对我们的生活有如此大的影响，为什么不建立弱连接呢？)”以及下文“Often, this will mean going outside and speaking to people, whether it’s those you pass in the street, who serve you in shops, or with whom you share a class.(通常，这意味着走出去和别人交谈，无论是你在街上遇到的人，在商店里为你服务的人，还是和你一起上课的人)”可知，此处是在说明建立弱连接的方法，与C项“We just need to engage with other people(我们仅仅需要和其他人交往即可)”表达的含义一致，承接上文的问题，引出下文具体的做法，故选C项。
【变式1-1】（2025届山东省大教育联盟高三下学期质量检测第二次联考英语试题）
It has long been known that sleep also plays a significant role in physical and emotional health. Now, researchers from the University of South Australia have published a new study in the Journal of Neuroscience. 1 This is good news for anyone who wants to study a foreign language.
According to a blog on Everywhere English, there are two phases that the brain cycles through when sleeping. 2 During this phase, which usually happens about an hour and a half after a person has fallen asleep, brain activity is high and shows levels that are similar to when that person is awake. This is when dreams occur. In non-REM sleep, brain activity is low.
3 But in fact, the researchers from the University of South Australia found that just the opposite is true.
According to a University of South Australia press release, the researchers conducted an experiment with 35 native English speakers. Half of the students learned the language in the morning and then went on with their days. 4 This way the researchers could record their brainwaves. Both groups were tested on their knowledge in the morning. The group that had slept soon after they studied performed significantly better than those who had not.
“ 5 It’s an active, transformative state for the brain,” Dr. Scott Cousins, a researcher at the University of South Australia, said in the press release.
A．Sleep is not just restful.
B．The first is called REM sleep.
C．Is sleep help you learn language
D．If you are active, you’ll have a good memory.
E．It investigates the way sleep helps people learn language.
F．But the other half studied in the evening and then slept at the lab.
G．One may think that memory and learning are gained when the brain is active.
【变式1-2】（2025届湖南省邵阳市高三下学期第二次联考英语试题）
Mental resilience (韧性) has become a vital skill in today’s fast-paced world. 1 Research indicates that individuals with high resilience levels are 35 % more likely to maintain mental health during long-term stress. Let’s explore scientific ally proven methods to strengthen this ability.
The Main Idea Explained
Resilience is not about reducing stress but managing it effectively. Emerging neurobiological evidence sheds light on this positively adaptive process. 2 Neuroscientists (神经学家) compare it to muscle training: facing proper challenged regularly improved mental ability to adjust. For instance, A 2023 Harvard study showed that proper stress increased brain thickness in areas related to making decisions.
Physical Activity as a Foundation
Exercise is universally recognized as a key resilience-building tool. During aerobic workouts, the body producers BDNF (脑源性神经营养因子), a protein important for brain development. 3 Meanwhile, this chemical process not only improved mood but also strengthens mental abilities. To maximize benefits, experts suggest combining 30 minutes of daily exercise with relaxation methods such as deep breathing.
The Power of Social Bonds
Human beings succeed through meaningful connections. Strong social networks act as psychological safety nets during c rises. 4 A Stanford University study over many years found that people with strong social support recovered 50 % faster from emotional difficulties than those who were isolated. Surprisingly, online communication through video calls was 80 % as effective as face-to-face meetings in recent tests.
Methods to Change Negative Thoughts
How we view difficulties shapes our mental resilience. Psychologists suggest changing extreme negative ideas like “I can’t handle this” into positive views such as “This is hard but possible.” 2022 study found that daily gratitude practice lowers stress hormones by 25 % in three weeks. 5
A．Therefore, building strong connections should be a key goal.
B．Creative activities like painting unexpectedly better stress tolerance.
C．Workplace culture significantly impacts employees’ stress management.
D．This natural process helps maintain stable emotions and enhanced clear thinking.
E．Moreover, actively noticing small daily successes helps develop positive thinking.
F．This psychological training strengthens the brain’s ability to handle future challengers.
G．It refers to the ability to recover from difficulties while keeping basic operations running.
考向02段落的逻辑脉络
【例2-1】（2025届广东省高三下学期3月综合能力测试（CAT） 英语试题）
Throughout our lives, we usually look for just one answer to each question we encounter, like when we ask what 2+2 equals or what the capital of India is. 1 The “one-problem, one-answer” mindset is deeply rooted in how we think.
But what happens if we’re asked to generate different responses instead of one correct answer 2 I asked them, “What if there is more than one way to record the answer to 2+2 ” They voiced varied answers, such as of 8, how Lincoln began “The Gettysburg Address”, the number of runners on a relay team, and the number following 3, etc. These kids weren’t “boxed in” by the artificial “requirement” of finding a single right answer. Rather, they were asked a question beginning with the two words “What if…… ” 3
What lies behind the issue then Ken Robinson has observed that our educational systems often don't help students develop their natural creativity. 4 Studies have shown that teachers claim to value qualities of independent thinking and curiosity, yet they reward behaviors of obedience. Thus, a workforce emerges that prioritizes conformity(顺从) over creativity. Simply stated, we tell students to color inside the lines and then expect adults to think outside the box.
5 Ask open-ended questions more often to encourage students to explore different ways of thinking. On top of this, a safe environment should be created where students feel comfortable taking risks and making mistakes. By doing so, students are better equipped to face complex problems with greater flexibility and innovation in the future.
A．Avoiding risks is a natural tendency.
B．However, they have the potential to succeed.
C．To find out, I approached a group of fourth-graders.
D．Instead, they promote uniformity and standardization.
E．The results, as you can see, were diverse and inventive.
F．Seldom do we consider the possibility of multiple answers.
G．It’s time to break free from the “single right answer” mindset.
【答案】1．F 2．C 3．E 4．D 5．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲的是原有的唯一正确答案模式禁锢着学生的思维，所以我们应该摆脱“唯一正确答案”的思维模式，多问一些开放式的问题，鼓励学生探索不同的思维模式。
1．根据空前“Throughout our lives, we usually look for just one answer to each question we encounter, like when we ask what 2+2 equals or what the capital of India is.(在我们的一生中，我们通常只为遇到的每个问题寻找一个答案，比如当我们问2+2等于多少或印度的首都是什么时。)”可知此处指出我们通常只为每个问题寻找一个答案，同时列举了2+2等于几或印度的首都是什么的例子，F项Seldom do we consider the possibility of multiple answers.(我们很少考虑多个答案的可能性。)指出对于一个问题我们很少考虑答案的多样性，承接上文，同时与空后“The “one-problem, one-answer” mindset is deeply rooted in how we think.(“一个问题，一个答案”的思维方式深深植根于我们的思维方式。)”构成因果关系，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境，故选F项。
2．根据空前“But what happens if we’re asked to generate different responses instead of one correct answer (但如果我们被要求给出不同的答案，而不是一个正确答案，会发生什么呢？)”可知此处提出了如果被要求给出不同的答案，而不是一个正确答案的情景假设，根据空后“I asked them, “What if there is more than one way to record the answer to 2+2 ”(我问他们：“如果记录2+2答案的方法不止一种呢？”)”可知此处提到了作者向一些人提出了如果记录2+2答案的方法有不止一种的问题，由them知空处应提到这些人是谁，C项To find out, I approached a group of fourth-graders.(为了找到答案，我找到了一群四年级学生。)承上启下，引出下文，空后的them指代选项中的a group of fourth-graders，符合上下文语境，故选C项。
3．根据空前“These kids weren’t “boxed in” by the artificial “requirement” of finding a single right answer. Rather, they were asked a question beginning with the two words “What if…… ”(这些孩子不会被人为的“要求”所“束缚”，只需要找到一个正确的答案。相反，他们被问了一个以“如果……会怎么样？”开头的问题。)”可知此处指出孩子们没有被要求只需要找到一个正确的答案，而是被问了一个“如果……会怎么样？”的问题，孩子们就给出了各种各样的答案，E项The results, as you can see, were diverse and inventive.(结果，正如你所看到的，是多样化和创造性的。)对上文进行总结，与上文衔接紧密，选项中的The results指的是上文所提到问题的答案，diverse and inventive与本段第一句中的different相互照应，符合上下文语境，故选E项。
4．根据空前“Ken Robinson has observed that our educational systems often don’t help students develop their natural creativity.(肯·罗宾逊观察到，我们的教育系统往往不能帮助学生培养他们天生的创造力。)”可知肯·罗宾逊发现我们现有的教育系统往往不能帮助学生培养他们天生的创造力，根据空后“Studies have shown that teachers claim to value qualities of independent thinking and curiosity, yet they reward behaviors of obedience.(研究表明，老师声称重视独立思考和好奇心的品质，但他们奖励服从的行为。)”可知研究表明我们的老师虽声称重视独立思考和好奇心的品质，但他们更奖励服从，D项Instead, they promote uniformity and standardization.(相反，他们提倡统一和标准化。)指出我们现有的教育系统提倡答案的统一和标准化，承接上下，引出下文，选项中的Instead与上文构成转折关系，they指代空前的our educational systems，符合上下文语境，故选D项。
5．空处位于段首，应为主旨句。根据空后“Ask open-ended questions more often to encourage students to explore different ways of thinking. On top of this, a safe environment should be created where students feel comfortable taking risks and making mistakes. By doing so, students are better equipped to face complex problems with greater flexibility and innovation in the future.(多问一些开放式的问题，鼓励学生探索不同的思维方式。最重要的是，应该创造一个安全的环境，让学生敢于冒险和犯错。通过这样做，学生们能够更好地面对复杂的问题，在未来具有更大的灵活性和创新性。)”指出要多问一些开放式的问题并鼓励学生探索不同的思维方式及这样做的意义，换句话说就是我们要摆脱传统的唯一正确答案的模式，G项It’s time to break free from the “single right answer” mindset.(是时候摆脱“唯一正确答案”的思维模式了。)指出是时候摆脱“唯一正确答案”的思维模式了，概括全段内容，符合上下文语境，故选G项。
【例2-2】（湖北省重点高中智学联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期10月联考英语试题）
Whether you like it or not, fall is here. Soon the weather will get colder. The leaves will die and the nights will stretch longer than the days. Another year is dying; that’s just how it goes.
Studies suggest that if you are deeply preoccupied with your thoughts, in the autumn, you may be at more risk for depression in the winter. Changing the clocks in the fall is associated with depressive episodes (changing them back in spring is not). 1
Psychologists say that the feelings that often crop up in autumn come from our discomfort with change, and an anxiety and uncertainty about what that change will bring.
2 And of these things the anxiety, the promise and even the careful thoughts — make it the ideal season to build resilience and practice mindfulness. Psychologists have also found that the thought of change, the ending of one thing, the beginning of another, and perhaps our own mortality, underlies a great deal of anxiety. Some of us struggle with “intolerance of uncertainty,” more than others.
But intolerance of uncertainty is a part of being human; everyone has it on some level. 3 One way to build tolerance is to lean into it — to cultivate uncertainty rather than running away from it.
4 Quietly sit on a park bench and watch a tree drop its leaves, for instance, examine the roses in the garden that need pruning ... in such moments, it’s important to stop thinking, analyzing, or having internal conversations about work or troubles or even whatever you are witnessing.
Autumn will probably hold some whisper of decay and mortality. 5 If you are always trying to avoid difficult feelings, you might end up also cutting yourself off from love, richness and sweetness. Dr. Wilson said, “this is how life is: sweet and sad, poured from the same vessel in equal measure.”
A．And it is changeable.
B．But it is not that bad.
C．But embracing that sadness is important.
D．More recently, it’s become a time to appreciate our surroundings.
E．Fall also brings with it bright, briskdays, pumpkin patches and cozy sweaters.
F．It is no wonder that the season has so many celebrations to attempt to keep our spirits up.
G．Another strategy experts suggest for soothing anxiety is to step back and simply observe the world around you.
【答案】1．F 2．B 3．A 4．G 5．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了秋天会出现的情绪波动甚至抑郁，并提出了一些调整方法。
1．根据上文“Studies suggest that if you are deeply preoccupied with your thoughts, in the autumn, you may be at more risk for depression in the winter. Changing the clocks in the fall is associated with depressive episodes (changing them back in spring is not).(研究表明，如果你在秋天被自己的想法深深占据，那么你在冬天患抑郁症的风险可能更大。在秋天调时钟与抑郁发作有关（在春天调时钟则不然）。)”可知，上文解释了选项发生的原因。故F选项“难怪这个季节有这么多的庆祝活动试图让我们振作起来。”切题。故选F项。
2．根据上文“Psychologists say that the feelings that often crop up in autumn come from our discomfort with change, and an anxiety and uncertainty about what that change will bring.(心理学家说，秋天经常出现的感觉来自于我们对变化的不适，以及对变化会带来什么的焦虑和不确定。)”和下文“And of these things the anxiety, the promise and even the careful thoughts— make it the ideal season to build resilience and practice mindfulness.(焦虑，承诺，甚至是仔细的思考，这些都使它成为建立适应力和练习正念的理想季节。)”可知，选项与上文为转折关系且承接下文说明情况也没有那么糟糕。故B选项“但也没那么糟糕。”切题。故选B项。
3．根据上文“But intolerance of uncertainty is a part of being human; everyone has it on some level.(但不能容忍不确定性是人类的一部分；每个人在某种程度上都有这种感觉。)”和下文“One way to build tolerance is to lean into it— to cultivate uncertainty rather than running away from it.(培养宽容的一种方法是向宽容靠拢——培养不确定性，而不是逃避不确定性。)”可知，选项承接上下文说明上文情况具有变化性。changeable呼应uncertainty。故A选项“而且它是多变的”切题。故选A项。
4．根据下文“Quietly sit on a park bench and watch a tree drop its leaves, for instance, examine the roses in the garden that need pruning ... in such moments, it’s important to stop thinking, analyzing, or having internal conversations about work or troubles or even whatever you are witnessing.(比如，静静地坐在公园的长椅上，看着一棵树落叶，审视花园里需要修剪的玫瑰……在这样的时刻，重要的是停止思考，分析，或对工作或麻烦甚至你所目睹的任何事情进行内心对话。)”可知，本段主要在说缓解焦虑的策略是退后一步，简单地观察你周围的世界。故G选项“专家建议的另一个缓解焦虑的策略是退后一步，简单地观察你周围的世界。”切题。故选G项。
5．根据下文“If you are always trying to avoid difficult feelings, you might end up also cutting yourself off from love, richness and sweetness.(如果你总是试图避免困难的感觉，你可能最终也切断了自己与爱，丰富和甜蜜的联系。)”可知，不能逃避悲伤而是要拥抱悲伤。故C选项“但拥抱悲伤是很重要的”切题，承接下文。故选C项。
【变式2-1】（2024届广东省高三下学期二模英语试题）
Artificial Intelligence (AI) geolocation (互联网定位技术) solutions are changing the way researchers track and monitor wildlife, enabling more powerful conservation efforts. These systems use advanced sensors, satellite imagery, and machine learning algorithms (算法) to gather real-time data on animal movements, habitat preferences, and migration patterns. 1
Traditional tracking methods often rely on non-automatic tracking or inconvenient necklace-like systems, which may cause stress and discomfort to the animals. 2 The devices can work as tags and the camera traps can be set up remotely, which decreases human impact on wildlife.
In addition, AI-powered devices collect and analyze data precisely. Through their assistance, scientists can gain insights into habitat choices and evaluate the effect of global warming on wild animal locations. 3 For example, by analyzing the collected data, conservationists can promote targeted habitat restoration efforts according to the patterns and connections they discovered with the help of AI geolocation devices.
4 By monitoring animals’ behavioral changes in real-time, researchers can quickly detect signs of environmental issues. Sudden changes in an animal’s movements could indicate threats or problems. Researchers can then respond immediately, potentially saving the animal’s life.
Sharing geolocation data through online platforms can also help raise awareness about protecting endangered species. 5 This help them feel more connected to the issues wildlife face in habitats. The bond promotes a sense of responsibility among individuals and encourages them to contribute to wildlife conservation efforts through various means, such as donations, volunteer work, and so on.
A．This knowledge enables them to make accurate and efficient decisions.
B．However, AI tracking does not require disturbing contact with the animals.
C．AI monitoring needs fewer battery replacements than the traditional methods.
D．The solutions have offered the following key benefits to wildlife conservation.
E．Directly engaging with conservation efforts gives people a first-hand experience.
F．The AI geolocation technology significantly reduces the need for massive fieldwork.
G．With real-time data, the AI solutions also function as an early warning for wildlife risks.
【变式2-2】（黑龙江省哈尔滨市第九中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中英语试题）
How to protect your privacy when you travel
It hasn’t been an easy year for the privacy of travelers, at least so far. Data leaks, surveillance (监视) worries and those troublesome cameras in airplane seatbacks and hotel rooms are enough to make passengers anxious. 1 Fortunately, there are ways to safeguard your privacy on land and in the air. These tips can help you deal with these troubles.
2 “It’s not clever to declare on Facebook that you’re travelling to somewhere, reminding a wide range of people that your property is sitting empty,” says Danny McLoughlin. “That puts your security at risk.” Wait until you return to start posting vacation photos.
Some homeowners renting their residences may install security cameras. Travelers should find out if the hosts are required to disclose the presence of surveillance devices. If the rental comes with cameras, ensure they aren’t in a sensitive area by conducting a careful sweep. 3
Although you can’t control how a hotel or airline handles—or mishandles—your data, you can take reasonable steps to ensure the information it has won’t get you into trouble. 4 But some of the worst data leaks happen when you’re staying at a hotel. For example, a hotel clerk sometimes asks for your name and then announces your room number after you’ve checked in. You’re better off handing the employee your ID when he or she asks for your name and asking him/her to write your room number on a piece of paper. Why 5 Just to be sure, never leave the customer copy behind. You can destroy it later, but keep it under your control.
A．It’s never been better.
B．Perhaps they shouldn’t be.
C．Never broadcast your journey on social media.
D．There are other people on the other side of the wall.
E．However, travelers are not powerless against these threats.
F．Some travelers only offer the bare minimum, such as a P.O.box instead of a home address.
G．Report anything doubtful to the host immediately—and if you don’t like what you hear, leave.
考向03词汇的语义粘连
【例3-1】（2024届福建省泉州市高中毕业班5月高考适应性监测）
While most of us work hard to shine at the presentations and speeches we can prepare for, we may find impromptu (即兴的) communication scary. Actually, you just need to learn specific skills to communicate effectively when put on the spot. Here are a few pointers.
1 What do you want your audience to know How do you want them to feel, and what do you want them to do Having a clear objective paired with an awareness of your audience will narrow your focus. Then you can prioritize what to say and choose your exact words more wisely.
Organize Your Thoughts. When making formal presentations, most people give a logical structure that audiences can easily follow. But few of us adequately organize thoughts in impromptu situations. 2 In fact, the best speakers maintain audience interest by demonstrating connections among specific points, ideas, for example.
Listen as well as you talk. 3 You should do the opposite: focus on listening so that you can better understand the in-the-moment needs and interests of your conversation partners and respond more effectively. Paraphrasing or asking open-ended follow-up questions can help confirm your understanding and provide extra time to think about your response.
Dare to be dull. Don’t feel you need to give a standout performance. One popular saying applies here, “ 4 ” Listeners are more likely to trust and approve of you when you speak like a human being rather than an actor or a robot. Research shows that the most effective speech includes moderate use of fillers such as “um” and “uh”.
The real problem in impromptu communication isn’t an inability to communicate. 5 Fortunately, a measure of experimentation thought, and practice of the skills can make impromptu speaking opportunities your time to shine.
A．Identify a communication goal.
B．He knows most who speaks least.
C．Don’t let the perfect be the enemy of the good.
D．It’s being so nervous that we struggle with the talks.
E．We may assume that it’s impossible to do so on the fly.
F．A clear structure enhances comprehension and engagement.
G．Most people obsess over what to say during impromptu encounters.
【答案】1．A 2．F 3．G 4．C 5．D
【导语】本文是一篇关于即兴沟通技巧的说明文。文章通过提供具体的建议帮助读者在没有准备的情况下有效沟通。
1．下文“Having a clear objective paired with an awareness of your audience will narrow your focus. (拥有一个清晰的目标，加上对听众的了解，将有助于集中你的注意力。)”说明要明确沟通目标并了解听众，空格处需要一个与此相一致的选项，因此A项“Identify a communication goal. (确定一个沟通目标。)”中的关键词goal和本段相符，故选A。
2．下文“In fact, the best speakers maintain audience interest by demonstrating connections among specific points, ideas, for example. (事实上，最好的演讲者通过展示特定点和想法之间的联系来保持听众兴趣。)”说明优秀的讲话需要有一定的逻辑结构，因此F项“A clear structure enhances comprehension and engagement. (清晰的结构增强理解和参与度。)”与下文一致，故选F。
3．下文“You should do the opposite: focus on listening so that you can better understand the in-the-moment needs and interests of your conversation partners and respond more effectively. (你应该做相反的事情：专注于倾听，这样你就能更好地理解对话伙伴的即时需求和兴趣，并更有效地回应。)”说明在谈话中,我们应该更加注重倾听而不是说话,因此G项“Most people obsess over what to say during impromptu encounters. (大多数人在即兴场合过于纠结于该说什么。)”与下文的do the opposite逻辑相符，故选G。
4．下文“Listeners are more likely to trust and approve of you when you speak like a human being rather than an actor or a robot. (当你像一个人而不是演员或机器人那样说话时，听众更可能信任和赞同你。)”说明想要让对方更加信任自己，我们不应该像机器人那样发挥完美，机械回答，应该更像人类一样，有一些小错误，因此C项“Don’t let the perfect be the enemy of the good. (不要让完美成为好的敌人。)”与下文相一致，故选C。
5．下文“Fortunately, a measure of experimentation thought, and practice of the skills can make impromptu speaking opportunities your time to shine. (幸运的是，一些实验性思考和技能实践可以使即兴演讲机会成为你发光的时刻。)”可知通过这些小技巧，可以让人们在谈话中发挥出色，从而就不会紧张，因此D项“It’s being so nervous that we struggle with the talks. (正是因为我们太紧张，所以我们在谈话中挣扎。)”与下文相一致，故选D。
【例3-2】（山东省泰安市2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题）
A Community Garden Brings People Together
Tired of the dull gray of the city, some residents in our community decided to take action. They transformed an empty lot into a vibrant garden. 1 It is a place where people connect with nature and each other.
The garden is divided into small plots. Families and individuals can apply to grow their own vegetables and flowers. 2 “I never thought I’d enjoy getting my hands dirty so much,” said Mr. Davis, a retired teacher. “Seeing the seeds I planted grow into healthy plants gives me a great sense of achievement.”
3 Every Sunday morning, you can see neighbors watering plants, pulling weeds, and sharing gardening tips. Children especially love to help, learning where their food comes from. The garden has become an outdoor classroom for them.
The benefits go beyond fresh produce. 4 People who used to be strangers now stop to chat. The garden hosts parties, like a harvest festival in the autumn, which strengthens the community bond.
“This garden is more than just a piece of land,” said Mrs. Chen, one of the founders. “It’s a symbol of hope and cooperation.” 5 Indeed, the project shows how a small idea can grow into something that truly enriches everyone’s life.
A．For many, it’s the first time they have experienced the joy of gardening.
B．However, maintaining the public areas is a shared responsibility.
C．But this garden is much more than just a source of food and beauty.
D．It has also become a powerful tool for building friendships.
E．The project has encouraged a spirit of teamwork among residents.
F．Some even volunteer to take care of the common areas.
G．We hope it will inspire other communities to start their own projects.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个社区花园如何将人们聚集在一起。
1．上文“Tired of the dull gray of the city, some residents in our community decided to take action. They transformed an empty lot into a vibrant garden. (厌倦了城市单调的灰色，我们社区的一些居民决定采取行动。他们把一块空地变成了一个生机勃勃的花园。)”说明居民们把空地变成了花园，下文“It is a place where people connect with nature and each other. (这是一个人们与自然和彼此联系的地方。)”说明花园是一个人们与自然和彼此联系的地方，由此可知，空处应该是一个过渡句，说明花园不仅仅是一个提供食物和美丽的地方，还有更多的意义。选项C“但这个花园不仅仅是一个食物和美丽的来源。”符合语境。故选C。
2．下文“I never thought I’d enjoy getting my hands dirty so much. (我从没想过我会这么喜欢弄脏我的手。)”说明说话者之前没有体验过园艺的乐趣，现在却很喜欢，空处应该提到许多人是第一次体验园艺。选项A“对许多人来说，这是他们第一次体验到园艺的乐趣。”符合语境，进一步说明了许多人第一次体验园艺的乐趣。故选A。
3．下文“Every Sunday morning, you can see neighbors watering plants, pulling weeds, and sharing gardening tips. Children especially love to help, learning where their food comes from. The garden has become an outdoor classroom for them.(每个星期天早上，你都可以看到邻居们在浇花、拔草、分享园艺技巧。孩子们尤其喜欢帮忙，他们借此了解食物的来源。这个花园已经成为了他们的一间户外课堂。)”说明邻居们在这个花园里一起劳作，共同维护花园，空处应该提到维护花园是共同的责任。选项B“然而，维护公共区域是共同的责任。”符合语境，进一步强调了维护花园是共同的责任。故选B。
4．下文“People who used to be strangers now stop to chat. (过去是陌生人的人现在会停下来聊天。)”说明花园促进了人们之间的交流，空处应该提到花园在建立友谊方面的作用。选项D“它也成为建立友谊的有力工具。”符合语境，进一步说明了花园在建立友谊方面的作用。故选D。
5．上文““This garden is more than just a piece of land,” said Mrs. Chen, one of the founders. “It’s a symbol of hope and cooperation” (“这个花园不仅仅是一块土地，”创始人之一的陈太太说，“它是希望和合作的象征”)”说明花园是希望和合作的象征，空处应该进一步说明花园的意义或影响。选项G“我们希望它能激励其他社区开始他们自己的项目。”符合语境，进一步说明了花园的意义和影响。故选G。
【变式3-1】（江苏省连云港市2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题）
The Surprising Benefits of Adding Adventure to Your Life
When feeling blue, the thought of intense physical activity may seem like the worst idea. All you want to do is sit and maybe watch TV. 1
Research by J. Reese McLain (2025) shows adventure therapy (AT) is being used to treat psychological disorders. Defined as the structured use of adventure experiences in nature led by professionals, AT can include practices such as wilderness therapy and activities like kayaking or rock climbing. 2 The less adventurous or physically fit could still benefit as long as they’re getting outside and being as active as their abilities permit.
3 Through a comprehensive analysis of over 73,000 publications, researchers identified 12 quality studies involving more than 2,000 participants with anxiety symptoms. The results showed that 90% of participants experienced measurable benefits. No negative effects were reported — even with adults averaging 43 years old.
Several psychological processes explain why adventure therapy works. One is grounded in existential therapy, which emphasizes personal responsibility when facing outdoor challenges. 4 It suggests that by overcoming physical challenges, individuals can build their confidence. Additionally, the team building and friendship developed when tackling difficult goals can help create a greater sense of connectedness.
You don’t need to go kayaking to benefit. Outdoor activities can take many forms, from spending an hour pulling up weeds or planting flowers to using your lunch break to visit a local park. 5 When you combine that with enjoying the weather or scenery, you might be doing your mind a favor along with your body.
A．Adlerian theory offers another explanation.
B．Positive effects were seen even in 2-1/2 hours.
C．These are tailored to individual needs and abilities.
D．It also strengthens their bond with the natural world.
E．The research evidence supporting AT’s effectiveness is convincing.
F．Physical activity alone is a valuable addition to conventional therapy.
G．Yet research suggests that outdoor activity could be exactly what you need.
【变式3-2】（福建省福州第一中学2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题）
Oceans are an appealing target for renewable energy production. Waves produce 32,000 terawatt-hours of natural energy per year — by comparison, the entire world uses around 23,000 terawatt-hours of energy every year.
The advantages of wave power are clear. 1 Turbines produce electricity through the power of waves, making them a completely pollution-free, renewable energy source. And the amount of kinetic energy in a wave is so huge that the energy is used to produce electricity. There is also a lot of potential because many countries have access to an ocean that can help power their electricity system. Also, waves are hardly interrupted and almost always on the move. 2
But the disadvantages of wave energy are serious too. Building factories or installing electrical wires directly on the beach might prove challenging. 3 Local fishing zones could be affected or the factories could lead to more coastal erosion. High costs are a problem too. Wave power is a rising energy technology in the early stages of development, so calculating the costs is difficult. 4 Because constant movement can lead to more damage, wave energy factories will most likely need regular and costly maintenance.
5 For many ocean-bordering countries, wave energy will be a great addition to the renewable energy mix. The bottom line is that wave power has enormous global potential. However, the industry needs more funding and research to finalize the technologies involved so that countries can begin adding wave energy to their renewable energy source list.
A．Wave energy still needs to be explored.
B．They are not affordable to many countries.
C．Despite the challenges, there is a future of wave energy.
D．Wave energy does not give off greenhouse gases when produced.
E．They can cause damage to sea life and the surrounding ecosystems.
F．Maintenance of the factories in moving saltwater is very expensive.
G．This makes electricity from wave energy a more reliable energy source.
专题01 高考真题练
A
（2025年全国高考二卷英语真题）
Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family
Are you looking for a way to bring your family together Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults 1 You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family.
●You’ll feel like you have more time.
People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. 2
●You can live longer if you volunteer regularly.
3 Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives.
● 4
Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen’s well-being in the years to come.
●You’ll have more time with family.
Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. 5 Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. And, there are tasks for every age and ability, so all your children can feel proud of their work.
A．Helping the community lowers rates of depression.
B．Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need.
C．Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers.
D．Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice.
E．For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits.
F．You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before.
G．Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day.
B
（浙江首考2025年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题）
One of the most common mistakes in communication is trying to do too much. 1 There’s no value in delivering any kind of communication, whether written, spoken, formal, or informal, if the message doesn’t come across clearly. Being clear and brief — while maintaining interest and including everything your listeners need to know — is a high-level communication skill.
Here are some tips worth following in order to communicate more effectively.
Keep your audience in mind.
Your audience will naturally be more interested and engaged when you tailor your communications to their interests. 2 This will engage their desire to understand and interact with the information.
Don’t use ten words when one will do.
Even the most engaged and committed audience will eventually get bored. Keeping your message simple and clear will make it easier for people to understand. 3 However, they’re hearing it for the first time. Keep it simple.
4
If you’ve ever worked as an instructor, manager, trainer or coach, you’ll know that there are few better ways to learn new information than to teach it. Ask the audience to contribute their ideas or to take a role in explaining new concepts and policies to others. Allow them to lead discussions and meetings to develop their communication skills.
Consider the best method to deliver your message.
If the information you’re communicating isn’t urgent, consider sending an email. Written communication will give your audience more time to review it, think it over, and follow up with questions. 5
Building effective communication skills takes time, but the effects are worth the effort.
A．Be patient.
B．Get the audience involved.
C．The best messages are often simple.
D．Speak directly to what matters to them.
E．You may be surprised by what your listeners offer.
F．It will also give them a handy record to refer back to.
G．As the speaker, you already know what you’re going to say.
C
(2024年新课标全国Ⅱ卷英语真题)
Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help
Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. 1 Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.
●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. 2
●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. 3 Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights
● 4 Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower.
Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege (荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. 5 You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.
A．Visit during off-peak times.
B．So, should we stop traveling
C．Travel for you and no one else.
D．Can overtourism be avoided then
E．You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F．You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G．Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
专题02 优秀模拟题
A
（2026届江西省景德镇高三上学期一模英语试题）
We all know that first impressions count. Whether interviewing or meeting new friends, the initial moments of an encounter can set the tone for the entire relationship. But what’s actually going on inside our brains when we make these snap (仓促的) judgments
1 . This complex structure, deep in the brain, is involved in processing emotions and memory. When we meet someone new, it quickly assesses their faces for potential threats or rewards, triggering instant like or dislike. It’s a primitive response below our conscious awareness.
However, first impressions aren’t merely based on primitive instincts. 2 . For instance, someone with eye contact and a firm handshake is often immediately perceived as more confident and trustworthy. These non-verbal cues are processed rapidly and contribute significantly to the overall assessment.
Interestingly, research suggests that due to a phenomenon known as confirmation bias (偏见), these initial judgments can be surprisingly persistent. 3 . We tend to seek information confirming initial beliefs, ignoring contradictory evidence. A first impression, once formed, can be difficult to change.
So, is it possible to make a better first impression Absolutely. Experts recommend focusing on being fully present in the interaction. 4 . This signals respect and engagement. Secondly, paying attention to your body language. An open posture and a genuine smile convey warmth and openness better than words alone.
First impressions are powerful, but not infallible. 5 . Understanding the science behind them allows us to be more mindful of our own automatic judgments and perhaps a little more effortful in presenting our best selves to the world.
A．Our conscious mind also matters.
B．This means once we form a view, we stick.
C．Therefore, conscious effort to listen actively is key.
D．For example, put away your phone and give your full attention.
E．Studies show such judgments quickly form in the first seven seconds.
F．They are simply our brain’s initial, rapid assessment based on limited data.
G．Neuroscientists note the role of the amygdala, a small almond-shaped region.
B
（山东省菏泽市2025--2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题）
Motivation is the force that drives you to take action toward your goals. 1 There are many strategies to strengthen motivation. Let’s explore a few effective ones that can make a significant impact.
One effective strategy is setting SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Related and Time-limited) goals, which helps clarify goals, making them more achievable. For example, instead of saying, “I want to get fit,” you might set a SMART goal like, “I will run three times a week for 30 minutes for the next month.” 2
Carrying out reward systems can significantly improve motivation. 3 Moreover, having an accountability partner encourages commitment and provides extra support. Sharing your goals with someone else can create a social commitment that keeps you motivated.
4 Break time allows your mind to recharge, preventing burnout. Including short breaks in your schedule can lead to increased productivity and motivation. Remember, a well-rested mind is a motivated mind!
Getting feedback (反馈) from those around you can provide valuable perspectives (视角) on your motivation levels. 5 Additionally, discussing your challenges can help you feel supported and understood, further increasing your motivation to keep going.
A．Rest is as important as hard work.
B．They can offer suggestions that you haven’t considered.
C．The surrounding environment greatly influences your motivation.
D．It helps you overcome difficulties and ultimately achieve your goals.
E．It provides clarity and structure, increasing your motivation to take action.
F．Treating yourself for reaching each small goal can create a sense of achievement.
G．Strategies for improving motivation are important tools for personal development.
C
（湖北省黄冈市部分高中2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题）
The ways to turn one day off into a 24-hour vacation
For people with inflexible schedules or limited time off from work, flying for a day trip can be an attainable way to experience a place without committing to a longer vacation. Kevin Droniak says he is “addicted” to 24-hour travel.
Droniak, a content creator, has documented over a dozen trips originating from New York on TikTok. 1 Typically, it involves an early-morning flight, a period of exploring a city or a specific attraction, then a departure in the evening or the following morning. “I want to showcase that travel can have an incredible impact even if time isn’t on your side,” said Droniak, 28. Fast-paced travel and 24-hour journeys appear earlier than social media and viral fads. However, this hardcore style of travel taps into our modern desire for quick, impactful experiences that are easily documented and shared. 2
Droniak says the key to jet-setting day trips is not to over-plan. 3 On a trip to Puerto Rico, for instance, his objective was simply to go to the beach. In Cairo (yes, Droniak spent one day there from New York), his only goal was to see the pyramids. 4 Most people might consider a route like this extremely exhausting, but Droniak insists that he embraced and enjoyed the sweaty adventure.
“I know it’s not for everyone, but, for me, I love just sitting on a plane, so flying is part of the fun. It’s also helpful that I can sleep upright,” he said. The idea of flying anywhere for a day trip is inconceivable, but Droniak considers the most worthwhile experiences are ones that fully get you out of the house. “ 5 Because it makes it possible to experience a childlike sense of wonder again,” he said.
A．You shouldn’t over-plan your trip.
B．It’s travel’s version of instant satisfaction.
C．Even a short trip is better than staying home.
D．And in Paris, his purpose was to visit the Eiffel Tower.
E．That means having only one “motive” for each place.
F．24-hour travel is not a new idea and has been popular since it appeared.
G．Of these trips, he usually sticks to a “24-hour whirlwind check-off” format.
D
（2026届浙江省宁波市海曙区等5地高三一模英语试题）
As our dogs enter their golden years, what they need for their continued comfort and happiness will change. 1 It involves a comprehensive approach that covers their changing health, mobility, and emotional well-being.
It’s important to stay on top of their health with regular vet check-ups to help detect any age-related issues early on. This way, conditions such as joint pain or mental decline can be managed effectively, ensuring your senior dog is getting the care they need. Remember to keep a close eye on their behavior. 2
As your dog ages, their nutritional needs will change, too. It’s essential to change their diet and monitor their weight to prevent any obesity-related health issues. 3 Also consider giving supplements such as a multivitamin which includes joint-supporting ingredients, as well as healthy fats which help improve brain function and support healthy skin.
Your dog might not be as lively as they once were, so adjusting their exercise routine makes sense. 4 Activities like swimming are great, too, as they provide all-round exercise to maintain muscle mass and joint flexibility without putting stress on their old bones.
5 Spend quality time with your senior dog, engaging in activities they love. Your companionship is invaluable to them. With a thoughtful approach to their needs, you can ensure that your loyal companion enjoys their later years with dignity, comfort, and the love they deserve.
Remember, you’re not alone in this. Get in touch with your vet or fellow pet parents if you need advice or support.
A．Choose high-quality senior dog food.
B．But preventive care is better than treatment.
C．Any small relevant shifts are often the first clues.
D．Emotional well-being should not be overlooked.
E．Think gentle walks instead of intense fetch sessions.
F．Don’t forget to reward them with their favorite treats after exercise.
G．Taking care of your senior dog goes beyond regular walks and meals.
E
（2026届广东省大湾区高三上学期普通高中毕业年级联合模拟考试英语试卷）
Paris is an ideal travel destination with its food, wine, shopping complexes and sightseeing spots. 1 Actually it is possible to have a good time without spending a lot.
Forget the large international hotels in the centre. Instead, get off the main streets. There are many hotels just two blocks away from the main tourist attractions, which cost as little as US $35 a night each, including breakfast.
1 But who needs more when the point of the trip is to be out in the streets The real bonus is living among French people and experiencing their life.
Seek out small, local cafes when you want a meal. They are at every street corner in the less fancy parts of town. Choose from the fixed-price dinner menus posted outside these cafes. Many have prices as low as US $9 or US $10. Drinks with meals are more expensive, especially beer and quality wine. But there are some reasonable alternatives. House wine is good: perhaps a couple of dollars per carafe (喇叭瓶). Coffee, thick and lovely, costs US $2.50 a cup. 2
Getting around Paris is easy and inexpensive. Walking is the best way to feel the street-life but when you start to tire, take the train. Subway tickets for anywhere across the city cost around a dollar a trip and even less if you buy a multiple-ticket book. 3 All the maps and signposts are easy to understand.
4 Passes can be bought at major subway stations and elsewhere. The Louvre is an absolute must to visit. The Eiffel Tower gives a great view of the city for less than US $10. You can’t miss the street architecture, the surrounding atmosphere and the daily goings-on in Paris. More importantly, they cost nothing or little to explore and experience.
A．The system is quick and efficient.
B．The breakfast features a local flavor.
C．But some people are worried about the high cost.
D．The admissions to Paris’ attractions are not costly.
E．Quality wine and tasty food are tough on the budget.
F．The rooms with small bathrooms are clean and basic.
G．That totals less than $15 per person for dinner and drinks.
F
（湖南省湘东十二校联考2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题）
Breaking Age Bias in the Workplace
Ageism in the workplace is a harsh reality, yet it is often overlooked. While people voice strong objections to other forms of discrimination like sexism and racism, they turn a blind eye to ageism and sweep it under the carpet.
1 We live in a youth-centered society, and the hype around “out with the old, in with the new” must end. Experience cannot be found on Google. A person’s age does not reduce their ability to work hard or make valuable contributions to an organization or society. Reaching 35+ does not mean someone is incompetent and should be declined. Myths such as “They can’t learn.” “They lack creativity.” “They are less productive than younger employees.” and “They can’t work overtime.” are all based on false premises. 2
In the past, age was admired and honored. 3 This shift in attitude toward age hurts many career paths. Being over 40 is only acceptable in certain senior roles — for example, in management and politics, where people trust those with decades of experience. Many people over 40 are stuck in their current jobs because opportunities are limited. 4 Undoubtedly, it will give rise to serious social issues sooner or later.
So, it’s high time to end age-based discrimination. We should not fear or feel embarrassed to state our age. Age brings wisdom, experience, knowledge, resilience, and more. Age and experience deserve rewards, not bias. 5 After all, we all grow old eventually.
A．Experience is a treasure gained only through time.
B．Today, however, it is often viewed with disrespect.
C．Ageism is thus more hidden than other kinds of discrimination.
D．Thus, we should value age instead of seeing it as a weakness.
题型10 七选五（说明文）
题型简介
阅读理解七选五要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。
阅读理解七选五的备选项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。
文章体裁以说明文为主，语篇模式较为固定：提出问题——提供解决方案。文章题材较为固定：与学生的日常生活学习紧密相关。
设题类型
在高考英语“七选五”的说明文题型上寻求突破。要攻克这类题目，关键在于掌握两大核心能力：还原文章的宏观结构，以及理清句与句之间的微观逻辑。
把握设题角度：从宏观到微观——“七选五”题型本质上是考查对语篇“骨架”与“脉络”的理解。其设题角度可以分为以下三个层面：
考向1 文章的结构骨架
说明文通常有清晰的整体结构（如总分总、并列、递进），设题时可能抽掉其中承上启下的关键段落或句子。同时，每个段落内部，也遵循着“主题句→展开说明→结论句”的基本结构。考题常会挖去段首的主题句或段尾的结论句，让你去补充。
考向2 段落的逻辑脉络
这是考查最频繁的层面，即句子之间的衔接与连贯。设题点主要分布在以下几种逻辑关系处：
顺承关系：上下文在意义上是延续、并列或递进的，常伴有 and, also, furthermore, moreover, in addition 等信号词。
转折关系：后文突然转向相反或相对的方面，常伴有 but, however, yet, on the contrary, instead 等信号词。
因果关系：一句是另一句的原因或结果，常伴有 because, since, as, therefore, thus, so, as a result, consequently 等信号词。
例证关系：用具体的例子来解释或证明前面的观点，常伴有 for example, for instance, such as, like 等信号词。
指代关系：利用代词（it, they, this, that, these, those等）或定冠词 the 来指代前文提及的内容，形成衔接。如果选项里包含代词，它的指代对象必须能在前文中明确找到。
考向3词汇的语义粘连
作者会通过词汇的重复、同义替换、反义对比或使用上下义词，来维系文章的连贯性。
原词/同义词复现：相同的词、或其同义词、近义词在上下文不同位置重复出现。
反义词复现：意义相反的词语在语境中相互呼应，形成对比。
上下义词复现：上文出现一个概括性的词（上义词，如 furniture），下文出现其具体类别（下义词，如 chair, table）。
解题思路
考向01：文章的结构骨架 - 解题技巧
此考向考查对文章及段落宏观结构的把握。解题关键在于 “定位空格功能”，即根据空格在文中的位置，判断其应起的作用。
若空格位于段首
功能判断：它通常是该段的主题句，用以概括段落核心思想。
解题技巧：向后看。重点阅读空格后面的句子，这些句子是对主题句的展开、解释或例证。正确选项必须能统领后文，后文内容必须紧紧围绕该选项展开。选项中若出现表示概括、定义的表达（如 In general,..., There are two main reasons...），需重点考虑。
若空格位于段中
功能判断：它通常起承上启下的作用，是细节逻辑的高发区。
解题技巧：瞻前顾后。精读空格前一句和空格后一句，分析它们之间的逻辑关系（是顺承、转折、因果还是例证）。选择的选项必须能够完美地衔接前后文意，使逻辑流畅。
若空格位于段尾
功能判断：它可能是该段的结论句，也可能是引出下文的过渡句。
解题技巧：向前看。回顾本段主旨。若为结论句，选项应是对本段内容的总结、概括或提出结论，常伴有 Therefore, Thus, In conclusion, In a word 等信号词。若为过渡句，则需与下一段开头有所呼应，为下一段内容做铺垫。
考向02：段落的逻辑脉络 - 解题技巧
此考向考查句与句之间的微观逻辑关系。解题关键在于 “识别逻辑信号”。
识别逻辑关系词
顺承/递进：关注 and, also, furthermore, moreover, in addition, first... second... 等。看到这些词，说明上下文是并列或意思递进的关系。
转折/对比：注意 but, however, yet, on the contrary, instead, while 等。这些词提示前后文意发生转折或形成对比。
因果：留意 because, since, as, so, therefore, thus, as a result, consequently 等。这些词明确指出了原因与结果的关系。
例证：注意 for example, for instance, such as, like 等。这些词表明后面是对前面观点的具体举例说明。
关注代词指代
这是一个非常重要的解题线索。留意空格前后出现的代词（如 it, they, this, that, these, those, such 等）。
如果选项中含有代词，你必须确保其指代的内容在上下文中是明确且单一的。正确选项往往能与上下文中的代词形成合理的指代关系，或者其本身的代词能在上下文中找到指代对象。
考向03 词汇的语义粘连 - 解题技巧
此考向考查通过词汇手段实现的语篇连贯。解题关键在于 “寻找词汇复现”。
原词复现
相同的词汇在上下文不同的位置重复出现。这是最直接、最明显的线索。正确选项中常常会包含与上下文（尤其是空前空后）相同的核心名词、动词或形容词。
同义/近义复现
上下文使用意义相同或相近的词汇。例如，上文中出现 solve，下文中可能出现 deal with 或 address；上文中出现 important，下文中可能出现 significant 或 crucial。解题时需要具备一定的同义词转换意识。
反义复现
意义相反的词语在语境中相互呼应，形成对比。例如，上文中出现 advantage，下文中可能出现 disadvantage 或 drawback；easy 对应 difficult。这种对比关系也是重要的衔接手段。
上下义/范畴词复现
上文出现一个概括性的词（上义词，如 vehicle），下文出现其具体类别（下义词，如 car, bus, bicycle）。或者围绕一个核心话题（如 environmental protection），会出现一系列相关词汇（如 pollution, recycle, green energy）。找到这些属于同一语义场的词汇，有助于确定答案。
考向01 文章的结构骨架
【例1-1】（2026届四川省“元三维大联考”高三上学期第一次诊断考试）
Challenging, fun and engaging hobbies have the power to make us happier and healthier. 1 Here is how you can start and discover things you don’t yet know you’ll like.
Start small. Ease in to figure out if it’s right for you. For instance, sign up for a one-time dance class rather than a set of eight. 2 Say you enjoy learning to swim, but the next step is competing, and you don’t want to do that. Just stop there — you have spent enough of the day pushing yourself.
3 When you were a kid, what did you want to be when you grew up The answer could lead you to an appealing hobby. Revisiting activities you loved when you were young is a really helpful place to start. Those little things that once made you lose track of time often hold clues to what still excites you.
Ask yourself how you want to feel. 4 They can help you clear your mind and relax. Consider how exactly you want an activity to make you feel. If you long for a break from overthinking, knitting could be a good choice to relax you. If you want to be socially connected, joining a book club can let you interact with others and build warm connections.
Keeping an open mind, even if it doesn’t seem your thing. We’re wired as humans to be curious and open, but in a very burned-out world, we forget that. So next time someone hands you a flier or invites you to tag along to an event, seize the opportunity. 5
A．Take a trip back in time.
B．Hobbies present an escape.
C．Think about your future career.
D．Plus, they often foster connections with others.
E．Your skills improve as you practise new hobbies.
F．It’s also smart to resist the pressure to overcommit.
G．It could be something you never imagined you’d love.
【答案】1．D 2．F 3．A 4．B 5．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了培养兴趣爱好的好处，并给出从小事做起、回顾过去等开启新爱好的方法。
1．由上文“Challenging, fun and engaging hobbies have the power to make us happier and healthier. (有挑战性、有趣且有吸引力的爱好能让我们更快乐、更健康)”可知，本空应继续说明爱好的好处；下文引出开启爱好的方法，需用过渡句衔接。D选项“Plus, they often foster connections with others. (此外，它们还能促进人与人之间的联系)”中“they”指代前文“hobbies”，既补充了爱好的另一好处，又自然过渡到下文，符合题意。故选D。
2．由上文“Start small. Ease in to figure out if it’s right for you. (从小处着手，慢慢尝试判断它是否适合你)”和举例“sign up for a one-time dance class rather than a set of eight. (报名一节舞蹈课而不是八节)”可知，本空应围绕“避免过度投入”展开；下文“Just stop there — you have spent enough of the day pushing yourself. (到此为止就好 —— 你已经花了足够多时间逼迫自己了)”进一步强调不勉强。F选项“It’s also smart to resist the pressure to overcommit. (抵制过度投入的压力也是明智的做法)”承上启下，符合题意。故选F。
3．由下文“When you were a kid, what did you want to be when you grew up The answer could lead you to an appealing hobby. Revisiting activities you loved when you were young is a really helpful place to start.(当你还是个孩子的时候，你长大后想成为什么？答案可能会引导你找到一个吸引人的爱好。重新审视你年轻时喜欢的活动是一个很好的起点)”可知，本空要说跟“回顾过去”有关的话题，A选项“Take a trip back in time.(时光倒流)”能概括下文，说明了要回顾过去，符合题意。故选A。
4．由上文“Ask yourself how you want to feel. (问问自己你想拥有怎样的感受)”和下文“They can help you clear your mind and relax. (它们能帮你理清思绪、放松身心)”可知，本空应说明爱好能带来的感受或作用；“They”指代本空所提内容。B选项“Hobbies present an escape. (爱好能提供一种解脱)”既呼应“想拥有的感受”，又能被下文“they”指代，符合题意。故选B。
5．由上文“Keeping an open mind, even if it doesn’t seem your thing. We’re wired as humans to be curious and open, but in a very burned-out world, we forget that. So next time someone hands you a flier or invites you to tag along to an event, seize the opportunity. (保持开放的心态，即使它看起来不是你的菜。作为人类，我们天生好奇且开放，但在一个非常疲惫的世界里，我们忘记了这一点。所以下次有人递给你传单或邀请你一起去参加活动时，抓住机会)”可知，本空要说跟“尝试新事物”有关的话题，G选项“It could be something you never imagined you’d love.(它可能是你从未想象过你会喜欢的东西)”能承接上文，说明了尝试新事物可能会带来惊喜，符合题意。故选G。
【例1-2】（安徽省江南十校2025-2026学年高三上学期第一次综合素质检测）
Every day, we speak to and spend time with the people who mean the most to us. However, think about how many people you interact with in a typical week are the ones you wouldn’t consider as close connections. 1 . In sociology, these are known as our “weak ties”, referred to as such to differentiate them from our strong ties, like close friends and family members.
2 . For example, if you spoke about your job hunt to a group of close friends, they might only be aware of the same job opportunities as you because you move in the same circles. However, mentioning it to an acquaintance, like a regular waiter, connects you to people outside your own social circle, which can provide unexpected job opportunities.
“Weak ties can serve special functions not served by close ties, including providing access to unique information and resources,” says Susan Sprecher, distinguished professor at Illinois State University. “Additionally, many people interact with more weak ties throughout a day than they do with close ties. 3 .”
Indeed, weak ties can give us a real mental health boost. A recent study done by Sprecher indicated people with wider connections of weak ties tend to be happier. 4 . They reported feeling more happiness and greater feelings of belonging on days when they interacted with more classmates than usual.
Given they have such a strong impact on our lives, why not create weak ties 5 . Often, this will mean going outside and speaking to people, whether it’s those you pass in the street, who serve you in shops, or with whom you share a class.
A．The research involved students
B．You find yourself in a better mood
C．We just need to engage with other people
D．Weak ties can have a smaller effect than you might think
E．This diverse social network is related with good health and well-being
F．For example, you chat with the guys who regularly serve you at the store
G．Strong ties tend to form closed social groups with limited new information
【答案】1．F 2．G 3．E 4．A 5．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了社会学中的“弱连接”概念（指非亲密朋友或家人的人际关系），阐述了其在提供独特信息资源、促进心理健康等方面的作用，并给出建立弱连接的建议。
1．根据上文“However, think about how many people you interact with in a typical week are the ones you wouldn’t consider as close connections.(然而，想一想在一个典型的星期里，你与之互动的人中有多少是你认为不亲密的人)”可知，上文提到了你认为不亲密的人，可推理出空白处在举例说明那些不亲密的人，与F项“For example, you chat with the guys who regularly serve you at the store(例如，你和经常在商店为你服务的人聊天)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。
2．根据下文“For example, if you spoke about your job hunt to a group of close friends, they might only be aware of the same job opportunities as you because you move in the same circles. However, mentioning it to an acquaintance, like a regular waiter, connects you to people outside your own social circle, which can provide unexpected job opportunities.(例如，如果你和一群亲密的朋友谈论你的求职，他们可能只知道和你一样的求职机会，因为你们在同一个圈子里。然而，如果你对一个熟人，比如一个经常为你服务的服务员提起这件事，就会把你和你社交圈之外的人联系起来，这可能会提供意想不到的工作机会)”可知，此处是在对比亲密关系和弱连接在信息获取上的不同，与G项“Strong ties tend to form closed social groups with limited new information(牢固的关系往往形成封闭的社会群体，导致新信息有限)”表达的含义一致，通过对比说明弱连接的优势，故选G项。
3．根据上文““Weak ties can serve special functions not served by close ties, including providing access to unique information and resources,” says Susan Sprecher, distinguished professor at Illinois State University. “Additionally, many people interact with more weak ties throughout a day than they do with close ties (伊利诺伊州立大学的杰出教授苏珊·斯普雷彻说：“弱连接可以发挥亲密关系无法发挥的特殊功能，包括提供独特的信息和资源。”“此外，许多人一天中与弱连接的互动比与亲密关系的互动更多”)”可知，此处是在说明弱连接的好处，与E项“This diverse social network is related with good health and well-being(这种多样化的社交网络与良好的健康和幸福有关)”表达的含义一致，进一步阐述弱连接带来的积极影响，故选E项。
4．根据下文“They reported feeling more happiness and greater feelings of belonging on days when they interacted with more classmates than usual.(他们报告说，在与比平时更多的同学互动的日子里，他们感到更快乐，更有归属感)”可知，此处是在说明研究的对象，与A项“The research involved students(这项研究涉及学生)”表达的含义一致，引出下文对研究结果的描述，故选A项。
5．根据上文“Given they have such a strong impact on our lives, why not create weak ties (鉴于它们对我们的生活有如此大的影响，为什么不建立弱连接呢？)”以及下文“Often, this will mean going outside and speaking to people, whether it’s those you pass in the street, who serve you in shops, or with whom you share a class.(通常，这意味着走出去和别人交谈，无论是你在街上遇到的人，在商店里为你服务的人，还是和你一起上课的人)”可知，此处是在说明建立弱连接的方法，与C项“We just need to engage with other people(我们仅仅需要和其他人交往即可)”表达的含义一致，承接上文的问题，引出下文具体的做法，故选C项。
【变式1-1】（2025届山东省大教育联盟高三下学期质量检测第二次联考英语试题）
It has long been known that sleep also plays a significant role in physical and emotional health. Now, researchers from the University of South Australia have published a new study in the Journal of Neuroscience. 1 This is good news for anyone who wants to study a foreign language.
According to a blog on Everywhere English, there are two phases that the brain cycles through when sleeping. 2 During this phase, which usually happens about an hour and a half after a person has fallen asleep, brain activity is high and shows levels that are similar to when that person is awake. This is when dreams occur. In non-REM sleep, brain activity is low.
3 But in fact, the researchers from the University of South Australia found that just the opposite is true.
According to a University of South Australia press release, the researchers conducted an experiment with 35 native English speakers. Half of the students learned the language in the morning and then went on with their days. 4 This way the researchers could record their brainwaves. Both groups were tested on their knowledge in the morning. The group that had slept soon after they studied performed significantly better than those who had not.
“ 5 It’s an active, transformative state for the brain,” Dr. Scott Cousins, a researcher at the University of South Australia, said in the press release.
A．Sleep is not just restful.
B．The first is called REM sleep.
C．Is sleep help you learn language
D．If you are active, you’ll have a good memory.
E．It investigates the way sleep helps people learn language.
F．But the other half studied in the evening and then slept at the lab.
G．One may think that memory and learning are gained when the brain is active.
【答案】1．E 2．B 3．G 4．F 5．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文通过南澳大利亚大学的研究，揭示了睡眠在语言学习中的关键作用，指出睡眠的REM阶段并非被动休息，而是大脑主动巩固记忆的过程，并通过实验证明睡前学习结合睡眠能显著提升语言学习效果。
1．前文提到“Now, researchers from the University of South Australia have published a new study in the Journal of Neuroscience.(现在，来自南澳大利亚大学的研究人员在《神经科学杂志》上发表了一项新研究。)”以及后文“This is good news for anyone who wants to study a foreign language.(这对任何想学外语的人来说都是个好消息。)”说明此处需要填入一个研究内容于语言学习相关的选项。E项“It investigates the way sleep helps people learn language.(该研究阐述了睡眠如何帮助语言学习)”该项提到了研究的内容，即睡眠对于人们语言学习方式的帮助，起到承上启下的作用，符合文意。故选E。
2．前文提到“According to a blog on Everywhere English, there are two phases that the brain cycles through when sleeping. (根据Everywhere English的一篇博客，睡眠时大脑会经历两个阶段。)”由此判断，该段介绍了睡眠的两个阶段，后文中“this phase(这个阶段)”应指代第一个阶段，并描述其特点。B项“The first is called REM sleep.(第一个阶段是REM睡眠阶段)”与后文衔接自然，起到承上启下的作用，符合文意。故选B。
3．后文提到“But in fact, the researchers from the University of South Australia found that just the opposite is true.(但事实上，南澳大学的研究人员发现，事实恰恰相反。)”后文提到“事实恰恰相反”，需先引出大众普遍认为的某一观点，与该句形成对比。G项“One may think that memory and learning are gained when the brain is active.(人们可能会认为记忆和学习是在大脑活跃的时候获得的。)”该项与后文形成转折，逻辑合理，符合文意。故选G。
4．前文提到“Half of the students learned the language in the morning and then went on with their days.(一半的学生在早上学习语言，然后继续他们的日常活动。)”第四段提到分组实验，前文提到“一半学生早上学习”，空处则需填入另一半的对比情况。F项“But the other half studied in the evening and then slept at the lab.(而另一半则在晚上学习，然后在实验室睡觉。)”该项与前文形成完整对照，符合实验设计描述。故选F。
5．后文提到“It’s an active, transformative state for the brain(对大脑来说，这是一种活跃的、变革的状态。)”该段强调“睡眠是大脑的主动转化状态”，空处需填入对睡眠本质的总结。A项“Sleep is not just restful.(睡眠不仅是休息)”直接呼应后文，点明该段核心观点。符合文意。故选A。
【变式1-2】（2025届湖南省邵阳市高三下学期第二次联考英语试题）
Mental resilience (韧性) has become a vital skill in today’s fast-paced world. 1 Research indicates that individuals with high resilience levels are 35 % more likely to maintain mental health during long-term stress. Let’s explore scientific ally proven methods to strengthen this ability.
The Main Idea Explained
Resilience is not about reducing stress but managing it effectively. Emerging neurobiological evidence sheds light on this positively adaptive process. 2 Neuroscientists (神经学家) compare it to muscle training: facing proper challenged regularly improved mental ability to adjust. For instance, A 2023 Harvard study showed that proper stress increased brain thickness in areas related to making decisions.
Physical Activity as a Foundation
Exercise is universally recognized as a key resilience-building tool. During aerobic workouts, the body producers BDNF (脑源性神经营养因子), a protein important for brain development. 3 Meanwhile, this chemical process not only improved mood but also strengthens mental abilities. To maximize benefits, experts suggest combining 30 minutes of daily exercise with relaxation methods such as deep breathing.
The Power of Social Bonds
Human beings succeed through meaningful connections. Strong social networks act as psychological safety nets during c rises. 4 A Stanford University study over many years found that people with strong social support recovered 50 % faster from emotional difficulties than those who were isolated. Surprisingly, online communication through video calls was 80 % as effective as face-to-face meetings in recent tests.
Methods to Change Negative Thoughts
How we view difficulties shapes our mental resilience. Psychologists suggest changing extreme negative ideas like “I can’t handle this” into positive views such as “This is hard but possible.” 2022 study found that daily gratitude practice lowers stress hormones by 25 % in three weeks. 5
A．Therefore, building strong connections should be a key goal.
B．Creative activities like painting unexpectedly better stress tolerance.
C．Workplace culture significantly impacts employees’ stress management.
D．This natural process helps maintain stable emotions and enhanced clear thinking.
E．Moreover, actively noticing small daily successes helps develop positive thinking.
F．This psychological training strengthens the brain’s ability to handle future challengers.
G．It refers to the ability to recover from difficulties while keeping basic operations running.
【答案】1．G 2．F 3．D 4．A 5．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在当今快节奏的世界中，心理韧性已成为一项至关重要的技能，并探讨了科学证实的增强心理韧性的方法，包括正确理解韧性、进行体育活动、建立社会联系以及改变消极想法等。
1．根据上文“Mental resilience (韧性) has become a vital skill in today’s fast-paced world. (心理韧性在当今快节奏的世界中已成为一项至关重要的技能)”以及下文“Research indicates that individuals with high resilience levels are 35 % more likely to maintain mental health during long-term stress. (研究表明，具有高韧性水平的人在长期压力下保持心理健康的可能性要高出 35%)”可知上文提到了“心理韧性”，下文说的是“心理韧性”的重要性，可推理出空白处需要对“心理韧性”这一概念进行解释说明，与G项“It refers to the ability to recover from difficulties while keeping basic operations running. (它指的是在保持基本功能正常运行的同时从困难中恢复的能力)”表达的含义一致，故选G项。
2．根据上文“Resilience is not about reducing stress but managing it effectively. Emerging neurobiological evidence sheds light on this positively adaptive process. (韧性不是减少压力，而是有效地管理压力。新出现的神经生物学证据揭示了这一积极的适应过程)”以及下文“Neuroscientists (神经学家) compare it to muscle training: facing proper challenged regularly improved mental ability to adjust. (神经学家将其比作肌肉训练：定期面对适当的挑战可以提高心理调节能力)”可知，这里阐述的是这种适应过程对大脑能力的积极影响，与F项“This psychological training strengthens the brain’s ability to handle future challengers. (这种心理训练增强了大脑处理未来挑战的能力)”表达的意思一致，故选F项。
3．根据上文“During aerobic workouts, the body producers BDNF (脑源性神经营养因子), a protein important for brain development. (在有氧运动中，身体会产生脑源性神经营养因子，这是一种对大脑发育很重要的蛋白质)”以及下文“Meanwhile, this chemical process not only improved mood but also strengthens mental abilities. (同时，这个化学过程不仅改善了情绪，还增强了心理能力)”可知此处提到了产生脑源性神经营养因子这一自然过程，可推理出空白处应是在说产生脑源性神经营养因子这一自然过程对人的积极的作用，与D项“This natural process helps maintain stable emotions and enhanced clear thinking. (这个自然过程有助于保持稳定的情绪并增强清晰的思维)”表达的含义一致，故选D项。
4．根据上文“Human beings succeed through meaningful connections. Strong social networks act as psychological safety nets during c rises. (人类通过有意义的联系取得成功。强大的社交网络在危机期间充当心理安全网。)”以及下文“A Stanford University study over many years found that people with strong social support recovered 50 % faster from emotional difficulties than those who were isolated. (斯坦福大学多年的一项研究发现，有强大社会支持的人比那些孤立无援的人从情感困难中恢复的速度要快50%)”可知有强大社会支持的人比那些孤立无援的人从情感困难中恢复的速度要快50%，可推理出此处应是在强调建立强大联系的重要性，与A项“Therefore, building strong connections should be a key goal. (因此，建立强大的联系应该是一个关键目标)”表达的意思一致，故选A项。
5．根据上文“Psychologists suggest changing extreme negative ideas like “I can’t handle this” into positive views such as “This is hard but possible.” 2022 study found that daily gratitude practice lowers stress hormones by 25 % in three weeks (心理学家建议将“我无法处理这个问题”等极端消极想法转变为“这很难但有可能”等积极观点。2022年的一项研究发现，每天进行感恩练习可以在三周内将压力荷尔蒙降低 25%)”可知，此处应是在进一步说明培养积极思维的方法，与E项“Moreover, actively noticing small daily successes helps develop positive thinking. (此外，积极关注日常的小成功有助于培养积极的思维)”表达的含义一致，且“Moreover”进一步递进，符合语境，故选E项。
考向02段落的逻辑脉络
【例2-1】（2025届广东省高三下学期3月综合能力测试（CAT） 英语试题）
Throughout our lives, we usually look for just one answer to each question we encounter, like when we ask what 2+2 equals or what the capital of India is. 1 The “one-problem, one-answer” mindset is deeply rooted in how we think.
But what happens if we’re asked to generate different responses instead of one correct answer 2 I asked them, “What if there is more than one way to record the answer to 2+2 ” They voiced varied answers, such as of 8, how Lincoln began “The Gettysburg Address”, the number of runners on a relay team, and the number following 3, etc. These kids weren’t “boxed in” by the artificial “requirement” of finding a single right answer. Rather, they were asked a question beginning with the two words “What if…… ” 3
What lies behind the issue then Ken Robinson has observed that our educational systems often don't help students develop their natural creativity. 4 Studies have shown that teachers claim to value qualities of independent thinking and curiosity, yet they reward behaviors of obedience. Thus, a workforce emerges that prioritizes conformity(顺从) over creativity. Simply stated, we tell students to color inside the lines and then expect adults to think outside the box.
5 Ask open-ended questions more often to encourage students to explore different ways of thinking. On top of this, a safe environment should be created where students feel comfortable taking risks and making mistakes. By doing so, students are better equipped to face complex problems with greater flexibility and innovation in the future.
A．Avoiding risks is a natural tendency.
B．However, they have the potential to succeed.
C．To find out, I approached a group of fourth-graders.
D．Instead, they promote uniformity and standardization.
E．The results, as you can see, were diverse and inventive.
F．Seldom do we consider the possibility of multiple answers.
G．It’s time to break free from the “single right answer” mindset.
【答案】1．F 2．C 3．E 4．D 5．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲的是原有的唯一正确答案模式禁锢着学生的思维，所以我们应该摆脱“唯一正确答案”的思维模式，多问一些开放式的问题，鼓励学生探索不同的思维模式。
1．根据空前“Throughout our lives, we usually look for just one answer to each question we encounter, like when we ask what 2+2 equals or what the capital of India is.(在我们的一生中，我们通常只为遇到的每个问题寻找一个答案，比如当我们问2+2等于多少或印度的首都是什么时。)”可知此处指出我们通常只为每个问题寻找一个答案，同时列举了2+2等于几或印度的首都是什么的例子，F项Seldom do we consider the possibility of multiple answers.(我们很少考虑多个答案的可能性。)指出对于一个问题我们很少考虑答案的多样性，承接上文，同时与空后“The “one-problem, one-answer” mindset is deeply rooted in how we think.(“一个问题，一个答案”的思维方式深深植根于我们的思维方式。)”构成因果关系，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境，故选F项。
2．根据空前“But what happens if we’re asked to generate different responses instead of one correct answer (但如果我们被要求给出不同的答案，而不是一个正确答案，会发生什么呢？)”可知此处提出了如果被要求给出不同的答案，而不是一个正确答案的情景假设，根据空后“I asked them, “What if there is more than one way to record the answer to 2+2 ”(我问他们：“如果记录2+2答案的方法不止一种呢？”)”可知此处提到了作者向一些人提出了如果记录2+2答案的方法有不止一种的问题，由them知空处应提到这些人是谁，C项To find out, I approached a group of fourth-graders.(为了找到答案，我找到了一群四年级学生。)承上启下，引出下文，空后的them指代选项中的a group of fourth-graders，符合上下文语境，故选C项。
3．根据空前“These kids weren’t “boxed in” by the artificial “requirement” of finding a single right answer. Rather, they were asked a question beginning with the two words “What if…… ”(这些孩子不会被人为的“要求”所“束缚”，只需要找到一个正确的答案。相反，他们被问了一个以“如果……会怎么样？”开头的问题。)”可知此处指出孩子们没有被要求只需要找到一个正确的答案，而是被问了一个“如果……会怎么样？”的问题，孩子们就给出了各种各样的答案，E项The results, as you can see, were diverse and inventive.(结果，正如你所看到的，是多样化和创造性的。)对上文进行总结，与上文衔接紧密，选项中的The results指的是上文所提到问题的答案，diverse and inventive与本段第一句中的different相互照应，符合上下文语境，故选E项。
4．根据空前“Ken Robinson has observed that our educational systems often don’t help students develop their natural creativity.(肯·罗宾逊观察到，我们的教育系统往往不能帮助学生培养他们天生的创造力。)”可知肯·罗宾逊发现我们现有的教育系统往往不能帮助学生培养他们天生的创造力，根据空后“Studies have shown that teachers claim to value qualities of independent thinking and curiosity, yet they reward behaviors of obedience.(研究表明，老师声称重视独立思考和好奇心的品质，但他们奖励服从的行为。)”可知研究表明我们的老师虽声称重视独立思考和好奇心的品质，但他们更奖励服从，D项Instead, they promote uniformity and standardization.(相反，他们提倡统一和标准化。)指出我们现有的教育系统提倡答案的统一和标准化，承接上下，引出下文，选项中的Instead与上文构成转折关系，they指代空前的our educational systems，符合上下文语境，故选D项。
5．空处位于段首，应为主旨句。根据空后“Ask open-ended questions more often to encourage students to explore different ways of thinking. On top of this, a safe environment should be created where students feel comfortable taking risks and making mistakes. By doing so, students are better equipped to face complex problems with greater flexibility and innovation in the future.(多问一些开放式的问题，鼓励学生探索不同的思维方式。最重要的是，应该创造一个安全的环境，让学生敢于冒险和犯错。通过这样做，学生们能够更好地面对复杂的问题，在未来具有更大的灵活性和创新性。)”指出要多问一些开放式的问题并鼓励学生探索不同的思维方式及这样做的意义，换句话说就是我们要摆脱传统的唯一正确答案的模式，G项It’s time to break free from the “single right answer” mindset.(是时候摆脱“唯一正确答案”的思维模式了。)指出是时候摆脱“唯一正确答案”的思维模式了，概括全段内容，符合上下文语境，故选G项。
【例2-2】（湖北省重点高中智学联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期10月联考英语试题）
Whether you like it or not, fall is here. Soon the weather will get colder. The leaves will die and the nights will stretch longer than the days. Another year is dying; that’s just how it goes.
Studies suggest that if you are deeply preoccupied with your thoughts, in the autumn, you may be at more risk for depression in the winter. Changing the clocks in the fall is associated with depressive episodes (changing them back in spring is not). 1
Psychologists say that the feelings that often crop up in autumn come from our discomfort with change, and an anxiety and uncertainty about what that change will bring.
2 And of these things the anxiety, the promise and even the careful thoughts — make it the ideal season to build resilience and practice mindfulness. Psychologists have also found that the thought of change, the ending of one thing, the beginning of another, and perhaps our own mortality, underlies a great deal of anxiety. Some of us struggle with “intolerance of uncertainty,” more than others.
But intolerance of uncertainty is a part of being human; everyone has it on some level. 3 One way to build tolerance is to lean into it — to cultivate uncertainty rather than running away from it.
4 Quietly sit on a park bench and watch a tree drop its leaves, for instance, examine the roses in the garden that need pruning ... in such moments, it’s important to stop thinking, analyzing, or having internal conversations about work or troubles or even whatever you are witnessing.
Autumn will probably hold some whisper of decay and mortality. 5 If you are always trying to avoid difficult feelings, you might end up also cutting yourself off from love, richness and sweetness. Dr. Wilson said, “this is how life is: sweet and sad, poured from the same vessel in equal measure.”
A．And it is changeable.
B．But it is not that bad.
C．But embracing that sadness is important.
D．More recently, it’s become a time to appreciate our surroundings.
E．Fall also brings with it bright, briskdays, pumpkin patches and cozy sweaters.
F．It is no wonder that the season has so many celebrations to attempt to keep our spirits up.
G．Another strategy experts suggest for soothing anxiety is to step back and simply observe the world around you.
【答案】1．F 2．B 3．A 4．G 5．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了秋天会出现的情绪波动甚至抑郁，并提出了一些调整方法。
1．根据上文“Studies suggest that if you are deeply preoccupied with your thoughts, in the autumn, you may be at more risk for depression in the winter. Changing the clocks in the fall is associated with depressive episodes (changing them back in spring is not).(研究表明，如果你在秋天被自己的想法深深占据，那么你在冬天患抑郁症的风险可能更大。在秋天调时钟与抑郁发作有关（在春天调时钟则不然）。)”可知，上文解释了选项发生的原因。故F选项“难怪这个季节有这么多的庆祝活动试图让我们振作起来。”切题。故选F项。
2．根据上文“Psychologists say that the feelings that often crop up in autumn come from our discomfort with change, and an anxiety and uncertainty about what that change will bring.(心理学家说，秋天经常出现的感觉来自于我们对变化的不适，以及对变化会带来什么的焦虑和不确定。)”和下文“And of these things the anxiety, the promise and even the careful thoughts— make it the ideal season to build resilience and practice mindfulness.(焦虑，承诺，甚至是仔细的思考，这些都使它成为建立适应力和练习正念的理想季节。)”可知，选项与上文为转折关系且承接下文说明情况也没有那么糟糕。故B选项“但也没那么糟糕。”切题。故选B项。
3．根据上文“But intolerance of uncertainty is a part of being human; everyone has it on some level.(但不能容忍不确定性是人类的一部分；每个人在某种程度上都有这种感觉。)”和下文“One way to build tolerance is to lean into it— to cultivate uncertainty rather than running away from it.(培养宽容的一种方法是向宽容靠拢——培养不确定性，而不是逃避不确定性。)”可知，选项承接上下文说明上文情况具有变化性。changeable呼应uncertainty。故A选项“而且它是多变的”切题。故选A项。
4．根据下文“Quietly sit on a park bench and watch a tree drop its leaves, for instance, examine the roses in the garden that need pruning ... in such moments, it’s important to stop thinking, analyzing, or having internal conversations about work or troubles or even whatever you are witnessing.(比如，静静地坐在公园的长椅上，看着一棵树落叶，审视花园里需要修剪的玫瑰……在这样的时刻，重要的是停止思考，分析，或对工作或麻烦甚至你所目睹的任何事情进行内心对话。)”可知，本段主要在说缓解焦虑的策略是退后一步，简单地观察你周围的世界。故G选项“专家建议的另一个缓解焦虑的策略是退后一步，简单地观察你周围的世界。”切题。故选G项。
5．根据下文“If you are always trying to avoid difficult feelings, you might end up also cutting yourself off from love, richness and sweetness.(如果你总是试图避免困难的感觉，你可能最终也切断了自己与爱，丰富和甜蜜的联系。)”可知，不能逃避悲伤而是要拥抱悲伤。故C选项“但拥抱悲伤是很重要的”切题，承接下文。故选C项。
【变式2-1】（2024届广东省高三下学期二模英语试题）
Artificial Intelligence (AI) geolocation (互联网定位技术) solutions are changing the way researchers track and monitor wildlife, enabling more powerful conservation efforts. These systems use advanced sensors, satellite imagery, and machine learning algorithms (算法) to gather real-time data on animal movements, habitat preferences, and migration patterns. 1
Traditional tracking methods often rely on non-automatic tracking or inconvenient necklace-like systems, which may cause stress and discomfort to the animals. 2 The devices can work as tags and the camera traps can be set up remotely, which decreases human impact on wildlife.
In addition, AI-powered devices collect and analyze data precisely. Through their assistance, scientists can gain insights into habitat choices and evaluate the effect of global warming on wild animal locations. 3 For example, by analyzing the collected data, conservationists can promote targeted habitat restoration efforts according to the patterns and connections they discovered with the help of AI geolocation devices.
4 By monitoring animals’ behavioral changes in real-time, researchers can quickly detect signs of environmental issues. Sudden changes in an animal’s movements could indicate threats or problems. Researchers can then respond immediately, potentially saving the animal’s life.
Sharing geolocation data through online platforms can also help raise awareness about protecting endangered species. 5 This help them feel more connected to the issues wildlife face in habitats. The bond promotes a sense of responsibility among individuals and encourages them to contribute to wildlife conservation efforts through various means, such as donations, volunteer work, and so on.
A．This knowledge enables them to make accurate and efficient decisions.
B．However, AI tracking does not require disturbing contact with the animals.
C．AI monitoring needs fewer battery replacements than the traditional methods.
D．The solutions have offered the following key benefits to wildlife conservation.
E．Directly engaging with conservation efforts gives people a first-hand experience.
F．The AI geolocation technology significantly reduces the need for massive fieldwork.
G．With real-time data, the AI solutions also function as an early warning for wildlife risks.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．G 5．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人工智能定位技术如何改变研究人员追踪和监控野生动物的方式，使保护工作更加有力。这些系统利用先进的传感器、卫星图像和机器学习算法收集有关动物运动、栖息地偏好和迁徙模式的实时数据。
1．根据上文“Artificial Intelligence(AI) geolocation(互联网定位技术) solutions are changing the way researchers track and monitor wildlife, enabling more powerful conservation efforts.(人工智能地理定位技术解决方案正在改变研究人员跟踪和监测野生动物的方式，使更有力的保护工作成为可能。)”可知，人工智能地理定位技术解决方案对野生动物保护有很大的帮助，D 选项“The solutions have offered the following key benefits to wildlife conservation(这些解决方案为野生动物保护提供了以下关键好处)”是对上文的总结，符合语境。故选D。
2．根据上文“Traditional tracking methods often rely on non-automatic tracking or inconvenient necklace-like systems, which may cause stress and discomfort to the animals.(传统的追踪方法通常依赖于非自动追踪或不方便的项链式系统，这可能会给动物带来压力和不适。)”可知，传统追踪方法会给动物带来压力和不适，B 选项“However, AI tracking does not require disturbing contact with the animals(然而，人工智能追踪不需要与动物进行干扰性接触)”与上文形成转折，符合语境。故选B。
3．根据上文“Through their assistance, scientists can gain insights into habitat choices and evaluate the effect of global warming on wild animal locations.(通过它们的帮助，科学家可以深入了解栖息地的选择，并评估全球变暖对野生动物位置的影响。)”可知，人工智能地理定位技术解决方案可以帮助科学家评估全球变暖对野生动物位置的影响，A 选项“This knowledge enables them to make accurate and efficient decisions(这些知识使他们能够做出准确和有效的决定)”是对上文的总结，符合语境。故选A。
4．根据下文“By monitoring animals’ behavioral changes in real-time,researchers can quickly detect signs of environmental issues. Sudden changes in an animal's movements could indicate threats or problems. Researchers can then respond immediately, potentially saving the animal's life.(通过实时监测动物的行为变化，研究人员可以快速发现环境问题的迹象。动物运动的突然变化可能表明存在威胁或问题。研究人员可以立即做出反应，有可能挽救动物的生命。)”可知，人工智能地理定位技术解决方案可以实时监测动物的行为变化，对野生动物面临的风险起到预警作用，G 选项“With real-time data, the AI solutions also function as an early warning for wildlife risks(通过实时数据，人工智能解决方案还可以作为野生动物风险的预警系统)”符合语境。故选G。
5．根据上文“Sharing geolocation data through online platforms can also help raise awareness about protecting endangered species.(通过在线平台共享地理位置数据也有助于提高人们对保护濒危物种的认识。)”可知，共享地理位置数据有助于提高人们对保护濒危物种的认识，E 选项“Directly engaging with conservation efforts gives people a first-hand experience(直接参与保护工作能让人们获得第一手经验)”是对上文的进一步解释，符合语境。故选E。
【变式2-2】（黑龙江省哈尔滨市第九中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中英语试题）
How to protect your privacy when you travel
It hasn’t been an easy year for the privacy of travelers, at least so far. Data leaks, surveillance (监视) worries and those troublesome cameras in airplane seatbacks and hotel rooms are enough to make passengers anxious. 1 Fortunately, there are ways to safeguard your privacy on land and in the air. These tips can help you deal with these troubles.
2 “It’s not clever to declare on Facebook that you’re travelling to somewhere, reminding a wide range of people that your property is sitting empty,” says Danny McLoughlin. “That puts your security at risk.” Wait until you return to start posting vacation photos.
Some homeowners renting their residences may install security cameras. Travelers should find out if the hosts are required to disclose the presence of surveillance devices. If the rental comes with cameras, ensure they aren’t in a sensitive area by conducting a careful sweep. 3
Although you can’t control how a hotel or airline handles—or mishandles—your data, you can take reasonable steps to ensure the information it has won’t get you into trouble. 4 But some of the worst data leaks happen when you’re staying at a hotel. For example, a hotel clerk sometimes asks for your name and then announces your room number after you’ve checked in. You’re better off handing the employee your ID when he or she asks for your name and asking him/her to write your room number on a piece of paper. Why 5 Just to be sure, never leave the customer copy behind. You can destroy it later, but keep it under your control.
A．It’s never been better.
B．Perhaps they shouldn’t be.
C．Never broadcast your journey on social media.
D．There are other people on the other side of the wall.
E．However, travelers are not powerless against these threats.
F．Some travelers only offer the bare minimum, such as a P.O.box instead of a home address.
G．Report anything doubtful to the host immediately—and if you don’t like what you hear, leave.
【答案】1．E 2．C 3．G 4．F 5．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了旅行中如何保护个人隐私的问题，提供了一系列实用的建议和措施来应对隐私泄露的风险。
1．根据上文“Data leaks, surveillance(监视) worries and those troublesome cameras in airplane seatbacks and hotel rooms are enough to make passengers anxious.(数据泄露、对监视的担忧，以及飞机座椅靠背和酒店房间里那些令人讨厌的摄像头，这些都足以让旅客感到焦虑。)”可知，上文提到旅行者面临数据泄露等问题感到焦虑；而下文“Fortunately, there are ways to safeguard your privacy on land and in the air.(幸运的是，无论是在陆地上还是在空中，都有一些方法可以保护你的隐私。)”则指出有办法保护隐私。选项E“However, travelers are not powerless against these threats.(然而，旅行者并非对这些威胁无能为力。)”起到承上启下的作用，说明尽管有问题，但旅行者可以采取措施。故选E。
2．根据下文““It’s not clever to declare on Facebook that you’re travelling to somewhere, reminding a wide range of people that your property is sitting empty,” says Danny McLoughlin. “That puts your security at risk.” Wait until you return to start posting vacation photos. (Danny McLoughlin说：“在脸书上宣布你要去某个地方旅行可不是明智之举，这会提醒很多人你的房子正空着，这会让你的安全面临风险。”等到你回来之后再开始发布度假照片吧。)”可知，下文提到不要在脸书上宣布自己去旅行了，等回来再发照片，可知此段讲的是不要在社交媒体上公布自己的旅行信息。选项C“Never broadcast your journey on social media.(永远不要在社交媒体上公布你的行程。)”与本段内容相符，符合语境。故选C。
3．根据上文“Some homeowners renting their residences may install security cameras. Travelers should find out if the hosts are required to disclose the presence of surveillance devices. If the rental comes with cameras, ensure they aren’t in a sensitive area by conducting a careful sweep.(一些出租房屋的房主可能会安装安全摄像头。旅行者应该了解房东是否被要求告知是否存在监控设备。如果租的房子配有摄像头，要通过仔细检查确保它们不在敏感区域。)”可知，上文讲述的是租房时遇到摄像头的情况。选项G“Report anything doubtful to the host immediately—and if you don’t like what you hear, leave.(如果有任何可疑情况，立即向房东报告——如果你对听到的解释不满意，就离开。)”是对发现问题后的处理建议，符合上下文逻辑。故选G。
4．根据上文“Although you can’t control how a hotel or airline handles—or mishandles—your data, you can take reasonable steps to ensure the information it has won’t get you into trouble.(虽然你无法控制酒店或航空公司如何处理——或错误处理——你的数据，但你可以采取合理的措施，确保他们所掌握的信息不会给你带来麻烦。)”可知，上文说要采取合理措施确保信息安全。选项F“Some travelers only offer the bare minimum, such as a P.O.box instead of a home address.(一些旅行者只提供最基本的信息，比如用邮政信箱代替家庭住址。)”自然延续上文内容，指出具体的保护隐私的做法。故选F。
5．根据上文“For example, a hotel clerk sometimes asks for your name and then announces your room number after you’ve checked in. You’re better off handing the employee your ID when he or she asks for your name and asking him/her to write your room number on a piece of paper. Why (例如，酒店职员有时会询问你的姓名，然后在你办理入住手续后公布你的房间号。当职员询问你的姓名时，你最好把身份证递给他或她，并让他或她把你的房间号写在一张纸上。为什么呢？)”可知，上文提问为什么要让员工把房间号写在纸上。选项D“There are other people on the other side of the wall.(墙的另一边可能还有其他人在听呢。)”解释了原因，即防止别人听到房间号，保障隐私。故选D。
考向03词汇的语义粘连
【例3-1】（2024届福建省泉州市高中毕业班5月高考适应性监测）
While most of us work hard to shine at the presentations and speeches we can prepare for, we may find impromptu (即兴的) communication scary. Actually, you just need to learn specific skills to communicate effectively when put on the spot. Here are a few pointers.
1 What do you want your audience to know How do you want them to feel, and what do you want them to do Having a clear objective paired with an awareness of your audience will narrow your focus. Then you can prioritize what to say and choose your exact words more wisely.
Organize Your Thoughts. When making formal presentations, most people give a logical structure that audiences can easily follow. But few of us adequately organize thoughts in impromptu situations. 2 In fact, the best speakers maintain audience interest by demonstrating connections among specific points, ideas, for example.
Listen as well as you talk. 3 You should do the opposite: focus on listening so that you can better understand the in-the-moment needs and interests of your conversation partners and respond more effectively. Paraphrasing or asking open-ended follow-up questions can help confirm your understanding and provide extra time to think about your response.
Dare to be dull. Don’t feel you need to give a standout performance. One popular saying applies here, “ 4 ” Listeners are more likely to trust and approve of you when you speak like a human being rather than an actor or a robot. Research shows that the most effective speech includes moderate use of fillers such as “um” and “uh”.
The real problem in impromptu communication isn’t an inability to communicate. 5 Fortunately, a measure of experimentation thought, and practice of the skills can make impromptu speaking opportunities your time to shine.
A．Identify a communication goal.
B．He knows most who speaks least.
C．Don’t let the perfect be the enemy of the good.
D．It’s being so nervous that we struggle with the talks.
E．We may assume that it’s impossible to do so on the fly.
F．A clear structure enhances comprehension and engagement.
G．Most people obsess over what to say during impromptu encounters.
【答案】1．A 2．F 3．G 4．C 5．D
【导语】本文是一篇关于即兴沟通技巧的说明文。文章通过提供具体的建议帮助读者在没有准备的情况下有效沟通。
1．下文“Having a clear objective paired with an awareness of your audience will narrow your focus. (拥有一个清晰的目标，加上对听众的了解，将有助于集中你的注意力。)”说明要明确沟通目标并了解听众，空格处需要一个与此相一致的选项，因此A项“Identify a communication goal. (确定一个沟通目标。)”中的关键词goal和本段相符，故选A。
2．下文“In fact, the best speakers maintain audience interest by demonstrating connections among specific points, ideas, for example. (事实上，最好的演讲者通过展示特定点和想法之间的联系来保持听众兴趣。)”说明优秀的讲话需要有一定的逻辑结构，因此F项“A clear structure enhances comprehension and engagement. (清晰的结构增强理解和参与度。)”与下文一致，故选F。
3．下文“You should do the opposite: focus on listening so that you can better understand the in-the-moment needs and interests of your conversation partners and respond more effectively. (你应该做相反的事情：专注于倾听，这样你就能更好地理解对话伙伴的即时需求和兴趣，并更有效地回应。)”说明在谈话中,我们应该更加注重倾听而不是说话,因此G项“Most people obsess over what to say during impromptu encounters. (大多数人在即兴场合过于纠结于该说什么。)”与下文的do the opposite逻辑相符，故选G。
4．下文“Listeners are more likely to trust and approve of you when you speak like a human being rather than an actor or a robot. (当你像一个人而不是演员或机器人那样说话时，听众更可能信任和赞同你。)”说明想要让对方更加信任自己，我们不应该像机器人那样发挥完美，机械回答，应该更像人类一样，有一些小错误，因此C项“Don’t let the perfect be the enemy of the good. (不要让完美成为好的敌人。)”与下文相一致，故选C。
5．下文“Fortunately, a measure of experimentation thought, and practice of the skills can make impromptu speaking opportunities your time to shine. (幸运的是，一些实验性思考和技能实践可以使即兴演讲机会成为你发光的时刻。)”可知通过这些小技巧，可以让人们在谈话中发挥出色，从而就不会紧张，因此D项“It’s being so nervous that we struggle with the talks. (正是因为我们太紧张，所以我们在谈话中挣扎。)”与下文相一致，故选D。
【例3-2】（山东省泰安市2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题）
A Community Garden Brings People Together
Tired of the dull gray of the city, some residents in our community decided to take action. They transformed an empty lot into a vibrant garden. 1 It is a place where people connect with nature and each other.
The garden is divided into small plots. Families and individuals can apply to grow their own vegetables and flowers. 2 “I never thought I’d enjoy getting my hands dirty so much,” said Mr. Davis, a retired teacher. “Seeing the seeds I planted grow into healthy plants gives me a great sense of achievement.”
3 Every Sunday morning, you can see neighbors watering plants, pulling weeds, and sharing gardening tips. Children especially love to help, learning where their food comes from. The garden has become an outdoor classroom for them.
The benefits go beyond fresh produce. 4 People who used to be strangers now stop to chat. The garden hosts parties, like a harvest festival in the autumn, which strengthens the community bond.
“This garden is more than just a piece of land,” said Mrs. Chen, one of the founders. “It’s a symbol of hope and cooperation.” 5 Indeed, the project shows how a small idea can grow into something that truly enriches everyone’s life.
A．For many, it’s the first time they have experienced the joy of gardening.
B．However, maintaining the public areas is a shared responsibility.
C．But this garden is much more than just a source of food and beauty.
D．It has also become a powerful tool for building friendships.
E．The project has encouraged a spirit of teamwork among residents.
F．Some even volunteer to take care of the common areas.
G．We hope it will inspire other communities to start their own projects.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个社区花园如何将人们聚集在一起。
1．上文“Tired of the dull gray of the city, some residents in our community decided to take action. They transformed an empty lot into a vibrant garden. (厌倦了城市单调的灰色，我们社区的一些居民决定采取行动。他们把一块空地变成了一个生机勃勃的花园。)”说明居民们把空地变成了花园，下文“It is a place where people connect with nature and each other. (这是一个人们与自然和彼此联系的地方。)”说明花园是一个人们与自然和彼此联系的地方，由此可知，空处应该是一个过渡句，说明花园不仅仅是一个提供食物和美丽的地方，还有更多的意义。选项C“但这个花园不仅仅是一个食物和美丽的来源。”符合语境。故选C。
2．下文“I never thought I’d enjoy getting my hands dirty so much. (我从没想过我会这么喜欢弄脏我的手。)”说明说话者之前没有体验过园艺的乐趣，现在却很喜欢，空处应该提到许多人是第一次体验园艺。选项A“对许多人来说，这是他们第一次体验到园艺的乐趣。”符合语境，进一步说明了许多人第一次体验园艺的乐趣。故选A。
3．下文“Every Sunday morning, you can see neighbors watering plants, pulling weeds, and sharing gardening tips. Children especially love to help, learning where their food comes from. The garden has become an outdoor classroom for them.(每个星期天早上，你都可以看到邻居们在浇花、拔草、分享园艺技巧。孩子们尤其喜欢帮忙，他们借此了解食物的来源。这个花园已经成为了他们的一间户外课堂。)”说明邻居们在这个花园里一起劳作，共同维护花园，空处应该提到维护花园是共同的责任。选项B“然而，维护公共区域是共同的责任。”符合语境，进一步强调了维护花园是共同的责任。故选B。
4．下文“People who used to be strangers now stop to chat. (过去是陌生人的人现在会停下来聊天。)”说明花园促进了人们之间的交流，空处应该提到花园在建立友谊方面的作用。选项D“它也成为建立友谊的有力工具。”符合语境，进一步说明了花园在建立友谊方面的作用。故选D。
5．上文““This garden is more than just a piece of land,” said Mrs. Chen, one of the founders. “It’s a symbol of hope and cooperation” (“这个花园不仅仅是一块土地，”创始人之一的陈太太说，“它是希望和合作的象征”)”说明花园是希望和合作的象征，空处应该进一步说明花园的意义或影响。选项G“我们希望它能激励其他社区开始他们自己的项目。”符合语境，进一步说明了花园的意义和影响。故选G。
【变式3-1】（江苏省连云港市2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题）
The Surprising Benefits of Adding Adventure to Your Life
When feeling blue, the thought of intense physical activity may seem like the worst idea. All you want to do is sit and maybe watch TV. 1
Research by J. Reese McLain (2025) shows adventure therapy (AT) is being used to treat psychological disorders. Defined as the structured use of adventure experiences in nature led by professionals, AT can include practices such as wilderness therapy and activities like kayaking or rock climbing. 2 The less adventurous or physically fit could still benefit as long as they’re getting outside and being as active as their abilities permit.
3 Through a comprehensive analysis of over 73,000 publications, researchers identified 12 quality studies involving more than 2,000 participants with anxiety symptoms. The results showed that 90% of participants experienced measurable benefits. No negative effects were reported — even with adults averaging 43 years old.
Several psychological processes explain why adventure therapy works. One is grounded in existential therapy, which emphasizes personal responsibility when facing outdoor challenges. 4 It suggests that by overcoming physical challenges, individuals can build their confidence. Additionally, the team building and friendship developed when tackling difficult goals can help create a greater sense of connectedness.
You don’t need to go kayaking to benefit. Outdoor activities can take many forms, from spending an hour pulling up weeds or planting flowers to using your lunch break to visit a local park. 5 When you combine that with enjoying the weather or scenery, you might be doing your mind a favor along with your body.
A．Adlerian theory offers another explanation.
B．Positive effects were seen even in 2-1/2 hours.
C．These are tailored to individual needs and abilities.
D．It also strengthens their bond with the natural world.
E．The research evidence supporting AT’s effectiveness is convincing.
F．Physical activity alone is a valuable addition to conventional therapy.
G．Yet research suggests that outdoor activity could be exactly what you need.
【答案】1．G 2．C 3．E 4．A 5．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了将冒险活动融入生活可以带来诸多益处，冒险疗法被用于治疗心理疾病，且效果显著，同时介绍了冒险疗法起作用的心理机制，并指出户外活动形式多样，有益身心。
1．由上文“When feeling blue, the thought of intense physical activity may seem like the worst idea. All you want to do is sit and maybe watch TV. (当情绪低落时，进行剧烈的体育活动似乎是最糟糕的想法。你只想坐着，也许看看电视)”可知，人们在心情不好时通常不愿动。下文则要引出相反的观点或转折。G项“Yet research suggests that outdoor activity could be exactly what you need. (然而研究表明，户外活动可能正是你需要的)”中的“Yet”与上文形成鲜明对比和转折，“outdoor activity”引出下文主题，且“exactly what you need”直接反驳了上文的消极想法。故选G。
2．由上文“Research by J. Reese McLain (2025) shows adventure therapy (AT) is being used to treat psychological disorders. Defined as the structured use of adventure experiences in nature led by professionals, AT can include practices such as wilderness therapy and activities like kayaking or rock climbing. (J. Reese McLain（2025）的研究表明，冒险疗法（AT）正被用于治疗心理障碍。AT被定义为在专业人士的带领下，在大自然中有组织地进行冒险体验，包括野外治疗和皮划艇或攀岩等活动)”可知，本段在介绍AT的定义和形式。C项“These are tailored to individual needs and abilities. (这些是根据个人需求和能力量身定制的)”中的“These”指代上文提到的各种AT活动，说明其个性化特点，能很好地衔接上文，并为下一句“The less adventurous or physically fit could still benefit... (不太喜欢冒险或身体素质较差的人仍然可以从中受益……)”提供了依据，即因为活动是可调整的，所以不同能力的人都能参与。故选C。
3．由下文“Through a comprehensive analysis of over 73,000 publications, researchers identified 12 quality studies involving more than 2,000 participants with anxiety symptoms. (通过对超过73,000篇出版物的综合分析，研究人员确定了12项高质量研究，涉及2000多名有焦虑症状的参与者)”可知，本段的核心是引用具体的研究数据来证明AT的效果。E项“The research evidence supporting AT’s effectiveness is convincing. (支持AT有效性的研究证据是令人信服的)”是一个总结性的观点句，完美地概括了下文即将展开的实证研究内容，起到了引领段落的作用。故选E。
4．由上文“One is grounded in existential therapy, which emphasizes personal responsibility when facing outdoor challenges. (一种基于存在主义疗法，强调在面对户外挑战时的个人责任)”可知，此处正在解释AT起效的一种心理学理论。A项“Adlerian theory offers another explanation. (阿德勒理论提供了另一种解释)”中的“another”与上文的“one”相呼应，表明接下来将介绍第二种不同的理论，逻辑连贯，结构清晰。故选A。
5．由上文“You don’t need to go kayaking to benefit. Outdoor activities can take many forms, from spending an hour pulling up weeds or planting flowers to using your lunch break to visit a local park. (你不需要去划皮划艇来受益。户外活动可以有多种形式，从花一个小时拔草或种花到利用午休时间去当地的公园。)”可知，任何简单的户外体力活动都是有益的。F项“Physical activity alone is a valuable addition to conventional therapy. (仅凭体力活动本身就是对传统疗法的宝贵补充)”总结了这类简单体力活动的价值，与上文列举的例子紧密相关，并通过“addition to conventional therapy”呼应了文章开头提到的心理健康治疗主题。故选F。
【变式3-2】（福建省福州第一中学2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题）
Oceans are an appealing target for renewable energy production. Waves produce 32,000 terawatt-hours of natural energy per year — by comparison, the entire world uses around 23,000 terawatt-hours of energy every year.
The advantages of wave power are clear. 1 Turbines produce electricity through the power of waves, making them a completely pollution-free, renewable energy source. And the amount of kinetic energy in a wave is so huge that the energy is used to produce electricity. There is also a lot of potential because many countries have access to an ocean that can help power their electricity system. Also, waves are hardly interrupted and almost always on the move. 2
But the disadvantages of wave energy are serious too. Building factories or installing electrical wires directly on the beach might prove challenging. 3 Local fishing zones could be affected or the factories could lead to more coastal erosion. High costs are a problem too. Wave power is a rising energy technology in the early stages of development, so calculating the costs is difficult. 4 Because constant movement can lead to more damage, wave energy factories will most likely need regular and costly maintenance.
5 For many ocean-bordering countries, wave energy will be a great addition to the renewable energy mix. The bottom line is that wave power has enormous global potential. However, the industry needs more funding and research to finalize the technologies involved so that countries can begin adding wave energy to their renewable energy source list.
A．Wave energy still needs to be explored.
B．They are not affordable to many countries.
C．Despite the challenges, there is a future of wave energy.
D．Wave energy does not give off greenhouse gases when produced.
E．They can cause damage to sea life and the surrounding ecosystems.
F．Maintenance of the factories in moving saltwater is very expensive.
G．This makes electricity from wave energy a more reliable energy source.
【答案】1．D 2．G 3．E 4．F 5．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了海浪能作为可再生能源的优缺点及发展潜力。
1．前文提到“The advantages of wave power are clear. (海浪能的优势很明显)”，空处应是对其优势的具体说明。D选项“Wave energy does not give off greenhouse gases when produced. (海浪能在产生过程中不会排放温室气体)”体现了其环保的优势，符合语境。故选D项。
2．前文提到“Also, waves are hardly interrupted and almost always on the move. (而且，海浪几乎不会中断，几乎一直处于运动状态)”，空处是对这一特点的进一步推导，需承接前文。G选项“This makes electricity from wave energy a more reliable energy source. (这使得海浪能发电成为更可靠的能源)”说明该特点带来的结果，符合逻辑。故选G项。
3．前文提到“Building factories or installing electrical wires directly on the beach might prove challenging. (在海滩上直接建造工厂或安装电线可能很有挑战性)”，空处应是对其挑战性的具体说明。E选项“They can cause damage to sea life and the surrounding ecosystems. (它们会对海洋生物和周围的生态系统造成损害)”阐述了在海滩上建设相关设施的危害，指出了具有挑战性的原因，符合语境。故选E项。
4．后文提到“Because constant movement can lead to more damage, wave energy factories will most likely need regular and costly maintenance.(由于持续的运动可能会造成更多的损害，海浪能工厂很可能需要定期且昂贵的维护)”，空处应是对后文造成损害需要维护的引出。F选项“Maintenance of the factories in moving saltwater is very expensive. (在流动的盐水中对工厂进行维护是非常昂贵的)”点明了维护成本高的问题，与后文语境契合。故选F项。
5．前文提到“The bottom line is that wave power has enormous global potential. However, the industry needs more funding and research to finalize the technologies involved so that countries can begin adding wave energy to their renewable energy source list. (归根结底，海浪能具有巨大的全球潜力。然而，该行业需要更多的资金和研究来完善相关技术，以便各国可以开始将海浪能加入其可再生能源清单)”，空处是对海浪能发展现状的总结。C选项“Despite the challenges, there is a future of wave energy. (尽管存在挑战，但海浪能的未来是光明的)”总结了其虽有挑战但潜力巨大的情况，符合语境。故选C项。
专题01 高考真题练
A
（2025年全国高考二卷英语真题）
Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family
Are you looking for a way to bring your family together Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults 1 You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family.
●You’ll feel like you have more time.
People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. 2
●You can live longer if you volunteer regularly.
3 Washington Unive

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