资源简介

题型03 阅读理解词义猜测题
题型简介
词义猜测题是高考英语阅读理解中的基础且关键的题型，它重点考查考生在具体语境中推断生词、短语，句子或代词指代含义的能力。与依赖词汇记忆不同，该题型要求考生通过分析上下文线索（如定义、解释、同反义关系、举例或逻辑因果）来进行合理推断。其答案通常不会直接呈现，而是隐含在字里行间，需要考生进行逻辑分析和信息整合。常见考查对象包括生词、熟词生义、短语及代词指代。掌握此题型，不仅能提升应试能力，更有助于培养真正的语篇理解能力。
设题类型&命题方式
1. 词义猜测题：词义猜测题主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个单词或词组含义的能力,这些词和词组往往超出考纲范围,但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。词义猜测题的设问方式主要有:What does...” in paragraph...mean/refer to What's closest in meaning to “...” in para the underlined word/phrase “graph. .. Which of the following best explains “... " underlined in paragraph... Which expression can best replace the underlined word/phrase “. ..”in paragraph...
2. 句意猜测题：高考阅读理解有时会对某一个句子的本意或外延含义进行考查,因此要求考生准确理解前后句所表达的含义,巧解句意猜测题。设问方式有:What does the underlined expression/sentence“...”in paragraph...mean
3. 代词指代题：代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中,考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词的指代对象。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。常见的设问形式有:What does the underlined word “that/this/it/...” in paragraph. .. refer to
解题思路
1： 词义猜测题解题思路
解答词义猜测题的核心原则是 “瞻前顾后”——即紧密依托上下文语境，通过分析逻辑关系、语法结构、构词法和同义/反义线索来进行合理推断，而非依赖词汇的字典释义。
核心心法：语境为王，线索为纲。永远记住，答案藏在生词的“左邻右舍”里。你的任务就是成为一名侦探，在上下文中寻找所有可能的线索。
1. 利用逻辑关系：通过识别上下文中的逻辑信号词来推断词义。
转折关系 (but, however, yet)：画线词的意思通常与信号词后的意思相反或形成对比。
因果关系 (because, so, therefore)：结果或原因部分常能解释画线词的涵义。
对比关系 (while, unlike, in contrast)：通过对比双方的反义关系来推测词义。
并列或选择关系 (and, or, similarly, otherwise)：连接的内容意思相近或提供选择范围，可相互参照。
2. 利用语法与标点：某些语法结构和标点符号直接提供了解释说明的线索。
定义与解释 (be called, mean, refer to, that is)：信号词后的内容是对画线词的直接定义。
同位语与定语从句：通常对前面的画线词进行补充说明或解释。
举例说明 (such as, for example, like)：例子所体现的共同特征揭示了画线词的含义。
标点符号 (冒号、破折号、括号)：这些符号后面的内容常是对画线词的进一步解释。
3. 利用构词法：通过分析单词的构成部分来推测词义。
合成词：将各组成部分（通常是两个熟悉的单词）的意思综合起来。
例如：heartbreaking = heart (心) + breaking (打破) → 令人心碎的
派生词：将词根的含义与前缀、后缀的含义相结合。
例如：unpredictable = un- (不) + pre- (前) + dict (说) + -able (能…的) → 无法预言的
4. 利用上下文语义：通过寻找上下文中与画线词形成同义、近义或反义关系的词语或句子来推断。
2. 句意猜测题解题思路
解题核心在于紧扣上下文，通过“定位-寻找-分析-对比”四步法，推断画线句的深层含义。
第一步：定位：返回原文，精确找到画线句所在位置。
第二步：寻找：以画线句为中心，向前后文辐射，寻找与之存在逻辑或语义关联的信息句。这些句子是推敲句意的直接依据。
第三步：分析：仔细研读找到的信息句，分析与画线句之间的逻辑关系（如因果、解释、转折、举例等），并据此进行合理推断，初步理解画线句的语境意义。
第四步：对比：将分析得出的句意与各个选项进行仔细比对。正确选项并非字面直译，而是能与上下文信息相互印证、意义吻合的同义转述或合理引申。需排除那些偏离核心语义、过度解读或与文意相悖的干扰项。
3. 代词指代题解题思路
核心原则与定位：解答此类题型，首要任务是精确定位画线代词在文中的位置。需谨记一个关键语法规则：代词永远出现在其所指代的原词（即先行词）之后。因此，解题范围应锁定在画线词之前的上文。
核心方法：就近原则与逻辑分析：解题的核心方法是 “就近原则” 。在绝大多数情况下，代词所指代的内容是离它最近的、在语法和逻辑上相匹配的名词或名词性短语。解题时，应优先在同一句子或前一句中寻找可能的指代对象。
系统解题步骤
1. 判断类型：首先识别画线代词的类型，常见考向包括人称代词（如it, they）、指示代词（如this, that）、不定代词（如some, another）和关系代词（如which, that）。不同类型的代词，其指代特点和范围略有不同。
2. 向前搜寻：根据“就近原则”，在画线词之前的上文中，由近及远地寻找与代词在单复数、性别、人称上保持一致的候选名词。
3. 分析概括：找到候选词后，需分析其与画线词所在句子的逻辑关系。特别是指示代词（如this/that），它们所指代的可能不是一个单一名词，而是前文所述的整个事件、观点或情况。此时需要对前文信息进行准确的概括与归纳。
4. 代入验证：最后，将确定的指代内容代入原句中替换掉画线代词，通读检查其是否能使句子意思完整、逻辑通顺。这是验证答案是否正确无误的关键一步。
考向01 词义猜测题
【例1-1】(安徽省A10联盟2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题节选)
“We all know the feeling of hearing a song and suddenly being taken back to a past moment,” explained Safiyah Nawaz from Goldsmiths University in London. “Our study shows that qualities of the music itself — such as how energetic, loud, or acoustic it is — are connected to the emotions and clarity of those memories.”
Scientists have long known that music can conjure strong memories. What’s new is how the emotional qualities of music are linked to memory, which could help in medical treatments, such as helping people with dementia (痴呆) or Alzheimer’s disease. Music therapies are already used with patients, often reducing anxiety and improving their relationships with caregivers.
To explore this further, researchers surveyed 233 people aged 18 to 76. Participants were asked about memories connected to both their favorite songs and popular hits from their teenage years. Previous research suggests that around age 14, people form the strongest music-related memories.
1. What does the underlined word “conjure” in Paragraph 3 most likely mean
A．Hold back. B．Search for.
C．Put down. D．Bring about.
【答案】D
【详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段 "Our study shows that qualities of the music itself - such as how energetic, loud, or acoustic it is- are connected to the emotions and clarity of those memories.(我们的研究表明，音乐本身的特质(比如其能量感、音量的大小或者原生化程度)与那些记忆所引发的情绪以及清晰度之间存在着关联)”以及划线词后文“What's new is how the emotional qualities of music are linked to memory, which could help in medical treatments, such as helping people with dementia (痴果)or Alzheimer's disease. Music therapies are already used with patients, often reducing anxiety and improving their relationships with caregivers.(新的发现在于音乐所蕴含的情感特质与记忆之间存在着怎样的关联，这一发现或许能为医疗治疗带来帮助，比如有助于治疗痴呆症或阿尔茨海默病忠者。音乐疗法已经在患者中得到应用，通常能减轻患者的焦虑情绪，并改善他们与护理人员之间的关系)”可知，上下文提到“听到一首歌突说明音乐能“唤起”强烈记忆。故划线词意思是“引起;促成”，与Bring about意义相近。故选D。然回到过去的时刻”，
【例1-2】（福建省龙岩市九校联考2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题节选）
As an audio engineer with two decades of experience, Patrick Helen has long been captivated by how sound shapes human emotion. But it was a 2018 encounter with a deaf teenager — who described music as “a blank space” despite feeling bass vibrations at concerts — that sparked his mission: to turn invisible sound into tangible touch, letting the hearing-impaired “hear” music through their skin.
After three years of research and development (R&D) and 117 prototype iterations, Helen unveiled the TactiSound Suit in 2021. The lightweight, wearable suit is embedded with 24 micro-vibration sensors, each calibrated to capture distinct sound frequencies: low bass notes trigger gentle rumblings in the waistband, mid-range melodies pulse on the forearms, and high-pitched harmonies create subtle vibrations near the shoulders. A wireless receiver connects the suit to any audio source — from concert speakers to smartphones — converting sound waves into precise tactile signals in real time.
1. What does the underlined word “calibrated” in Paragraph 2 most likely mean
A．Randomly placed. B．Carefully adjusted.
C．Loudly amplified. D．Easily removed.
【答案】B
【详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段中的 “each calibrated to capture distinct sound frequencies: low bass notes trigger gentle rumblings in the waistband, mid-range melodies pulse on the forearms, and high-pitched harmonies create subtle vibrations near the shoulders(每个传感器都经过calibrated，以捕捉不同的声音频率:低音音符会触发腰带外的轻微动，中音旅律会在前臂产生脉冲感，高音和声则会在肩膀附近形成细微振动)"可知，传感器能精准对应不同频率的声音，说明其经过了“精心调整”。划线词与“Carefully adjusted(精心调整)”同义。故选B项。
【变式1-1】(四川省泸州市三校联盟2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题节选)
In 2016, researchers from Columbia, Harvard, and Georgetown conducted a study to figure it out. They found busy people are perceived to be of high status, and interestingly, these status attributions are heavily influenced by our own beliefs about social mobility. In other words, the more we believe that one has the opportunity for success based on hard work, the more we tend to think that people who skip leisure and work all the time are of higher standing.
That’s why we feel like we have to appear busy, and there’s a real perception that if someone is knee-deep in meetings, emails, and stress, then they’re probably a big deal. This culture of busyness is making it hard for employees to find work-life balance. According to a recent study, one in five highly engaged employees is at risk of burnout.
1. What does the underlined phrase “knee-deep in” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Bored with. B．Worried about.
C．Fully involved in. D．Very interested in.
【答案】C
【详解】词句猜测题。根据上文“That's why we feel like we have to appear busy(这就是为什么我们总觉得自己必须表现得很忙)”和下文"This culture of busyness is making it hard for employees to find work-ife balance.(这种"忙碌文化”让员工很难找到工作与生活的平衡点。)”可知，人们确实普遍认为，要是有人深陷会议、邮件和压力之中，那他很可能是个重要人物。由此可知，knee-deep in意思是"深陷于”选项C“Fully involved in”意思是“完全参与其中”，符合语境。故选C。
【变式1-2】(25-2江西省南昌市2025-2026学年高三上学期开学考试英语试卷)
At that point, it hit me: this cat loved me. The cat I didn’t want, the cat I couldn’t bear to take care of when his life depended on it, loved me. And he would always love me. No matter what was going on in my life, Comet would still look up from a nap when I entered the room, would still love to be touched by me.
I believe love is steadfast. I believe that real love, whether it comes from your families, or a shelter cat, is offered determinedly and unconditionally. Love is what enables us to pick up the pieces of our broken lives and go on.
1. What does the underlined word “steadfast” in paragraph 6 mean
A．Faithful. B．Romantic.
C．Temporary. D．Unforgettable.
【答案】 A
【详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词的下一句"l believe that real love, whether it comes from your families, or a shelter cat, is offered determinedly and unconditionally. (我相信，真正的爱，无论是来自你的家人，还是来自收容所的猫，都是坚定而无条件的)可知，此时作者感受到了爱，认为爱是坚定的，忠诚的。由此可知，划线词的意思与faithful相近。故选A项。
考向02 句意猜测题
【例2-1】（湖南省长沙市长郡中学2025-2026学年高三上学期11月月考英语试题）
Researcher Peter Ma developed an AI system to examine telescope data and distinguish between possible alien signals and interference. His team simulated both types of noise and trained the AI to identify them. Mr Ma says that an alien signal can, for example, only appear when we point our telescopes at it and disappear when we point away. The project has already identified eight potential alien signals that went undetected by traditional analysis. However, Mr Ma believes that as the observations haven’t yet been repeated, they are probably false positives.
It’s early days, and any promising results generated by AI need to be confirmed by other observations, or by physics-based models, before they can be shouted from the rooftops. But as more and more data are collected and analyzed, the chances of detecting alien life — if it exists — are increasing all the time.
1. What does the underlined part in the last paragraph mean
A．Before they can be made public.
B．Before they can be put into massive use.
C．Before they can be generated by physicists.
D．Before they can be confirmed under observation.
【答案】A
【详解】 词句猜测题。根据最后一段提到 “It's early days, and any promising results generated by Al need to be confirmed by other observations, or by physics-based models, before they can be shouted from the rooftops.(现在还处于早期阶段，人工智能产生的任何有希望的结果都需要通过其他观察或基于物理的模型来证实，然后才能在屋顶上大声喊出来。)”意思是现在还为时尚早，任何由 A1 产生的有希望的结果在被公开宣布之前，都需要通过其他观察或基于物理的模型来确认。“shouted from the rooftops”在这里表示公开宣布，A 选项Before they can be made public.“在它们可以公开之前”符合语境。故选A项。
【例2-2】（湖南省多校联考2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题）
Art can have incredible power over us. Yet even the most timeless and celebrated pieces can be ruined by the march of the centuries. Turning back the clock can be complicated —— scientifically and culturally. It requires a set of skills ranging from archaeology to chemistry.
Conservation starts with material analysis, whether the artwork is a cloth, sculpture, or painting. One approach was to remove a tiny piece of paint from an artwork to analyze layers of paint and see how the artist originally constructed it. But, increasingly, art conservation scientists have been able to adopt technologies to make the analysis process less invasive They often borrow these technologies from other fields, notably the medical field. CT scanning for instance, can help doctors peer into bodies, but it can also help art conservation experts find tiny details in artworks, such as fingerprints and tool marks that they couldn’t see with the naked eye —— without damaging the work itself.
1. What can “turning back the clock” refer to in paragraph 1
A．Admiring a timeless artwork.
B．Restoring an ancient masterpiece.
C．Creating a copy of a celebrated sculpture.
D．Studying the history of a famous painting.
【答案】B
【详解】 词句猜测题，根据第一段“Yet even the most timeless and celebrated pieces can be ruined by the march of the centuries. Turning back the clock can be complicated —— scientifically and culturally”.(然而，即便是最永恒、最著名的艺术品，也可能因岁月流逝而受损。Turning back the clock 无论是在科学层面还是文化层面，都可能很复杂。)”可知，前文说艺术品因时间受损，后文提及修复需要多领域技能，故“Turning back the clock”指“修复古老的杰作”。故选B项。
【变式2-1】(2025高三·全国·专题练习节选)
When 76-year-old Antoinette-Marie Williams played 17-year-old Emmett Daniels in chess for the first time, she gave Daniels a run for his money. Paired through DOROT, a New York organization which was launched in 1976, they are a perfect match. “I was a good opponent for him. I don’t think he expected it.” Williams told the CVS Health blog Fortune Well. Their weekly games have led Daniels and Williams to a cross-generational relationship that they both enjoy. Williams and Daniels’ relationship disproves the idea that people of different generations have little in common.
1. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 1 probably mean
A．She had a running race with Daniels. B．Daniels felt disappointed.
C．Daniels had a tough win. D．She gave Daniels money as a gift of greeting.
【答案】C
【导语】词句猜测题。根据第一段中"" was a good opponent for him .I don't think he expected it.”(“对他来说，我是一个很好的对手。我想他也没想到会这样。”)可知，对于17岁的Emmet Daniels来说，他没有想到76岁的Antoinette-Marie Williams在围棋方面的技艺高超,因此画线句的含义为“Daniels赢得很辛苦。”选项C符合题意，故选C。
【变式2-2】(湖北省仙桃市田家炳实验高级中学2025-2026学年高三上学期8月月考英语试题节选)
Once again the Captain’s will won. Silent, the men returned to their posts. But Captain Columbus was worried because he knew in his heart that a day would come when his words would no longer help. Before that day, he would see land.
Not an eye closed that night. The Captain stood on the high poop (艉楼) and with sleepless eyes he tried hard to look into the darkness ahead.
Then, two hours before midnight, the miracle happened. A far-off light struck his eyes. It wavered (摇曳) once or twice, moving quickly on the horizon, like a fisherman’s boat on the waves.
1. What’s the meaning of the underlined sentence “Not an eye closed that night”
A．Captain Columbus had been awake for the whole night.
B．Captain Columbus kept an eye closed that night.
C．Captain Columbus had one eye open that night.
D．Captain Columbus had slept heavily for the whole night.
【答案】A
【导语】词句猜测题，根据划线词后文 "The Captain stood on the high poop (艉楼) and with sleepless eyes he tried hard to look into the darkness ahead.(船长站在高高的艉楼上，用不眠的眼睛努力地望着前面的黑暗)”可知，船长整晚都站在艉楼上，努力地望着前面的黑暗，所以“Not an eye closed that night”意思是“哥伦布船长整晚都没有睡觉”故选A项。
考向03 代词指代题
【例3-1】（福建省泉州市第七中学2025学年高三上学期第一次返校考英语试卷节选）
Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
1. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Jazz becoming more accessible.
B．Jazz being less popular with the young.
C．The production of jazz growing faster.
D．The jazz audience becoming larger.
【答案】B
【详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段“Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.s, the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.(然而，尽管有这些庆祝活动，但在美国，爵士乐的受众群体仍在不新缩减目年龄日趋老龄化，这种音乐也未能打动年轻一代。)”和第三段"it's Jason Moran's job to help change that.(as on Moran的职责就是助力改变这一现状。)”可知，第三段中的that指代的是爵士乐在年轻人中受欢迎程度降低。故选B
【例3-2】（湖南省部分学校2025-2026学年高三上学期9月大联考英语试卷节选）
Though many self-improvement books claim “imagine it and it will happen”, this is actually the opposite of what you should be doing. The best preparation for the future is to imagine the process — not the outcome — of your desired future event. One study showed that when students imagined desired outcomes (good grades for an upcoming test) they performed significantly worse than students who imagined the process of getting to the desired outcomes (imagining studying thoroughly). Perhaps now you have something to keep in mind for your New Year’s resolutions
1. What does “something” underlined in the last paragraph probably indicate
A．How you will achieve your goal. B．What goal you want to achieve.
C．What future events will affect you. D．How future events will take place.
【答案】A
【详解】代词指代题。根据最后一段中“The best preparation for the future is to imagine the process — not the outcome — of your desired future event. One study showed that when students imagined desired outcomes (good grades for an upcoming test) they performed significantly worse than students who imagined the process of getting to the desired outcomes (imagining studying thoroughly)”.(为未来做最好的准备，是设想你所期望的未来事件的过程，而非其结果。一项研究表明，当学生设想期望的结果(即将到来的考试取得好成绩)时，他们的表现明显不如那些设想达到期望结果的过程(设想自己彻底学习)的学生)”可知，为未来做准备的最佳方式是想象实现目标的过程，而非结果。最后一段中划线词something指的是如何实现目标，即想象实现目标的过程。故选A。
【变式3-1】(2025高三·全国·专题练习节选)
Built-in brain
Roads of the future may be able to know how many people are on them. They could send them updates on weather and traffic jams, and recharge electric cars as they drive.
This seems to be a dream, but one American company has almost made it come true. By sensing the weight of a vehicle, the company’s smart roads can track the speed of each wheel. “We are basically making very large touchpads,” says Tim Sylvester, CEO of the company. “But instead of looking for fingers, our roads look for tires.” After having collected traffic data, the roads will send it to the drivers.
1. The underlined word “them” (in the “Built-in brain” section) refers to “_________”.
A．the roads B．the people
C．the electric cars D．the traffic data
【答案】B
【详解】代词指代题。根据"Built-in brain"部分中的 "Roads of the future may be able to know how many people are on them. They could send them updates on weather and traffic jams.(未来的道路或许能知道有多少人在上面。它们(道路)可以向他们发送天气和交通拥者的最新信息。)”可知，前一个"them”指代“道路”，后一个"them”指代"在道路上的人”，因为道路发送信息的对象是“人”。故选B
【变式3-2】(2025高三·全国·专题练习)
“Plant-for-the-Planet” came out of a school project when Finkbeiner was a fourth-grader. The topic was climate change. To his nine-year-old worldview, that meant a danger to his favorite animal, the polar bear. The boy began to do his research online. Instead of information about polar bears, he found stories about Wangari Maathai. The Kenyan woman had planted 30 million trees in order to fix the environment of her hometown. The effort won her the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004.
Finkbeiner realized that it was not really about saving polar bears. Instead, it was about saving humans. He made a big decision: to plant one million trees in Germany. He talked about it with his schoolmates and with his head teacher. No one expected anything to come of it, but the boy was serious about his goal. Two months later, Finkbeiner planted his first tree, a crab apple (酸苹果树), near the entrance to his school.
1. The underlined word “it”(in Paragraph 4)refers to “________”.
A．the polar bear. B．fighting climate change.
C．the 2004 Nobel Peace Prize. D．the fourth-grade school project.
【答案】B
【详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段中的 "The topic was climate change. To his nine-year-old worldview, that meant a danger to his favorite animal, the polar bear.(主题是气候变化。在他九岁的世界观里，这意味着他最喜欢的动物--北极熊面临危险)及第四段中内"Finkbeiner realized that it was not really about saving polar bears. Instead, it was about saving humans.(芬克拜纳意识到,这其实不是为了拯救北极熊，而是为了拯救人类)”可知，“it”指代前文的“应对气候变化”。故选B项。
专题01 高考真题练
A
(浙江首考2025年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题)
A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.
The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds.
Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads.
It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth.
The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular pared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.
1．What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean
A．Running out of. B．Keeping away from.
C．Putting up with. D．Taking advantage of.
2．Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced
A．To control weeds in large gardens. B．To bring in foreign species of plants.
C．To conserve soil and water resources. D．To develop low-maintenance parkland.
3．Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf’s gardens
A．Traditional. B．Odd-looking.
C．Tasteful. D．Well-protected.
4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A．The future of gardening is WILD． B．Nature treats all lives as EQUALS.
C．Matrix gardens need more CARE. D．Old garden plots work WONDERS.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型园艺设计方法——矩阵种植。
1．词句猜测题。根据上文“Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing.(这种被称为矩阵种植的方法旨在让大自然在花园中承担更多繁重的工作，甚至承担一些设计工作)”可知，矩阵种植是让大自然自身承接更多的工作；结合常识和划线词所在句“Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.(Eschewing化肥和电动工具，它基于一个极其简单的原则：更像大自然那样进行园艺种植)”中“to garden more like nature does”可推知，要像大自然那样进行园艺种植，让大自然自身承接更多的工作，就不需要使用化肥和电动工具。所以划线词“Eschewing”的意思是“避开、远离”，与“Keeping away from.”同义。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.(这个概念诞生于二战后，当时德国城市规划者试图以一种可复制且需要最少维护的方式种植大片公园绿地)”可知，引入矩阵种植的想法是为了开发低维护成本的公园绿地。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four season interest and serving the needs of wildlife.(荷兰植物学家兼设计师Piet Oudolf的花园推广了这种风格，在种植组合中增添了艺术气息，同时玩转色彩和形态，四季都有看点，还满足了野生动物的需求)”可知，Piet Oudolf的花园有艺术气息，很有品味。故选C项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.(这种被称为矩阵种植的方法旨在让大自然在花园中承担更多繁重的工作，甚至承担一些设计工作。它避开化肥和电动工具，基于一个极其简单的原则：更像大自然那样进行园艺种植)”和最后一段中“With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular pared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.(随着人类投入的大幅减少，花园的生态系统可以良好发展。成熟的矩阵花园不需要我们给予大多数花园的维持手段：化肥、分株、定期浇水。与传统花园地块相比，它们增加了碳吸收，减少了雨水径流，并显著改善了栖息地和生物多样性)”可知，文章主要介绍了矩阵种植这种新型园艺设计方法，它让花园更接近自然、野生的状态，未来园艺可能会朝着这种更自然、野生的方向发展。故A项“The future of gardening is WILD(园艺的未来是自然的)”能概括文章主旨，适合做文章标题。故选A项。
B
(2024年新课标全国Ⅱ卷英语真题)
Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now — several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
1．What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．If read by someone poorly educated. B．If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C．If written by someone less competent. D．If translated by someone unacademic.
2．What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text
A．It is packed with complex codes. B．It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.
C．It provides step-by-step instructions. D．It is intended for AI professionals.
3．What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development
A．Observe existing regulations on it.
B．Reconsider expert opinions about it.
C．Make joint efforts to keep it under control.
D．Learn from prior experience to slow it down.
4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A．To recommend a book on AI. B．To give a brief account of AI history.
C．To clarify the definition of AI. D．To honor an outstanding AI expert.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书。该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。
1．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. (这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示 “如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.(值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔在书中将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容，这本书的特点是通俗易懂，推测它采用了接地气的写作风格。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. (她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有被边缘化甚至更糟的风险)”和文章倒数第二段“We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. (我们需要考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构化的思维，加上全球监管，将使我们走向伟大，而不是走向衰败)”可知，坎贝尔敦促人们保持对人工智能的控制，考虑人工智能的未来应如何发展，所以关于人工智能的发展，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力将其控制住。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). (考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这正是AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence的用武之地。卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔撰写的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图，旨在应对即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战)”和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. (人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只读一本关于这个主题的书，那就是这本书)”可知，本文主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书，该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。故选A项。
C
(2025年全国高考一卷英语真题)
In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well.
But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question: “Why is writing important ” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. This would have to change.
As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human.
1．Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1
A．Ninth graders. B．Students’ parents.
C．Modern writers. D．Fictional characters.
2．Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay
A．They were not given enough time. B．They had a very limited vocabulary.
C．They misunderstood the question. D．They had little interest in the topic.
3．What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Mixed. B．Amazing. C．Similar. D．Disturbing.
4．What does the author’s experience show
A．Teaching is learning. B．Still waters run deep.
C．Knowledge is power. D．Practice makes perfect.
【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名写作课老师，通过教学实践逐渐认识到学生写作动力的来源以及写作真正意义的成长故事。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well. (去年，在我九年级的写作课上，我结识了一位拯救了自己小镇的牛仔、一位要求儿子门门功课全得A的严厉父亲，还有一位现代版的朱丽叶——她在父母拒绝其年少挚爱后心碎而逝。不止一次，我暗自琢磨，这些塑造了这些人物的学生，究竟是如何如此深谙他们笔下的角色的)”可知，这里提到的牛仔、严厉的父亲和现代版的朱丽叶都是学生在写作中创造出来的虚构人物。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. (大多数文章篇幅不足一页，几乎没有包含可被视为论点的句子。我感到震惊。随后我意识到问题出在题目本身。他们本可以就电脑的必要性写下数页内容，但写作本身根本没让他们觉得重要)”可推知，学生们在写第一篇作文时表现不佳，是因为他们对写作这个话题本身不感兴趣。故选D。
3．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段中划线词下文“The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. (学生们选取了多样的主题，交上来的故事每篇都有10到20页长，其中的人物拓宽了我的视野，也触动了我的心)”可推知，此处指学生们写出了内容丰富、打动人心的故事，与之前的表现形成强烈对比。划线词“staggering”意为“令人惊叹的、惊人的”，与B选项“Amazing (惊人的)”语义一致。故选B。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章最后一段中“I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human. (我走进教室时坚信写作作为一种交流方式至关重要。然而，学生们向我展示了更为重要的东西。当六月的下课铃响起时，我带着一本满是留言的年鉴离开——这些留言诉说着写作最强大的意义：它能连接人与人，让我们换位思考，教会我们身为人类的真谛)”结合全文内容可知，文章通过作者的教学经历，说明她在教导学生的同时，自己也领悟到写作的真正意义，这一过程体现了“教学相长”的理念。选项A“Teaching is learning (教学相长)”符合文中描述的作者通过教学获得的新认识。故选A。
D
(2024年新课标Ⅰ卷英语真题)
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
1．What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Seem unlikely to last. B．Seem hard to explain.
C．Become ready to use. D．Become easy to notice.
2．What does the shallowing hypothesis assume
A．Readers treat digital texts lightly. B．Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C．People select digital texts randomly. D．Digital texts are suitable for social media.
3．Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers
A．They can hold students' attention. B．They are more convenient to prepare.
C．They help develop advanced skills. D．They are more informative than text.
4．What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A．Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B．Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C．Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D．Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。
1．词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine through应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为“shallowing hypothesis”的理论。根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallowing hypothesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。
专题02 优秀模拟题
A
(25-26高三上·湖南湘东十二校联考·期中)
In the bitter cold of the Arctic and Antarctica, bubbles in ice could become the ideal way to send municating in these regions is easier said than done, as the extreme sub-zero temperatures often limit equipment with high energy demands. To solve this issue, scientists have pioneered a plan to introduce frozen bubbles messages as a new method of communication.
And the idea is more than an exercise in frivolity, said Mengjie Song, an expert in thermodynamics (热力学) at the Beijing Institute of Technology and one of the lead authors of the new study published in the scientific journal Cell Reports Physical Science. “It is a totally new method for humans to record information,” Dr. Song said. He and his colleagues found that they could produce different shapes of air pockets in the ice sheet. Those shapes could be turned into Morse code (莫尔斯电码), which relies on dashes and dots. A camera captured the sequence of shapes, which were subsequently processed by a computer and translated into English letters and Arabic numerals. Researchers acknowledged, however, that much more work would have to be done to make such applications feasible.
This foundational breakthrough opens up a range of potential practical uses. For instance, it could be used to help create more accurate models for de-icing power lines, airplanes and high- speed trains. A clearer grasp of how ice bubbles form could also help scientists better understand the thermal and mechanical properties of bricks made from lunar soil. Trained to recognize patterns in ice bubbles, artificial intelligence (AI) could help study glaciers for clues about past climate patterns, or identify potential deposits (矿床) of natural gas.
Ice is an ancient substance that is found in every aspect of our lives. More specifically, ice bubbles are already known to hold clues about the atmospheric conditions that existed when they were formed. “We can not only make a message, but we can know the message inside it,” Dr. Song said. Although ice bubbles would probably not replace text messages, the new findings were important. “Science often works this way,” he said. Not all bubbles, maybe, are fated to burst.
1． What does the underlined word “frivolity” in paragraph 2 mean
A．An untested theory. B．A conventional practice.
C．A tough challenge. D．A meaningless behavior.
2．What do we know about ice bubbles from the text
A．Their shapes can be processed to record information.
B．Their formation helps in developing de-icing models.
C．They are studied to improve lunar soil brick properties.
D．Their patterns help AI to confirm existing natural gas deposits.
3． What can we infer from “Not all bubbles, maybe, are fated to burst” in paragraph 4
A．Some ice bubbles may exist permanently.
B．The new research may have lasting value.
C．Ice bubbles would replace text messages.
D．Science relies on ice bubbles to prove key facts.
4． What is the best title for the text
A．Ice Bubbles for Arctic Communication
B．Morse Code: Ice Bubble Translation Tool
C．Ice Bubbles: Messages and Clues
D．Ice Bubbles and Practical Solutions
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冰泡传递信息的新方法及其多种潜在价值与意义。
1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“‘It is a totally new method for humans to record information,’ Dr. Song said. (宋博士说：‘这是一种全新的人类记录信息的方法。’)”可知，利用冰泡记录信息是一种全新的方法，不是无意义的行为，故可推测出“And the idea is more than an exercise in frivolity”想表达的是“这个想法并非一种无意义的行为”，所以“frivolity”意为“无意义的行为”。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“He and his colleagues found that they could produce different shapes of air pockets in the ice sheet. Those shapes could be turned into Morse code, which relies on dashes and dots. A camera captured the sequence of shapes, which were subsequently processed by a computer and translated into English letters and Arabic numerals. (他和他的同事发现，他们可以在冰原中产生不同形状的气泡。这些形状可以变成莫尔斯电码，它依赖于破折号和圆点。摄像机捕捉到了形状的顺序，随后由计算机处理并翻译成英文字母和阿拉伯数字。)”可知，冰泡的形状可以被处理以记录信息。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Although ice bubbles would probably not replace text messages, the new findings were important. ‘Science often works this way,’ he said. Not all bubbles, maybe, are fated to burst. (虽然冰泡可能不会取代短信，但新发现很重要。‘科学经常这样运作，’他说。也许，并不是所有的泡沫都注定会破裂。)”且全文强调该研究的潜在应用价值(如除冰、气候研究等)可推测出，最后一句“Not all bubbles, maybe, are fated to burst”用比喻手法暗示这项新研究并非转瞬即逝，可能具有持久的价值。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“In the bitter cold of the Arctic and Antarctica, bubbles in ice could become the ideal way to send messages. (在北极和南极的严寒中，冰中的气泡可能成为发送信息的理想方式。)”以及最后一段中“More specifically, ice bubbles are already known to hold clues about the atmospheric conditions that existed when they were formed. (更具体地说，冰泡已经被认为包含了它们形成时存在的大气条件的线索。)”结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了科学家发现冰泡的形状可以被处理以记录信息，以及冰泡可能带来的实际应用和价值，所以C选项“Ice Bubbles: Messages and Clues (冰泡：信息和线索)”全面涵盖核心内容，贴合主旨，是文章的最佳标题。故选C。
B
(25-26高三上·山东名校考试联盟·期中)
Ever wondered how social media platforms decide how to fill our feeds They use algorithms (算法), of course, but how do these algorithms work In 2021, Frances Haugen, a Facebook product manager secretly took ten thousand pages of documents and internal messages out of Facebook headquarters. She leaked these to a handful of media outlets. A lot of stories soon ran, largely focusing on the most alarming, attention-grabbing secrets.
It turns out that Facebook engineers have assigned a point value to each type of engagement users can perform on a post (liking, commenting, resharing, etc.). Facebook’s algorithm calculates a personalized score for each post to determine its place in the feed. This score is got by multiplying the probability you’ll perform each engagement — likes, loves, etc. — by its pre-assigned point value, then summing these products. Posts are then ranked from highest to lowest score, creating your tailored feed. Then the magic formula is: Score=Vlike×Plike+Vlove×Plove+Vangry×Pangry+Vcomment×Pcomment+Vshare×Pshare.
The idea is that the algorithm wants to surface the posts you’re most likely to engage with. Have you ever seen a TikTok video with overlaid text saying something like “You won’t believe what happens,” or “You’ve gotta watch till the end ” Some people post videos where literally nothing happens, but they trick you into watching multiple times, thereby winning even more expected ments and seconds watched, no matter what quality and kind, tell TikTok’s algorithm one thing: “Give me more videos like this.”
Social media algorithms bring the things we engage with closer and closer. Once we start clicking the social media, we’re going to be served up a lot more of it. It’s a cruel cycle that can quickly turn our feeds into endless streams of digital trash. Knowing how and why this cycle happens is the first step to stop it. Just remember: the tech companies choose the Vs in the social media formula, but the Ps are shaped by your actions online.
1． What does the underlined part in paragraph 1 indicate
A．The social media were affected. B．The leak went viral immediately.
C．The manager hated Facebook a lot. D．The secret was an eye-catching event.
2． What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Why Facebook designed a formula. B．How Facebook determines our feeds.
C．How the formula was created carefully. D．Why users have to be cautious about posts.
3． What does the author intend to tell us with the TikTok example
A．Algorithms are smart to track everything.
B．Even unintentional watch can tell about our likes.
C．Some people will do everything to attract attention.
D．TikTok has more powerful algorithms than Facebook.
4． What does the author advise us to do
A．Focus on the positive videos only. B．Engage less with the content we hate.
C．Comment more on what we appreciate. D．Mind our responses to what is fed to us.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章解释社交媒体平台靠算法，依据用户互动行为打分排序生成个性化信息流，以TikTok为例说明部分人为吸睛迎合算法，指出这易致信息冗余，建议关注自身在线行为。
1．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“In 2021, Frances Haugen, a Facebook product manager secretly took ten thousand pages of documents and internal messages out of Facebook headquarters. She leaked these to a handful of media outlets.(2021年，Facebook的产品经理弗朗西斯·哈根秘密从公司总部获取了一万页的文件和内部消息。她将这些内容泄露给了几家媒体机构)”以及后文“largely focusing on the most alarming, attention-grabbing secrets.(主要聚焦于那些最令人震惊、最引人注目的秘密)”可知，秘密泄露，成为了一个引人注目的事件。第一段中划线部分所表达的意思是这个秘密是一个引人注目的事件。故选D。
2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“It turns out that Facebook engineers have assigned a point value to each type of engagement users can perform on a post (liking, commenting, resharing, etc.). Facebook’s algorithm calculates a personalized score for each post to determine its place in the feed. This score is got by multiplying the probability you’ll perform each engagement — likes, loves, etc. — by its pre-assigned point value, then summing these products. Posts are then ranked from highest to lowest score, creating your tailored feed. Then the magic formula is: Score=Vlike×Plike+Vlove×Plove+Vangry×Pangry+Vcomment×Pcomment+Vshare×Pshare.(事实证明，Facebook的工程师已经为用户在帖子上可以进行的每种互动行为（点赞、评论、转发等）赋予了相应的分值。Facebook的算法会为每条帖子计算出一个个性化的得分，以确定其在信息流中的位置。这个得分是通过将你执行每种互动行为（点赞、喜爱、等）的概率与其预先设定的分值相乘，然后将这些乘积相加得到的。随后，帖子会按照得分从高到低进行排序，从而形成符合您个人偏好的信息流。接下来是这个神奇的公式：得分 = 欢迎度×欢迎度概率 + 喜爱度×喜爱度概率 + 愤怒度×愤怒度概率 + 评论度×评论度概率 + 转发度×转发度概率)”可知，第二段主要讲的是脸书如何决定我们的信息推送内容。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Some people post videos where literally nothing happens, but they trick you into watching multiple times, thereby winning even more expected ments and seconds watched, no matter what quality and kind, tell TikTok’s algorithm one thing: “Give me more videos like this.”(有些人在网上发布的视频内容其实毫无情节可言，但他们却设法让你反复观看，这样一来就能获得更多的预期观看时间。无论是评论还是观看秒数，无论其质量如何、内容为何，都向TikTok的算法传达了一个信息：“给我更多像这样的视频。”)”可知，作者通过TikTok这个例子想要告诉我们无意识的观看行为也能反映出我们的喜好。故选B。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Knowing how and why this cycle happens is the first step to stop it. Just remember: the tech companies choose the Vs in the social media formula, but the Ps are shaped by your actions online.(了解这个循环是如何发生以及为何会发生是阻止它的第一步。只需记住：科技公司决定了社交媒体公式中的“V”项，但“P”项则由你的在线行为所塑造)”可知，作者建议我们要留意自己对所接收信息的反应。故选D。
C
(2026届广东省大湾区高三上学期普通高中毕业年级联合模拟考试英语试卷)
Children are born with the curiosity to explore. Yet over time they are becoming less curious about science. Why This loss of interest may be partly the result of language cues (提示) children hear. And these cues don’t come just from parents; they can also come from school teachers who treat science as an identity rather than actions.
When talking to children, many adults might say things like “Let’s be scientists today!” or “You’re such a good scientist!”. But this kind of identity-focused language, which focuses on science as an identity rather than activities and actions that people do, can be demoralizing for young children. One study showed that children as young as four, especially girls, kept their interest longer when their cue to participate in science activities was “Let’s do science” rather than “Let’s be scientists.”
One possibility is that when thinking of a scientist, children might picture a white man. If they don’t share that identity, they lose interest in an activity designed “for scientists.” This stereotypical (刻板印象的) belief that science is reserved for only certain-kinds of people emerges surprisingly early. By the first grade, when asked to draw a scientist, children tend to draw a white man.
The good news is that language cues can also be directed to promote engagement with science. Describing science as actions that we take, for example, seems to protect young children’s interest in science over time. But it’s also true that teenagers are actively trying on and ultimately forming different identities for themselves. So in contrast to its demoralizing effects on young children, identity-focused language may help teens stay interested in science. In another study, cueing a future identity based on science (such as “scientist” or “doctor”) motivated middle schoolers to do more homework and was associated with higher grades.
Consequently, adults had better use different language cues for children of different age groups to maintain their curiosity about science.
1．What does the underlined word “demoralizing” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Inappropriate. B．Impolite. C．Unconvincing. D．Discouraging.
2．Why was action-focused language especially effective to young girls
A．Because it avoids identity conflict in girls’ mind.
B．Because stereotypical belief is reserved for girls.
C．Because it enhances girls’ engagement in science.
D．Because it shows the activity is designed for girls.
3．What may be the author’s suggestion for parents and teachers
A．To treat language as cues. B．To use identity-focused language.
C．To adopt flexible strategies. D．To help teenagers form identities.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Why Is Action Better than Identity
B．How Do Parents Raise Young Scientists
C．How Does Age Affect Science Learning
D．What Affects Children’s Interest in Science
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍儿童对科学的好奇心下降的原因，以及不同语言提示对不同年龄段儿童科学兴趣的影响，并给出相应建议。
1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“But this kind of identity-focused language, which focuses on science as an identity rather than activities and actions that people do, can be demoralizing for young children. One study showed that children as young as four, especially girls, kept their interest longer when their cue to participate in science activities was “Let’s do science” rather than “Let’s be scientists.”(但这种以身份为核心的语言，将科学视为一种身份，而非人们所做的活动和行动，可能会对幼儿造成demoralizing影响。一项研究表明，4岁的孩子，尤其是女孩，当参与科学活动的提示是“让我们做科学”而不是“让我们成为科学家”时，能保持更长时间的兴趣。)”可知，以身份为核心的语言会让幼儿难以保持兴趣，因此“demoralizing”意为“令人气馁的”。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“One possibility is that when thinking of a scientist, children might picture a white man. If they don’t share that identity, they lose interest in an activity designed “for scientists.”(一种可能性是，当想到科学家时，孩子们可能会想到一个白人男性。如果他们没有这种身份认同，就会对为“科学家”设计的活动失去兴趣。)”以及第二段中行动导向语言让幼儿（尤其女孩）保持兴趣的研究结果可知，行动导向语言对女孩特别有效，是因为它避免了女孩心中的身份冲突。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Consequently, adults had better use different language cues for children of different age groups to maintain their curiosity about science.(因此，成年人最好对不同年龄段的孩子使用不同的语言提示，以保持他们对科学的好奇心。)”可知，作者建议家长和老师采用灵活的策略，针对不同年龄段儿童使用不同语言提示。故选C项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，第一段提出儿童对科学好奇心下降的问题及部分原因（语言提示），第二段对比不同语言提示对幼儿的影响，第三段解释身份导向语言产生负面影响的原因，第四段说明语言提示对青少年的积极影响，最后给出针对不同年龄段儿童使用不同语言提示的建议，由此可知，全文围绕“什么影响儿童对科学的兴趣”展开，因此D项“什么影响儿童对科学的兴趣？”适合作为标题。故选D项。
D
(25-26高三上·河南·期中)
As the world’s appetite for electronic devices grows ever bigger, the other side of the coin — e-waste — is raising alarms. According to a UN report, 62 million tons of e-waste was generated in 2022, enough to fill 1.5 million trucks.
Most of the e-waste went to landfills or burning, with potential negative consequences for the environment and human health. Besides, $62 billion-worth of recyclable resources like rare earth elements are lost in the process. Currently, just 1% of the world’s demand for these elements, which are necessary to modern electronic devices, is met by e-waste recycling.
Aquafade, a plastic which can completely dissolve (溶解) in about six hours when placed in water, brings hope. It could be used in computers or keyboards, and dissolve when they’re no longer wanted, making it easier to recycle the most valuable components and reducing e-waste.
“For most electronic products, when they’re being recycled, it’s the disassembly (拆卸) that’s the real hassle. Another bottleneck in e-waste recycling is transportation, which raises costs and creates carbon emissions.” says Samuel Wangsaputra, one of the inventors of Aquafade. “I think the brilliant bit with Aquafade is that a lot of that process is simply done at home.”
Their challenge is to make a coating (涂层). It is also made of a plastic polymer, only applied to the outer shell, making the product water resistant up to five meters for 30 minutes, which covers accidental spills or wet weather. But once we disassemble the product, it creates a crack. That’s when we put it in water to dissolve six hours later, and what’s left is the most valuable parts of the product.
Peter Edwards, a professor at the University of Oxford, calls it “an interesting development”, but wonders whether the dissolved plastic will persist in the environment and ultimately end up as microplastic. Samuel acknowledges they have not yet fully investigated how the solution would biodegrade (生物降解) in the long term.
1． What is the main concern raised about e-waste in paragraph 2
A．The rising cost of recycling e-waste.
B．The great loss of valuable materials.
C．The insufficient supply of rare earth elements.
D．The public’s appetite for new electronic goods.
2． What does the underlined word “hassle” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Strategy. B．Reason. C．Trouble. D．Value.
3． What was the primary technical challenge in developing Aquafade
A．Ensuring the coating dissolves quickly enough.
B．Making a material that biodegrades completely.
C．Applying the coating to the internal parts of a device.
D．Creating a coating resisting water yet dissolving in it.
4．What is Peter Edwards’ attitude to Aquafade
A．Careful. B．Supportive. C．Critical. D．Unclear.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。全球电子垃圾问题严峻，大量垃圾被填埋焚烧，造成环境危害与资源浪费，新型可溶解塑料Aquafade为电子垃圾回收带来希望，但仍面临生物降解方面的质疑。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Besides, $62 billion-worth of recyclable resources like rare earth elements are lost in the process.(此外，在这一过程中，价值620亿美元的可回收资源（如稀土题型03 阅读理解词义猜测题
题型简介
词义猜测题是高考英语阅读理解中的基础且关键的题型，它重点考查考生在具体语境中推断生词、短语，句子或代词指代含义的能力。与依赖词汇记忆不同，该题型要求考生通过分析上下文线索（如定义、解释、同反义关系、举例或逻辑因果）来进行合理推断。其答案通常不会直接呈现，而是隐含在字里行间，需要考生进行逻辑分析和信息整合。常见考查对象包括生词、熟词生义、短语及代词指代。掌握此题型，不仅能提升应试能力，更有助于培养真正的语篇理解能力。
设题类型&命题方式
1. 词义猜测题：词义猜测题主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个单词或词组含义的能力,这些词和词组往往超出考纲范围,但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。词义猜测题的设问方式主要有:What does...” in paragraph...mean/refer to What's closest in meaning to “...” in para the underlined word/phrase “graph. .. Which of the following best explains “... " underlined in paragraph... Which expression can best replace the underlined word/phrase “. ..”in paragraph...
2. 句意猜测题：高考阅读理解有时会对某一个句子的本意或外延含义进行考查,因此要求考生准确理解前后句所表达的含义,巧解句意猜测题。设问方式有:What does the underlined expression/sentence“...”in paragraph...mean
3. 代词指代题：代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中,考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词的指代对象。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。常见的设问形式有:What does the underlined word “that/this/it/...” in paragraph. .. refer to
解题思路
1： 词义猜测题解题思路
解答词义猜测题的核心原则是 “瞻前顾后”——即紧密依托上下文语境，通过分析逻辑关系、语法结构、构词法和同义/反义线索来进行合理推断，而非依赖词汇的字典释义。
核心心法：语境为王，线索为纲。永远记住，答案藏在生词的“左邻右舍”里。你的任务就是成为一名侦探，在上下文中寻找所有可能的线索。
1. 利用逻辑关系：通过识别上下文中的逻辑信号词来推断词义。
转折关系 (but, however, yet)：画线词的意思通常与信号词后的意思相反或形成对比。
因果关系 (because, so, therefore)：结果或原因部分常能解释画线词的涵义。
对比关系 (while, unlike, in contrast)：通过对比双方的反义关系来推测词义。
并列或选择关系 (and, or, similarly, otherwise)：连接的内容意思相近或提供选择范围，可相互参照。
2. 利用语法与标点：某些语法结构和标点符号直接提供了解释说明的线索。
定义与解释 (be called, mean, refer to, that is)：信号词后的内容是对画线词的直接定义。
同位语与定语从句：通常对前面的画线词进行补充说明或解释。
举例说明 (such as, for example, like)：例子所体现的共同特征揭示了画线词的含义。
标点符号 (冒号、破折号、括号)：这些符号后面的内容常是对画线词的进一步解释。
3. 利用构词法：通过分析单词的构成部分来推测词义。
合成词：将各组成部分（通常是两个熟悉的单词）的意思综合起来。
例如：heartbreaking = heart (心) + breaking (打破) → 令人心碎的
派生词：将词根的含义与前缀、后缀的含义相结合。
例如：unpredictable = un- (不) + pre- (前) + dict (说) + -able (能…的) → 无法预言的
4. 利用上下文语义：通过寻找上下文中与画线词形成同义、近义或反义关系的词语或句子来推断。
2. 句意猜测题解题思路
解题核心在于紧扣上下文，通过“定位-寻找-分析-对比”四步法，推断画线句的深层含义。
第一步：定位：返回原文，精确找到画线句所在位置。
第二步：寻找：以画线句为中心，向前后文辐射，寻找与之存在逻辑或语义关联的信息句。这些句子是推敲句意的直接依据。
第三步：分析：仔细研读找到的信息句，分析与画线句之间的逻辑关系（如因果、解释、转折、举例等），并据此进行合理推断，初步理解画线句的语境意义。
第四步：对比：将分析得出的句意与各个选项进行仔细比对。正确选项并非字面直译，而是能与上下文信息相互印证、意义吻合的同义转述或合理引申。需排除那些偏离核心语义、过度解读或与文意相悖的干扰项。
3. 代词指代题解题思路
核心原则与定位：解答此类题型，首要任务是精确定位画线代词在文中的位置。需谨记一个关键语法规则：代词永远出现在其所指代的原词（即先行词）之后。因此，解题范围应锁定在画线词之前的上文。
核心方法：就近原则与逻辑分析：解题的核心方法是 “就近原则” 。在绝大多数情况下，代词所指代的内容是离它最近的、在语法和逻辑上相匹配的名词或名词性短语。解题时，应优先在同一句子或前一句中寻找可能的指代对象。
系统解题步骤
1. 判断类型：首先识别画线代词的类型，常见考向包括人称代词（如it, they）、指示代词（如this, that）、不定代词（如some, another）和关系代词（如which, that）。不同类型的代词，其指代特点和范围略有不同。
2. 向前搜寻：根据“就近原则”，在画线词之前的上文中，由近及远地寻找与代词在单复数、性别、人称上保持一致的候选名词。
3. 分析概括：找到候选词后，需分析其与画线词所在句子的逻辑关系。特别是指示代词（如this/that），它们所指代的可能不是一个单一名词，而是前文所述的整个事件、观点或情况。此时需要对前文信息进行准确的概括与归纳。
4. 代入验证：最后，将确定的指代内容代入原句中替换掉画线代词，通读检查其是否能使句子意思完整、逻辑通顺。这是验证答案是否正确无误的关键一步。
考向01 词义猜测题
【例1-1】(安徽省A10联盟2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题节选)
“We all know the feeling of hearing a song and suddenly being taken back to a past moment,” explained Safiyah Nawaz from Goldsmiths University in London. “Our study shows that qualities of the music itself — such as how energetic, loud, or acoustic it is — are connected to the emotions and clarity of those memories.”
Scientists have long known that music can conjure strong memories. What’s new is how the emotional qualities of music are linked to memory, which could help in medical treatments, such as helping people with dementia (痴呆) or Alzheimer’s disease. Music therapies are already used with patients, often reducing anxiety and improving their relationships with caregivers.
To explore this further, researchers surveyed 233 people aged 18 to 76. Participants were asked about memories connected to both their favorite songs and popular hits from their teenage years. Previous research suggests that around age 14, people form the strongest music-related memories.
1. What does the underlined word “conjure” in Paragraph 3 most likely mean
A．Hold back. B．Search for.
C．Put down. D．Bring about.
【答案】D
【详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段 "Our study shows that qualities of the music itself - such as how energetic, loud, or acoustic it is- are connected to the emotions and clarity of those memories.(我们的研究表明，音乐本身的特质(比如其能量感、音量的大小或者原生化程度)与那些记忆所引发的情绪以及清晰度之间存在着关联)”以及划线词后文“What's new is how the emotional qualities of music are linked to memory, which could help in medical treatments, such as helping people with dementia (痴果)or Alzheimer's disease. Music therapies are already used with patients, often reducing anxiety and improving their relationships with caregivers.(新的发现在于音乐所蕴含的情感特质与记忆之间存在着怎样的关联，这一发现或许能为医疗治疗带来帮助，比如有助于治疗痴呆症或阿尔茨海默病忠者。音乐疗法已经在患者中得到应用，通常能减轻患者的焦虑情绪，并改善他们与护理人员之间的关系)”可知，上下文提到“听到一首歌突说明音乐能“唤起”强烈记忆。故划线词意思是“引起;促成”，与Bring about意义相近。故选D。然回到过去的时刻”，
【例1-2】（福建省龙岩市九校联考2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题节选）
As an audio engineer with two decades of experience, Patrick Helen has long been captivated by how sound shapes human emotion. But it was a 2018 encounter with a deaf teenager — who described music as “a blank space” despite feeling bass vibrations at concerts — that sparked his mission: to turn invisible sound into tangible touch, letting the hearing-impaired “hear” music through their skin.
After three years of research and development (R&D) and 117 prototype iterations, Helen unveiled the TactiSound Suit in 2021. The lightweight, wearable suit is embedded with 24 micro-vibration sensors, each calibrated to capture distinct sound frequencies: low bass notes trigger gentle rumblings in the waistband, mid-range melodies pulse on the forearms, and high-pitched harmonies create subtle vibrations near the shoulders. A wireless receiver connects the suit to any audio source — from concert speakers to smartphones — converting sound waves into precise tactile signals in real time.
1. What does the underlined word “calibrated” in Paragraph 2 most likely mean
A．Randomly placed. B．Carefully adjusted.
C．Loudly amplified. D．Easily removed.
【答案】B
【详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段中的 “each calibrated to capture distinct sound frequencies: low bass notes trigger gentle rumblings in the waistband, mid-range melodies pulse on the forearms, and high-pitched harmonies create subtle vibrations near the shoulders(每个传感器都经过calibrated，以捕捉不同的声音频率:低音音符会触发腰带外的轻微动，中音旅律会在前臂产生脉冲感，高音和声则会在肩膀附近形成细微振动)"可知，传感器能精准对应不同频率的声音，说明其经过了“精心调整”。划线词与“Carefully adjusted(精心调整)”同义。故选B项。
【变式1-1】(四川省泸州市三校联盟2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题节选)
In 2016, researchers from Columbia, Harvard, and Georgetown conducted a study to figure it out. They found busy people are perceived to be of high status, and interestingly, these status attributions are heavily influenced by our own beliefs about social mobility. In other words, the more we believe that one has the opportunity for success based on hard work, the more we tend to think that people who skip leisure and work all the time are of higher standing.
That’s why we feel like we have to appear busy, and there’s a real perception that if someone is knee-deep in meetings, emails, and stress, then they’re probably a big deal. This culture of busyness is making it hard for employees to find work-life balance. According to a recent study, one in five highly engaged employees is at risk of burnout.
1. What does the underlined phrase “knee-deep in” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Bored with. B．Worried about.
C．Fully involved in. D．Very interested in.
【变式1-2】(25-2江西省南昌市2025-2026学年高三上学期开学考试英语试卷)
At that point, it hit me: this cat loved me. The cat I didn’t want, the cat I couldn’t bear to take care of when his life depended on it, loved me. And he would always love me. No matter what was going on in my life, Comet would still look up from a nap when I entered the room, would still love to be touched by me.
I believe love is steadfast. I believe that real love, whether it comes from your families, or a shelter cat, is offered determinedly and unconditionally. Love is what enables us to pick up the pieces of our broken lives and go on.
1. What does the underlined word “steadfast” in paragraph 6 mean
A．Faithful. B．Romantic.
C．Temporary. D．Unforgettable.
考向02 句意猜测题
【例2-1】（湖南省长沙市长郡中学2025-2026学年高三上学期11月月考英语试题）
Researcher Peter Ma developed an AI system to examine telescope data and distinguish between possible alien signals and interference. His team simulated both types of noise and trained the AI to identify them. Mr Ma says that an alien signal can, for example, only appear when we point our telescopes at it and disappear when we point away. The project has already identified eight potential alien signals that went undetected by traditional analysis. However, Mr Ma believes that as the observations haven’t yet been repeated, they are probably false positives.
It’s early days, and any promising results generated by AI need to be confirmed by other observations, or by physics-based models, before they can be shouted from the rooftops. But as more and more data are collected and analyzed, the chances of detecting alien life — if it exists — are increasing all the time.
1. What does the underlined part in the last paragraph mean
A．Before they can be made public.
B．Before they can be put into massive use.
C．Before they can be generated by physicists.
D．Before they can be confirmed under observation.
【答案】A
【详解】 词句猜测题。根据最后一段提到 “It's early days, and any promising results generated by Al need to be confirmed by other observations, or by physics-based models, before they can be shouted from the rooftops.(现在还处于早期阶段，人工智能产生的任何有希望的结果都需要通过其他观察或基于物理的模型来证实，然后才能在屋顶上大声喊出来。)”意思是现在还为时尚早，任何由 A1 产生的有希望的结果在被公开宣布之前，都需要通过其他观察或基于物理的模型来确认。“shouted from the rooftops”在这里表示公开宣布，A 选项Before they can be made public.“在它们可以公开之前”符合语境。故选A项。
【例2-2】（湖南省多校联考2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题）
Art can have incredible power over us. Yet even the most timeless and celebrated pieces can be ruined by the march of the centuries. Turning back the clock can be complicated —— scientifically and culturally. It requires a set of skills ranging from archaeology to chemistry.
Conservation starts with material analysis, whether the artwork is a cloth, sculpture, or painting. One approach was to remove a tiny piece of paint from an artwork to analyze layers of paint and see how the artist originally constructed it. But, increasingly, art conservation scientists have been able to adopt technologies to make the analysis process less invasive They often borrow these technologies from other fields, notably the medical field. CT scanning for instance, can help doctors peer into bodies, but it can also help art conservation experts find tiny details in artworks, such as fingerprints and tool marks that they couldn’t see with the naked eye —— without damaging the work itself.
1. What can “turning back the clock” refer to in paragraph 1
A．Admiring a timeless artwork.
B．Restoring an ancient masterpiece.
C．Creating a copy of a celebrated sculpture.
D．Studying the history of a famous painting.
【答案】B
【详解】 词句猜测题，根据第一段“Yet even the most timeless and celebrated pieces can be ruined by the march of the centuries. Turning back the clock can be complicated —— scientifically and culturally”.(然而，即便是最永恒、最著名的艺术品，也可能因岁月流逝而受损。Turning back the clock 无论是在科学层面还是文化层面，都可能很复杂。)”可知，前文说艺术品因时间受损，后文提及修复需要多领域技能，故“Turning back the clock”指“修复古老的杰作”。故选B项。
【变式2-1】(2025高三·全国·专题练习节选)
When 76-year-old Antoinette-Marie Williams played 17-year-old Emmett Daniels in chess for the first time, she gave Daniels a run for his money. Paired through DOROT, a New York organization which was launched in 1976, they are a perfect match. “I was a good opponent for him. I don’t think he expected it.” Williams told the CVS Health blog Fortune Well. Their weekly games have led Daniels and Williams to a cross-generational relationship that they both enjoy. Williams and Daniels’ relationship disproves the idea that people of different generations have little in common.
1. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 1 probably mean
A．She had a running race with Daniels. B．Daniels felt disappointed.
C．Daniels had a tough win. D．She gave Daniels money as a gift of greeting.
【变式2-2】(湖北省仙桃市田家炳实验高级中学2025-2026学年高三上学期8月月考英语试题节选)
Once again the Captain’s will won. Silent, the men returned to their posts. But Captain Columbus was worried because he knew in his heart that a day would come when his words would no longer help. Before that day, he would see land.
Not an eye closed that night. The Captain stood on the high poop (艉楼) and with sleepless eyes he tried hard to look into the darkness ahead.
Then, two hours before midnight, the miracle happened. A far-off light struck his eyes. It wavered (摇曳) once or twice, moving quickly on the horizon, like a fisherman’s boat on the waves.
1. What’s the meaning of the underlined sentence “Not an eye closed that night”
A．Captain Columbus had been awake for the whole night.
B．Captain Columbus kept an eye closed that night.
C．Captain Columbus had one eye open that night.
D．Captain Columbus had slept heavily for the whole night.
考向03 代词指代题
【例3-1】（福建省泉州市第七中学2025学年高三上学期第一次返校考英语试卷节选）
Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
1. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Jazz becoming more accessible.
B．Jazz being less popular with the young.
C．The production of jazz growing faster.
D．The jazz audience becoming larger.
【答案】B
【详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段“Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.s, the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.(然而，尽管有这些庆祝活动，但在美国，爵士乐的受众群体仍在不新缩减目年龄日趋老龄化，这种音乐也未能打动年轻一代。)”和第三段"it's Jason Moran's job to help change that.(as on Moran的职责就是助力改变这一现状。)”可知，第三段中的that指代的是爵士乐在年轻人中受欢迎程度降低。故选B
【例3-2】（湖南省部分学校2025-2026学年高三上学期9月大联考英语试卷节选）
Though many self-improvement books claim “imagine it and it will happen”, this is actually the opposite of what you should be doing. The best preparation for the future is to imagine the process — not the outcome — of your desired future event. One study showed that when students imagined desired outcomes (good grades for an upcoming test) they performed significantly worse than students who imagined the process of getting to the desired outcomes (imagining studying thoroughly). Perhaps now you have something to keep in mind for your New Year’s resolutions
1. What does “something” underlined in the last paragraph probably indicate
A．How you will achieve your goal. B．What goal you want to achieve.
C．What future events will affect you. D．How future events will take place.
【答案】A
【详解】代词指代题。根据最后一段中“The best preparation for the future is to imagine the process — not the outcome — of your desired future event. One study showed that when students imagined desired outcomes (good grades for an upcoming test) they performed significantly worse than students who imagined the process of getting to the desired outcomes (imagining studying thoroughly)”.(为未来做最好的准备，是设想你所期望的未来事件的过程，而非其结果。一项研究表明，当学生设想期望的结果(即将到来的考试取得好成绩)时，他们的表现明显不如那些设想达到期望结果的过程(设想自己彻底学习)的学生)”可知，为未来做准备的最佳方式是想象实现目标的过程，而非结果。最后一段中划线词something指的是如何实现目标，即想象实现目标的过程。故选A。
【变式3-1】(2025高三·全国·专题练习节选)
Built-in brain
Roads of the future may be able to know how many people are on them. They could send them updates on weather and traffic jams, and recharge electric cars as they drive.
This seems to be a dream, but one American company has almost made it come true. By sensing the weight of a vehicle, the company’s smart roads can track the speed of each wheel. “We are basically making very large touchpads,” says Tim Sylvester, CEO of the company. “But instead of looking for fingers, our roads look for tires.” After having collected traffic data, the roads will send it to the drivers.
1. The underlined word “them” (in the “Built-in brain” section) refers to “_________”.
A．the roads B．the people
C．the electric cars D．the traffic data
【变式3-2】(2025高三·全国·专题练习)
“Plant-for-the-Planet” came out of a school project when Finkbeiner was a fourth-grader. The topic was climate change. To his nine-year-old worldview, that meant a danger to his favorite animal, the polar bear. The boy began to do his research online. Instead of information about polar bears, he found stories about Wangari Maathai. The Kenyan woman had planted 30 million trees in order to fix the environment of her hometown. The effort won her the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004.
Finkbeiner realized that it was not really about saving polar bears. Instead, it was about saving humans. He made a big decision: to plant one million trees in Germany. He talked about it with his schoolmates and with his head teacher. No one expected anything to come of it, but the boy was serious about his goal. Two months later, Finkbeiner planted his first tree, a crab apple (酸苹果树), near the entrance to his school.
1. The underlined word “it”(in Paragraph 4)refers to “________”.
A．the polar bear. B．fighting climate change.
C．the 2004 Nobel Peace Prize. D．the fourth-grade school project.
专题01 高考真题练
A
(浙江首考2025年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题)
A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.
The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds.
Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads.
It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth.
The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular pared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.
1．What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean
A．Running out of. B．Keeping away from.
C．Putting up with. D．Taking advantage of.
2．Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced
A．To control weeds in large gardens. B．To bring in foreign species of plants.
C．To conserve soil and water resources. D．To develop low-maintenance parkland.
3．Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf’s gardens
A．Traditional. B．Odd-looking.
C．Tasteful. D．Well-protected.
4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A．The future of gardening is WILD． B．Nature treats all lives as EQUALS.
C．Matrix gardens need more CARE. D．Old garden plots work WONDERS.
B
(2024年新课标全国Ⅱ卷英语真题)
Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now — several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
1．What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．If read by someone poorly educated. B．If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C．If written by someone less competent. D．If translated by someone unacademic.
2．What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text
A．It is packed with complex codes. B．It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.
C．It provides step-by-step instructions. D．It is intended for AI professionals.
3．What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development
A．Observe existing regulations on it.
B．Reconsider expert opinions about it.
C．Make joint efforts to keep it under control.
D．Learn from prior experience to slow it down.
4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A．To recommend a book on AI. B．To give a brief account of AI history.
C．To clarify the definition of AI. D．To honor an outstanding AI expert.
C
(2025年全国高考一卷英语真题)
In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well.
But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question: “Why is writing important ” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. This would have to change.
As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human.
1．Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1
A．Ninth graders. B．Students’ parents.
C．Modern writers. D．Fictional characters.
2．Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay
A．They were not given enough time. B．They had a very limited vocabulary.
C．They misunderstood the question. D．They had little interest in the topic.
3．What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Mixed. B．Amazing. C．Similar. D．Disturbing.
4．What does the author’s experience show
A．Teaching is learning. B．Still waters run deep.
C．Knowledge is power. D．Practice makes perfect.
D
(2024年新课标Ⅰ卷英语真题)
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
1．What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Seem unlikely to last. B．Seem hard to explain.
C．Become ready to use. D．Become easy to notice.
2．What does the shallowing hypothesis assume
A．Readers treat digital texts lightly. B．Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C．People select digital texts randomly. D．Digital texts are suitable for social media.
3．Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers
A．They can hold students' attention. B．They are more convenient to prepare.
C．They help develop advanced skills. D．They are more informative than text.
4．What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A．Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B．Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C．Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D．Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
专题02 优秀模拟题
A
(25-26高三上·湖南湘东十二校联考·期中)
In the bitter cold of the Arctic and Antarctica, bubbles in ice could become the ideal way to send municating in these regions is easier said than done, as the extreme sub-zero temperatures often limit equipment with high energy demands. To solve this issue, scientists have pioneered a plan to introduce frozen bubbles messages as a new method of communication.
And the idea is more than an exercise in frivolity, said Mengjie Song, an expert in thermodynamics (热力学) at the Beijing Institute of Technology and one of the lead authors of the new study published in the scientific journal Cell Reports Physical Science. “It is a totally new method for humans to record information,” Dr. Song said. He and his colleagues found that they could produce different shapes of air pockets in the ice sheet. Those shapes could be turned into Morse code (莫尔斯电码), which relies on dashes and dots. A camera captured the sequence of shapes, which were subsequently processed by a computer and translated into English letters and Arabic numerals. Researchers acknowledged, however, that much more work would have to be done to make such applications feasible.
This foundational breakthrough opens up a range of potential practical uses. For instance, it could be used to help create more accurate models for de-icing power lines, airplanes and high- speed trains. A clearer grasp of how ice bubbles form could also help scientists better understand the thermal and mechanical properties of bricks made from lunar soil. Trained to recognize patterns in ice bubbles, artificial intelligence (AI) could help study glaciers for clues about past climate patterns, or identify potential deposits (矿床) of natural gas.
Ice is an ancient substance that is found in every aspect of our lives. More specifically, ice bubbles are already known to hold clues about the atmospheric conditions that existed when they were formed. “We can not only make a message, but we can know the message inside it,” Dr. Song said. Although ice bubbles would probably not replace text messages, the new findings were important. “Science often works this way,” he said. Not all bubbles, maybe, are fated to burst.
1． What does the underlined word “frivolity” in paragraph 2 mean
A．An untested theory. B．A conventional practice.
C．A tough challenge. D．A meaningless behavior.
2．What do we know about ice bubbles from the text
A．Their shapes can be processed to record information.
B．Their formation helps in developing de-icing models.
C．They are studied to improve lunar soil brick properties.
D．Their patterns help AI to confirm existing natural gas deposits.
3． What can we infer from “Not all bubbles, maybe, are fated to burst” in paragraph 4
A．Some ice bubbles may exist permanently.
B．The new research may have lasting value.
C．Ice bubbles would replace text messages.
D．Science relies on ice bubbles to prove key facts.
4． What is the best title for the text
A．Ice Bubbles for Arctic Communication
B．Morse Code: Ice Bubble Translation Tool
C．Ice Bubbles: Messages and Clues
D．Ice Bubbles and Practical Solutions
B
(25-26高三上·山东名校考试联盟·期中)
Ever wondered how social media platforms decide how to fill our feeds They use algorithms (算法), of course, but how do these algorithms work In 2021, Frances Haugen, a Facebook product manager secretly took ten thousand pages of documents and internal messages out of Facebook headquarters. She leaked these to a handful of media outlets. A lot of stories soon ran, largely focusing on the most alarming, attention-grabbing secrets.
It turns out that Facebook engineers have assigned a point value to each type of engagement users can perform on a post (liking, commenting, resharing, etc.). Facebook’s algorithm calculates a personalized score for each post to determine its place in the feed. This score is got by multiplying the probability you’ll perform each engagement — likes, loves, etc. — by its pre-assigned point value, then summing these products. Posts are then ranked from highest to lowest score, creating your tailored feed. Then the magic formula is: Score=Vlike×Plike+Vlove×Plove+Vangry×Pangry+Vcomment×Pcomment+Vshare×Pshare.
The idea is that the algorithm wants to surface the posts you’re most likely to engage with. Have you ever seen a TikTok video with overlaid text saying something like “You won’t believe what happens,” or “You’ve gotta watch till the end ” Some people post videos where literally nothing happens, but they trick you into watching multiple times, thereby winning even more expected ments and seconds watched, no matter what quality and kind, tell TikTok’s algorithm one thing: “Give me more videos like this.”
Social media algorithms bring the things we engage with closer and closer. Once we start clicking the social media, we’re going to be served up a lot more of it. It’s a cruel cycle that can quickly turn our feeds into endless streams of digital trash. Knowing how and why this cycle happens is the first step to stop it. Just remember: the tech companies choose the Vs in the social media formula, but the Ps are shaped by your actions online.
1． What does the underlined part in paragraph 1 indicate
A．The social media were affected. B．The leak went viral immediately.
C．The manager hated Facebook a lot. D．The secret was an eye-catching event.
2． What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Why Facebook designed a formula. B．How Facebook determines our feeds.
C．How the formula was created carefully. D．Why users have to be cautious about posts.
3． What does the author intend to tell us with the TikTok example
A．Algorithms are smart to track everything.
B．Even unintentional watch can tell about our likes.
C．Some people will do everything to attract attention.
D．TikTok has more powerful algorithms than Facebook.
4． What does the author advise us to do
A．Focus on the positive videos only. B．Engage less with the content we hate.
C．Comment more on what we appreciate. D．Mind our responses to what is fed to us.
C
(2026届广东省大湾区高三上学期普通高中毕业年级联合模拟考试英语试卷)
Children are born with the curiosity to explore. Yet over time they are becoming less curious about science. Why This loss of interest may be partly the result of language cues (提示) children hear. And these cues don’t come just from parents; they can also come from school teachers who treat science as an identity rather than actions.
When talking to children, many adults might say things like “Let’s be scientists today!” or “You’re such a good scientist!”. But this kind of identity-focused language, which focuses on science as an identity rather than activities and actions that people do, can be demoralizing for young children. One study showed that children as young as four, especially girls, kept their interest longer when their cue to participate in science activities was “Let’s do science” rather than “Let’s be scientists.”
One possibility is that when thinking of a scientist, children might picture a white man. If they don’t share that identity, they lose interest in an activity designed “for scientists.” This stereotypical (刻板印象的) belief that science is reserved for only certain-kinds of people emerges surprisingly early. By the first grade, when asked to draw a scientist, children tend to draw a white man.
The good news is that language cues can also be directed to promote engagement with science. Describing science as actions that we take, for example, seems to protect young children’s interest in science over time. But it’s also true that teenagers are actively trying on and ultimately forming different identities for themselves. So in contrast to its demoralizing effects on young children, identity-focused language may help teens stay interested in science. In another study, cueing a future identity based on science (such as “scientist” or “doctor”) motivated middle schoolers to do more homework and was associated with higher grades.
Consequently, adults had better use different language cues for children of different age groups to maintain their curiosity about science.
1．What does the underlined word “demoralizing” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Inappropriate. B．Impolite. C．Unconvincing. D．Discouraging.
2．Why was action-focused language especially effective to young girls
A．Because it avoids identity conflict in girls’ mind.
B．Because stereotypical belief is reserved for girls.
C．Because it enhances girls’ engagement in science.
D．Because it shows the activity is designed for girls.
3．What may be the author’s suggestion for parents and teachers
A．To treat language as cues. B．To use identity-focused language.
C．To adopt flexible strategies. D．To help teenagers form identities.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Why Is Action Better than Identity
B．How Do Parents Raise Young Scientists
C．How Does Age Affect Science Learning
D．What Affects Children’s Interest in Science
D
(25-26高三上·河南·期中)
As the world’s appetite for electronic devices grows ever bigger, the other side of the coin — e-waste — is raising alarms. According to a UN report, 62 million tons of e-waste was generated in 2022, enough to fill 1.5 million trucks.
Most of the e-waste went to landfills or burning, with potential negative consequences for the environment and human health. Besides, $62 billion-worth of recyclable resources like rare earth elements are lost in the process. Currently, just 1% of the world’s demand for these elements, which are necessary to modern electronic devices, is met by e-waste recycling.
Aquafade, a plastic which can completely dissolve (溶解) in about six hours when placed in water, brings hope. It could be used in computers or keyboards, and dissolve when they’re no longer wanted, making it easier to recycle the most valuable components and reducing e-waste.
“For most electronic products, when they’re being recycled, it’s the disassembly (拆卸) that’s the real hassle. Another bottleneck in e-waste recycling is transportation, which raises costs and creates carbon emissions.” says Samuel Wangsaputra, one of the inventors of Aquafade. “I think the brilliant bit with Aquafade is that a lot of that process is simply done at home.”
Their challenge is to make a coating (涂层). It is also made of a plastic polymer, only applied to the outer shell, making the product water resistant up to five meters for 30 minutes, which covers accidental spills or wet weather. But once we disassemble the product, it creates a crack. That’s when we put it in water to dissolve six hours later, and what’s left is the most valuable parts of the product.
Peter Edwards, a professor at the University of Oxford, calls it “an interesting development”, but wonders whether the dissolved plastic will persist in the environment and ultimately end up as microplastic. Samuel acknowledges they have not yet fully investigated how the solution would biodegrade (生物降解) in the long term.
1． What is the main concern raised about e-waste in paragraph 2
A．The rising cost of recycling e-waste.
B．The great loss of valuable materials.
C．The insufficient supply of rare earth elements.
D．The public’s appetite for new electronic goods.
2． What does the underlined word “hassle” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Strategy. B．Reason. C．Trouble. D．Value.
3． What was the primary technical challenge in developing Aquafade
A．Ensuring the coating dissolves quickly enough.
B．Making a material that biodegrades completely.
C．Applying the coating to the internal parts of a device.
D．Creating a coating resisting water yet dissolving in it.
4．What is Peter Edwards’ attitude to Aquafade
A．Careful. B．Supportive. C．Critical. D．Unclear.
E
(25-26高三上·江苏无锡·期中)
Scientists are advancing forward in brain-computer interface (BCI) technology, and a newly developed system can translate our thoughts into text or sound.
It’s essentially an inner speech decoder (解码器), developed by researchers from institutions across the US. In tests on four volunteers with severe disabilities, the decoder has an accuracy rate of up to 74 percent in translating thoughts into audible (听得见的) speech. The potential here is for a BCI that can help those with speech disabilities to communicate more effectively than ever before.
Previous BCIs have relied on brain activity that is created when a person tries to speak or write, even though their bodies cannot carry out the action. This new technology gets a step closer to the source. “If you just have to think about speech instead of actually trying to speak, it’s potentially easier and faster for people,” says neuroscientist Benjamin Meschede-Krasa, from Stanford University in the US.
Machine learning was used to train the BCI to connect brain signals to words as the four participants thought about them. The researchers found that there was overlap between certain brain patterns when the volunteers tried to speak and when they only imagined words and phrases. Despite this, the signals could be distinguished from each other. With some probability calculations thrown in, the new BCI can recognize up to 125,000 words using only inner speech. “We found that we could decode these signals well enough to demonstrate a proof of principle, although still not as well as we could with attempted speech,” says neuroscientist Frank Willett, from Stanford University.
There’s still a long way to go there, and the BCI often falls far short of that 74 maximum accuracy rating. However, by employing more advanced technology, the researchers are confident that the system can be quickly improved over the next few years. “This work gives real hope that speech BCIs can one day restore communication that is as fluent, natural, and comfortable as conversational speech,” says Willett.
1． How does the new BCI system differ from previous ones
A．It helps healthy people communicate fluently.
B．It doesn’t require the user to try to speak or write.
C．It uses a more advanced machine learning model.
D．It can identify more words with higher accuracy.
2． What does the underlined word “overlap” in paragraph 4 refer to
A．Gap. B．Conflict. C．Balance. D．Similarity.
3． What is the main problem with the new BCI
A．Security. B．Speed. C．Accuracy. D．Convenience.
4． What is the text mainly about
A．A breakthrough in decoding inner speech.
B．The working principle of a new BCI system.
C．Differences between a new BCI and previous ones.
D．Challenges for people with severe speech disabilities.
F
(25-26高三上·湖北武汉中学·期中)
Fooled by Randomness is a famous book in Nassim Nicholas Taleb’s landmark Incerto series, an investigation of luck, uncertainty, probability, human error, risk, and decision-making in a world we don’t understand.
Now in a striking new hardcover edition, Fooled by Randomness is the word-of-mouth sensation that will change the way you think about business and the world. Nassim Nicholas Taleb — seasoned trader, renowned risk expert, knowledgeable scholar, and New York Times bestselling author of The Black Swan — has written a modern classic that turns on its head what we believe about luck and skill.
This book is about luck — or more precisely, about how we perceive and deal with luck in life and business. Set against the backdrop of the most notable forum in which luck is mistaken for skill — the world of trading — Fooled by Randomness provides captivating insight into one of the least understood factors in all our lives. Writing in an entertaining narrative style, the author tackles major intellectual issues related to the underestimation of the influence of happenstance on our lives.
The book is populated with a number of characters, some of whom have grasped, in their own way, the significance of chance: the baseball legend Yogi Berra; the philosopher of knowledge Karl Popper; the modern financier George Soros; and the Greek voyager Odysseus. We also meet the fictional Nero, who seems to understand the role of randomness in his professional life but falls victim to his own irrational foolishness.
However, the most recognizable character of all remains unnamed — the lucky fool who happens to be in the right place at the right time — he embodies the “survival of the least fit.” Such individuals attract devoted followers who believe in their mentor’s (导师) insights and methods. But no one can copy what is obtained by chance.
Are we capable of distinguishing the fortunate charlatan (冒充内行的人) from the genuine innovator Must we always try to uncover nonexistent messages in random events It may be impossible to guard ourselves against the unpredictability of the goddess Fortuna, but after reading Fooled by Randomness we can be a little better prepared.
1． What is Fooled by Randomness mainly about
A．The success of modern traders.
B．The importance of skill in trading.
C．The role of luck in life and business.
D．The impact of human errors on decision-making.
2．What’s the purpose of mentioning the characters in paragraph 4
A．To highlight the significance of their achievements.
B．To emphasize their success in the trading world.
C．To illustrate how foolishness always leads to failure.
D．To show examples of those who understood randomness.
3．What does “lucky fool” in paragraph 5 really refer to
A．A trader known for their skill and achievements.
B．A scholar famous for their insights and methods.
C．Someone who owes their success to skill, ignoring luck.
D．A person who foolishly undervalues hard work and devotion.
4．According to the passage, what mistake do people often make
A．They overestimate their personal abilities.
B．They fail to see how chance affects their success.
C．They depend heavily on guidance from mentors.
D．They overlook significant events in daily life.
G
(25-26高三上·湖北华中师范大学第一附属中学·月考)
In a new study published in the British Journal of Health Psychology, researchers from the Universities of Bath and Southampton have revealed how just 10 minutes of daily mindfulness (正念) practice can improve wellbeing, ease depression and anxiety and help people to be more motivated to improve their lifestyle — including healthier exercise, eating and sleeping habits.
The research recruited 1,247 adults from 91 countries and utilized a free mobile app called Medito to deliver brief daily mindfulness sessions. Participants were randomly allocated to either a month-long mindfulness routine or a control group that listened to excerpts (节选) from “Alice in Wonderland”. The mindfulness sessions included relaxation exercises, intention-setting, body scans, breath-focused attention and self-reflection. Surveys conducted before and after the 30-day training period revealed substantial improvements in the mindfulness group:
Reduced Depression by 19.2% more than control group;
Improved Wellbeing by 6.9% more;
Decreased Anxiety by 12.6% more;
Attitudes to Health got more positive by 7.1% over control group;
Behavioural Intentions to look after health increased by 6.5% beyond control group.
These benefits were largely maintained after 30 days. In follow-up surveys one month later(Day 61), the mindfulness group showed long-term improvements in their wellbeing, notably a reduction in depression, more positive attitudes and even better sleep.
This research is among the first to link mindfulness practice to broader lifestyle changes, underscoring its potential for promoting healthier living habits like exercising regularly. Masha Remskar, the lead researcher and an expert in behavior change, emphasized that even short daily mindfulness practice can be a powerful tool for mental health improvement. Dr. Max Western from the University of Bath stressed the potential global impact of a light-touch, affordable mindfulness intervention (介入) on healthy lifestyle behaviors, noting its benefits still lasted after the course ended, indicating that it can help build sustainable habits.
The study was supported by the UKRI Economic and Social Research Council and collaborated with the Medito Foundation, a non-profit promoting mindfulness globally through a free app alternative to subscription based services. Medito paved the way for the “30 Day Challenge”, but had no part in data collection, analysis or publication.
1． What can be inferred about daily mindfulness
A．It can cure depression and anxiety.
B．It may lead to sustainable benefits.
C．Its benefits are limited to stress reduction.
D．It is especially effective for severe depression.
2．What does the underlined word “underscoring” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Highlighting. B．Ignoring. C．Doubting. D．Transforming.
3． What does the Medito Foundation do in the study
A．Fund the research and collect data.
B．Analyse the data and release results.
C．Make profits and monitor the process.
D．Facilitate the study and spread mindfulness.
4． Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A．The Medito App: Promoting Mindfulness Practice
B．Brief Daily Mindfulness: Big Benefits for Wellbeing
C．Mindfulness vs. Control Group: A Comparative Study
D．Recent Research in Health Psychology: Mindfulness Edition
H
（2025届江苏省南京市鼓楼区南京师范大学附属中学高三下学期三模英语试题）
One of the top sources of added sugar in children’s diets in America is in their breakfast cereal (麦片). A study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine shows that advertising drives sales of high-sugar cereals when it’s aimed directly at kids under 12-but not when it targets adults.
In the study, researchers looked at all cereals purchased by 77,000 U.S. households over a nine-year period, between 2008 and 2017. They also looked at Nielsen ratings data, which closely monitored all the ads that people in a household saw-both children and adults. What they found was a strong relationship between how much advertising was targeted to kids and how much sugary cereal that households with children bought. By contrast, there was no link to increased purchases when ads targeted adults. And these extensive data also showed that behaviors that were learned in childhood could track into adulthood, which could lead to poor health outcomes over a lifetime.
The study is the first to directly compare the influence of food advertising exposure by children with that of adults. The findings offer novel evidence of how food marketing turns children into the “ultimate weapon” in influencing family spending because they consistently ask their parents to purchase a concept known as “pester power”.
The food industry launched the Children’s Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative, a voluntary effort to police itself. The 21 participating food companies made a commitment to cut back on marketing unhealthy foods to children under 12 — later revised to under 13. A new study conducted in 2024 showed that children’s exposure to cereal ads on TV programming aimed at kids has dropped dramatically.
But Lindsey Smith Taillie, a food policy researcher at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, says these voluntary efforts aren’t making a difference. Advertisements, like kids’ eyeballs, are moving online, making it even harder to know what marketing children are being exposed to, Taillie notes.
1．What did the study find about child-targeted food ads
A．They had no connection with adults’ purchases.
B．They were less effective than adult-targeted ads.
C．They might affect children’s health in the long run.
D．They could reduce children’s interest in sugary food.
2．What does the underlined phrase “pester power” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Parents’ unconditional love. B．Children’s uncontrolled spending.
C．Parents’ growing consumption. D．Children’s repeated purchase requests.
3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．An expectation for further study. B．The follow-up influence of the study.
C．A limitation of the research method. D．The potential application of the findings.
4．What is Tallie’s attitude toward the voluntary efforts
A．Favorable. B．Tolerant. C．Disapproving. D．Reserved.
I
(2025届江苏省南京市南京师范大学附属中学高三下学期5月英语模拟试题)
As students draw near the midterm season, so do their feelings of anxiety and stress. With deadlines approaching, it’s easy to become wrapped up in essays and exams, but Arthur Lyhne-Gold, a student at the University of Edinburgh, found the poems may be the means to calm that stress.
His idea blossomed from the concept of “the Poetry Pharmacy (药房)”, which was a shop that, instead of offering pills or prescriptions, gave customers books of poetry to solve their own problems. Calm, comfort, inspiration: whatever they were searching for, there was always a poem to help them find it.
Arthur brought this concept to campus, handing out 400 free poems with various themes to brighten the day of students. Students could always find him giving out poems outside the Main Library, especially when the midterms and Edinburgh winters got them down.
His project was rooted in personal struggles. During a study abroad year in Canada, he battled loneliness and seasonal depression. Arthur said, “I tried medical recommendations like light therapy but they weren’t as helpful. Instead, I found so much comfort in some songs, some literature, and some poetry.” He then began to hang posters around campus with poems relating to the theme of seasonal depression and decided to expand on the idea of “the Poetry Pharmacy” ,when he came back to the University of Edinburgh.
While many dismiss studies in arts as less useful as those in science, Arthur argues for the unique value of arts and poems. He explains that, “there is a tendency in Western medicine to compartmentalise things: You have a cardiologist (心脏病医生), a dentist, but never someone looking comprehensively.” On the contrary, as he claims, arts can arrange all the things and words to bring peace to people and cure their body as a whole. “In a way, poetry is medicine.”
1．Who was “the Poetry Pharmacy” originally intended for
A．Book lovers searching for themed poems.
B．Students anxious about essays and exams.
C．People struggling with personal problems.
D．Patients seeking free medical consultations.
2．What motivated Arthur to start his project
A．His emotional issues in Canada. B．His academic struggles in Edinburgh.
C．His doctor’s medical recommendation. D．His experience in the Poetry Pharmacy.
3．What does the underlined word “compartmentalise” in paragraph 5 mean
A．Prioritize. B．Integrate.
C．Simplify. D．Divide.
4．What is the text mainly about
A．The development of the Poetry Pharmacy.
B．A medical treatment for seasonal depression.
C．A student’s poetry initiative to ease peers’ stress.
D．The combination of arts and science in mental health.
J
(2025届湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三下学期模拟考试（二）英语试卷)
The convenience of modern life is nothing short of astonishing. As I write this, my phone is wirelessly sending some hits from the 1700s to my portable speaker. The fact that, as a culture, we celebrate such short cuts is understandable. That said, most people are able to sense that convenience has a darker side.
Before getting into that, we’d better understand why convenience is so seductive first. We often desist doing the things we need to do to make progress. Behind every well-intentioned plan lies this horrible sense of inertia (惰性). Why is this resistance — and our corresponding appetite for ease — such an essential part of our makeup
Here, insights from evolutionary psychology (particularly the idea of“the evolutionary mismatch”) can help. The evolutionary mismatch is the idea that we colved for a hunter-gather difostyle, and that while our circumstances have changed completely, our brains and bodies haven’t. Resistance was a necessary counterbalance (制衡) to the bursts of intense activity that characterized the lives of hunter-gatherers: searching for food in driving rain, or running to escape a dangerous animal. It’s the reason we still ask: “Do I really have to be doing this Shouldn’t I save my energy ” The people choosing to remain sheltered during snowstorms, when the prospect of obtaining food was low, were more likely to live and pass on their genes to the next generation.
Since then, of course, innovation has changed things greatly. We’ve altered technology and our environments partly to serve our natural instinct (本能) to conserve energy. The question is: what do we stand to lose by following our tendency to prioritize comfort and convenience
Continually choosing the convenient path lessens your ability to deal with unavoidable difficulties. And, from an evolutionary perspective, some measure of discomfort is as crucial to our survival as rest and relaxation. Our ancestors didn’t survive purely by being lazy, but through a combination of playing it safe and taking necessary risks.
This difficulty itself does shape our character. In the technological world we have fashioned, we must sometimes make conscious efforts to act in opposition to our instincts. As a culture, we must remember while convenience feels good in the moment, our capacity to adapt and overcome challenges is part of our evolutionary inheritance (遗传) too, and central to the adventure of life.
1．What does the underlined word “seductive” in paragraph 2 most probably mean
A．Attractive and inviting. B．Useful and practical.
C．Harmful and dangerous. D．Annoying and frustrating.
2．What does“the evolutionary mismatch” primarily refer to
A．The inconsistency between personal goals and societal expectations.
B．The contrast between modern convenience and ancient challenges.
C．The argument over the hunter-gatherer lifestyle of ancient people.
D．The conflict between our natural instinct and the current environment.
3．What may prioritizing convenience in modern life result in
A．It may lead to a lack of innovation and progress.
B．It may reduce our ability to overcome challenges.
C．It may make us overly dependent on technology.
D．It may cause a decline in physical fitness.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A．The Benefits of Modern Technology
B．Understanding Evolution in Today’s World
C．The Dark Side of Convenience in Modern Life
D．Rejecting Modern Convenience for a Better Life
K
(2026届广东省深圳市福田高三上学期第二次模拟英语试题)
The interplay between literature and scientific research has been evident throughout history. At a surface level, literature often anticipates future scientific developments, and science, in turn, provides a rich source of inspiration for literary creation. However, the interaction between these two goes beyond mere creativity; it invites deeper thoughts on the ethical (道德的) and philosophical impacts of technological advancements.
For instance, science fiction works like Isaac Asimov’s I, Robot play a direct role in shaping and inspiring the development of artificial intelligence (AI). This book pictures a future where robots coexist with humans and are governed by the “Three Laws of Robotics”. These laws not only influence the real-world AI research but also become a cornerstone in the debate surrounding AI ethics. These fictional laws provide more than just a blueprint for scientists; they serve as a bridge, making complex technological issues easier for the public to grasp.
Yet, the influence of literature on science extends even further. Take Liu Cixin’s The Three-Body Problem as an example. The scientists in this fiction are not merely pioneers of scientific breakthroughs — they also represent the difficult choices and inner conflicts that humanity faces. Through their struggles, Liu presents a profound question: As science pushes us into new territory, are we truly prepared to bear the responsibility for the unforeseen impacts of technological advancements in the future
The true value of literature in relation to science is its ability to stir the pot. It not only question what we can achieve through science but also whether we should pursue these achievements. While science focuses on problem-solving and innovation, literature makes us consider the broader influence on nature and society, ensuring our progress is guided by wisdom, understanding, and humanity.
1．What do we know about I, Robot
A．It instructs scientists in detail. B．It boosts research on bridges.
C．It facilitates public access to science. D．It sets laws for robots in the real world.
2．Why does the author mention The Three-Body Problem
A．To point out the complexity of science.
B．To warn about the dangers of technology.
C．To show literature’s moral concerns about science.
D．To suggest literature’s direct influence on innovation.
3．What do the underlined words “stir the pot” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Explore and explain. B．Challenge and reflect.
C．Assume and examine. D．Educate and entertain.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Science: the Blueprint of Literature B．Science: a Whisper in Literature’s Ear
C．Literature: a Critical Insight into Science D．Literature: the Gateway to Scientific Ideas
L
(2026届广东省中山市第一中学高三第二次模拟预测英语试题)
Beneath the quiet surface of a forest lies a busy network scientists call the “Wood Wide Web”. Far from being isolated individuals, trees communicate, share resources, and even send warnings through an underground system of fungi (真菌).
The key players in this hidden conversation are mycorrhizal fungi. These thread-like organisms connect tree roots, forming vast networks. Research from the University of British Columbia reveals that up to 90% of land plants depend on these fungi. Through this interdependent relationship, trees exchange nutrients like carbon and nitrogen. Older “mother trees” often act as hubs, sending extra sugars to younger saplings struggling in shaded areas — a

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