资源简介

题型04 阅读理解主旨大意题
题型简介
主旨大意即作者在文章或段落中想要表达的主要内容，是文章或段落的核心思想，也是作者通过行文逻辑和各种细节信息阐明的核心内容。把握主旨大意是英语阅读理解的一项关键能力，对正确理解全文有重要意义。考生在解题时应通过略读捕捉文中的关键词句，把握篇章和段落结构，梳理篇章和段落的行文脉络，从而弄清作者的写作思路，最终归纳出主旨大意。高考阅读理解中，对该关键能力的考查主要有以下三种：归纳段落大意、理解全文主旨和选定最佳标题。
设题类型&命题方式
1. 段落大意题：段落大意题主要考查考生对段落核心信息的理解，要求考生在理解段落内容的基础上提炼出核心信息，然后对比选项，选出最契合段落主要内容的选项。
段落大意题常见设问形式：
What is the first/second/...paragraph mainly about
What does paragraph. .. mainly talk about
What does the writer try to express in paragraph...
2. 文章大意题： 文章大意题主要考查考生对一篇文章的整体理解,要求考生具备在速读中准确掌握全文主旨的能力。考生需要在理解全文内容的基础上,通过归纳概括、推理判断等逻辑思维活动,概括出全文主旨大意。文章大意额常见设问形式:What is the text mainly about What's the main idea of the text What is mainly talked about in the text
3. 标题归纳题：标题是文章中心思想的精练表达。标题归纳题主要考查考生把握文章主旨,理解文章中心思想的能力，要求考生在理解文章的基础上运用判断、归纳、概括等方法,对文章的主题进行提炼或高度概括,最终准确地选出文章的标题。标题归纳题常见设问形式:Which is the most suitable title for the text What can be a suit-able title for the text Which of the following would be the best title for the passage Which of the following can serve as the best title for the passage
解题思路
1： 段落大意题解题思路
首先，逐句分析内容。通读段落中的每一句话，准确理解其字面意思，并用简短的关键词概括每句的核心内容。
其次，串联逻辑关系。分析句子之间的逻辑衔接，如并列、转折、因果或例证关系。特别注意区分观点句、论证句和例证句，这有助于识别信息的主次。
接着，提炼核心主旨。将各句的关键内容进行整合，合并表达相同或相似概念的要点。在此过程中，需要去掉次要的细节信息、具体的数据或补充说明的例子，保留并突出段落最核心的论述焦点。
最后，比对选项确定答案。将提炼出的核心主旨与题目选项进行仔细比对。排除那些只涉及段落局部细节、过于宽泛或与段落内容明显不符的选项，选择最能全面、准确概括整段核心思想的答案。
2. 文章大意题解题思路
第一步：分析各段落大意
这是解题的基石。首先，逐段阅读文章，重点捕捉每一段的中心思想。关键在于定位段落的主题句。主题句通常出现在段首句或段尾句，这些位置常常是作者提出观点或总结结论的地方。同时，要特别关注转折词（如but, however）后面的句子以及设问句的答语，这些部分往往承载了段落的真实意图。此外，一些表示总结或结论的信号词（如therefore, thus, in conclusion）引出的句子也至关重要。通过这一步，将一篇长文章分解为几个核心的段落大意。
第二步：提炼文章主旨
在厘清各段落核心意思的基础上，进入整合阶段。首先，留意在全文反复出现的高频词和核心词，这通常是文章讨论的核心话题。接着，串联各段落大意，审视它们之间的逻辑关系——是并列阐述不同方面，是递进深入，还是对比论证？在此基础上，合并相同或相似的内容，将它们归类为文章主旨的几个核心维度。同时，要果断地去掉次要内容，如具体的例子、详细的数据或补充说明，确保焦点集中在主干思想上。
第三步：对比分析选项，确定答案
将你通过以上步骤提炼出的文章主旨与题目选项进行仔细比对。排除那些只涉及文章局部细节、某一段落内容的选项，以及那些范围过于宽泛或与文章核心思想不符的选项。最终选择的答案，必须能够全面、准确地涵盖全文的核心论点，而非只是部分内容的重述。
3. 标题归纳题解题思路
第一步：分析段落，提炼文章主旨
这是解答所有主旨大意题的基础，标题题也不例外。标题必须是全文核心思想最集中的体现
1. 定位主题句：逐段阅读，重点分析每一段的段首句和段尾句，这些位置通常是观点或结论所在。同时，务必关注转折词（如but, however）之后的句子以及疑问句的答语，这些部分往往揭示了作者的真正意图。由总结性信号词（如therefore, in conclusion）引出的句子也至关重要。
2. 捕捉高频词与核心词：留意在全文反复出现的词汇或概念，它们是文章讨论的中心话题，常常会成为标题的关键词。
3. 串联与提炼：在概括各段大意后，将它们串联起来，找出其内在逻辑关系。合并相同或相似内容，并果断去掉次要的细节和例子，从而凝练出全文唯一且核心的论点或说明对象。
第二步：把握正确标题的核心特征
一个最佳标题，其选项通常具备以下特点：
概括精准：标题必须准确地覆盖全文的核心内容，范围既不能太宽也不能太窄。
统领全文：标题所表述的内容应能统领全文各个段落，是所有段落共同服务的主旨。
醒目新颖：在准确的基础上，好的标题应具备一定的吸引力和概括性，能够引起读者兴趣。
第三步：对比分析选项，排除干扰
将你提炼出的文章主旨与各个选项进行严谨比对。此时，要重点识别和排除干扰项：
以偏概全：选项只对应文章某个段落或细节，无法代表整体。
概括过度：选项范围过大，超出了文章实际讨论的范畴。
无中生有：选项涉及了文章中未曾提及的信息或观点。
考向01 段落大意题
【例1-1】(2026届云南省云南民大附中高三第三次联考模拟预测英语试题节选)
Researchers have created a new nanogenerator that collects and turns the energy from everyday movements into electricity. It uses materials that become electrically charged when in contact. Think of how rubbing a balloon on someone’s hair makes it stick to each other because of static electricity (静电). Instead of one electrode (电极) passing energy by itself, the new device has a relay of workers who shift mechanical energy, like running, into electricity. Each electrode collects a charge and then passes it on to the next electrode. The accumulating charge creates more energy in a process known as the charge regeneration effect.
1. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A．How the nanogenerator works.
B．Why the device needs electrodes.
C．When static electricity works in balloons.
D．What the charge regeneration effect is.
【答案】A
【详解】主旨大意题，根据第四段内容，尤其是“Instead of one electrode (电极) passing energy by itself, the new device has are lay of workers who shift mechanical energy, like running, into electricity. Each electrode collects a charge and then passes it on to the next electrode. The accumulating charge creates more energy in a process known as the charge regeneration effect(新的设备不是由一个电极单独传递能量，而是由一系列接力工作的电极将跑步等机械能转化为电能。每个电极收集电荷，然后将其传递给下一个电极。累积的电荷在一个被称为电荷再生效应的过程中产生更多的能量。”可知，第四段主要介绍了纳米发电机的工作原理。故选A。
【例1-2】（2026届浙江省宁波市海曙区等5地高三一模英语试题节选）
The real issue, however, goes deeper than misinformation. It points to a fundamental problem in urban innovation: the difficulty of imagining a life less dependent on the private car. For decades, the car has symbolized personal freedom and status. Any policy that seems to reduce car use, even if it aims to enhance overall quality of life, can make people feel emotionally upset. This reflects what transport experts call “car dependency”, a cultural and deep-rooted habit that is hard to break.
1. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A．The challenge of a less car-centered life.
B．The significance of private cars.
C．The public’s reactions to a new policy.
D．The definition of car dependency.
【答案】A
【详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段 “The real issue, however, goes deeper than misinformation. It points to a fundamental problem in urban innovation: the difficulty of imagining a life less dependent on the private car. For decades, the car has symbolized personal freedom and status. Any policy that seems to reduce car use, even if it aims to enhance overall quality of life, can make people feel emotionally upset. This reflects what transport experts call “car dependency”, a cultural and deep-rooted habit that is hard to break.”.(然而，真正的问题远不止是信息传播不准确这么简单。它揭示了城市创新中一个根本性的难题:难以想象一种不再过度依赖私家车的生活方式。数十年来，汽车一直象征着个人自由和地位。任何看似减少汽车使用量的政策，即便其目的是提升整体生活质量，也会让人们产生情绪上的不适。这反映了交通专家所说的“对汽车的依赖”，这是一种根深蒂固的文化习惯，很难改变)”可知，本段主要讲了一种少依赖汽车的生活方式所带来的挑战。故选A。
【变式1-1】(江苏省扬州大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期阶段检测节选)
When I was growing up, my mom often said that no matter what grades I got in school as long as I did my best, she’d be proud of me. Then she added, “But if you didn’t get an A, I’ll know you didn’t do your best.” She said it with a smile, but I took it seriously. I shouldn’t settle for anything less than perfect. My greatest weakness is that I’m too much of a perfectionist.
Perfectionism is the desire to be 100% perfect. The goal is zero faults and no failures. In an increasingly competitive world, kids face growing pressure from parents to be perfect and severe criticism when they fall short. Every fault is a blow to their self-esteem (自尊). I’ve lived it myself.
1. What is paragraph 1 mainly about
A．The disadvantage of being a perfectionist.
B．Why the author became a perfectionist.
C．How the author got the good grades in school.
D．The feeling of being grateful to the author’s mother.
【答案】B
【详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段 “When I was growing up, my mom often said that no matter what grades I got in school as long as I did my best, she’d be proud of me. Then she added, “But if you didn’t get an A, I’ll know you didn’t do your best.” She said it with a smile, but I took it seriously. I shouldn’t settle for anything less than perfect. My greatest weakness is that I’m too much of a perfectionist.” (在我成长的过程中，我妈妈经常说，不管我在学校取得了什么成绩，只要我做到了最好，她就会为我感到骄傲。然后她又说:“但如果你没有得到A，我就知道你没有尽力。”她说这话时面带微笑，但我却当真了:我不应该满足于任何不完美的东西。我最大的缺点是过于追求完美)”可知，第一段主要讲的是作者成为完美主义者的原因。故选B。
【变式1-2】(山东省名校考试联盟2025-2026学年高三上学期期中检测英语试题试卷)
Ever wondered how social media platforms decide how to fill our feeds They use algorithms (算法), of course, but how do these algorithms work In 2021, Frances Haugen, a Facebook product manager secretly took ten thousand pages of documents and internal messages out of Facebook headquarters. She leaked these to a handful of media outlets. A lot of stories soon ran, largely focusing on the most alarming, attention-grabbing secrets.
It turns out that Facebook engineers have assigned a point value to each type of engagement users can perform on a post (liking, commenting, resharing, etc.). Facebook’s algorithm calculates a personalized score for each post to determine its place in the feed. This score is got by multiplying the probability you’ll perform each engagement — likes, loves, etc. — by its pre-assigned point value, then summing these products. Posts are then ranked from highest to lowest score, creating your tailored feed. Then the magic formula is: Score=Vlike×Plike+Vlove×Plove+Vangry×Pangry+Vcomment×Pcomment+Vshare×Pshare.
1. What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Why Facebook designed a formula.
B．How Facebook determines our feeds.
C．How the formula was created carefully.
D．Why users have to be cautious about posts.
【答案】 B
【详解】【小题2】主旨大意题。根据第二段 “It turns out that Facebook engineers have assigned a point value to each type of engagement users can perform on a post (liking, commenting, resharing, etc.). Facebook’s algorithm calculates a personalized score for each post to determine its place in the feed. This score is got by multiplying the probability you’ll perform each engagement — likes, loves, etc. — by its pre-assigned point value, then summing these products. Posts are then ranked from highest to lowest score, creating your tailored feed. Then the magic formula is: Score=Vlike×Plike+Vlove×Plove+Vangry×Pangry+Vcomment×Pcomment+Vshare×Pshare.”
(事实证明，Facebook的工程师已经为用户在帖子上可以进行的每种互动行为(点赞、评论、转发等)赋予了相应的分值。Facebook的算法会为每条帖子计算出一个个性化的得分，以确定其在信息流中的位置。这个得分是通过将你执行每种互动行为(点赞、喜爱、等)的概率与其预先设定的分值相乘，然后将这些乘积相加得到的。随后，帖子会按照得分从高到低进行排序，从而形成符合您个人偏好的信息流。接下来是这个神奇的公式:得分= 欢迎度x欢迎度概率 +喜爱度x喜爱度概率 + 愤怒度x愤怒度概率 + 评论度x评论度概率 + 转发度x转发度概率)”可知，第二段主要讲的是脸书如何决定我们的信息推送内容。故选B。，第二段丰要讲的是脸书如何决定我们的信息推送内容。故选B。
考向02 文章大意题
【例2-1】（江苏省泰州市靖江市2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题节选）
Chinese Nobel Prize-winning physicist Zhen Ning Yang, one of the most influential scientists in modern physics, passed away in Beijing on October 18 due to illness at the age of 103.
Born in 1922, Yang was brought up surrounded by the Tsinghua campus, where his father was a math professor. After finishing his undergraduate degree, he obtained his master’s degree from Tsinghua. He enrolled in the University of Chicago in the United States to pursue a doctorate in 1946 and was strongly influenced by Italian-American physicist Enrico Fermi, who had won the same Nobel Prize in 1938. He later became a professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.
Yang won the Nobel Prize in 1957 with Tsung-Dao Lee for their investigation of the so-called parity laws that led to “important discoveries regarding the elementary particles,” according to the Nobel Prize website. They were the first Chinese-born Nobel Prize winners in physics.
Professor Yang was deeply devoted to his homeland, making remarkable contributions to China’s scientific and educational developments. His visit to China in 1971 led to a wave of visits by overseas scholars, earning him recognition as the pioneer in building the bridge of academic exchange between China and the United States. He later proposed the restoration and strengthening of basic scientific research to China’s central leadership. He also raised funds to establish the “Committee on Educational Exchange with China”, which has continuously sponsored nearly 100Chinese scholars for advanced studies in the United States. These scholars later became the backbone of China’ s scientific and technological development. He undertook extensive work to promote China’s scientific and technological exchange and progress, offering advice and exercising significant influence on major Chinese scientific projects and the formulation (制定) of science and education policies.
………..
1. What is the article mainly about
A．Yang’s lifelong contributions to China.
B．Yang’s research on elementary particles.
C．Yang’s influence on global science policy.
D．Yang’s educational background in America.
【答案】A
【详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第四段中心句“Professor Yang was deeply devoted to his homeland, making remarkable contributions to China’s scientific and educational developments.”(杨教授对祖国深怀热爱，为中国的科学和教育事业作出了卓越的贡献。)”和第五段中心句“After returning to Tsinghua University in1999,he took on developing the Institute for Advanced Study as his new mission.(1999年回到清华大学后，他把发展高等研究院作为自己的新使命。)”可知，文章重点展现杨振宁教授毕生对祖国的奉献。故选A。
【例2-2】（湖南省多校联考2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题）
In 1911, US explorer and academic Hiram Bingham arrived in South America for what would become his greatest achievement: exploring the remote hinterland west of Cusco, the old Inca capital in Peru’s Andes. His goal was to find the remains of Vitcos, the last Inca capital.
………….
In his book, he described the ascent (登高) vividly: he noted the constant risk of deadly snakes(though he saw none), but that unease faded quickly as he felt growing excitement — first at finding terraces, a mausoleum, monumental staircases, and finally Machu Picchu’s grand ceremonial buildings. “It seemed like an unbelievable dream, one so vivid and so overwhelming that I forgot to breathe, and the sight held me enthralled, rooted to the spot, unable to tear my eyes away,” he wrote. We should remember, however, that Lost City of the Incas is a work of sight, not written until1948, many years after his journey.
1. What does the text mainly talk about
A．The historical background of the Inca empire
B．The Urubamba valley’s geographical features
C．Bingham’s discovery of the Machu Picchu ruins
D．A comparison of Bingham’s team and earlier travelers
【答案】C
【详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“In 1911, US explorer and academic Hiram Bingham arrived in South America for what would become his greatest achievement: exploring the remote hinterland west of Cusco, the old Inca capital in Peru’s Andes. His goal was to find the remains of Vitcos, the last Inca capital.”(1911年，美国探险家兼学者Hiram Bingham抵达南美洲，此行成就了他最为辉煌的事业:探索库斯科以西那片偏远的内陆地区，那里是秘鲁安第斯山脉中的古印加帝国的旧都。他的目标是寻找维托克斯的遗迹，那是古印加帝国的最后一个都城)”结合文章主要说明了1911年美国探险家Bingham赴南美寻找印加古城遗址，借新小路前行，意外登山发现马丘比丘，多年后在书中生动描述了当时的震撼场景。可知，文章主要讲了Bingham对马丘比丘遗址的发现。故选C。
【变式2-1】(2025届河北省名校联考高三下学期第二次模拟考试英语试题节选)
Big changes can come in tiny details. A publisher has discovered that changing the design and font (字体) in books saves millions of pages and thousands of trees. The design team at Harper Collins examined how they could make their books environmentally friendly while preserving readability.
It all started in 2015 when Zondervan, their division, explored ways to save pages when printing a classic book. The classic is a huge book, consisting of 2,500 pages. To save pages, the division developed a new typeface called NIV Comfort Print that is compact (紧凑) and comfortable to read. The use of Zondervan’s compact font reduced the classic’s length by 350 pages and saved 100 million pages of paper. If these pages were stacked up (堆积), this would be the size of four Empire State Buildings.
Harper Collins wanted to apply this solution to their fiction and non-fiction books. After they asked designers to come up with ideas, the designers created 50 versions of a 600-page book by using easy-to-read fonts and redesigned pages where there was less white space.
…
Questioning how we do things to make them more sustainable applies to all, especially those who work at an office with a printer. Be it at home, at school or at work, sustainable solutions can go a long way. And one need not be a publisher to adopt these changes.
1. What is the text mainly about
A．Eco-friendly ways to store books.
B．Resource-saving publishing changes.
C．A creative and cooperative publisher.
D．An innovative solution to deforestation.
【答案】B
【详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段 "A publisher has discovered that changing the design and font (字体)in books saves millions of pages and thousands of trees,(一家出版社发现，改变书籍的设计和字体可以节省数百万页纸张和数千棵树木)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了哈珀·柯林斯出版社通过改变书籍设计和字体来节约资源，实现环保出版的变革。故选B项。
【变式2-2】(浙江省宁波市鄞州中学2025学年高三考前适应性考试英语科试卷)
CPR and basic first aid care are skills that millions acquire. Now this same type of training is available for mental health. Sigma Theta Alpha (STA), a professional health organization at UConn (University of Connecticut), has taken the lead to bring the program to campus, ensuring each student can benefit from it.
Mental Health First Aid training is a national initiative that is performed locally by Mental Health Connecticut, a statewide non-profit organization. The group has come to UConn three times for training. “We introduce information on mental illness with the basic facts. We don’t teach how to diagnose — we do the opposite. Labeling and jumping to conclusions based on symptoms and behaviors are harmful and dangerous, because that is for professionals,” says Valerie Cooper, a community educator for the organization.
Like CPR, Mental Health First Aid is a universal experience taught the same way everywhere. The program is split into classroom-style work, watching videos, and simulation of real-life issues. The action plan taught works under the acronym of ALGEE — Assess for risk of harm, Listen non-judgmentally, Give reassurance and information, Encourage appropriate professional help, and Encourage self-help and other support strategies. “Being a mental health first aider is to listen non-judgmentally and create a space of trust,” says Cooper. “We teach people that listening will be more important than anything they say.”
UConn nursing major Lisa Iwanicki, 18, is a member of Sigma Theta Alpha. Iwanicki says she got a lot out of the simulation activities. “It was cool to be in a room with people who wanted to help make a change. It was not just about learning the signs of mental illness, but what someone can do in the community to help,” says Iwanicki. “Recovery is possible. The most important thing is to keep people hopeful. You have to try and try.”
1. What is the passage mainly about
A．A student care project at UConn.
B．Development of CPR skills.
C．A professional health organization.
D．Campus activities of UConn.
【答案】A
【导语】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要围绕康湿狄格大学的Sigma Theta Alpha组织引入心理健康急救培训项目展开，介绍了该项目的内容、目的以及学生的收获等，因此“康涅狄格大学的一个学生关爱项目”最能概括文章主旨。故选A项。
考向03 标题归纳题
【例3-1】（浙南名校联盟2025-2026学年高三上学期十月联考英语试题）
Picture this, you win two tickets to a sold-out concert and eagerly text to ask your friends if they’d like to join. There comes their response “Maybe.” Your mood immediately turns, for you need to wait for their decisions before you can figure out your plans for the concert.
If you’ve experienced anything like the above anecdote, you’re not alone. People responding “maybe” to invitations is a common yet annoying aspect of social life. What goes on in people’s heads when they aren’t sure whether to accept an invitation Social invitations can be a delicate dance. People often misread what someone extending an invitation wants to hear and overestimate an inviter’s likelihood of preferring a “maybe” over a “no.” Moreover, they fail to realize how much more disrespected people feel when they receive a “maybe” in response to their invitation.
Naturally, we wanted to figure out why this awkward dynamic plays out. We found that it’s largely due to something called “motivated reasoning.” Motivated reasoning occurs when a person interprets information in a biased (有偏差的) way to suit their own wishes. In other words, invitees convince themselves that inviters want to hear “maybe” instead of “no” because a “maybe” is better for the invitees, allowing them to leave their options open. Besides, people tend to overestimate the negative consequences of saying “no” to invitations, thinking it will upset, anger and disappoint inviters.
However, there were certain situations that made people more comfortable saying “no” to an invitation. When recipients of an invitation put themselves in the shoes of the person extending the invitation, they are more likely to realize that they’d probably prefer a definite answer. When the participants get invited to do something they didn’t want to do, they had no desire to keep their options open. The motivated reasoning then became irrelevant.
While navigating social situations can be tricky, being direct and definite is sometimes best. It might reduce your options. But it’ll keep those who invite you from being left uncertain and maybe they’ll still think of you when the next concert comes to town.
1. What is the best title for the passage
A．The Psychology behind “Maybe”
B．The Hidden Consequence of “Maybe”
C．“Maybe”: A Polite Escape from Conflict
D．“Maybe”: A Perfect Solution to Invitations
【答案】A
【详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章开头以音乐会铁事引出人们对邀请回复"Maybe”的现象，接着在第三段分析了这一现象背后"动机性推理”的心理原因，第四段介绍了人们更愿意说“不”的特定情况，最后给出直接回应的建议。全文围绕“Maybe”背后的心理机制展开，因此A项”'Maybe’背后的心理学”概括了文章主题，最适合作为文章标题。故选A项。
【例3-2】（江苏省扬州大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期第一次月考英语试题）
I’ve always loved books. When I was a child, I would bring them everywhere-to the dinner table and to class. I became a reader in the absence of digital audiobooks (音频书).
Nevertheless, with the rise of smartphones, audiobooks have exploded in popularity, and as with any new interest, new criticisms have risen in response. I’ll admit I used to think that audiobooks “didn’t count” because you could listen to them passively, and I got annoyed with people who said they had read this or that number of books when their lists included, or were perhaps entirely made up of audiobooks. But I’ve come around since then, both on a personal and on a social level.
I do still think reading a book and listening to an audiobook are different. They use different areas of the brain; they’re allowed in different contexts. But I have grown to love audiobooks for the distinct advantages they offer — for example, some have voice actors do distinctive voices for different characters, or actually put melody to songs that only have lyrics in the written text.
The line of thinking that would let us believe that audiobooks “don’t count” as reading prevents people from reading. If someone struggles with print books, and they find out that audiobooks are the best way for them to engage, they will listen to more books. If we want to build a world of readers, we have to support reading in any form.
If any readers have read the book Fangirl by Rainbow Rowell, they know one main character struggles with reading. He doesn’t have trouble reading. He just can’t focus on text. In order to survive college, he records lectures, meets up with other students to discuss the topic, and comes up with other coping mechanisms. Engage with books however you want: buy them, get them from the library, download them online. It doesn’t matter. Don’t we have better uses for our time than to criticize how other people take in information
1. Which of the following is probably the best title for the text
A．Why Print Books Decline in the Digital Age
B．Audiobooks: A Threat to Traditional Literacy
C．Reading Redefined: Why All Formats Matter
D．How Technology Transforms Reading Habits
【答案】C
【详解】【小题4】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段“If someone struggles with print books, and they find out that audiobooks are the best way for them to engage, they will listen to more books. If we want to build a world of readers, we have to support reading in any form.”(如果有人在阅读纸质书时感到困难，而发现有声书是他们进行阅读的最佳方式，那么他们就会去听更多的书。如果我们想要打造个爱读书的世界，就必须支持任何形式的阅读)”可知，本文主要探讨了有声书与纸质书阅读的关系，并呼吁人们以开放态度支持各种阅读形式，因此最好的题目是C选项“Reading Redefined: Why Al Formats Matter (阅读新解:为何所有形式都至关重要 )”，故选C
【变式3-1】(江苏省盐城市五校联考2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题)
Scientists in Australia thought they had developed a new tracking device to help them monitor magpies (喜鹊), but these birds had other ideas.
Australian magpies are medium-sized black and white birds from the same bird “family” as crows and bluejays. They are known to be quite clever. They live in groups of up to 12 birds and work together to defend the area they live in.
The purpose of the scientists’ experiment was to learn more about how far they travel each day and how their social behaviors are influenced by sex, age, and rank. Besides, the scientists were eager to test the newly developed tracking device.
Most trackers are too big to fit on small and medium sized birds, and small trackers tend to be limited when it comes to data storage, battery life, and reusability. The new tracker, weighing less than 1 gram, was designed to overcome these problems. Attached to a backpack-like harness (背带) which could not be removed easily, the device can re-charge wirelessly and transmit (传输) data wirelessly.
The scientists placed trackers on five magpies using their special harnesses. Things started to fall apart almost immediately. Within 10 minutes of fitting the final tracker, an adult female without a tracker tried to remove the harness from a younger bird and eventually succeeded. This pattern was repeated in the following hours, and by the third day none of the birds had trackers anymore.
Scientists refer to this as “rescue behavior,” and it happens when a helper tries to free another individual in trouble and with no obvious direct benefit to the rescuing individual. They think this is the first time rescue behavior has been reported for Australian magpies. However, they aren’t sure if the same individual removed all of the harnesses or if others offered help.
The team didn’t get the data they wanted, but their experiment still produced interesting results. That’s how science works sometimes. The scientists need to try, again to figure out a good way to track these clever birds.
1. Which can be the best title for the text
A．Magpies Teach Scientists an Unexpected Lesson
B．Climate Change Makes Magpies More Difficult
C．The Trackers Help Magpies Get Used to Nature
D．Magpies Are Adjusting to the Trackers on Their Bodies
【答案】A
【详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段"Scientists in Australia thought they had developed a new tracking device to help them monitor magpies (喜鹊), but these birds had other ideas.(澳大利亚的科学家们原本以为他们已经研发出了一种新的追踪设备，能够帮助他们监测喜鹊的行为，但这些鸟儿却另有打算)”结合文章主要说明了澳大利亚科学家为监测喜鹊，给五只喜鹊安装了新研发的不到1克的追踪器，却被其他喜鹊在三天内拆掉，这或为喜鹊救援行为，实验虽未达目的却有新发现。可知，A选项“喜鹊让科学家们有了一个意想不到的发现”最符合文章标题。故选A。
【变式3-2】(山东师范大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月阶段测试英语试题)
Do you ever find yourself randomly thinking back to the times we wandered, collecting wildflowers and smiling beneath the sky That feeling is often referred to as nostalgia (怀旧).
Psychologists have defined nostalgia as a self-conscious, social emotion, bittersweet but dominantly positive. It comes from our happy memories and our desire to go back to the past and reconnect with the people we cared about. Often, nostalgia involves sensory stimuli. On some occasions, the smell of autumn leaves might generate a fierce longing for your childhood home. Almost everyone can experience nostalgia, although its object tends to vary throughout life. One survey conducted by the psychologist Krystine Irene Batcho found that younger people felt more nostalgia for pets, toys, and holidays than did older people, who felt it more strongly for music.
In contrast to its links to negative emotions, nostalgia doesn’t make us sadder. Rather, nostalgia is a defensive response to unhappiness, one that brings relief from a negative mood. Research from 2006 shows that nostalgia can actually strengthen social ties, improve self-esteem, and uplift our mood. Other studies suggest that it can also enhance our view of life’s meaning, reduce fear of death, boost spirituality, and increase optimism.
Scholars remain uncertain about the precise mechanism behind the effectiveness of nostalgia; however, some suggest that reflecting on joyful memories strengthens our sense of self-worth and belonging, particularly during times of loneliness or self-doubt. Its power lets the happiness of the past overcome the current unpleasantness, offering a bit of escape from tough times. To form stronger connections, we can establish traditions around shared past experiences in families, friend groups, and workplaces. Observing special occasions like childhood sports or post-college meetups can give us something to look forward to.
Perhaps because it is so powerful and complex, nostalgia has received magical treatment from poets and writers. “The past is hidden somewhere outside the realm (领域), beyond the reach of intellect,” Marcel Proust wrote.
1. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Nostalgia: Why We Should Avoid Reflecting on the Past
B．Nostalgia: A Shelter Against the Unhappiness of Our Life
C．A Nostalgia Warning: Our Mental Health Being Attacked
D．Power of Nostalgia: Struggling for an Irreplaceable Present
【答案】B
【详解】主旨大意题。根据全文内容以及第四段“Scholars remain uncertain about the precise mechanism behind the effectiveness of nostalgia; however, some suggest that reflecting on joyful memories strengthens our sense of self-worth and belonging, particularly during times of loneliness or self-doubt. Its power lets the happiness of the past overcome the current unpleasantness, offering a bit of escape from tough times.”(学者们仍然不确定怀旧效应背后的确切机制;然而，一些人认为，回忆快乐的记忆可以增强我们的自我价值感和归属感，尤其是在孤独或自我怀疑的时候。它的力量可以让过去的快乐克服当前的不愉快，为艰难时期提供一点逃避。)，文章主要讲述了怀旧的定义、产生原因、影响以及我们应如何利用怀旧来增强社交关系和自我价值感，因此B选项“怀旧:我们生活中的避难所”最能概括全文内容。故选B。
专题01 高考真题练
A
(浙江首考2025年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题)
A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.
The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds.
Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads.
It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth.
The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular pared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.
1．What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean
A．Running out of. B．Keeping away from.
C．Putting up with. D．Taking advantage of.
2．Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced
A．To control weeds in large gardens. B．To bring in foreign species of plants.
C．To conserve soil and water resources. D．To develop low-maintenance parkland.
3．Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf’s gardens
A．Traditional. B．Odd-looking.
C．Tasteful. D．Well-protected.
4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A．The future of gardening is WILD． B．Nature treats all lives as EQUALS.
C．Matrix gardens need more CARE. D．Old garden plots work WONDERS.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型园艺设计方法——矩阵种植。
1．词句猜测题。根据上文“Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing.(这种被称为矩阵种植的方法旨在让大自然在花园中承担更多繁重的工作，甚至承担一些设计工作)”可知，矩阵种植是让大自然自身承接更多的工作；结合常识和划线词所在句“Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.(Eschewing化肥和电动工具，它基于一个极其简单的原则：更像大自然那样进行园艺种植)”中“to garden more like nature does”可推知，要像大自然那样进行园艺种植，让大自然自身承接更多的工作，就不需要使用化肥和电动工具。所以划线词“Eschewing”的意思是“避开、远离”，与“Keeping away from.”同义。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.(这个概念诞生于二战后，当时德国城市规划者试图以一种可复制且需要最少维护的方式种植大片公园绿地)”可知，引入矩阵种植的想法是为了开发低维护成本的公园绿地。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four season interest and serving the needs of wildlife.(荷兰植物学家兼设计师Piet Oudolf的花园推广了这种风格，在种植组合中增添了艺术气息，同时玩转色彩和形态，四季都有看点，还满足了野生动物的需求)”可知，Piet Oudolf的花园有艺术气息，很有品味。故选C项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.(这种被称为矩阵种植的方法旨在让大自然在花园中承担更多繁重的工作，甚至承担一些设计工作。它避开化肥和电动工具，基于一个极其简单的原则：更像大自然那样进行园艺种植)”和最后一段中“With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular pared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.(随着人类投入的大幅减少，花园的生态系统可以良好发展。成熟的矩阵花园不需要我们给予大多数花园的维持手段：化肥、分株、定期浇水。与传统花园地块相比，它们增加了碳吸收，减少了雨水径流，并显著改善了栖息地和生物多样性)”可知，文章主要介绍了矩阵种植这种新型园艺设计方法，它让花园更接近自然、野生的状态，未来园艺可能会朝着这种更自然、野生的方向发展。故A项“The future of gardening is WILD(园艺的未来是自然的)”能概括文章主旨，适合做文章标题。故选A项。
B
(2025年全国高考一卷英语真题)
While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead.
Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Br mmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives.
Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world.
We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door.
1．What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1
A．Cars often get stuck on the road. B．Traffic accidents occur frequently.
C．People walk less and drive more. D．Pedestrians fail to follow the rules.
2．What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do
A．Keep their cities livable. B．Promote cultural diversity.
C．Help the needy families. D．Make expressways accessible.
3．What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s
A．They boosted the sales of cars. B．They turned out largely ineffective.
C．They won government support. D．They advocated building new parks.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Why the Rush B．What’s Next
C．Where to Stay D．Who to Blame
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了西方城市过度围绕汽车设计导致行人流动性下降，尤其是儿童步行减少的现象，并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能，重视城市宜居性。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. (虽然近年来我们的街道可能已经改善了安全性，但交通研究也表明行人的流动性下降，尤其是年轻儿童。许多家长说，路上的交通太拥挤，他们的孩子无法安全步行上学，所以他们把孩子塞进车里)”可知，作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” (最著名的是，一位加拿大记者在20世纪50年代初举家迁往曼哈顿，她领导了一场阻止当地公园被毁的运动。在描述她对用高速公路取代公园的提议感到震惊时，Jane Jacobs呼吁她的市长捍卫“纽约作为适宜居住的地方，而不仅是匆匆穿过的通道”)”可推知，加拿大记者和其他运动参与者旨在保持城市宜居性。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. (尽管这些运动很普遍，但现实是大多数西方城市完全围绕汽车需求重新设计。道路上的汽车数量一直在迅速增加)”可推知，20世纪60年代末和70年代澳大利亚的竞选活动未能阻止汽车发展，基本上没有效果。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章最后一段“We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities (我们在帮助我们快速通过的道路上投入了大量资金，但我们没有考虑到真正的成本。我们真的认识到当孩子们不能在我们的社区安全地移动时，我们作为一个社会将会付出什么代价吗)”可推知，本文批判城市过度追求交通效率、忽视行人需求的现象，A项“Why the Rush (为何匆匆？)”质问“rush through (匆匆通行)”的规划理念，契合主旨，最适合作为本文标题。故选A。
C
(2025年全国高考二卷英语真题)
Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food Mine does. Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time.
Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. From technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we’re already growing. But last month, one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away.
For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.
A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion.
It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine.
Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything.
1．What can be inferred about the author’s early life
A．He witnessed food shortage. B．He enjoyed the local cuisine.
C．He donated food to Africans. D．He helped to cook at home.
2．Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment
A．To customize dishes for guests. B．To make the public aware of food waste.
C．To test a food processing method. D．To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems.
3．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Why the ingredients were used. B．Which dishes were best liked.
C．What the dishes were made of. D．Where the ingredients were bought.
4．What can we learn about wastED
A．It has ended as planned. B．It is creating new jobs.
C．It has regained popularity. D．It is criticized by top chefs.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了食物浪费问题，并以纽约一家餐厅的短期实验项目“wastED”为例，该餐厅通过创意改造本该被丢弃的食材制作菜品，以此提高人们对可持续饮食的关注。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. (这种感觉或许源于在南非的成长经历 —— 在那里，“非洲还有孩子在挨饿” 这句话与其说是晚餐时的祈祷，不如说是对现实令人不安的提醒)” 可知，作者在南非长大，那里有孩子挨饿是事实，由此可推断作者早年目睹了食物短缺的情况。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. (每道菜都是量身定制的，以提高人们对食物浪费的认识)”可知，Blue Hill餐厅进行这个实验，将菜单改为只提供原本会被扔掉的食物，是为了提高公众对食物浪费的认识。故选B。
3．主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. (值得注意的是，从技术上讲，wastED的菜单上没有一项是由垃圾制成的。相反，所有使用的食材都是大多数餐馆永远不会考虑供应的肉类部位和农产品。羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等东西都被重新利用，在许多优秀厨师的助力下，变成了美味的菜肴)”可知，本段主要介绍了wastED菜单上的菜品所用的配料，如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等，所以本段主要讲的是这些菜肴是由什么做成的。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. (尽管 wastED 餐厅收获了热烈的评价，但它从一开始就被设计为短期实验项目；此后，Blue Hill 餐厅已回归常规菜单)”可知，wastED从一开始就被设计为短期实验，现在餐厅已恢复常规菜单，从而推断，实验项目“wastED”已经按计划结束了。故选A。
专题02 优秀模拟题
A
(25-26高三上·辽宁沈阳东北育才学校等校·)
In the early 1960s, Andy Warhol began experimenting with his signature silkscreen technique, which he used to make artistic statements about mass production — including his famous works describing Coca-Cola bottles. “A Coke is a Coke,” he once said. “and no amount of money can get you a better Coke than the one the beggar on the corner is drinking.”
Now, more than 60 years later, Coca-Cola is capitalizing on the artist’s statements. A new global ad campaign, titled “Masterpiece,” features Warhol’s 1962 Coca-Cola, alongside paintings from other masters. Contemporary artists like Stefania Tejada and WonderBuhle are also included.
The two-minute film opens in an art museum, where a group of students are drawing under the watchful eye of their teacher — all except one young man, about to fall asleep, the page of his drawing book completely blank. But then the paintings come to life. A hand from Aket’s Divine Idyll (2022) shoots out from its frame, pulling the Coke bottle from Warhol’s painting, which hangs on a nearby wall. So begins the bottle’s journey through the major works of the museum hall, as characters from paintings new and old throw the drink between them. The final masterpiece we see, which ultimately delivers the ice-cold Coke to the student, is Johannes Vermeer’s Girl With A Pearl Earring (1665). She opens the bottle and hands it over, just before the art student’s professor wanders over to see his now-complete assignment.
The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts is on board with the new campaign. “These pieces, paired with works by emerging artists from around the globe, celebrate the inspirational power of visual art through the magical lens (镜头) of Coca-Cola.” says Michael Dayton, the foundation’s director of licensing, marketing and sales.
In recent years, using famous artworks in advertising has become a popular strategy. But some artists have a different opinion on these campaigns. In November, the British street artist Banksy called out the clothing brand Guess for “helping themselves” to his artwork for a new collection without his permission. Meanwhile, American artist Keith Haring’s work has been popping up seemingly everywhere, from Adidas sneakers to a Pandora jewelry campaign.
1． What can we infer from Andy Warhol’s statement “A Coke is a Coke”
A．Coca-Cola is the best drink in the world.
B．The value of a Coke lies in itself, not in its consumer.
C．Rich people can never get the same Coke as the Beggars’.
D．Money can buy everything except a better Coke.
2． What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．A detailed description of Coca-Cola’s ad.
B．The influence of Coca-Cola on art creation.
C．Artworks that contribute to Coca-Cola’s ad.
D．An introduction to Warhol’s 1962 Coca-Cola.
3． What is Michael Dayton’s attitude to Coca-Cola’s ad
A．Critical. B．Doubtful. C．Favorable. D．Dismissive.
4． What is the best title for the passage
A．Andy Warhol’s Famous Coca-Cola Artworks
B．The Evolution of Coca-Cola’s Advertising Strategies
C．Coca-Cola’s “Masterpiece” Campaign: Art Meets Marketing
D．Controversies Surrounding Art Usage in Commercial Ads
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。介绍了可口可乐借助艺术作品开展广告活动。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段““A Coke is a Coke,” he once said. “and no amount of money can get you a better Coke than the one the beggar on the corner is drinking.”(“可乐就是可乐，”他曾说，“即便拥有万贯家财，你喝到的可乐也不会比街角乞丐喝到的更高级。”)”可知，安迪·沃霍尔说即便拥有万贯家财，喝到的可乐也不会比街角乞丐喝到的更高级，所以他认为可口可乐的价值在于它本身，而不是它的消费者。故选B项。
2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The two-minute film opens in an art museum, where a group of students are drawing under the watchful eye of their teacher — all except one young man, about to fall asleep, the page of his drawing book completely blank. But then the paintings come to life. A hand from Aket’s Divine Idyll (2022) shoots out from its frame, pulling the Coke bottle from Warhol’s painting, which hangs on a nearby wall. So begins the bottle’s journey through the major works of the museum hall, as characters from paintings new and old throw the drink between them. The final masterpiece we see, which ultimately delivers the ice-cold Coke to the student, is Johannes Vermeer’s Girl With A Pearl Earring (1665). She opens the bottle and hands it over, just before the art student’s professor wanders over to see his now-complete assignment.(这部两分钟的短片开场于艺术博物馆，一群学生在老师注视下写生——唯有一名年轻男子昏昏欲睡，素描本一片空白。但此时画作骤然苏醒：从阿克特2022年作品《神圣田园》中突然伸出一只手，抓取相邻墙面上沃霍尔画作里的可乐瓶。随着新旧画作里的人物相互抛递这瓶饮料，可乐的奇幻旅程就此穿越展厅的重要藏品。最终将冰镇可乐送达学生手中的，是约翰内斯·维米尔1665年的画作《戴珍珠耳环的少女》。她开启瓶盖递出可乐，恰在艺术教授踱步前来检阅之时，学生已顺利完成画作)”可知，第三段详细描述了可口可乐广告的内容。故选A项。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段““These pieces, paired with works by emerging artists from around the globe, celebrate the inspirational power of visual art through the magical lens (镜头) of Coca-Cola.” says Michael Dayton, the foundation’s director of licensing, marketing and sales.(“这些经典杰作与全球新锐艺术家的作品交织，通过可口可乐的魔法镜头，颂扬视觉艺术的启迪力量。”基金会授权与市场总监迈克尔·戴顿表示)”可知，迈克尔·代顿对可口可乐广告持支持态度。故选C项。
4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Now, more than 60 years later, Coca-Cola is capitalizing on the artist’s statements. A new global ad campaign, titled “Masterpiece,” features Warhol’s 1962 Coca-Cola, alongside paintings from other masters. Contemporary artists like Stefania Tejada and WonderBuhle are also included.(六十余年后的今天，可口可乐公司正将这位艺术家的宣言转化为商机。名为“杰作”的新全球广告活动，特别呈现了沃霍尔1962年的《可口可乐》画作，并使其与其他大师杰作同台亮相。斯蒂法妮亚·特哈达、旺德布尔等当代艺术家的作品也位列其中)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了可口可乐利用沃霍尔等艺术家的作品开展“Masterpiece”营销活动，贯穿艺术与商业的结合，所以C项“Coca-Cola’s “Masterpiece” Campaign: Art Meets Marketing(可口可乐的“杰作”活动：艺术与营销)”是本文最好的标题。故选C项。
B
(25-26高三上·江苏镇江一中、镇江中学、南京部分学校·月考)
Usain Bolt burned about 10kcal of energy to win his gold during the 200 metre spring final at the Olympic Games, which could roughly power an old 60W light bulb for 11 minutes. If you could make use of all the power generated by all the athletes during the Games, you would still be nowhere close to reaching the 29.5 billion Watts consumed overall by the athletes, spectators and organizers over the event. We take sport for granted, but do we ever consider its cost to the planet
From the water required to maintain the golf course during The Masters tournament to the hundreds of flights it takes to bring football fans to a World Cup, major sports events are not helping much in the fight against global heating. What’s more, there is a lack of recognition within sport of its responsibilities and little discussion about possible solutions.
This is strange, given that the effect works both ways: the climate crisis is not just affected by sports, but it is already having a negative impact on many sports. When ice-climber Will Gadd set out to conquer the world’s glaciers, he didn’t realize it would become a race against climate change. “I thought glaciers are there forever.” When he arrived at the summit, Gadd was shocked: “The ice…wasn’t there. The things I planned to climb were gone.”
Global heating is noticeable in other sports. Amy Steel played professional netball until she suffered from heatstroke after playing in 39℃ conditions and unfortunately, the damage was permanent. Not only that, but extreme weather events made more frequent as a result of global heating mean sporting events are more often delayed or canceled. This has cost sport billions in potential earnings.
Yet sport can be a powerful motivator: it can unite whole nations behind its teams. Could sport have a role to play in driving climate awareness Will Gadd and Amy Steel are among many athletes who think so One thing is certain. Sport must put climate change at the top of its agenda and decarbonize at a Usain Bolt-like pace to make a difference.
1． What is the main focus of the first paragraph
A．Why do sports events consume energy
B．How much power do athletes generate
C．What is the energy impact of sports events
D．How did Bolt contribute to the environment
2． Why does the writer use Will Gadd and Amy Steel as examples
A．They initiated eco-friendly sports practices.
B．They sustained permanent injuries in sports.
C．They fell victim to climate-related incidents.
D．They achieved record-breaking performances.
3． What effect of global heating on sports is mentioned in the text
A．Stricter facility restrictions. B．Substantial financial losses.
C．Higher athlete training standards. D．Prolonged outdoor sports seasons.
4． What can be a suitable title for the text .
A．Sports in the Climate Crisis
B．Athletes against Global Heating
C．The Impact of Climate Change on Sport
D．The Environmental Cost of Outdoor Sports
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了气候危机与体育运动的关系，即气候危机中的体育运动。
1．主旨大意题。由文章第一段“Usain Bolt burned about 10 kcal of energy to win his gold during the 200 metre spring final at the Olympic Games, which could roughly power an old 60W light bulb for 11 minutes. If you could make use of all the power generated by all the athletes during the Games, you would still be nowhere close to reaching the 29.5 billion Watts consumed overall by the athletes, spectators and organizers over the event. We take sport for granted, but do we ever consider its cost to the planet (在奥运会200米短跑决赛中，尤塞恩·博尔特为赢得金牌消耗了大约10千卡的能量，这些能量大约可以为一个60瓦的旧灯泡供电11分钟。如果你能利用所有运动员在奥运会期间产生的所有能量，你仍然远不能达到运动员、观众和组织者在比赛期间消耗的295亿瓦的总能量。我们认为体育运动是理所当然的，但我们是否考虑过它给地球带来的代价)”可知，第一段重点关注的是体育赛事的能量影响。故选C。
2．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“When ice-climber Will Gadd set out to conquer the world’s glaciers, he didn’t realize it would become a race against climate change. “I thought glaciers are there forever.” When he arrived at the summit, Gadd was shocked: “The ice…wasn’t there. The things I planned to climb were gone.”(当攀岩者威尔·盖德开始征服世界上的冰川时，他没有意识到这将成为一场与气候变化的赛跑。“我以为冰川是永远存在的。”当他到达顶峰时，盖德震惊了：“冰……不在那里。我计划攀登的东西都不见了。”)”以及第四段中“Amy Steel played professional netball until she suffered from heatstroke after playing in 39℃ conditions and unfortunately, the damage was permanent. (艾米·斯蒂尔在39℃的环境下打过职业无挡板篮球，直到中暑才退役，不幸的是，她的伤势是永久性的)”可推知，作者使用二人作为例子，是想说明气候对运动员的影响——他们成了气候相关事件的受害者。故选C。
3．细节理解题。由文章第四段中“Not only that, but extreme weather events made more frequent as a result of global heating mean sporting events are more often delayed or canceled. This has cost sport billions in potential earnings. (不仅如此，由于全球变暖，极端天气事件更加频繁，这意味着体育赛事更经常被推迟或取消。这让体育界损失了数十亿美元的潜在收入)”可知，全球变暖造成体育运动重大财务损失。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“We take sport for granted, but do we ever consider its cost to the planet (我们认为体育运动是理所当然的，但我们是否考虑过它给地球带来的代价)”以及第三段第一句“This is strange, given that the effect works both ways: the climate crisis is not just affected by sports, but it is already having a negative impact on many sports.(这很奇怪，因为这种效应是双向的：气候危机不仅受到体育运动的影响，而且它已经对许多体育运动产生了负面影响)”，尤其是文章最后一段中“Sport must put climate change at the top of its agenda and decarbonize at a Usain Bolt-like pace to make a difference. (体育必须把气候变化放在议程的首位，以尤塞恩·博尔特那样的速度去碳化，才能有所作为)”可知，本文主要说明了气候危机与体育运动的关系。由此可知，Sports in the Climate Crisis(气候危机中的体育运动)适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。
C
(25-26高三上·福建龙岩永定第一中学·月考)
People today are much cleverer than they were in previous generations. A study of 72 countries found that average IQs rose by 2.2 points per decade between 1948 and 2020. This stunning change is known as the Flynn Effect after James Flynn, the scientist who first noticed it. Flynn was initially confused by his discovery. It took millions of years for the brain to evolve. How could it improve so rapidly over just a few decades
The answer is largely that people were becoming better nourished and mentally stimulated. Just as muscles need food and exercise to grow strong, the brain also needs the right nutrients and activity to develop. Kids today are much less likely to be malnourished (营养不良的) than they were in past decades, and more likely to go to school. Yet there is no room for satisfaction. In poor and middle-income countries, many children are still too ill-fed to reach the cognitive potential.
The world grows enough food, but several obstacles stop nutrients getting into young brains. One is war. Families sheltering around cannot risk out to plant or harvest, and some governments intentionally starve certain regions into submission. Another is disease. Hungry children fall sick more often, and the energy they spend battling bugs cannot be devoted to growing brains. Poverty is also a big part of the problem. But global data from UNICEF, an aid agency, show that although half the children with very restricted diets (including no more than two food groups) are indeed from poor families, the other half are not. Other factors, such as poor eating habits, are to blame as well. Research about how to overcome the obstacles is needed.
Some argue that human intelligence will matter less as people entrust (委托) their thinking to artificial intelligence. To assume this would be as foolish as betting 100 years ago that the invention of the car would make it unnecessary to walk. In the workplace, human intelligence and AI will probably assist each other. And brains are for the joy of thinking, as well as earning money. Steven Pinker of Harvard University calls human intelligence “a tailwind in life”, helping people adapt rationally to new challenges or a changing environment. For a modest price, the next generation can have a stronger tailwind. It would not only be wrong to refuse them the tailwind. It would be stupid.
1． What can we learn about the Flynn Effect
A．Average IQs have risen fast in the past decades.
B．Intelligence has been stable across generations.
C．People now are as intelligent as their ancestors.
D．Better education leads to improved physical health.
2． What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean
A．The Flynn Effect has reached its peak. B．Global problems continue despite IQ gains.
C．Society values human intelligence less. D．Malnutrition is merely a result of poverty.
3． What does the author think of artificial intelligence
A．Useless. B．Unique. C．Beneficial. D．Ineffective.
4． What is the best title for the passage
A．Stages of IQ Development B．Secrets to Rising IQs Worldwide
C．Insights Into Global IQ Trend D．Influence of the Flynn Effect
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了全球智商尽管有所提高但仍存在的挑战，提供了对影响全球智商上升趋势因素的深入观察。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“A study of 72 countries found that average IQs rose by 2.2 points per decade between 1948 and 2020. This stunning change is known as the Flynn Effect after James Flynn, the scientist who first noticed it.(一项针对72个国家的研究发现，从1948年到2020年，平均智商每十年上升2.2个百分点。这种惊人的变化被称为弗林效应，以第一位注意到这一现象的科学家詹姆斯·弗林的名字命名)”可知，过去几十年里，平均智商上升得很快。故选A。
2．句意猜测题。根据划线词后文“In poor and middle-income countries, many children are still too ill-fed to reach the cognitive potential.(在贫穷和中等收入国家，许多儿童仍然营养不良，无法发挥认知潜力)”可知，后文提到在贫穷和中等收入国家，许多儿童仍然营养不良，无法发挥认知潜力，表明没有满足的余地。所以即使智商有所提高，仍然存在全球性问题。故划线句意思是“尽管智商有所提高，全球问题仍在继续”。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In the workplace, human intelligence and AI will probably assist each other.(在工作场所，人类智能和人工智能可能会相互帮助)”可知，作者认为人工智能是有益的。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“People today are 题型04 阅读理解主旨大意题
题型简介
主旨大意即作者在文章或段落中想要表达的主要内容，是文章或段落的核心思想，也是作者通过行文逻辑和各种细节信息阐明的核心内容。把握主旨大意是英语阅读理解的一项关键能力，对正确理解全文有重要意义。考生在解题时应通过略读捕捉文中的关键词句，把握篇章和段落结构，梳理篇章和段落的行文脉络，从而弄清作者的写作思路，最终归纳出主旨大意。高考阅读理解中，对该关键能力的考查主要有以下三种：归纳段落大意、理解全文主旨和选定最佳标题。
设题类型&命题方式
1. 段落大意题：段落大意题主要考查考生对段落核心信息的理解，要求考生在理解段落内容的基础上提炼出核心信息，然后对比选项，选出最契合段落主要内容的选项。
段落大意题常见设问形式：
What is the first/second/...paragraph mainly about
What does paragraph. .. mainly talk about
What does the writer try to express in paragraph...
2. 文章大意题： 文章大意题主要考查考生对一篇文章的整体理解,要求考生具备在速读中准确掌握全文主旨的能力。考生需要在理解全文内容的基础上,通过归纳概括、推理判断等逻辑思维活动,概括出全文主旨大意。文章大意额常见设问形式:What is the text mainly about What's the main idea of the text What is mainly talked about in the text
3. 标题归纳题：标题是文章中心思想的精练表达。标题归纳题主要考查考生把握文章主旨,理解文章中心思想的能力，要求考生在理解文章的基础上运用判断、归纳、概括等方法,对文章的主题进行提炼或高度概括,最终准确地选出文章的标题。标题归纳题常见设问形式:Which is the most suitable title for the text What can be a suit-able title for the text Which of the following would be the best title for the passage Which of the following can serve as the best title for the passage
解题思路
1： 段落大意题解题思路
首先，逐句分析内容。通读段落中的每一句话，准确理解其字面意思，并用简短的关键词概括每句的核心内容。
其次，串联逻辑关系。分析句子之间的逻辑衔接，如并列、转折、因果或例证关系。特别注意区分观点句、论证句和例证句，这有助于识别信息的主次。
接着，提炼核心主旨。将各句的关键内容进行整合，合并表达相同或相似概念的要点。在此过程中，需要去掉次要的细节信息、具体的数据或补充说明的例子，保留并突出段落最核心的论述焦点。
最后，比对选项确定答案。将提炼出的核心主旨与题目选项进行仔细比对。排除那些只涉及段落局部细节、过于宽泛或与段落内容明显不符的选项，选择最能全面、准确概括整段核心思想的答案。
2. 文章大意题解题思路
第一步：分析各段落大意
这是解题的基石。首先，逐段阅读文章，重点捕捉每一段的中心思想。关键在于定位段落的主题句。主题句通常出现在段首句或段尾句，这些位置常常是作者提出观点或总结结论的地方。同时，要特别关注转折词（如but, however）后面的句子以及设问句的答语，这些部分往往承载了段落的真实意图。此外，一些表示总结或结论的信号词（如therefore, thus, in conclusion）引出的句子也至关重要。通过这一步，将一篇长文章分解为几个核心的段落大意。
第二步：提炼文章主旨
在厘清各段落核心意思的基础上，进入整合阶段。首先，留意在全文反复出现的高频词和核心词，这通常是文章讨论的核心话题。接着，串联各段落大意，审视它们之间的逻辑关系——是并列阐述不同方面，是递进深入，还是对比论证？在此基础上，合并相同或相似的内容，将它们归类为文章主旨的几个核心维度。同时，要果断地去掉次要内容，如具体的例子、详细的数据或补充说明，确保焦点集中在主干思想上。
第三步：对比分析选项，确定答案
将你通过以上步骤提炼出的文章主旨与题目选项进行仔细比对。排除那些只涉及文章局部细节、某一段落内容的选项，以及那些范围过于宽泛或与文章核心思想不符的选项。最终选择的答案，必须能够全面、准确地涵盖全文的核心论点，而非只是部分内容的重述。
3. 标题归纳题解题思路
第一步：分析段落，提炼文章主旨
这是解答所有主旨大意题的基础，标题题也不例外。标题必须是全文核心思想最集中的体现
1. 定位主题句：逐段阅读，重点分析每一段的段首句和段尾句，这些位置通常是观点或结论所在。同时，务必关注转折词（如but, however）之后的句子以及疑问句的答语，这些部分往往揭示了作者的真正意图。由总结性信号词（如therefore, in conclusion）引出的句子也至关重要。
2. 捕捉高频词与核心词：留意在全文反复出现的词汇或概念，它们是文章讨论的中心话题，常常会成为标题的关键词。
3. 串联与提炼：在概括各段大意后，将它们串联起来，找出其内在逻辑关系。合并相同或相似内容，并果断去掉次要的细节和例子，从而凝练出全文唯一且核心的论点或说明对象。
第二步：把握正确标题的核心特征
一个最佳标题，其选项通常具备以下特点：
概括精准：标题必须准确地覆盖全文的核心内容，范围既不能太宽也不能太窄。
统领全文：标题所表述的内容应能统领全文各个段落，是所有段落共同服务的主旨。
醒目新颖：在准确的基础上，好的标题应具备一定的吸引力和概括性，能够引起读者兴趣。
第三步：对比分析选项，排除干扰
将你提炼出的文章主旨与各个选项进行严谨比对。此时，要重点识别和排除干扰项：
以偏概全：选项只对应文章某个段落或细节，无法代表整体。
概括过度：选项范围过大，超出了文章实际讨论的范畴。
无中生有：选项涉及了文章中未曾提及的信息或观点。
考向01 段落大意题
【例1-1】(2026届云南省云南民大附中高三第三次联考模拟预测英语试题节选)
Researchers have created a new nanogenerator that collects and turns the energy from everyday movements into electricity. It uses materials that become electrically charged when in contact. Think of how rubbing a balloon on someone’s hair makes it stick to each other because of static electricity (静电). Instead of one electrode (电极) passing energy by itself, the new device has a relay of workers who shift mechanical energy, like running, into electricity. Each electrode collects a charge and then passes it on to the next electrode. The accumulating charge creates more energy in a process known as the charge regeneration effect.
1. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A．How the nanogenerator works.
B．Why the device needs electrodes.
C．When static electricity works in balloons.
D．What the charge regeneration effect is.
【答案】A
【详解】主旨大意题，根据第四段内容，尤其是“Instead of one electrode (电极) passing energy by itself, the new device has are lay of workers who shift mechanical energy, like running, into electricity. Each electrode collects a charge and then passes it on to the next electrode. The accumulating charge creates more energy in a process known as the charge regeneration effect(新的设备不是由一个电极单独传递能量，而是由一系列接力工作的电极将跑步等机械能转化为电能。每个电极收集电荷，然后将其传递给下一个电极。累积的电荷在一个被称为电荷再生效应的过程中产生更多的能量。”可知，第四段主要介绍了纳米发电机的工作原理。故选A。
【例1-2】（2026届浙江省宁波市海曙区等5地高三一模英语试题节选）
The real issue, however, goes deeper than misinformation. It points to a fundamental problem in urban innovation: the difficulty of imagining a life less dependent on the private car. For decades, the car has symbolized personal freedom and status. Any policy that seems to reduce car use, even if it aims to enhance overall quality of life, can make people feel emotionally upset. This reflects what transport experts call “car dependency”, a cultural and deep-rooted habit that is hard to break.
1. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A．The challenge of a less car-centered life.
B．The significance of private cars.
C．The public’s reactions to a new policy.
D．The definition of car dependency.
【答案】A
【详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段 “The real issue, however, goes deeper than misinformation. It points to a fundamental problem in urban innovation: the difficulty of imagining a life less dependent on the private car. For decades, the car has symbolized personal freedom and status. Any policy that seems to reduce car use, even if it aims to enhance overall quality of life, can make people feel emotionally upset. This reflects what transport experts call “car dependency”, a cultural and deep-rooted habit that is hard to break.”.(然而，真正的问题远不止是信息传播不准确这么简单。它揭示了城市创新中一个根本性的难题:难以想象一种不再过度依赖私家车的生活方式。数十年来，汽车一直象征着个人自由和地位。任何看似减少汽车使用量的政策，即便其目的是提升整体生活质量，也会让人们产生情绪上的不适。这反映了交通专家所说的“对汽车的依赖”，这是一种根深蒂固的文化习惯，很难改变)”可知，本段主要讲了一种少依赖汽车的生活方式所带来的挑战。故选A。
【变式1-1】(江苏省扬州大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期阶段检测节选)
When I was growing up, my mom often said that no matter what grades I got in school as long as I did my best, she’d be proud of me. Then she added, “But if you didn’t get an A, I’ll know you didn’t do your best.” She said it with a smile, but I took it seriously. I shouldn’t settle for anything less than perfect. My greatest weakness is that I’m too much of a perfectionist.
Perfectionism is the desire to be 100% perfect. The goal is zero faults and no failures. In an increasingly competitive world, kids face growing pressure from parents to be perfect and severe criticism when they fall short. Every fault is a blow to their self-esteem (自尊). I’ve lived it myself.
1. What is paragraph 1 mainly about
A．The disadvantage of being a perfectionist.
B．Why the author became a perfectionist.
C．How the author got the good grades in school.
D．The feeling of being grateful to the author’s mother.
【变式1-2】(山东省名校考试联盟2025-2026学年高三上学期期中检测英语试题试卷)
Ever wondered how social media platforms decide how to fill our feeds They use algorithms (算法), of course, but how do these algorithms work In 2021, Frances Haugen, a Facebook product manager secretly took ten thousand pages of documents and internal messages out of Facebook headquarters. She leaked these to a handful of media outlets. A lot of stories soon ran, largely focusing on the most alarming, attention-grabbing secrets.
It turns out that Facebook engineers have assigned a point value to each type of engagement users can perform on a post (liking, commenting, resharing, etc.). Facebook’s algorithm calculates a personalized score for each post to determine its place in the feed. This score is got by multiplying the probability you’ll perform each engagement — likes, loves, etc. — by its pre-assigned point value, then summing these products. Posts are then ranked from highest to lowest score, creating your tailored feed. Then the magic formula is: Score=Vlike×Plike+Vlove×Plove+Vangry×Pangry+Vcomment×Pcomment+Vshare×Pshare.
1. What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Why Facebook designed a formula.
B．How Facebook determines our feeds.
C．How the formula was created carefully.
D．Why users have to be cautious about posts.
考向02 文章大意题
【例2-1】（江苏省泰州市靖江市2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题节选）
Chinese Nobel Prize-winning physicist Zhen Ning Yang, one of the most influential scientists in modern physics, passed away in Beijing on October 18 due to illness at the age of 103.
Born in 1922, Yang was brought up surrounded by the Tsinghua campus, where his father was a math professor. After finishing his undergraduate degree, he obtained his master’s degree from Tsinghua. He enrolled in the University of Chicago in the United States to pursue a doctorate in 1946 and was strongly influenced by Italian-American physicist Enrico Fermi, who had won the same Nobel Prize in 1938. He later became a professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.
Yang won the Nobel Prize in 1957 with Tsung-Dao Lee for their investigation of the so-called parity laws that led to “important discoveries regarding the elementary particles,” according to the Nobel Prize website. They were the first Chinese-born Nobel Prize winners in physics.
Professor Yang was deeply devoted to his homeland, making remarkable contributions to China’s scientific and educational developments. His visit to China in 1971 led to a wave of visits by overseas scholars, earning him recognition as the pioneer in building the bridge of academic exchange between China and the United States. He later proposed the restoration and strengthening of basic scientific research to China’s central leadership. He also raised funds to establish the “Committee on Educational Exchange with China”, which has continuously sponsored nearly 100Chinese scholars for advanced studies in the United States. These scholars later became the backbone of China’ s scientific and technological development. He undertook extensive work to promote China’s scientific and technological exchange and progress, offering advice and exercising significant influence on major Chinese scientific projects and the formulation (制定) of science and education policies.
………..
1. What is the article mainly about
A．Yang’s lifelong contributions to China.
B．Yang’s research on elementary particles.
C．Yang’s influence on global science policy.
D．Yang’s educational background in America.
【答案】A
【详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第四段中心句“Professor Yang was deeply devoted to his homeland, making remarkable contributions to China’s scientific and educational developments.”(杨教授对祖国深怀热爱，为中国的科学和教育事业作出了卓越的贡献。)”和第五段中心句“After returning to Tsinghua University in1999,he took on developing the Institute for Advanced Study as his new mission.(1999年回到清华大学后，他把发展高等研究院作为自己的新使命。)”可知，文章重点展现杨振宁教授毕生对祖国的奉献。故选A。
【例2-2】（湖南省多校联考2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题）
In 1911, US explorer and academic Hiram Bingham arrived in South America for what would become his greatest achievement: exploring the remote hinterland west of Cusco, the old Inca capital in Peru’s Andes. His goal was to find the remains of Vitcos, the last Inca capital.
………….
In his book, he described the ascent (登高) vividly: he noted the constant risk of deadly snakes(though he saw none), but that unease faded quickly as he felt growing excitement — first at finding terraces, a mausoleum, monumental staircases, and finally Machu Picchu’s grand ceremonial buildings. “It seemed like an unbelievable dream, one so vivid and so overwhelming that I forgot to breathe, and the sight held me enthralled, rooted to the spot, unable to tear my eyes away,” he wrote. We should remember, however, that Lost City of the Incas is a work of sight, not written until1948, many years after his journey.
1. What does the text mainly talk about
A．The historical background of the Inca empire
B．The Urubamba valley’s geographical features
C．Bingham’s discovery of the Machu Picchu ruins
D．A comparison of Bingham’s team and earlier travelers
【答案】C
【详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“In 1911, US explorer and academic Hiram Bingham arrived in South America for what would become his greatest achievement: exploring the remote hinterland west of Cusco, the old Inca capital in Peru’s Andes. His goal was to find the remains of Vitcos, the last Inca capital.”(1911年，美国探险家兼学者Hiram Bingham抵达南美洲，此行成就了他最为辉煌的事业:探索库斯科以西那片偏远的内陆地区，那里是秘鲁安第斯山脉中的古印加帝国的旧都。他的目标是寻找维托克斯的遗迹，那是古印加帝国的最后一个都城)”结合文章主要说明了1911年美国探险家Bingham赴南美寻找印加古城遗址，借新小路前行，意外登山发现马丘比丘，多年后在书中生动描述了当时的震撼场景。可知，文章主要讲了Bingham对马丘比丘遗址的发现。故选C。
【变式2-1】(2025届河北省名校联考高三下学期第二次模拟考试英语试题节选)
Big changes can come in tiny details. A publisher has discovered that changing the design and font (字体) in books saves millions of pages and thousands of trees. The design team at Harper Collins examined how they could make their books environmentally friendly while preserving readability.
It all started in 2015 when Zondervan, their division, explored ways to save pages when printing a classic book. The classic is a huge book, consisting of 2,500 pages. To save pages, the division developed a new typeface called NIV Comfort Print that is compact (紧凑) and comfortable to read. The use of Zondervan’s compact font reduced the classic’s length by 350 pages and saved 100 million pages of paper. If these pages were stacked up (堆积), this would be the size of four Empire State Buildings.
Harper Collins wanted to apply this solution to their fiction and non-fiction books. After they asked designers to come up with ideas, the designers created 50 versions of a 600-page book by using easy-to-read fonts and redesigned pages where there was less white space.
…
Questioning how we do things to make them more sustainable applies to all, especially those who work at an office with a printer. Be it at home, at school or at work, sustainable solutions can go a long way. And one need not be a publisher to adopt these changes.
1. What is the text mainly about
A．Eco-friendly ways to store books.
B．Resource-saving publishing changes.
C．A creative and cooperative publisher.
D．An innovative solution to deforestation.
【变式2-2】(浙江省宁波市鄞州中学2025学年高三考前适应性考试英语科试卷)
CPR and basic first aid care are skills that millions acquire. Now this same type of training is available for mental health. Sigma Theta Alpha (STA), a professional health organization at UConn (University of Connecticut), has taken the lead to bring the program to campus, ensuring each student can benefit from it.
Mental Health First Aid training is a national initiative that is performed locally by Mental Health Connecticut, a statewide non-profit organization. The group has come to UConn three times for training. “We introduce information on mental illness with the basic facts. We don’t teach how to diagnose — we do the opposite. Labeling and jumping to conclusions based on symptoms and behaviors are harmful and dangerous, because that is for professionals,” says Valerie Cooper, a community educator for the organization.
Like CPR, Mental Health First Aid is a universal experience taught the same way everywhere. The program is split into classroom-style work, watching videos, and simulation of real-life issues. The action plan taught works under the acronym of ALGEE — Assess for risk of harm, Listen non-judgmentally, Give reassurance and information, Encourage appropriate professional help, and Encourage self-help and other support strategies. “Being a mental health first aider is to listen non-judgmentally and create a space of trust,” says Cooper. “We teach people that listening will be more important than anything they say.”
UConn nursing major Lisa Iwanicki, 18, is a member of Sigma Theta Alpha. Iwanicki says she got a lot out of the simulation activities. “It was cool to be in a room with people who wanted to help make a change. It was not just about learning the signs of mental illness, but what someone can do in the community to help,” says Iwanicki. “Recovery is possible. The most important thing is to keep people hopeful. You have to try and try.”
1. What is the passage mainly about
A．A student care project at UConn.
B．Development of CPR skills.
C．A professional health organization.
D．Campus activities of UConn.
考向03 标题归纳题
【例3-1】（浙南名校联盟2025-2026学年高三上学期十月联考英语试题）
Picture this, you win two tickets to a sold-out concert and eagerly text to ask your friends if they’d like to join. There comes their response “Maybe.” Your mood immediately turns, for you need to wait for their decisions before you can figure out your plans for the concert.
If you’ve experienced anything like the above anecdote, you’re not alone. People responding “maybe” to invitations is a common yet annoying aspect of social life. What goes on in people’s heads when they aren’t sure whether to accept an invitation Social invitations can be a delicate dance. People often misread what someone extending an invitation wants to hear and overestimate an inviter’s likelihood of preferring a “maybe” over a “no.” Moreover, they fail to realize how much more disrespected people feel when they receive a “maybe” in response to their invitation.
Naturally, we wanted to figure out why this awkward dynamic plays out. We found that it’s largely due to something called “motivated reasoning.” Motivated reasoning occurs when a person interprets information in a biased (有偏差的) way to suit their own wishes. In other words, invitees convince themselves that inviters want to hear “maybe” instead of “no” because a “maybe” is better for the invitees, allowing them to leave their options open. Besides, people tend to overestimate the negative consequences of saying “no” to invitations, thinking it will upset, anger and disappoint inviters.
However, there were certain situations that made people more comfortable saying “no” to an invitation. When recipients of an invitation put themselves in the shoes of the person extending the invitation, they are more likely to realize that they’d probably prefer a definite answer. When the participants get invited to do something they didn’t want to do, they had no desire to keep their options open. The motivated reasoning then became irrelevant.
While navigating social situations can be tricky, being direct and definite is sometimes best. It might reduce your options. But it’ll keep those who invite you from being left uncertain and maybe they’ll still think of you when the next concert comes to town.
1. What is the best title for the passage
A．The Psychology behind “Maybe”
B．The Hidden Consequence of “Maybe”
C．“Maybe”: A Polite Escape from Conflict
D．“Maybe”: A Perfect Solution to Invitations
【答案】A
【详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章开头以音乐会铁事引出人们对邀请回复"Maybe”的现象，接着在第三段分析了这一现象背后"动机性推理”的心理原因，第四段介绍了人们更愿意说“不”的特定情况，最后给出直接回应的建议。全文围绕“Maybe”背后的心理机制展开，因此A项”'Maybe’背后的心理学”概括了文章主题，最适合作为文章标题。故选A项。
【例3-2】（江苏省扬州大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期第一次月考英语试题）
I’ve always loved books. When I was a child, I would bring them everywhere-to the dinner table and to class. I became a reader in the absence of digital audiobooks (音频书).
Nevertheless, with the rise of smartphones, audiobooks have exploded in popularity, and as with any new interest, new criticisms have risen in response. I’ll admit I used to think that audiobooks “didn’t count” because you could listen to them passively, and I got annoyed with people who said they had read this or that number of books when their lists included, or were perhaps entirely made up of audiobooks. But I’ve come around since then, both on a personal and on a social level.
I do still think reading a book and listening to an audiobook are different. They use different areas of the brain; they’re allowed in different contexts. But I have grown to love audiobooks for the distinct advantages they offer — for example, some have voice actors do distinctive voices for different characters, or actually put melody to songs that only have lyrics in the written text.
The line of thinking that would let us believe that audiobooks “don’t count” as reading prevents people from reading. If someone struggles with print books, and they find out that audiobooks are the best way for them to engage, they will listen to more books. If we want to build a world of readers, we have to support reading in any form.
If any readers have read the book Fangirl by Rainbow Rowell, they know one main character struggles with reading. He doesn’t have trouble reading. He just can’t focus on text. In order to survive college, he records lectures, meets up with other students to discuss the topic, and comes up with other coping mechanisms. Engage with books however you want: buy them, get them from the library, download them online. It doesn’t matter. Don’t we have better uses for our time than to criticize how other people take in information
1. Which of the following is probably the best title for the text
A．Why Print Books Decline in the Digital Age
B．Audiobooks: A Threat to Traditional Literacy
C．Reading Redefined: Why All Formats Matter
D．How Technology Transforms Reading Habits
【答案】C
【详解】【小题4】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段“If someone struggles with print books, and they find out that audiobooks are the best way for them to engage, they will listen to more books. If we want to build a world of readers, we have to support reading in any form.”(如果有人在阅读纸质书时感到困难，而发现有声书是他们进行阅读的最佳方式，那么他们就会去听更多的书。如果我们想要打造个爱读书的世界，就必须支持任何形式的阅读)”可知，本文主要探讨了有声书与纸质书阅读的关系，并呼吁人们以开放态度支持各种阅读形式，因此最好的题目是C选项“Reading Redefined: Why Al Formats Matter (阅读新解:为何所有形式都至关重要 )”，故选C
【变式3-1】(江苏省盐城市五校联考2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题)
Scientists in Australia thought they had developed a new tracking device to help them monitor magpies (喜鹊), but these birds had other ideas.
Australian magpies are medium-sized black and white birds from the same bird “family” as crows and bluejays. They are known to be quite clever. They live in groups of up to 12 birds and work together to defend the area they live in.
The purpose of the scientists’ experiment was to learn more about how far they travel each day and how their social behaviors are influenced by sex, age, and rank. Besides, the scientists were eager to test the newly developed tracking device.
Most trackers are too big to fit on small and medium sized birds, and small trackers tend to be limited when it comes to data storage, battery life, and reusability. The new tracker, weighing less than 1 gram, was designed to overcome these problems. Attached to a backpack-like harness (背带) which could not be removed easily, the device can re-charge wirelessly and transmit (传输) data wirelessly.
The scientists placed trackers on five magpies using their special harnesses. Things started to fall apart almost immediately. Within 10 minutes of fitting the final tracker, an adult female without a tracker tried to remove the harness from a younger bird and eventually succeeded. This pattern was repeated in the following hours, and by the third day none of the birds had trackers anymore.
Scientists refer to this as “rescue behavior,” and it happens when a helper tries to free another individual in trouble and with no obvious direct benefit to the rescuing individual. They think this is the first time rescue behavior has been reported for Australian magpies. However, they aren’t sure if the same individual removed all of the harnesses or if others offered help.
The team didn’t get the data they wanted, but their experiment still produced interesting results. That’s how science works sometimes. The scientists need to try, again to figure out a good way to track these clever birds.
1. Which can be the best title for the text
A．Magpies Teach Scientists an Unexpected Lesson
B．Climate Change Makes Magpies More Difficult
C．The Trackers Help Magpies Get Used to Nature
D．Magpies Are Adjusting to the Trackers on Their Bodies
【变式3-2】(山东师范大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月阶段测试英语试题)
Do you ever find yourself randomly thinking back to the times we wandered, collecting wildflowers and smiling beneath the sky That feeling is often referred to as nostalgia (怀旧).
Psychologists have defined nostalgia as a self-conscious, social emotion, bittersweet but dominantly positive. It comes from our happy memories and our desire to go back to the past and reconnect with the people we cared about. Often, nostalgia involves sensory stimuli. On some occasions, the smell of autumn leaves might generate a fierce longing for your childhood home. Almost everyone can experience nostalgia, although its object tends to vary throughout life. One survey conducted by the psychologist Krystine Irene Batcho found that younger people felt more nostalgia for pets, toys, and holidays than did older people, who felt it more strongly for music.
In contrast to its links to negative emotions, nostalgia doesn’t make us sadder. Rather, nostalgia is a defensive response to unhappiness, one that brings relief from a negative mood. Research from 2006 shows that nostalgia can actually strengthen social ties, improve self-esteem, and uplift our mood. Other studies suggest that it can also enhance our view of life’s meaning, reduce fear of death, boost spirituality, and increase optimism.
Scholars remain uncertain about the precise mechanism behind the effectiveness of nostalgia; however, some suggest that reflecting on joyful memories strengthens our sense of self-worth and belonging, particularly during times of loneliness or self-doubt. Its power lets the happiness of the past overcome the current unpleasantness, offering a bit of escape from tough times. To form stronger connections, we can establish traditions around shared past experiences in families, friend groups, and workplaces. Observing special occasions like childhood sports or post-college meetups can give us something to look forward to.
Perhaps because it is so powerful and complex, nostalgia has received magical treatment from poets and writers. “The past is hidden somewhere outside the realm (领域), beyond the reach of intellect,” Marcel Proust wrote.
1. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Nostalgia: Why We Should Avoid Reflecting on the Past
B．Nostalgia: A Shelter Against the Unhappiness of Our Life
C．A Nostalgia Warning: Our Mental Health Being Attacked
D．Power of Nostalgia: Struggling for an Irreplaceable Present
专题01 高考真题练
A
(浙江首考2025年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题)
A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.
The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds.
Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads.
It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth.
The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular pared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.
1．What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean
A．Running out of. B．Keeping away from.
C．Putting up with. D．Taking advantage of.
2．Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced
A．To control weeds in large gardens. B．To bring in foreign species of plants.
C．To conserve soil and water resources. D．To develop low-maintenance parkland.
3．Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf’s gardens
A．Traditional. B．Odd-looking.
C．Tasteful. D．Well-protected.
4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A．The future of gardening is WILD． B．Nature treats all lives as EQUALS.
C．Matrix gardens need more CARE. D．Old garden plots work WONDERS.
B
(2025年全国高考一卷英语真题)
While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead.
Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Br mmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives.
Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world.
We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door.
1．What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1
A．Cars often get stuck on the road. B．Traffic accidents occur frequently.
C．People walk less and drive more. D．Pedestrians fail to follow the rules.
2．What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do
A．Keep their cities livable. B．Promote cultural diversity.
C．Help the needy families. D．Make expressways accessible.
3．What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s
A．They boosted the sales of cars. B．They turned out largely ineffective.
C．They won government support. D．They advocated building new parks.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Why the Rush B．What’s Next
C．Where to Stay D．Who to Blame
C
(2025年全国高考二卷英语真题)
Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food Mine does. Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time.
Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. From technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we’re already growing. But last month, one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away.
For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.
A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion.
It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine.
Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything.
1．What can be inferred about the author’s early life
A．He witnessed food shortage. B．He enjoyed the local cuisine.
C．He donated food to Africans. D．He helped to cook at home.
2．Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment
A．To customize dishes for guests. B．To make the public aware of food waste.
C．To test a food processing method. D．To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems.
3．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Why the ingredients were used. B．Which dishes were best liked.
C．What the dishes were made of. D．Where the ingredients were bought.
4．What can we learn about wastED
A．It has ended as planned. B．It is creating new jobs.
C．It has regained popularity. D．It is criticized by top chefs.
专题02 优秀模拟题
A
(25-26高三上·辽宁沈阳东北育才学校等校·)
In the early 1960s, Andy Warhol began experimenting with his signature silkscreen technique, which he used to make artistic statements about mass production — including his famous works describing Coca-Cola bottles. “A Coke is a Coke,” he once said. “and no amount of money can get you a better Coke than the one the beggar on the corner is drinking.”
Now, more than 60 years later, Coca-Cola is capitalizing on the artist’s statements. A new global ad campaign, titled “Masterpiece,” features Warhol’s 1962 Coca-Cola, alongside paintings from other masters. Contemporary artists like Stefania Tejada and WonderBuhle are also included.
The two-minute film opens in an art museum, where a group of students are drawing under the watchful eye of their teacher — all except one young man, about to fall asleep, the page of his drawing book completely blank. But then the paintings come to life. A hand from Aket’s Divine Idyll (2022) shoots out from its frame, pulling the Coke bottle from Warhol’s painting, which hangs on a nearby wall. So begins the bottle’s journey through the major works of the museum hall, as characters from paintings new and old throw the drink between them. The final masterpiece we see, which ultimately delivers the ice-cold Coke to the student, is Johannes Vermeer’s Girl With A Pearl Earring (1665). She opens the bottle and hands it over, just before the art student’s professor wanders over to see his now-complete assignment.
The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts is on board with the new campaign. “These pieces, paired with works by emerging artists from around the globe, celebrate the inspirational power of visual art through the magical lens (镜头) of Coca-Cola.” says Michael Dayton, the foundation’s director of licensing, marketing and sales.
In recent years, using famous artworks in advertising has become a popular strategy. But some artists have a different opinion on these campaigns. In November, the British street artist Banksy called out the clothing brand Guess for “helping themselves” to his artwork for a new collection without his permission. Meanwhile, American artist Keith Haring’s work has been popping up seemingly everywhere, from Adidas sneakers to a Pandora jewelry campaign.
1． What can we infer from Andy Warhol’s statement “A Coke is a Coke”
A．Coca-Cola is the best drink in the world.
B．The value of a Coke lies in itself, not in its consumer.
C．Rich people can never get the same Coke as the Beggars’.
D．Money can buy everything except a better Coke.
2． What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．A detailed description of Coca-Cola’s ad.
B．The influence of Coca-Cola on art creation.
C．Artworks that contribute to Coca-Cola’s ad.
D．An introduction to Warhol’s 1962 Coca-Cola.
3． What is Michael Dayton’s attitude to Coca-Cola’s ad
A．Critical. B．Doubtful. C．Favorable. D．Dismissive.
4． What is the best title for the passage
A．Andy Warhol’s Famous Coca-Cola Artworks
B．The Evolution of Coca-Cola’s Advertising Strategies
C．Coca-Cola’s “Masterpiece” Campaign: Art Meets Marketing
D．Controversies Surrounding Art Usage in Commercial Ads
B
(25-26高三上·江苏镇江一中、镇江中学、南京部分学校·月考)
Usain Bolt burned about 10kcal of energy to win his gold during the 200 metre spring final at the Olympic Games, which could roughly power an old 60W light bulb for 11 minutes. If you could make use of all the power generated by all the athletes during the Games, you would still be nowhere close to reaching the 29.5 billion Watts consumed overall by the athletes, spectators and organizers over the event. We take sport for granted, but do we ever consider its cost to the planet
From the water required to maintain the golf course during The Masters tournament to the hundreds of flights it takes to bring football fans to a World Cup, major sports events are not helping much in the fight against global heating. What’s more, there is a lack of recognition within sport of its responsibilities and little discussion about possible solutions.
This is strange, given that the effect works both ways: the climate crisis is not just affected by sports, but it is already having a negative impact on many sports. When ice-climber Will Gadd set out to conquer the world’s glaciers, he didn’t realize it would become a race against climate change. “I thought glaciers are there forever.” When he arrived at the summit, Gadd was shocked: “The ice…wasn’t there. The things I planned to climb were gone.”
Global heating is noticeable in other sports. Amy Steel played professional netball until she suffered from heatstroke after playing in 39℃ conditions and unfortunately, the damage was permanent. Not only that, but extreme weather events made more frequent as a result of global heating mean sporting events are more often delayed or canceled. This has cost sport billions in potential earnings.
Yet sport can be a powerful motivator: it can unite whole nations behind its teams. Could sport have a role to play in driving climate awareness Will Gadd and Amy Steel are among many athletes who think so One thing is certain. Sport must put climate change at the top of its agenda and decarbonize at a Usain Bolt-like pace to make a difference.
1． What is the main focus of the first paragraph
A．Why do sports events consume energy
B．How much power do athletes generate
C．What is the energy impact of sports events
D．How did Bolt contribute to the environment
2． Why does the writer use Will Gadd and Amy Steel as examples
A．They initiated eco-friendly sports practices.
B．They sustained permanent injuries in sports.
C．They fell victim to climate-related incidents.
D．They achieved record-breaking performances.
3． What effect of global heating on sports is mentioned in the text
A．Stricter facility restrictions. B．Substantial financial losses.
C．Higher athlete training standards. D．Prolonged outdoor sports seasons.
4． What can be a suitable title for the text .
A．Sports in the Climate Crisis
B．Athletes against Global Heating
C．The Impact of Climate Change on Sport
D．The Environmental Cost of Outdoor Sports
C
(25-26高三上·福建龙岩永定第一中学·月考)
People today are much cleverer than they were in previous generations. A study of 72 countries found that average IQs rose by 2.2 points per decade between 1948 and 2020. This stunning change is known as the Flynn Effect after James Flynn, the scientist who first noticed it. Flynn was initially confused by his discovery. It took millions of years for the brain to evolve. How could it improve so rapidly over just a few decades
The answer is largely that people were becoming better nourished and mentally stimulated. Just as muscles need food and exercise to grow strong, the brain also needs the right nutrients and activity to develop. Kids today are much less likely to be malnourished (营养不良的) than they were in past decades, and more likely to go to school. Yet there is no room for satisfaction. In poor and middle-income countries, many children are still too ill-fed to reach the cognitive potential.
The world grows enough food, but several obstacles stop nutrients getting into young brains. One is war. Families sheltering around cannot risk out to plant or harvest, and some governments intentionally starve certain regions into submission. Another is disease. Hungry children fall sick more often, and the energy they spend battling bugs cannot be devoted to growing brains. Poverty is also a big part of the problem. But global data from UNICEF, an aid agency, show that although half the children with very restricted diets (including no more than two food groups) are indeed from poor families, the other half are not. Other factors, such as poor eating habits, are to blame as well. Research about how to overcome the obstacles is needed.
Some argue that human intelligence will matter less as people entrust (委托) their thinking to artificial intelligence. To assume this would be as foolish as betting 100 years ago that the invention of the car would make it unnecessary to walk. In the workplace, human intelligence and AI will probably assist each other. And brains are for the joy of thinking, as well as earning money. Steven Pinker of Harvard University calls human intelligence “a tailwind in life”, helping people adapt rationally to new challenges or a changing environment. For a modest price, the next generation can have a stronger tailwind. It would not only be wrong to refuse them the tailwind. It would be stupid.
1． What can we learn about the Flynn Effect
A．Average IQs have risen fast in the past decades.
B．Intelligence has been stable across generations.
C．People now are as intelligent as their ancestors.
D．Better education leads to improved physical health.
2． What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean
A．The Flynn Effect has reached its peak. B．Global problems continue despite IQ gains.
C．Society values human intelligence less. D．Malnutrition is merely a result of poverty.
3． What does the author think of artificial intelligence
A．Useless. B．Unique. C．Beneficial. D．Ineffective.
4． What is the best title for the passage
A．Stages of IQ Development B．Secrets to Rising IQs Worldwide
C．Insights Into Global IQ Trend D．Influence of the Flynn Effect
D
(25-26高三上·山东师范大学附属中学·月考)
Do you ever find yourself randomly thinking back to the times we wandered, collecting wildflowers and smiling beneath the sky That feeling is often referred to as nostalgia (怀旧).
Psychologists have defined nostalgia as a self-conscious, social emotion, bittersweet but dominantly positive. It comes from our happy memories and our desire to go back to the past and reconnect with the people we cared about. Often, nostalgia involves sensory stimuli. On some occasions, the smell of autumn leaves might generate a fierce longing for your childhood home. Almost everyone can experience nostalgia, although its object tends to vary throughout life. One survey conducted by the psychologist Krystine Irene Batcho found that younger people felt more nostalgia for pets, toys, and holidays than did older people, who felt it more strongly for music.
In contrast to its links to negative emotions, nostalgia doesn’t make us sadder. Rather, nostalgia is a defensive response to unhappiness, one that brings relief from a negative mood. Research from 2006 shows that nostalgia can actually strengthen social ties, improve self-esteem, and uplift our mood. Other studies suggest that it can also enhance our view of life’s meaning, reduce fear of death, boost spirituality, and increase optimism.
Scholars remain uncertain about the precise mechanism behind the effectiveness of nostalgia; however, some suggest that reflecting on joyful memories strengthens our sense of self-worth and belonging, particularly during times of loneliness or self-doubt. Its power lets the happiness of the past overcome the current unpleasantness, offering a bit of escape from tough times. To form stronger connections, we can establish traditions around shared past experiences in families, friend groups, and workplaces. Observing special occasions like childhood sports or post-college meetups can give us something to look forward to.
Perhaps because it is so powerful and complex, nostalgia has received magical treatment from poets and writers. “The past is hidden somewhere outside the realm (领域), beyond the reach of intellect,” Marcel Proust wrote.
1． Why does the author mention “autumn leaves” in the second paragraph
A．To illustrate the complexity of nostalgia.
B．To emphasize the joyful nature of nostalgia.
C．To clarify nostalgia’s connection to our senses.
D．To stress individual variety of experiencing nostalgia.
2． What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The mismatch between two findings.
B．The potential benefits of nostalgia.
C．The impact of nostalgia on personal mood.
D．The mechanisms behind nostalgia’s effects.
3． What does the author suggest us do in paragraph 4
A．Create shared traditions for bonding and joy.
B．Record the social gatherings regularly.
C．Recognize the unnecessary social gatherings.
D．Say no to the concept of escapism.
4． Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Nostalgia: Why We Should Avoid Reflecting on the Past
B．Nostalgia: A Shelter Against the Unhappiness of Our Life
C．A Nostalgia Warning: Our Mental Health Being Attacked
D．Power of Nostalgia: Struggling for an Irreplaceable Present
E
（2025届山东省实验中学高三第二次模拟考试英语试题）
For something designed to streamline communication, corporate jargon (行话) often does the opposite—leaving many employees confused and excluded.
A survey of more than 8,000 working professionals across eight countries found that 58 percent feel their fellow employees overuse jargon. If given the opportunity, nearly half of them would remove its usage since interpreting their meanings “causes stress and slows down productivity”.
Yet, we keep using it. Then why does it continue to exist
“Language isn’t just about sharing information. It’s social,” said Daria Bahtina, a lecturer from the University of California Los Angeles. “When we speak, we’re performing relationships, identities, and positions,” she explained. This isn’t limited to managers or corporate departments. Bahtina noted specialized language pops up wherever people gather, for example, in a team of software engineers, or even a neighborhood book club after their third bottle of wine.
In addition, jargon is a means of exclusiveness. “Shared jargon can develop a sense of identity and community,” said Eric Anicich, associate professor at the USC’s Marshall School of Business. Anicich and his team conducted research that shows how office jargon is employed to draw invisible lines between insiders and outsiders. According to their findings, lower-status individuals are more likely to use jargon in evaluative situations—not to clarify their message but to signal intelligence and competence.
So, where do we go from here When asked about his position on jargon, Anicich replied, “Jargon is used as a tool—it’s not naturally good nor bad, so it depends on how and when you use it.”
In fact, jargon is integrated into everyday life in ways we barely notice. Bahtina mentions how fans of medical dramas who have never set foot in a hospital can still understand phrases like “code blue”. “This doesn’t mean that they can perform surgery; it shows how jargon can flow beyond its origin and become part of everyday speech,” she says.
Rather than going to extremes, experts agree that it’s best to question whether jargon is being used appropriately. If our vocabulary is building walls instead of bridges, it may be time to circle back—and rethink how we speak at work.
1．Why would employees stop using jargon if possible
A．They find it less helpful. B．They think it is used too often.
C．They prefer diverse expressions. D．They intend to expand its meanings.
2．Who is more likely to use jargon according to the text
A．A friend in the bar. B．An employer on vacation.
C．A customer over the phone. D．An applicant in an interview.
3．What is Eric Anicich’s attitude toward jargon
A．Appreciative. B．Unprejudiced. C．Disapproving. D．Indefinite.
4．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Jargon: hated but used B．Applying jargon, raising doubt
C．Jargon: a universal device D．Using jargon, building bridges
F
(2025届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学5月高考仿真模拟考试英语试卷)
A growing number of companies are building humanoid robots, and these mechanical look-alikes are starting to appear in car factories and delivery places. Some businesses even promise robots for home use. Yet one big question still has no answer: Why bother Why make a robot in a human shape when it could take any imaginable form
The usual answer is that humanoid robots could, in principle, handle any physical jobs a person can. But that “in principle” is doing a lot of heavy lifting. If you’ve watched videos of these robots, you’ll get it — they’re often clumsy, awkward machines. Sure, the technology helping them stand and move has come a long way, but they’re still not as quick or graceful as humans. Meanwhile, robots built for a single job — like an arm shifting goods between conveyor belts (传送带) — are now commonplace. Designed with one purpose, they do it really well, unlike humanoid robots, which aim to do everything but often master nothing.
Another argument is that a human shape makes it easier for people to work with or control robots. This holds some water, especially since many of these machines still need skilled human panies often avoid admitting this, calling it a short-term phase, but the dream of fully independent, AI-powered humanoid robots — ones that match or beat human workers — remains a long shot. For now, what we’ve got are human-shaped shells guided by people behind the scenes. When Elon Musk introduced Tesla’s Optimus robot in 2021, he proudly claimed it could teach, babysit, walk dogs, fetch groceries, or pour drinks. Yet those robots weren’t AI-driven, and each was controlled by a hidden human. Notice a pattern These tasks—low-wage, service-oriented jobs — suggest that, for now, humanoid robots just mask human effort with a shiny surface.
Some remote-controlled robots serve real purposes, like in deep-sea exploration. But those machines aren’t shaped like humans — they look like capsules or small vehicles, and they work just fine. The idea that robots must be human-shaped is a failure of imagination.
Yes, humanoid robots look impressive. They remind us of the fantasies in science fictions where machines handle all difficult tasks. But today, they are mostly marketing tools, masking human labor. And a robot that doesn’t truly improve life is missing the point.
1．What does the underlined phrase “holds some water” mean in paragraph 3
A．Provides sufficient evidence. B．Makes much sense.
C．Is partly reasonable. D．Is widely accepted.
2．Why does the author mention Tesla’s Optimus robot
A．To prove humanoid robots are better. B．To highlight its impressive technology.
C．To show it can replace human workers. D．To suggest it is in the charge of humans.
3．What is the author’s attitude toward humanoid robots
A．Skeptical. B．Optimistic. C．Neutral. D．Cautious.
4．What is the best title for the passage
A．When Humanoid Robots Miss Potential B．How Humanoid Robots Miss Goals
C．What Humanoid Robots Lack Now D．Why Humanoid Robots Fall Short
G
(2025届重庆市西南大学附属中学高三下学期阶段检测十英语试题)
Ariel Procaccia has thought a lot about how to cut a cake over the last 15 years. As the father of three children, he knows how hard it is to divide a birthday cake to everyone’s satisfaction. But it’s also because Procaccia’s work focuses on exploring the mathematical rules for dividing stuff up fairly.
For decades, researchers have been asking the seemingly simple question of how to cut a cake fairly. The answer reaches far beyond birthday parties. At its core, it’s a mathematical problem that reflects broader issues of fairness, and so draws interest from mathematicians, economists, and social scientists alike.
The simplest approach is called the “divider-chooser” method, where one person cuts the cake into two equal pieces in his view, and the other person picks first. Each receives a piece that they feel is as valuable as the other’s. But when personal preferences are taken into account, even the easiest rule becomes complicated. For example, Alice and Bob are to divide a cake, and Alice knows Bob prefers chocolate. She may knowingly divide the cake unequally so the smaller piece contains more chocolate. Then Bob will choose according to his preference, and Alice will get the larger piece. Both of them are satisfied with what they get, but the meaning of fairness changes in this situation.
The cake is a symbol for any divisible good. When cake-cutting principles are employed to settle disagreements, they are potentially helping the world find solutions. Procaccia has used fair division algorithms (算法) to model food distribution. Social scientist Haris Aziz is exploring situations ranging from how to divide up daily tasks to how to best schedule doctors’ shifts in hospitals.
Even after decades of investigation, cake-cutting isn’t like a simple jigsaw puzzle with a well-defined solution. Instead, over time, it has evolved into a kind of mathematical sandbox, a constructive playground that brings together abstract proofs and easy applications. The more researchers explore it, the more there is to explore.
1．Why is Procaccia interested in cake-cutting
A．Family duty and work focus. B．Cake art and professional quality.
C．Hobby drive and skill improvement. D．Status pursuit and economic benefits.
2．What can we learn about fairness from the example in paragraph 3
A．Its standard is stable. B．It prevents unequal division.
C．Its concept is complex. D．It dominates personal preferences.
3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about concerning cake-cutting
A．The problems it produces. B．The details of its process.
C．The application of its rules. D．The harmony it symbolizes.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Cutting Cakes and Making Friends B．The Math Behind Fair Cake-cutting
C．Why Kids Always Argue Over Cakes D．A Sweet Way to Solve Math Problems
H
（2026届四川省绵阳南山中学高三“零诊”模拟考试英语试题）
A study by the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC) identifies climate change as the key driver behind unprecedented short-term food price spikes, with cascading (连锁的) effects on inflation, health, and social stability. Published ahead of the UN Food Systems Summit in Ethiopia, it highlights how extreme weather linked to emissions disrupts crops, triggering rapid price surges in staples.
Analyzing 50 global cases, the research focuses on immediate impacts. In 2023-24, drought and extreme heat in cocoa giants Ghana and C te d’Ivoire pushed prices up 300%. India’s heatwave raised onion costs by 89%, while South Korea’s cabbage prices jumped 70% due to erratic (不稳定的) rainfall. Southern Spain’s olive oil prices rose 50% after prolonged drought.
Lead author Maximilian Kotz notes: “These shocks are historically unprecedented — temperatures far exceed pre-industrial norms.” Such volatility (波动性) is 3-5 times more frequent than in the 1980s.
Developed economies aren’t immune. The UK’s June 2024 inflation hit 3.6% (above the 3.4% forecast), driven by a third straight monthly rise in food prices — its highest in 18 months. “Extreme weather and poor harvests created a perfect storm,” says British Retail Consortium’s Kris Hamer.
Kotz warns of broader risks: “Rising food prices are the second most visible climate impact, after extreme heat. This stress sways elections, as seen in last year’s US vote.”
The study stresses urgency in reaching net-zero emissions. “Every degree of warming raises risks of catastrophic (灾难性的) price shocks,” Kotz concludes. “We’re fighting for food security and social cohesion.”
1．Which is NOT a consequence of climate-driven food price spikes
A．Social unrest . B．Higher inflation in developed nations .
C．Reduced staple consumption . D．Altered political outcomes .
2．The UK’s inflation data implies ________.
A．Developed nations avoid food price shocks
B．Climate impacts hit developing countries harder
C．Food inflation destabilizes even strong economies
D．The Bank of England controlled inflation effectively
3．The author’s attitude toward the study’s findings is ________.
A．skeptical B．alarmed C．indifferent D．optimistic
4．Which best captures the passage’s central theme
A．Technology’s role in climate mitigation .
B．Extreme weather and supply chain disruptions .
C．Climate change’s immediate impact on food and society .
D．UN efforts to address food security.
I
(24-25高三上·浙江嘉兴第一中学·二模)
The Himalayan wolf and snow leopard are top predators (捕食者) in alpine ecosystems. Across the diverse landscapes of the Asian highlands, herding (放牧) communities exhibit varying attitudes toward snow leopards and wolves. Although snow leopards cause greater livestock loss, these communities generally show greater tolerance and acceptance toward snow leopards. This illustrates the predator paradox, where the more damaging predator is contradictorily more tolerated.
Attitude toward snow leopards and wolves in the Himalayas are shaped by factors like religion and culture. Snow leopards hold significant cultural and spiritual value, especially in Buddhism. Local folk tales boost snow leopards’ awe, portraying them as holy beings linked to spiritual beliefs of the communities. In contrast to the awe for snow leopards, wolves are widely disliked and feared. This negative view stems from folklore, where wolves are portrayed as sly (狡猾的) and merciless predators. These tales shape public view, fostering hostility (敌意) and fear toward wolves.
Conservation efforts in the Himalayas primarily concentrate on snow leopards, often overlooking other sympatric carnivores (食肉动物), like wolves. Consequently, programs for population monitoring, habitat preservation, and livestock insurance mainly benefit snow leopards, leaving wolves with minimal attention or resources. Additionally, key policy documents prioritize snow leopard conservation efforts, neglecting the ecological significance of wolves. This mistake slows down carnivore protection and makes local communities feel bitter toward wolves.
Interestingly, this difference exists despite both snow leopard and Himalayan wolf being globally classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.
Both snow leopards and wolves are crucial to the Himalayan ecosystem, but conservation has overwhelmingly favored snow leopards. This imbalance in attention and resources worsens the challenges faced by wolves, highlighting the need for a balanced approach to conserve both species effectively.
1． What phenomenon does the “predator paradox” describe in paragraph 1
A．Top predators always cause livestock loss.
B．More harmful predators are more accepted locally.
C．Locals tolerate different top predators equally.
D．Conservation focuses on more tolerated predators.
2． How do Himalayan herding communities view wolves
A．As sacred Buddhist beings.
B．As tricky, fearsome hunters.
C．Less threatening than snow leopards.
D．As necessary contributors to the ecosystem.
3．What effect may the overlook of wolf conservation have
A．It puts snow leopards in danger.
B．It worsens locals’ bitterness of wolves.
C．It improves the alpine ecosystem balance.
D．It slows the protection of carnivores overall.
4． What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Why Protect Snow Leopards More
B．Who’s More Tolerated
C．How to Save Wolves
D．Where’s the Balance
J
(25-26高三上·江西景德镇·期中)
Carbon stored thousands of years ago is being released by rivers worldwide, according to the findings that suggest human activities are damaging the natural landscape more than previously thought.
Researchers already knew rivers release carbon dioxide and methane as part of the global carbon cycle. They are thought to send out around two billion tonnes of this carbon each year. But when Josh Dean from the University of Bristol, UK, and his colleagues set out to determine how old this carbon really is, they found that approximately 60% of the carbon released by rivers worldwide actually originated from stores dating back thousands of years. The team used radioactive dating to assess the age of carbon and methane released from more than 700 river parts across 26 countries.
“What really astonished us, when we collected all the data we could get, was that more than half of the carbon being released would be coming from these much older carbon stores,” says Dean. “There is a sort of continuous change, or sideways flow, of these old carbon stores.”
Ancient carbon is trapped in rocks, peatlands (泥炭地) and wetlands. The findings suggest that as much as one bi

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