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题型17 语法填空（从句题）
题型简介
从句填空是高考英语语法填空中考查复杂句子构建与逻辑分层能力的高阶题型。该题型通常不提供提示词，要求考生通过分析句子结构，判断从句类型，并根据其在主句中的语法功能及内部的逻辑关系，填入一个恰当的引导词（关系代词、关系副词、从属连词等）。
在高考英语语法填空中，从句填空是衡量学生能否从简单句思维跃升至复合句思维的关键标尺。它并非孤立地考查词汇，而是对学生深入理解英语“形合”特征、精准把握主从逻辑层次、以及根据成分缺失灵活选用连接手段等核心能力的综合检验。随着高考对语言逻辑性与结构复杂性要求的不断提升，确保此类题目的得分率，对于学生突破语法瓶颈、冲击高分具有至关重要的战略意义，是学生在语法填空部分实现能力分层的试金石。
该题型主要考查三大方向：定语从句；名词性从句；状语从句。
设题类型&解题思路
考向01 定语从句考点
核心定位：定语从句是句子的“形容词性组件”，其功能相当于一个形容词，在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词（即先行词），对其进行限定或补充说明。在语法填空中，该考点主要考查考生根据先行词的性质（人、物、时间、地点等）以及关系词在定语从句中所充当的句子成分，精准选用关系词（关系代词或关系副词）的能力。
构成与考查实质：解题时，考生需要先识别被修饰的先行词，然后分析将先行词代入从句后，从句本身缺失什么成分（如主语、宾语、状语等），最后选择一个既能指代先行词又能在从句中充当该缺失成分的关系词。这正是“关系词”这一名称的由来——它起着连接主从句并替代先行词在从句中担当成分的双重作用。
一、 主要设题形式与复杂例句
1. 考查关系代词在复杂先行词后的用法
例句：The policy and its immediate impact that/which we discussed yesterday have raised public concern.
考查实质：先行词是由and连接的复合结构(The policy and its impact)，指物，且从句(we discussed)中缺少宾语，因此填that或which。主要考查学生能否准确找出复杂的先行词。
2. 考查关系副词与非限制性定语从句的结合
例句：She spent her childhood in the small town, where she acquired her passion for painting and later became a renowned artist.
考查实质：逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先行词the small town表地点，从句主干完整(she acquired...)，仅缺地点状语，故填where。这要求区分定语从句与并列句。
3. 考查“介词+关系代词”结构
例句：Personal growth is a continuous process during which we constantly overcome challenges and reshape our understanding of the world.
考查实质：先行词process指物，代入从句后应为we constantly overcome challenges during the process。“介词(during)+关系代词(which)”共同在从句中作时间状语。这是高频难点，需根据从句的动词搭配判断介词。
4. 考查关系代词as/which引导的非限制性定语从句
例句：As is known to all, persistent effort is key to success, which has been proven by countless examples.
考查实质：第一个空格，as引导非限制性定语从句置于句首，指代整个主句，意为“正如”。第二个空格，which同样指代整个主句，但只能置于主句后，意为“这一点”。考查as和which在指代整个主句时的区别。
5. 考查关系代词whose表示所属关系
例句：The company has recruited a group of young engineers whose innovative ideas have brought a breakthrough to the project.
考查实质：先行词engineers指人，从句中ideas与engineers是所属关系(the engineers' ideas)，从句缺少定语，故填whose。该考点要求识别名词间的所属关系，不只修饰人，也可修饰物。
二、 核心解题思路与步骤
三步破题法：寻先行 → 析成分 → 定关系词
第一步：寻找并确定先行词。
锁定空格前最近的名词、代词或整个句子，即定语从句所修饰的对象。这是解题的基石。注意先行词可能是带有修饰语的复杂名词短语。
第二步：分析从句句子成分（最关键）。
将先行词代入定语从句中，尝试构成一个完整的句子，看它在从句里充当什么成分。核心原则是：“从句缺什么成分，就补什么关系词”。
如果先行词在从句中需要充当主语、宾语或表语，那么从句缺的是名词性成分，应选用关系代词（that, which, who, whom）。
如果先行词与从句中的某个名词存在所属关系（“……的”），那么从句缺的是定语，应选用whose。
如果先行词在从句中表示时间、地点或原因，并且需要充当状语，那么应选用相应的关系副词（when, where, why）。
如果代入后，发现需要用一个“介词+先行词”的结构才能在从句中充当状语（如“通过这种方式”、“在那之后”），则考虑“介词+which/whom”结构。
第三步：综合判断，确定关系词。
结合第一步的先行词性质（指人、指物、时间、地点等）和第二步判断的从句所缺成分，在对应的关系词类别中做出最终选择。简单来说：
缺主语/宾语/表语时：
先行词指人，用 who/that（作宾语时可用whom）。
先行词指物，用 which/that。
缺定语（表所属），无论先行词指人还是物，都用 whose。
缺状语时：
先行词表时间，用 when 或 “介词+which”。
先行词表地点，用 where 或 “介词+which”。
先行词是reason，用 why 或 “for which”。
考向02 名词性从句考点
核心定位： 名词性从句是句子的“名词性组件”，其功能相当于一个名词，在复合句中充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语。在语法填空中，该考点主要考查考生根据从句在主句中的成分以及从句本身的句子完整性，精准选用连接词（从属连词、连接代词、连接副词）的能力。
一、 主要设题形式与例句
1. 考查从属连词 that 与 whether/if 的辨析（高频基础）
例句: The latest evidence leaves no doubt that climate change is accelerating, but scientists still debate whether/if its local impacts can be precisely predicted.
考查实质：第一个空格，that引导同位语从句，对抽象名词doubt进行内容说明，从句本身意思完整，仅起连接作用。第二个空格，whether/if引导宾语从句，意为“是否”，表示不确定性的争论焦点。关键在于判断从句是否含有“是否”的疑问意义，以及主句动词（如debate, discuss, doubt）是否要求。
2. 考查连接代词 what 的用法（“所…的”）
例句: What impressed the judges most was not the complexity of the design but the creator’s deep understanding of what users truly needed.
考查实质：第一个What引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语，意为“所打动评委的事情”。第二个what引导宾语从句，作of的宾语，并在其引导的从句中作宾语，意为“用户真正所需要的东西”。what相当于“the thing(s) that”，必须在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
3. 考查连接副词 when, where, why, how（从句主谓完整）
例句: The research focuses on how cultural values shape consumer behavior, which explains why certain marketing strategies fail across regions.
考查实质：第一个空格，how引导宾语从句，意为“如何塑造”，从句主谓宾齐全(values shape behavior)，缺少方式状语。第二个空格，why引导宾语从句，意为“为何失败”，从句主谓完整(strategies fail)，缺少原因状语。解题关键是确认从句主谓结构已完整，仅缺状语成分。
4. 考查“介词+名词性从句”结构
例句: The success of the project depends largely on who will be in charge of the team and how much budget we can secure.
考查实质：空格位于介词on之后，需要宾语。who引导的名词性从句作介词宾语，同时who在从句中作主语。how引导并列的宾语从句，how much修饰budget，在从句中作定语。考查了连接词在介词后的应用，以及连接代词与连接副词的区别。
5. 考查 it 作形式主语/宾语， that/whether 从句后置
例句: The experts consider it essential that all data be double-checked before publication, making it unclear whether the current findings are reliable.
考查实质：第一个it作consider的形式宾语，真正的宾语是that引导的从句。第二个it作making的形式宾语，真正宾语是whether引导的从句。这种结构常用于保持句子平衡。关键在于识别动词(consider, find, make)+it+adj./n.+that...这一固定句型。
二、 核心解题思路与步骤
两步破题法：定成分 → 析从句
第一步：确定从句在主句中的成分。
分析空格所在的从句部分，在整个主句中充当什么角色。
位于句首或 It is... that... 结构中 → 可能是主语从句。
位于及物动词或介词之后 → 可能是宾语从句。
位于系动词 (be, seem, remain) 之后 → 可能是表语从句。
位于抽象名词 (fact, idea, news, doubt) 之后，且对该名词进行内容解释 → 可能是同位语从句。
第二步：分析从句内部的完整性，选择连接词。
这是选择具体连接词的关键。分析名词性从句本身的句子结构：
1. 从句主谓宾结构完整，不缺任何成分：
仅起连接作用，用 that（通常可省略，但引导主语、表语、同位语从句时一般不省）。
表示“是否”，用 whether（可与or not连用）或 if（仅用于引导宾语从句且不置于句首）。
2. 从句缺少主语、宾语或表语：
指代事物，用 what（“……的东西/事情”）。
指代人，用 who（主格）、whom（宾格）、whose（所有格）。
指代特定范围的人或物，用 which（“……的那一个”）。
3. 从句主谓结构完整，但缺少状语：
缺少时间状语，用 when。
缺少地点状语，用 where。
缺少原因状语，用 why。
缺少方式状语，用 how。
考向03 状语从句考点
核心考点实质：状语从句是句子的“状语性组件”，其功能相当于一个副词，在复合句中修饰主句的谓语动词、形容词或整个句子，表示时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较等逻辑关系。在语法填空中，该考点主要考查考生根据主句与从句之间的逻辑关系以及从句本身的引导词特性，精准选用从属连词的能力。
一、 主要设题形式与例句
1. 考查时间、原因、条件等基础逻辑关系判断
例句: When the final data was analyzed, the team realized they had made a groundbreaking discovery, because the results contradicted all previous assumptions.
考查实质：第一个空格，从句“最终数据被分析时”表示主句动作“意识到”发生的时间点，需用时间连词When。第二个空格，从句“结果与之前所有假设相悖”是主句“意识到”内容的原因，需用原因连词because。考查对句子间最基础逻辑关系的识别。
2. 考查让步状语从句连词 (although, though, even if)
例句: Although/Though the initial investment is considerable, the long-term benefits, even if they are not immediately visible, will far outweigh the costs.
考查实质：第一个空格，主句“长期收益巨大”与从句“初期投资可观”构成转折让步关系，需用Although/Though。第二个空格，even if引导的插入语成分，表示“即使它们不能立即显现”，是更深一层的让步。考查对“虽然，即使”等让步关系的把握及连词在插入语中的运用。
3. 考查目的 (so that/in order that) 与结果 (so...that/such...that) 状语从句的辨析
例句: The researcher designed multiple control experiments so that every variable could be isolated, and the outcome was so compelling that it left no room for doubt.
考查实质：第一个空格，从句“每个变量都能被分离”是主句“设计多个对照实验”的目的，需用目的连词so that。第二个空格，so...that...结构连接，“如此有说服力”导致“不容置疑”的结果。关键在于区分so that（目的）和so...that...（结果），以及so（修饰形容词/副词）与such（修饰名词）的搭配。
4. 考查方式 (as, as if) 与比较 (than, as...as) 状语从句
例句: In scientific inquiry, one must proceed as the evidence guides, just as a sailor navigates by the stars. The process is often more complex than it appears as if every step could lead to unexpected puzzles.
考查实质：第一个as引导方式状语从句，“如同证据所指引的那样”。第二个as是as...as...比较结构的一部分。than引导比较状语从句，与more complex呼应。as if引导方式状语从句，表示“仿佛”。此题综合考查了易混连词在不同语境下的具体用法。
5. 考查连词在省略结构与非谓语形式中的运用
例句: While (he was) analyzing the samples, he noticed an anomaly. He paused, as if (he were) to double-check his instrument, before proceeding as (he had been) instructed.
考查实质：考查状语从句的省略形式。当从句主语与主句一致，且含有be动词时，可省略主语和be动词。While后省略了he was；as if后省略了he were；as后省略了he had been。解题关键是识别出主从句主语一致且从句为“主语+be”的结构，从而判断空格处应填哪个从属连词。
二、核心解题思路与步骤
两步破题法：判逻辑 → 选连词
第一步：判断主从句之间的逻辑关系。
这是解题的根本。仔细阅读空格前后的主句和从句（或意群），分析从句是为主句动作提供时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式还是比较的说明。
关键技巧：寻找语义上的逻辑关键词。例如，前后句意相反用让步(although)，前句是后句的目的用目的(so that)，前因后果用原因(because)或结果(so...that)。
第二步：根据关系类别和从句特征，选择从属连词。
确定逻辑关系后，在对应的连词库中选择，并注意以下特例与固定搭配：
1. 时间关系：when, while, as, before, after, since, until, as soon as。注意when（点时间），while（段时间，且主从句动作同时进行），as（伴随，“一边……一边”）。
2. 条件关系：if, unless（除非，相当于 if not）, as/so long as（只要）。
3. 让步关系：although/though（虽然），even if/though（即使），while（尽管，常放句首）。
4. 原因关系：because, since, as, for。注意because语气最强，回答“why”；since/as常表已知原因；for为并列连词，表补充说明。
5. 目的关系：so that, in order that。从句中常含can/could/may/might。
6. 结果关系：so...that..., such...that...。注意so修饰形容词/副词，such修饰名词。
7. 方式与比较：as（按照，如同），as if/though（仿佛），than（比），as...as...（和……一样）。
考向01 定语从句考点
【例1-1】(河北省邢台市信都区2025-2026学年高三上学期期中英语试题节选)
Yu Zemin, Chinese translator of Krasznahorkai’s Satantango, revealed the author frequently consumed Chinese food, listened to Beijing opera, 3 and consistently referenced China in conversations. The writer particularly valued ancient Chinese philosophy, repeatedly studying Tao Te Ching 4 he considered “ultimate wisdom”.
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：克劳斯纳霍尔凯《撒旦探戈》的中文译者于泽民透露，这位作家经常吃中国菜，听京剧，并且在谈话中经常提到中国。这位作家特别重视中国古代哲学，反复研读他认为“终极智慧”的《道德经》。“ 4 he considered “ultimate wisdom””为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tao Te Ching，指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。
【例1-2】(贵州省贵阳市2025-2026学年高三上学期质量监测英语试题节选)
Human-elephant conflict resulting 6 from this is a leading cause of elephant death, as 70% of the population now lives outside protected areas. These interactions can lead to substantial damage, as seen in China 7 the herd caused an estimated $1.1 million in losses.
【答案】where
【详解】7．考查定语从句。句意：由此引发的人象冲突成为大象死亡的主因——如今70%的象群生活在保护区外。此类冲突可能造成巨大损失，例如象群在中国造成的经济损失预估达110万美元。此处引导定语从句，先行词为China，在定语从句中作地点状语，故应用where引导。故填where。
【例1-3】(重庆市第八中学校2025-2026学年高三上学期月考英语试题节选)
For over 35 years, he has practiced and taught five-element acupuncture, 4 aims are to restore bodily harmony and keep the balance of yin and yang rather than just treat symptoms.
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：35年来，他一直从事并教授五行针灸，其目的是恢复身体和谐、保持阴阳平衡，而不仅仅是治疗症状。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是“five-element acupuncture”，在从句中作定语，修饰“aims”，用关系代词“whose”。故填whose。
【变式1-1】（上海市青浦区2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题节选）
That’s no surprise, considering that his ideas came out of the 18th-century marketplace, in 1 producers and consumers were likely to be neighbours. ………
………These middlemen, including Big Tech platforms like Amazon, make it possible for us to buy goods made 4 on the other side of the world, but this connective power is threatening accountability by creating so much separation between buyers and sellers 5 it’s impossible to match up with the real cost of convenience and low prices. ……..
……….The two big questions are how to create system change and 8 will bear the cost of it. There are no simple answers to 9 either of the questions, though technology offers new possibilities to connect buyers and sellers.
【变式1-2】（高中英语语法与高考考法定语从句专题节选）
People who live far away from beaches, sometimes never get an opportunity to visit the beach or take dips in the water. An educational program in Australia is changing that for local children from the bush (荒野), 1 see and swim in the ocean for the first time.
The children, 2 ages range from eight to fifteen, participate in the volunteer-led Bush to Beach program. The students travel 700 kilometers to South Narrabeen near Sydney. Bush to Beach, 3 was founded by Jack Cannons in 2006, brings up to 50 outback (内陆的) kids to the beach for a three-day surf camp to learn new skills, and to build confidence in an environment 4 is totally new to them, according to the organization. These children have to travel a 10-hour bus ride to the beach, 5 they can have much fun. To qualify for the program, the children are trying their best to maintain the good school attendance and behavior.
考向02 名词性从句考点
【例2-1】(2026届浙江省台州高三一模英语试题节选)
In recent years, more young 8 professionals (profession) have joined the museum's restoration teams, including Jin Dazhao, 34, from the metal artifacts group. Jin believes that restoring cultural relics is not simply mending 9 is broken, but about continuing a chain of human creativity and memory.
【答案】what
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：近年来，更多年轻的专业人士加入了博物馆的修复团队，包括34岁来自金属文物组的金大钊。金认为，修复文物不仅仅是修补破损的东西，而是延续人类创造力和记忆的链条。此处为宾语从句，作mending的宾语，从句中缺少主语，且指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填what。
【例2-2】(广东省深圳市宝安第一外国语学校2025-2026学年高三上学期期中调研考试英语试题节选)
What’s more, static electricity is more common in the winter than in the summer. This is 6 the air is typically drier in the winter, and dry air doesn’t conduct electricity as well as moist air.
【答案】because
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：这是因为冬天的空气通常更干燥，而干燥的空气导电性能不如潮湿的空气。此处引导表语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，但句意不完整，结合句意，此处表示“因为”，用连接词because。故填because。
【变式2-1】(河南省郑州市第一中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中英语试题节选)
Since I moved to China in September 2024, I’ve found exactly 1 I was looking for when I left Italy: a change — how people get around in daily life.
【变式2-2】 (2025-2026浙江英语学业水平考试合格考总复习专题节选)
3 Holes tells is the story of Stanley Yelnats, a boy born into a poor family. Yelnats is accused 4 (accuse) of a crime he didn’t commit.
【变式2-3】(2025-2026浙江英语学业水平考试合格考总复习专题节选)
Does this mean medications and lifestyle methods, with further research, can also be devised to help 10 ages too rapidly and is at risk of contracting age-related diseases like hypertension and Alzheimer’s You never know.
考向03 状语从句考点
【例3-1】(四川省达州市高级中学等部分校2025-2026学年高一上学期期中联考英语试题节选)
Sometimes, 6 the difference in sound is clear enough, learners make the mistake of pronouncing it the same way.
【答案】although/though/while
【详解】考查状语从句连词。句意：有时，尽管声音上的差异足够明显，学习者还是会犯同样的发音错误。此处表示让步关系，用although/though/while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”。故填although/though/while。
【例3-2】（上海市青浦区2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题节选）
These middlemen, including Big Tech platforms like Amazon, make it possible for us to buy goods made on 4 the other side of the world, but this connective power is threatening accountability by creating so much separation between buyers and sellers 5 it’s impossible to match up with the real cost of convenience and low prices.
【答案】that
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：包括亚马逊等大型科技平台在内的这些中间商，让我们得以购买到产自世界另一端的商品，但这种连接能力却在削弱问责制——它在买家和卖家之间制造了巨大的隔阂，使得人们根本无法知晓便利与低价背后的真实成本。空处为结果状语从句的引导词，构成搭配：so…that…，意为“如此……以至于……”，符合句意。故填that。
【例3-3】（2020年新课标全国三卷）
___65____ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66.___ point _ (point) down the river.
【答案】When/As
【解析】考查连接词。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
【变式3-1】（安徽省“江淮十校”高三上学期第一次联考英语试题节选）
A new study sheds light on what’s going on inside our brains 2 we match our music to our feelings.
【变式3-2】（2026届浙江省永嘉中学高三上学期第一次联考模拟英语试题节选）
To expand production to industrial levels, scientists will need to design and produce large-scale bases for growing engineered plants and obtaining oil is a challenge. Shanklin says, 10 duckweed is a non-mainstream crop without much existing infrastructure.
【变式3-3】（四川省成都列五中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中英语试题节选）
Hosted by China Media Group, the event is part of the ongoing 27th Shanghai International Film Festival running from June 13 to the coming Sunday. 3 this year celebrates the 120th anniversary of Chinese cinema, the event paid tribute (致敬) to a number of seasoned actors 4and applauded works while introducing new works that continue to tell good stories.
专题01 高考真题练
A
（2024年新课标全国Ⅱ卷英语真题）
Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, 1 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common 2 (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about 3 (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways 4 Romeo and Juliet.”
A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 5 (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, 6 (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international 7 (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 8 (find)the connection between the two great writers.
9 (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 10 see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
B
（2023年新课标全国Ⅱ卷英语真题）
Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals
Since June 2017, right before the 1 (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 2 (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English 3
Not the pandas, even though 4 language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 5 (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give 6 (interview) in English with international journalists. This is 7 they need an English trainer.
So, what are they learning 8 (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 9 to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I 10 (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
C
（2023年全国甲卷英语真题）
For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 1 (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 2 (six) century, B．C． Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 3 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, 4 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, 5 (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 6 (intend) for everyone.
7 (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 8 saving their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty 9 (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still 10 (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
专题02 优秀模拟题
A
(江苏省苏州市2025-2026学年高三上学期期中阳光调研英语试题)
In Wuhan, drones (无人机) are now replacing the traditional “spidermen” for cleaning the glass curtain walls of high-rise buildings. This 1 (innovate) offers a more efficient, cost-effective, and stable alternative to the dangerous human work.
Developed by Wuhan-based startup Aero Technology, the drone operates on the most ideal route and achieves precise control of the nozzle (喷嘴) angle and pressure, 2 (adapt) to various building surfaces and thus covering 99 percent of the cleaning areas. Also, compared to traditional workers, the drone boosts efficiency 3 20 times.
Safety is significantly enhanced. 4 (Operate) from the ground, the drone minimizes risks, resists level-7 winds, and can work on rainy days, addressing the high accident rate and weather limitations of traditional methods.
After cleaning is completed, it 5 (send) images to ground staff for check. If the standard is not met, the cleaning process is repeated. Subsequently, a cleaning report and a “health record” of the building can 6 (generate) and delivered to the client. After the drone returns to the ground, specialized equipment is used to collect and treat the wastewater.
The rise of the drone cleaning industry does not simply replace traditional jobs 7 creates new, safer, and more technically 8 (demand) roles, such as drone pilots, observers, safety managers, and equipment maintenance technicians.
According to Ding Jiahao, 9 drone pilot at the company, operating a cleaning drone requires knowledge of cleaning techniques, familiarity with building structures, and experience in operating in urban environments densely packed with high-rises, 10 places extremely high demands on precise positioning, obstacle avoidance, and stability.
B
(山东省潍坊市2025-2026学年高三上学期期中阶段性检测英语试题)
Zhong Mo Yuan (The Ink-Sown Garden), a TV series devoted to advocating the thousand-year-old Xuan paper culture, was 1 (public) announced to have started shooting on Sept. 21 in the city of Xuancheng in Anhui province, with 2 80-day filming schedule, according to the producers.
Produced by China Central Television, the story, directed by Song Yeming, 3 (follow) a young woman who quits her job in Beijing to leave for her hometown and care for her unwell mother. After landing a position 4 a local government official, she discovers that 5 the traditional Xuan paper industry is faced with now is the increasing danger of decline.
Determined to revive it, she launches 6 (initiative) such as developing Xuan paper notebooks, securing orders for Xuan wallpaper in Beijing, and 7 (organize) a cultural festival promoting the “four treasures of the study” — a traditional term referring to the brush, ink, paper and inkstone.
Xuan paper, well-known for its exceptional quality, longevity and vital role in Chinese calligraphy and painting, is a widely 8 (recognize) cultural symbol.
Director Song revealed he 9 (draw) to the series’ unique structure and characters, especially its viewpoint of a grassroots government official. He was also attracted by the 10 (drama) tension within a family of Xuan paper craftsmen as they tackle the challenges of guarding traditions, passing down their craft and innovating for the future.
C
(2026届江苏省南京市鼓楼区南京市第二十九中学高三上学期第一次模拟考试英语试卷)
Cliffside Café in China Serves Heart-stopping Coffee
Ye Kunkun spent 398 yuan on a special iced Americano at a rural café in southeastern China. That’s no ordinary price. But this is no ordinary coffee shop. 1 distinguishes it is a wooden bench settled an astonishing 70 meters above the sea with breathtaking coastal views.
The 30-year-old Ye climbed down from the 2 (tower) 130-meter cliff—about 43 stories high— along a via ferrata route with metal steps secured to the rock face, while a coach guided her along the way. “I was scared at first when I saw the cliff right ahead of me,” Ye recalled days later. “But my fear faded away as soon as the coach went first and led me.”
It took her 30 minutes to reach the spot, 3 a sign on the cliffside reads “Gushi Cliff Coffee.” The café 4 (name) after the town it’s located near—Gushi village in Fuzhou, the capital of southeastern Fujian province.
The village—a previously 5 (famous) place featuring bunches of ancient stone houses that guard against coastal winds— 6 (see) bubble tea shops, homestays and camping sites emerge in recent years as the local government pushes for rural tourism.
Once at the spot, Ye’s climbing guide served up the pre-made coffee and captured photos of Ye seated on the edge of a carpet-covered bench, coffee in hand, legs 7 (hang) over the sharp drop.
Gushi Cliff Coffee has sparked a heated discussion on Chinese social media, as 8 (adventure) visitors share their thrilling experiences online. “Not my cup of tea, but respect those who dare—No way I’d ever go up there!” wrote one Chinese online commenter.
9 mixed opinions online, thrill-seekers keep flooding into this café. Having a drink and striking a pose are just the basics of the fun on the cliffside bench. 10 (back) by the local government with a grant of 1.5 million yuan, the village café is expected to support China’s rural revival efforts. In one of Xue’s Xiaohongshu videos, a village r was setting up a stall outside the café shop during Golden Week.
D
（河北省名校联考2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题）
As summer vacation drew to a close, national intangible cultural heritage (ICH) venues held diverse activities, giving young visitors a chance 1 (experience) ICH charm through immersive participation.
At the China Traditional Culture Museum in Beijing, Xi’an drum music, 2 originated in the Sui and Tang dynasties (581-907), drew crowds with its graceful and ancient melodies (旋律). Following the performance, experts guided the children in hands-on sessions with traditional musical instruments, offering in-depth insights 3 the lasting appeal of Chinese music. Since the start of the summer vacation, many venues 4 (roll) out cultural promotion activities such as “Meet the Intangible Cultural Heritage” and ICH classes. According to China Central Television, the China Traditional Culture Museum alone hosted nearly 500 events this summer, with a daily average 5 (attend) surpassing 13,000.
At the Zhejiang Intangible Cultural Heritage Museum, young participants wearing aprons 6 (attentive) learned the blue printing and dyeing technique from inheritors. Due to variations in tying, each piece of tie-dye work became 7 unique artwork. The museum organized 90 such exhibitions, demonstrations and hands-on activities over the summer vacation, 8 (attract) more than 5,500 visitors daily on average.
The summer cultural and tourism consumption market has delivered impressive results. According to a cultural tourism report 9 (release) by short-video platform recently, cultural consumption 10 (upgrade) were notable in the summer tourism market.
E
（海南省海口市琼山区海南中学2025-2026学年高三上学期11月月考英语试题）
Frank Kouwenhoven, a 69-year-old Dutch scholar, has devoted over 20 years to studying Hua’er, a folk song popular in northwest China. Hua’er literally means “flower” in Chinese. This oral art form, expressed in various dialects, originates from lyrics 1 compare women to flowers and has been cherished by nine different ethnic groups for over six hundred years. In 2009, UNESCO recognized Hua’er 2 an intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) of humanity.
Kouwenhoven described Hua’er not only as a living art but also as a 3 (share) passion with his wife. The couple discovered Hua’er in 4 1990s and has then set out on a journey to find the treasure in northwest China.
Just as the couple’s research on Hua’er 5 (bear) fruit, Kouwenhoven’s wife passed away from cancer in 2012, leaving him heartbroken. The Hua’er project was 6 (subsequent) put on hold, becoming an emotional burden he was unwilling to face.
Kouwenhoven returned to Gansu in 2017 after realizing that the best way to honor his late wife was 7 (continue) their joint research on Hua’er.
“As I continued my trip in China, I could sense the presence of my wife beside me. We share numerous common 8 (wish), such as our desire to conquer the highest mountain and bury 9 (we) in the most vibrant Hua’er, ” Kouwenhoven said.
10 (speak) of the future, Kouwenhoven hopes to promote Hua’er overseas. “I have plans to write two books. One about the music and the other about our adventurous trip searching for Hua’er. ”
F
（湖南省长沙市周南中学2025-2026学年高三上学期第三次月考英语试题）
Yang Zhenning, one of the greatest physicists of the 20th century, passed away in Beijing on October 18, 2025, at the age of 103. His life journey, 1 spanned two centuries, was closely tied to the progress of science and his motherland.
In 1957, at 35, Yang became one of the first Chinese to win 2 Nobel Prize in Physics, together with Li Zhengdao. Their 3 (discover) of parity non-conservation in weak interactions brought a great liberation to human understanding of physics. Even more influential is his “Yang-Mills gauge theory” proposed in 1954, 4 (regard) as a cornerstone of modern physics comparable to Maxwell’s equations.
Though living abroad for 5 (decade), Yang always had a deep affection for China. In 1971, he seized the first chance to return to his motherland after 26 years of separation. Deeply moved by China’s achievements in self-reliant development, he became a bridge for Sino-US academic exchanges, inspiring numerous overseas scholars 6 (visit) China.
At 75, Yang joined Tsinghua University and 7 (initiate) the High Energy Physics Research Center. He donated his savings, raised funds, and even taught basic physics to freshmen in his 80s. 8 impressed people most was his adherence to “academics first” — in his center, only lasting academic achievements mattered.
A towering figure in modern science, Yang made groundbreaking contributions to particle physics, field theory, statistical mechanics, and condensed matter physics, reshaping humanity’s understanding of the physical world. Devoted 9 his homeland, he also played a vital role in advancing China’s 10 (science) research and education
G
（安徽省2025-2026学年高三上学期期中大联考英语试卷）
Rising 625 meters above the Beipan River, the Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge in Guizhou province, the world’s tallest, turns 1 was once a two-hour drive across the canyon into a trip of barely two minutes. With its main part 2 (measure) 1,420 meters, it acts as the key link for a new highway 3 winds through one of China’s most mountainous provinces.
To build 4 such a height tested the limits of design and construction. Engineers faced unpredictable weather, sheer cliffs and wind gusts topping 100 kilometers per hour. To meet those challenges, the team relied on 5 series of new technologies, like an intelligent cable-hoisting system guided by the Beidou Navigation Satellite System, which allowed workers 6 (position) steel trusses — the structures that support the deck — with centimeter-level accuracy.
“The job once 7 (require) 40 to 50 workers to watch the process 8 (physical) and communicate by radio,” said Han Hongju, chief engineer of the Guizhou Communications Investment Group. “Now, one or two people in a control room can input coordinates and limit positioning errors within 10 centimeters.”
Beyond the engineering, the bridge is already reshaping local tourism and the economy. Authorities and developers are preparing attractions such as bungee jumping, a cafe atop the bridge tower, and an integrated tourism area 9 (design) to channel income into surrounding communities.
Local officials estimate that 1,000 to 2,000 people were visiting daily even before the bridge opened, with no 10 (admit) fee required.
H
（2026届山东省实验中学高三上学期一诊英语试题）
Following the success of “Ne Zha 2”, another Chinese animated film “Nobody” has gone viral. Its box office earnings 1 (total)776 million yuan since its debut on August 2, smashing the record for Chinese-made 2D animated films. On Douban, 2 film review platform known for its stringent(严格的)ratings, the animation has scored an 3 (impress) 8.6, edging out “Ne Zha 2” by 0.1 points.
“Both films are excellent. The former has grand special effects, while the latter excels in storytelling,” a movie-goer 4 surname is Cao said.
5 (base)on the classic “Journey to the West”, the film doesn’t focus on the Monkey King. Instead, it spotlights monsters that appear in the novel. A group of four low-level yaoguais decide to journey west by dressing up 6 Monk Tang’s team. The journey sees them save villagers from evil yaoguais and be remembered as 7 (hero).
“The film puts contemporary themes onto minor yaoguais, 8 (ultimate)crafting a new story,” said producer Chen Liaoyu. Many viewers love 9 (it)sarcastic(讽刺的)take on work culture and focus on minor characters. “The cinema is filled with laughs of kids and adults’ tears,” one Douban comment reads. “As kids, we dreamed of being the Monkey King, only 10 (realize)we’re ordinary yaoguais as adults.”
Professor Liang said Chinese creators reinvent traditional stories while honoring original values.
I
（2025届安徽省合肥市集团校高三“最后一卷” 英语试卷）
As China’s global influence grows, so does interest in 1 (it) rich traditions — including the culture of tea, which carries stories, values, and philosophies 2 (pass) down for generations.
The experience of drinking Chinese tea abroad is not only about flavor; it also offers a sense of calm and 3 (connect). It is this emotional and cultural depth 4 makes tea different from many other global beverages. One major government-backed program aims to introduce traditional tea culture to the world. Events under this initiative have been held in more than 30 countries, each 5 (feature) ceremonies, lectures, and tastings.
At a 2023 event in Berlin, the Chinese tea master’s graceful movements deeply impressed the audience, many of 6 had never seen such a ceremony before. Since then, the project 7 (function) as a reminder for many young Chinese people of the value of their heritage. As a result, domestic interest in tea studies has grown in recent years, 8 (especial) among university students.
Tea, like music or art, is something that can even 9 (share) without translation. Villages in Yunnan and Fujian, are now welcoming travelers eager to learn about tea. These places, gradually, are being rid 10 outdated labels, as tea brings them both pride and prosperity.
J
（2025届江苏省南通市崇川区高三上学期第一次调研考试英语试题）
A unique food trend has recently gained 1 (popular) among young people in China. Known as “leftover food blind boxes”, these innovative meal options provide a convenient and 2 (afford) way to enjoy delicious food while also reducing food waste. So far this concept 3 (attract) the attention of many curious young individuals. The concept of “leftover food blind boxes” originated abroad, specifically from an app called Too Good To Go that started in Denmark in 2015. Its goal is 4 (fight) against food waste by offering surplus(剩余的) unsold food from nearby stores and restaurants 5 a reduced price.
Inspired by videos posted by Chinese creators living abroad 6 shared their experience, Chinese consumers and businesses have quickly accepted the idea, 7 (lead) to similar operations in major Chinese cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Chengdu. The operational methods of the “leftover food blind box” model can vary between stores. Some boxes contain pre - packaged meals 8 (base) on a store’s sales before the evening, while others allow customers to choose from 9 still remains in the store around closing time. However, the latter option is less common. The contents of the blind boxes are often only revealed upon opening, adding 10 element of surprise to the dining experience.
K
（2026届四川省绵阳南山中学高三“零诊”模拟考试英语试题）
Eight Treasures Duck, a classic dish from Jiangsu cuisine, 1 (have) a history of over 300 years. It gets 2 (it) name from the eight ingredients stuffed inside — glutinous rice, chestnuts, and dried fruits, 3 give the dish a rich, sweet flavor.
4 making this dish, chefs first clean a whole duck and remove its bones, keeping the skin intact. The duck 5 (stuff) with the eight treasures, then sewn up and braised (焖煮) slowly in soy sauce. The process, 6 takes several hours, requires patience and skill.
In the past, Eight Treasures Duck 7 (serve) only on important occasions like weddings. Today, it is 8 (easy) to find in restaurants, yet still carries a sense of celebration. Many families enjoy it during the Lunar New Year, as the duck’s round shape symbolizes 9 (harmonious) and unity.
10 (compare) to other duck dishes, it stands out for its combination of savory and sweet tastes. Each bite tells a story of traditional cooking wisdom passed down through generations. 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)题型17 语法填空（从句题）
题型简介
从句填空是高考英语语法填空中考查复杂句子构建与逻辑分层能力的高阶题型。该题型通常不提供提示词，要求考生通过分析句子结构，判断从句类型，并根据其在主句中的语法功能及内部的逻辑关系，填入一个恰当的引导词（关系代词、关系副词、从属连词等）。
在高考英语语法填空中，从句填空是衡量学生能否从简单句思维跃升至复合句思维的关键标尺。它并非孤立地考查词汇，而是对学生深入理解英语“形合”特征、精准把握主从逻辑层次、以及根据成分缺失灵活选用连接手段等核心能力的综合检验。随着高考对语言逻辑性与结构复杂性要求的不断提升，确保此类题目的得分率，对于学生突破语法瓶颈、冲击高分具有至关重要的战略意义，是学生在语法填空部分实现能力分层的试金石。
该题型主要考查三大方向：定语从句；名词性从句；状语从句。
设题类型&解题思路
考向01 定语从句考点
核心定位：定语从句是句子的“形容词性组件”，其功能相当于一个形容词，在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词（即先行词），对其进行限定或补充说明。在语法填空中，该考点主要考查考生根据先行词的性质（人、物、时间、地点等）以及关系词在定语从句中所充当的句子成分，精准选用关系词（关系代词或关系副词）的能力。
构成与考查实质：解题时，考生需要先识别被修饰的先行词，然后分析将先行词代入从句后，从句本身缺失什么成分（如主语、宾语、状语等），最后选择一个既能指代先行词又能在从句中充当该缺失成分的关系词。这正是“关系词”这一名称的由来——它起着连接主从句并替代先行词在从句中担当成分的双重作用。
一、 主要设题形式与复杂例句
1. 考查关系代词在复杂先行词后的用法
例句：The policy and its immediate impact that/which we discussed yesterday have raised public concern.
考查实质：先行词是由and连接的复合结构(The policy and its impact)，指物，且从句(we discussed)中缺少宾语，因此填that或which。主要考查学生能否准确找出复杂的先行词。
2. 考查关系副词与非限制性定语从句的结合
例句：She spent her childhood in the small town, where she acquired her passion for painting and later became a renowned artist.
考查实质：逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先行词the small town表地点，从句主干完整(she acquired...)，仅缺地点状语，故填where。这要求区分定语从句与并列句。
3. 考查“介词+关系代词”结构
例句：Personal growth is a continuous process during which we constantly overcome challenges and reshape our understanding of the world.
考查实质：先行词process指物，代入从句后应为we constantly overcome challenges during the process。“介词(during)+关系代词(which)”共同在从句中作时间状语。这是高频难点，需根据从句的动词搭配判断介词。
4. 考查关系代词as/which引导的非限制性定语从句
例句：As is known to all, persistent effort is key to success, which has been proven by countless examples.
考查实质：第一个空格，as引导非限制性定语从句置于句首，指代整个主句，意为“正如”。第二个空格，which同样指代整个主句，但只能置于主句后，意为“这一点”。考查as和which在指代整个主句时的区别。
5. 考查关系代词whose表示所属关系
例句：The company has recruited a group of young engineers whose innovative ideas have brought a breakthrough to the project.
考查实质：先行词engineers指人，从句中ideas与engineers是所属关系(the engineers' ideas)，从句缺少定语，故填whose。该考点要求识别名词间的所属关系，不只修饰人，也可修饰物。
二、 核心解题思路与步骤
三步破题法：寻先行 → 析成分 → 定关系词
第一步：寻找并确定先行词。
锁定空格前最近的名词、代词或整个句子，即定语从句所修饰的对象。这是解题的基石。注意先行词可能是带有修饰语的复杂名词短语。
第二步：分析从句句子成分（最关键）。
将先行词代入定语从句中，尝试构成一个完整的句子，看它在从句里充当什么成分。核心原则是：“从句缺什么成分，就补什么关系词”。
如果先行词在从句中需要充当主语、宾语或表语，那么从句缺的是名词性成分，应选用关系代词（that, which, who, whom）。
如果先行词与从句中的某个名词存在所属关系（“……的”），那么从句缺的是定语，应选用whose。
如果先行词在从句中表示时间、地点或原因，并且需要充当状语，那么应选用相应的关系副词（when, where, why）。
如果代入后，发现需要用一个“介词+先行词”的结构才能在从句中充当状语（如“通过这种方式”、“在那之后”），则考虑“介词+which/whom”结构。
第三步：综合判断，确定关系词。
结合第一步的先行词性质（指人、指物、时间、地点等）和第二步判断的从句所缺成分，在对应的关系词类别中做出最终选择。简单来说：
缺主语/宾语/表语时：
先行词指人，用 who/that（作宾语时可用whom）。
先行词指物，用 which/that。
缺定语（表所属），无论先行词指人还是物，都用 whose。
缺状语时：
先行词表时间，用 when 或 “介词+which”。
先行词表地点，用 where 或 “介词+which”。
先行词是reason，用 why 或 “for which”。
考向02 名词性从句考点
核心定位： 名词性从句是句子的“名词性组件”，其功能相当于一个名词，在复合句中充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语。在语法填空中，该考点主要考查考生根据从句在主句中的成分以及从句本身的句子完整性，精准选用连接词（从属连词、连接代词、连接副词）的能力。
一、 主要设题形式与例句
1. 考查从属连词 that 与 whether/if 的辨析（高频基础）
例句: The latest evidence leaves no doubt that climate change is accelerating, but scientists still debate whether/if its local impacts can be precisely predicted.
考查实质：第一个空格，that引导同位语从句，对抽象名词doubt进行内容说明，从句本身意思完整，仅起连接作用。第二个空格，whether/if引导宾语从句，意为“是否”，表示不确定性的争论焦点。关键在于判断从句是否含有“是否”的疑问意义，以及主句动词（如debate, discuss, doubt）是否要求。
2. 考查连接代词 what 的用法（“所…的”）
例句: What impressed the judges most was not the complexity of the design but the creator’s deep understanding of what users truly needed.
考查实质：第一个What引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语，意为“所打动评委的事情”。第二个what引导宾语从句，作of的宾语，并在其引导的从句中作宾语，意为“用户真正所需要的东西”。what相当于“the thing(s) that”，必须在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
3. 考查连接副词 when, where, why, how（从句主谓完整）
例句: The research focuses on how cultural values shape consumer behavior, which explains why certain marketing strategies fail across regions.
考查实质：第一个空格，how引导宾语从句，意为“如何塑造”，从句主谓宾齐全(values shape behavior)，缺少方式状语。第二个空格，why引导宾语从句，意为“为何失败”，从句主谓完整(strategies fail)，缺少原因状语。解题关键是确认从句主谓结构已完整，仅缺状语成分。
4. 考查“介词+名词性从句”结构
例句: The success of the project depends largely on who will be in charge of the team and how much budget we can secure.
考查实质：空格位于介词on之后，需要宾语。who引导的名词性从句作介词宾语，同时who在从句中作主语。how引导并列的宾语从句，how much修饰budget，在从句中作定语。考查了连接词在介词后的应用，以及连接代词与连接副词的区别。
5. 考查 it 作形式主语/宾语， that/whether 从句后置
例句: The experts consider it essential that all data be double-checked before publication, making it unclear whether the current findings are reliable.
考查实质：第一个it作consider的形式宾语，真正的宾语是that引导的从句。第二个it作making的形式宾语，真正宾语是whether引导的从句。这种结构常用于保持句子平衡。关键在于识别动词(consider, find, make)+it+adj./n.+that...这一固定句型。
二、 核心解题思路与步骤
两步破题法：定成分 → 析从句
第一步：确定从句在主句中的成分。
分析空格所在的从句部分，在整个主句中充当什么角色。
位于句首或 It is... that... 结构中 → 可能是主语从句。
位于及物动词或介词之后 → 可能是宾语从句。
位于系动词 (be, seem, remain) 之后 → 可能是表语从句。
位于抽象名词 (fact, idea, news, doubt) 之后，且对该名词进行内容解释 → 可能是同位语从句。
第二步：分析从句内部的完整性，选择连接词。
这是选择具体连接词的关键。分析名词性从句本身的句子结构：
1. 从句主谓宾结构完整，不缺任何成分：
仅起连接作用，用 that（通常可省略，但引导主语、表语、同位语从句时一般不省）。
表示“是否”，用 whether（可与or not连用）或 if（仅用于引导宾语从句且不置于句首）。
2. 从句缺少主语、宾语或表语：
指代事物，用 what（“……的东西/事情”）。
指代人，用 who（主格）、whom（宾格）、whose（所有格）。
指代特定范围的人或物，用 which（“……的那一个”）。
3. 从句主谓结构完整，但缺少状语：
缺少时间状语，用 when。
缺少地点状语，用 where。
缺少原因状语，用 why。
缺少方式状语，用 how。
考向03 状语从句考点
核心考点实质：状语从句是句子的“状语性组件”，其功能相当于一个副词，在复合句中修饰主句的谓语动词、形容词或整个句子，表示时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较等逻辑关系。在语法填空中，该考点主要考查考生根据主句与从句之间的逻辑关系以及从句本身的引导词特性，精准选用从属连词的能力。
一、 主要设题形式与例句
1. 考查时间、原因、条件等基础逻辑关系判断
例句: When the final data was analyzed, the team realized they had made a groundbreaking discovery, because the results contradicted all previous assumptions.
考查实质：第一个空格，从句“最终数据被分析时”表示主句动作“意识到”发生的时间点，需用时间连词When。第二个空格，从句“结果与之前所有假设相悖”是主句“意识到”内容的原因，需用原因连词because。考查对句子间最基础逻辑关系的识别。
2. 考查让步状语从句连词 (although, though, even if)
例句: Although/Though the initial investment is considerable, the long-term benefits, even if they are not immediately visible, will far outweigh the costs.
考查实质：第一个空格，主句“长期收益巨大”与从句“初期投资可观”构成转折让步关系，需用Although/Though。第二个空格，even if引导的插入语成分，表示“即使它们不能立即显现”，是更深一层的让步。考查对“虽然，即使”等让步关系的把握及连词在插入语中的运用。
3. 考查目的 (so that/in order that) 与结果 (so...that/such...that) 状语从句的辨析
例句: The researcher designed multiple control experiments so that every variable could be isolated, and the outcome was so compelling that it left no room for doubt.
考查实质：第一个空格，从句“每个变量都能被分离”是主句“设计多个对照实验”的目的，需用目的连词so that。第二个空格，so...that...结构连接，“如此有说服力”导致“不容置疑”的结果。关键在于区分so that（目的）和so...that...（结果），以及so（修饰形容词/副词）与such（修饰名词）的搭配。
4. 考查方式 (as, as if) 与比较 (than, as...as) 状语从句
例句: In scientific inquiry, one must proceed as the evidence guides, just as a sailor navigates by the stars. The process is often more complex than it appears as if every step could lead to unexpected puzzles.
考查实质：第一个as引导方式状语从句，“如同证据所指引的那样”。第二个as是as...as...比较结构的一部分。than引导比较状语从句，与more complex呼应。as if引导方式状语从句，表示“仿佛”。此题综合考查了易混连词在不同语境下的具体用法。
5. 考查连词在省略结构与非谓语形式中的运用
例句: While (he was) analyzing the samples, he noticed an anomaly. He paused, as if (he were) to double-check his instrument, before proceeding as (he had been) instructed.
考查实质：考查状语从句的省略形式。当从句主语与主句一致，且含有be动词时，可省略主语和be动词。While后省略了he was；as if后省略了he were；as后省略了he had been。解题关键是识别出主从句主语一致且从句为“主语+be”的结构，从而判断空格处应填哪个从属连词。
二、核心解题思路与步骤
两步破题法：判逻辑 → 选连词
第一步：判断主从句之间的逻辑关系。
这是解题的根本。仔细阅读空格前后的主句和从句（或意群），分析从句是为主句动作提供时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式还是比较的说明。
关键技巧：寻找语义上的逻辑关键词。例如，前后句意相反用让步(although)，前句是后句的目的用目的(so that)，前因后果用原因(because)或结果(so...that)。
第二步：根据关系类别和从句特征，选择从属连词。
确定逻辑关系后，在对应的连词库中选择，并注意以下特例与固定搭配：
1. 时间关系：when, while, as, before, after, since, until, as soon as。注意when（点时间），while（段时间，且主从句动作同时进行），as（伴随，“一边……一边”）。
2. 条件关系：if, unless（除非，相当于 if not）, as/so long as（只要）。
3. 让步关系：although/though（虽然），even if/though（即使），while（尽管，常放句首）。
4. 原因关系：because, since, as, for。注意because语气最强，回答“why”；since/as常表已知原因；for为并列连词，表补充说明。
5. 目的关系：so that, in order that。从句中常含can/could/may/might。
6. 结果关系：so...that..., such...that...。注意so修饰形容词/副词，such修饰名词。
7. 方式与比较：as（按照，如同），as if/though（仿佛），than（比），as...as...（和……一样）。
考向01 定语从句考点
【例1-1】(河北省邢台市信都区2025-2026学年高三上学期期中英语试题节选)
Yu Zemin, Chinese translator of Krasznahorkai’s Satantango, revealed the author frequently consumed Chinese food, listened to Beijing opera, 3 and consistently referenced China in conversations. The writer particularly valued ancient Chinese philosophy, repeatedly studying Tao Te Ching 4 he considered “ultimate wisdom”.
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：克劳斯纳霍尔凯《撒旦探戈》的中文译者于泽民透露，这位作家经常吃中国菜，听京剧，并且在谈话中经常提到中国。这位作家特别重视中国古代哲学，反复研读他认为“终极智慧”的《道德经》。“ 4 he considered “ultimate wisdom””为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tao Te Ching，指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。
【例1-2】(贵州省贵阳市2025-2026学年高三上学期质量监测英语试题节选)
Human-elephant conflict resulting 6 from this is a leading cause of elephant death, as 70% of the population now lives outside protected areas. These interactions can lead to substantial damage, as seen in China 7 the herd caused an estimated $1.1 million in losses.
【答案】where
【详解】7．考查定语从句。句意：由此引发的人象冲突成为大象死亡的主因——如今70%的象群生活在保护区外。此类冲突可能造成巨大损失，例如象群在中国造成的经济损失预估达110万美元。此处引导定语从句，先行词为China，在定语从句中作地点状语，故应用where引导。故填where。
【例1-3】(重庆市第八中学校2025-2026学年高三上学期月考英语试题节选)
For over 35 years, he has practiced and taught five-element acupuncture, 4 aims are to restore bodily harmony and keep the balance of yin and yang rather than just treat symptoms.
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：35年来，他一直从事并教授五行针灸，其目的是恢复身体和谐、保持阴阳平衡，而不仅仅是治疗症状。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是“five-element acupuncture”，在从句中作定语，修饰“aims”，用关系代词“whose”。故填whose。
【变式1-1】（上海市青浦区2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题节选）
That’s no surprise, considering that his ideas came out of the 18th-century marketplace, in 1 producers and consumers were likely to be neighbours. ………
………These middlemen, including Big Tech platforms like Amazon, make it possible for us to buy goods made 4 on the other side of the world, but this connective power is threatening accountability by creating so much separation between buyers and sellers 5 it’s impossible to match up with the real cost of convenience and low prices. ……..
……….The two big questions are how to create system change and 8 will bear the cost of it. There are no simple answers to 9 either of the questions, though technology offers new possibilities to connect buyers and sellers.
【答案】1．which 5．that 8．who
【详解】1．考查定语从句。句意：这很正常，毕竟他的理念源于18世纪的市场——那时的生产者和消费者很可能是邻居。空处为定语从句的关系词；先行词为“marketplace”，在定语从句中担当介词“in”后的宾语，用关系代词“which”引导。故填which。
5．考查状语从句。句意：包括亚马逊等大型科技平台在内的这些中间商，让我们得以购买到产自世界另一端的商品，但这种连接能力却在削弱问责制——它在买家和卖家之间制造了巨大的隔阂，使得人们根本无法知晓便利与低价背后的真实成本。空处为结果状语从句的引导词，构成搭配：so…that…，意为“如此……以至于……”，符合句意。故填that。
8．考查表语从句。句意：两个核心问题是：如何推动体系变革？变革的成本该由谁承担？空处为表语从句的引导词；根据句意可知，表语从句缺少主语，表示“人”，用“who”引导。故填who。
【变式1-2】（高中英语语法与高考考法定语从句专题节选）
People who live far away from beaches, sometimes never get an opportunity to visit the beach or take dips in the water. An educational program in Australia is changing that for local children from the bush (荒野), 1 see and swim in the ocean for the first time.
The children, 2 ages range from eight to fifteen, participate in the volunteer-led Bush to Beach program. The students travel 700 kilometers to South Narrabeen near Sydney. Bush to Beach, 3 was founded by Jack Cannons in 2006, brings up to 50 outback (内陆的) kids to the beach for a three-day surf camp to learn new skills, and to build confidence in an environment 4 is totally new to them, according to the organization. These children have to travel a 10-hour bus ride to the beach, 5 they can have much fun. To qualify for the program, the children are trying their best to maintain the good school attendance and behavior.
【答案】1．who 2．whose 3．which 4．which/that 5．where
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了澳大利亚的一项教育计划Bush to Beach，让来自丛林的当地儿童第一次看到并在海洋中游泳。
1．考查定语从句。句意：澳大利亚的一项教育计划正在改变这一现状，让来自丛林的当地儿童第一次看到并在海洋中游泳。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰local children；先行词local children指人，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，因此设空处应用关系代词who。故填who。
2．考查定语从句。句意：这些孩子的年龄从8岁到15岁不等，他们参加了由志愿者领导的Bush to Beach项目。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词children指人，其与age间构成所属关系，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作定语，因此设空处应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
3．考查定语从句。句意：据该组织介绍，2006年由Jack Cannons创立的Bush to Beach组织带了多达50名内陆孩子到海滩参加为期三天的冲浪夏令营，学习新技能，并在一个对他们来说完全陌生的环境中建立信心。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Bush to Beach指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，故设空处应用关系代词which。故填which。
4．考查定语从句。句意同上。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰environment；先行词environment指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。
5．考查定语从句。句意：这些孩子必须乘坐10个小时的公共汽车去海滩，在那里他们可以玩得很开心。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中主谓宾成分完整，先行词beach与地点相关，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，故应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
考向02 名词性从句考点
【例2-1】(2026届浙江省台州高三一模英语试题节选)
In recent years, more young 8 professionals (profession) have joined the museum's restoration teams, including Jin Dazhao, 34, from the metal artifacts group. Jin believes that restoring cultural relics is not simply mending 9 is broken, but about continuing a chain of human creativity and memory.
【答案】what
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：近年来，更多年轻的专业人士加入了博物馆的修复团队，包括34岁来自金属文物组的金大钊。金认为，修复文物不仅仅是修补破损的东西，而是延续人类创造力和记忆的链条。此处为宾语从句，作mending的宾语，从句中缺少主语，且指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填what。
【例2-2】(广东省深圳市宝安第一外国语学校2025-2026学年高三上学期期中调研考试英语试题节选)
What’s more, static electricity is more common in the winter than in the summer. This is 6 the air is typically drier in the winter, and dry air doesn’t conduct electricity as well as moist air.
【答案】because
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：这是因为冬天的空气通常更干燥，而干燥的空气导电性能不如潮湿的空气。此处引导表语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，但句意不完整，结合句意，此处表示“因为”，用连接词because。故填because。
【变式2-1】(河南省郑州市第一中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中英语试题节选)
Since I moved to China in September 2024, I’ve found exactly 1 I was looking for when I left Italy: a change — how people get around in daily life.
【答案】what
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：自从2024年9月搬到中国以来，我找到了离开意大利时一直在寻找的东西：一种改变——人们日常生活中的出行方式。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，作was looking for的宾语，指物，应用连接代词what引导从句。故填what。
【变式2-2】 (2025-2026浙江英语学业水平考试合格考总复习专题节选)
3 Holes tells is the story of Stanley Yelnats, a boy born into a poor family. Yelnats is accused 4 (accuse) of a crime he didn’t commit.
【答案】what
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：《别有洞天》讲述的是斯坦利·耶尔纳茨的故事，一个出生在贫困家庭的男孩。“___3___ Holes tells”为主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指“……的事情”，所以用what引导，位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。
【变式2-3】(2025-2026浙江英语学业水平考试合格考总复习专题节选)
Does this mean medications and lifestyle methods, with further research, can also be devised to help 10 ages too rapidly and is at risk of contracting age-related diseases like hypertension and Alzheimer’s You never know.
【答案】whoever
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这是否意味着，通过进一步的研究，药物和生活方式也可以被设计出来，帮助那些衰老过快、有患高血压和阿尔茨海默氏症等与年龄有关的疾病风险的人？此处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，且表示“无论谁”应用whoever。故填whoever。
考向03 状语从句考点
【例3-1】(四川省达州市高级中学等部分校2025-2026学年高一上学期期中联考英语试题节选)
Sometimes, 6 the difference in sound is clear enough, learners make the mistake of pronouncing it the same way.
【答案】although/though/while
【详解】考查状语从句连词。句意：有时，尽管声音上的差异足够明显，学习者还是会犯同样的发音错误。此处表示让步关系，用although/though/while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”。故填although/though/while。
【例3-2】（上海市青浦区2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题节选）
These middlemen, including Big Tech platforms like Amazon, make it possible for us to buy goods made on 4 the other side of the world, but this connective power is threatening accountability by creating so much separation between buyers and sellers 5 it’s impossible to match up with the real cost of convenience and low prices.
【答案】that
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：包括亚马逊等大型科技平台在内的这些中间商，让我们得以购买到产自世界另一端的商品，但这种连接能力却在削弱问责制——它在买家和卖家之间制造了巨大的隔阂，使得人们根本无法知晓便利与低价背后的真实成本。空处为结果状语从句的引导词，构成搭配：so…that…，意为“如此……以至于……”，符合句意。故填that。
【例3-3】（2020年新课标全国三卷）
___65____ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66.___ point _ (point) down the river.
【答案】When/As
【解析】考查连接词。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
【变式3-1】（安徽省“江淮十校”高三上学期第一次联考英语试题节选）
A new study sheds light on what’s going on inside our brains 2 we match our music to our feelings.
【答案】when/as
【详解】这是一考查时间状语从句中的连词。句意:一项新的研究阐明了当我们将所听的音乐与心中感受配对的时候我们大脑里到底发生了什么。根据句意，这是个时间状语从句。由于空格后句子使用的是一般现在时，所以空格处连词when/as。
【变式3-2】（2026届浙江省永嘉中学高三上学期第一次联考模拟英语试题节选）
To expand production to industrial levels, scientists will need to design and produce large-scale bases for growing engineered plants and obtaining oil is a challenge. Shanklin says, 10 duckweed is a non-mainstream crop without much existing infrastructure.
【答案】because
【详解】考查状语从句连词。句意：尚克林说，因为浮萍是一种非主流作物，没有太多的现有基础设施。空处引导原因状语从句，需用because引导。故填because。
【变式3-3】（四川省成都列五中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中英语试题节选）
Hosted by China Media Group, the event is part of the ongoing 27th Shanghai International Film Festival running from June 13 to the coming Sunday. 3 this year celebrates the 120th anniversary of Chinese cinema, the event paid tribute (致敬) to a number of seasoned actors 4and applauded works while introducing new works that continue to tell good stories.
【答案】Since/As/Because
【详解】考查连词。句意：由于今年是中国电影120周年，此次活动向多位资深演员致敬，称赞他们的作品，同时介绍了继续讲述好故事的新作品。“this year celebrates the 120th anniversary of Chinese cinema”是原因，用since/as/because引导原因状语从句，句首单词首字母大写。故填Since/As/Because。
专题01 高考真题练
A
（2024年新课标全国Ⅱ卷英语真题）
Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, 1 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common 2 (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about 3 (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways 4 Romeo and Juliet.”
A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 5 (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, 6 (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international 7 (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 8 (find)the connection between the two great writers.
9 (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 10 see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
【答案】
1．who 2．themes 3．were 4．to 5．inspired 6．was built 7．visibility 8．to find 9．Recalling 10．and
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国明代戏曲家汤显祖与英国戏剧家莎士比亚之间的联系和共同点，并展示了这种联系如何被纪念和展示在莎士比亚的故乡斯特拉特福德，且说明了这种联系对于提高斯特拉特福德国际知名度的重要性。
1．考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。
2．考查名词的数。句意：莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说，尽管他们从未见过面，但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词“are”可判断，本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。
3．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。
4．考查固定短语。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”固定短语：be similar to，意为“和……相似”，符合句意。故填to。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。
6．考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。
7．考查名词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名词形式，visibility“知名度”为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式担当状语；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。
10．考查连词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”空前“hear the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang’s play was being performed”为并列结构，用and连接。故填and。
B
（2023年新课标全国Ⅱ卷英语真题）
Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals
Since June 2017, right before the 1 (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 2 (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English 3
Not the pandas, even though 4 language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 5 (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give 6 (interview) in English with international journalists. This is 7 they need an English trainer.
So, what are they learning 8 (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 9 to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I 10 (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
【答案】
1．arrival 2．confident 3．with 4．the 5．visiting 6．interviews 7．why 8．Basically 9．and 10．wished
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在柏林动物园教英语，大家都很疑惑，作者对此做出了解答。
1．考查名词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。故填arrival。
2．考查形容词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空处和前文的comfortable并列，作并列表语，应用形容词形式，confidence的形容词形式是confident。故填confident。
3．考查介词。句意：他们和谁说英语？分析句子结构可知，这道题的语序可以看成they speak English 　　　　　　 who，句子中有主语they，speak后有宾语，而who缺少一个介词，who做介词的宾语，又根据句意可推知，此处强调“与某人交流”，应用固定搭配：speak with sb.。故填with。
4．考查冠词。句意：不是熊猫，尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。分析句子结构可知，此处特指用于医学训练指导使用的语言，表特指，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
5．考查形容词。句意：他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语；visit对应的形容词为visiting“来访的”。故填visiting。
6．考查名词的数。句意：他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，interview意为“采访”为可数名词，不止一段采访，应用复数形式。故填interviews。
7．考查表语从句。句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。故填why。
8．考查副词。句意：基本上，如何描述熊猫的生活。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后整个句子，应该用副词修饰，basic的副词形式是basically位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Basically。
9．考查连词。句意：我很荣幸能看到熊猫项目的发展，看到熊猫们在新家安顿下来。分析句子结构可知，“to watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”两者是并列关系，应该用and连接。故填and。
10．考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。
C
（2023年全国甲卷英语真题）
For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 1 (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 2 (six) century, B．C． Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 3 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, 4 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, 5 (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 6 (intend) for everyone.
7 (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 8 saving their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty 9 (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still 10 (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
【答案】
1．to teach 2．sixth 3．as 4．where 5．borrowing 6．intended 7．Different 8．for 9．warning 10．be employed
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
2．考查数词。句意：寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。
3．考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。
4．考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的重要信息。be intended for打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。
7．考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from与……不同，所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。
8．考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility for对……负责。故填for。
9．考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。
10．考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的文字形式已经流传了几个世纪，今天仍然可以用来引起人们对重要真理的注意。从句主语a simple literal form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。
专题02 优秀模拟题
A
(江苏省苏州市2025-2026学年高三上学期期中阳光调研英语试题)
In Wuhan, drones (无人机) are now replacing the traditional “spidermen” for cleaning the glass curtain walls of high-rise buildings. This 1 (innovate) offers a more efficient, cost-effective, and stable alternative to the dangerous human work.
Developed by Wuhan-based startup Aero Technology, the drone operates on the most ideal route and achieves precise control of the nozzle (喷嘴) angle and pressure, 2 (adapt) to various building surfaces and thus covering 99 percent of the cleaning areas. Also, compared to traditional workers, the drone boosts efficiency 3 20 times.
Safety is significantly enhanced. 4 (Operate) from the ground, the drone minimizes risks, resists level-7 winds, and can work on rainy days, addressing the high accident rate and weather limitations of traditional methods.
After cleaning is completed, it 5 (send) images to ground staff for check. If the standard is not met, the cleaning process is repeated. Subsequently, a cleaning report and a “health record” of the building can 6 (generate) and delivered to the client. After the drone returns to the ground, specialized equipment is used to collect and treat the wastewater.
The rise of the drone cleaning industry does not simply replace traditional jobs 7 creates new, safer, and more technically 8 (demand) roles, such as drone pilots, observers, safety managers, and equipment maintenance technicians.
According to Ding Jiahao, 9 drone pilot at the company, operating a cleaning drone requires knowledge of cleaning techniques, familiarity with building structures, and experience in operating in urban environments densely packed with high-rises, 10 places extremely high demands on precise positioning, obstacle avoidance, and stability.
【答案】
1．innovation 2．adapting 3．by 4．Operated 5．sends 6．be generated 7．but 8．demanding 9．a 10．which
【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了武汉用无人机替代传统“蜘蛛人”清洁高层建筑玻璃幕墙这一创新方式及其优势、行业影响等内容。
1．考查名词。句意：这一创新为危险的人工工作提供了更高效、更具成本效益且更稳定的替代方案。根据“This”以及“offers”可知，此空应是名词innovation，作主语。故填innovation。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：由武汉初创企业Aero Technology研发的这款无人机按最理想路线运行，实现对喷嘴角度和压力的精准控制，适应各种建筑表面，从而覆盖99%的清洁区域。the drone与adapt是主谓关系，此空应是现在分词adapting，作状语。故填adapting。
3．考查介词。句意：此外，与传统工人相比，无人机的效率提高了20倍。根据“20 times”可知，此处是固定用法“by+倍数”，表示“增加了……倍”。故填by。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：从地面操作，无人机将风险降至最低，能抵御 7 级风，还可在雨天作业，解决了传统方法事故率高和天气限制的问题。the drone与operate是动宾关系(无人机被操作)，应用过去分词operated，作状语，句首单词首字母应大写。故填Operated。
5．考查时态语态。句意：清洁完成后，它会向地面工作人员发送图像以进行检查。it (指代无人机)与send是主谓关系，描述无人机的工作流程和客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语it是单数，谓语应用sends。故填sends。
6．考查被动语态。句意：随后，可生成清洁报告和建筑的“健康记录”并交付给客户。a cleaning report and a ‘health record’与generate是动宾关系，应用被动语态，情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be generated。
7．考查连词。句意：无人机清洁行业的兴起不仅仅是取代传统工作，还创造了新的、更安全且技术要求更高的岗位，如无人机飞行员、观察员、安全经理和设备维护技术人员。根据“not simply”以及句意可知，此处是固定句型not simply... but (also)...，表示“不仅……而且……”。故填but。
8．考查形容词。句意：无人机清洁行业的兴起不仅仅是取代传统工作，还创造了新的、更安全且技术要求更高的岗位，如无人机飞行员、观察员、安全经理和设备维护技术人员。此空修饰名词 roles，应用形容词demanding作定语，表示“要求高的”。故填demanding。
9．考查冠词。句意：据该公司的一名无人机飞行员丁佳豪介绍，操作清洁无人机需要了解清洁技术、熟悉建筑结构，还要有在高楼林立的城市环境中作业的经验，这对精准定位、避障和稳定性提出了极高的要求。drone pilot是可数名词单数，此处表泛指，且drone以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。
10．考查定语从句。句意：据该公司的一名无人机飞行员丁佳豪介绍，操作清洁无人机需要了解清洁技术、熟悉建筑结构，还要有在高楼林立的城市环境中作业的经验，这对精准定位、避障和稳定性提出了极高的要求。此空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
B
(山东省潍坊市2025-2026学年高三上学期期中阶段性检测英语试题)
Zhong Mo Yuan (The Ink-Sown Garden), a TV series devoted to advocating the thousand-year-old Xuan paper culture, was 1 (public) announced to have started shooting on Sept. 21 in the city of Xuancheng in Anhui province, with 2 80-day filming schedule, according to the producers.
Produced by China Central Television, the story, directed by Song Yeming, 3 (follow) a young woman who quits her job in Beijing to leave for her hometown and care for her unwell mother. After landing a position 4 a local government official, she discovers that 5 the traditional Xuan paper industry is faced with now is the increasing danger of decline.
Determined to revive it, she launches 6 (initiative) such as developing Xuan paper notebooks, securing orders for Xuan wallpaper in Beijing, and 7 (organize) a cultural festival promoting the “four treasures of the study” — a traditional term referring to the brush, ink, paper and inkstone.
Xuan paper, well-known for its exceptional quality, longevity and vital role in Chinese calligraphy and painting, is a widely 8 (recognize) cultural symbol.
Director Song revealed he 9 (draw) to the series’ unique structure and characters, especially its viewpoint of a grassroots government official. He was also attracted by the 10 (drama) tension within a family of Xuan paper craftsmen as they tackle the challenges of guarding traditions, passing down their craft and innovating for the future.
【答案】
1．publicly 2．an 3．follows 4．as 5．what 6．initiatives 7．organizing 8．recognized 9．was drawn/had been drawn 10．dramatic
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。《播种墨香园》展宣纸文化，女主归乡振兴传统行业，守护传承与创新并行，彰显基层担当与文化自信。
1．考查副词。句意：电视连续剧《播种墨香园》致力于弘扬千年宣纸文化，已于9月21日在安徽宣城公开开机，拍摄周期为80天。public是形容词，需要变成副词修饰谓语was announced。故填publicly。
2．考查冠词。句意：电视连续剧《播种墨香园》致力于弘扬千年宣纸文化，已于9月21日在安徽宣城公开开机，拍摄周期为80天。80-day filming schedule是个可数名词单数短语，应添加冠词；80-day以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an，故填an。
3．考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：该剧由中央电视台出品，宋业明执导，讲述一位年轻女子辞去北京工作回乡照顾病母的故事。follow在句中充当谓语，其主语the story为单数，全文用一般现在时，故填follows。
4．考查介词。句意：担任基层干部后，她发现当前宣纸行业正面临日益严峻的衰退危机。land a position as为固定搭配，意为“担任”，故填as。
5．考查主语从句。句意：担任基层干部后，她发现当前宣纸行业正面临日益严峻的衰退危机。这个句子是个主语从句，从句缺主语且指事物，用what引导，故填what。
6．考查名词复数。句意：为振兴宣纸，她推出多项举措：开发宣纸笔记本、拿下北京宣纸壁纸订单，并策划推广“文房四宝”的文化节。launch后接名词，initiative为可数名词，需用复数来指代后文提到的多种举措，故填initiatives。
7．考查动名词。句意：为振兴宣纸，她推出多项举措：开发宣纸笔记本、拿下北京宣纸壁纸订单，并策划推广“文房四宝”的文化节。and连接并列动名词，和前文的developing以及securing共同作介词as的宾语，故填organizing。
8．考查过去分词充当定语。句意：宣纸以其卓越品质、耐久性及在书画中的核心作用，成为广受认可的文化符号。横线前有冠词后有名词，这里需要填入形容词，应该将recognize变成过去分词，从而充当定语修饰名词symbol。故填recognized。
9．考查动词时态。句意：宋业明导演表示，他被该剧独特的结构和角色所吸引，尤其欣赏其从一名基层政府官员的视角展开故事。draw是动词，充当宾语从句谓语，在这里意思是“吸引”；主语he与draw为被动，根据主句谓语revealed可知，可用一般过去时或过去完成时，故填was drawn或者had been drawn。
10．考查形容词。句意：宣纸工匠家庭在守护传统、传承技艺与面向未来创新之间所面临的那种戏剧张力也深深吸引了他。修饰名词tension需用形容词，故填dramatic。
C
(2026届江苏省南京市鼓楼区南京市第二十九中学高三上学期第一次模拟考试英语试卷)
Cliffside Café in China Serves Heart-stopping Coffee
Ye Kunkun spent 398 yuan on a special iced Americano at a rural café in southeastern China. That’s no ordinary price. But this is no ordinary coffee shop. 1 distinguishes it is a wooden bench settled an astonishing 70 meters above the sea with breathtaking coastal views.
The 30-year-old Ye climbed down from the 2 (tower) 130-meter cliff—about 43 stories high— along a via ferrata route with metal steps secured to the rock face, while a coach guided her along the way. “I was scared at first when I saw the cliff right ahead of me,” Ye recalled days later. “But my fear faded away as soon as the coach went first and led me.”
It took her 30 minutes to reach the spot, 3 a sign on the cliffside reads “Gushi Cliff Coffee.” The café 4 (name) after the town it’s located near—Gushi village in Fuzhou, the capital of southeastern Fujian province.
The village—a previously 5 (famous) place featuring bunches of ancient stone houses that guard against coastal winds— 6 (see) bubble tea shops, homestays and camping sites emerge in recent years as the local government pushes for rural tourism.
Once at the spot, Ye’s climbing guide served up the pre-made coffee and captured photos of Ye seated on the edge of a carpet-covered bench, coffee in hand, legs 7 (hang) over the sharp drop.
Gushi Cliff Coffee has sparked a heated discussion on Chinese social media, as 8 (adventure) visitors share their thrilling experiences online. “Not my cup of tea, but respect those who dare—No way I’d ever go up there!” wrote one Chinese online commenter.
9 mixed opinions online, thrill-seekers keep flooding into this café. Having a drink and striking a pose are just the basics of the fun on the cliffside bench. 10 (back) by the local government with a grant of 1.5 million yuan, the village café is expected to support China’s rural revival efforts. In one of Xue’s Xiaohongshu videos, a village r was setting up a stall outside the café shop during Golden Week.
【答案】
1．What 2．towering 3．where 4．is named 5．unfamous 6．has seen 7．hanging 8．adventurous 9．Despite 10．Backed
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了中国东南部一家乡村咖啡馆——古石崖咖啡馆因其独特的地理位置和惊险的体验而受到游客的欢迎，并在社交媒体上引发了热烈讨论。
1．考查名词性从句。句意：它的独特之处在于一个木制长凳，它被安置在离海70米高的惊人位置，可以欣赏到令人惊叹的海岸景色。空格处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，因此空格处用连接代词what，位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。
2．考查形容词。句意：30岁的叶从高耸的130米悬崖（约43层楼高）沿着一条固定在岩壁上的铁索道下来，一路上有一名教练指导她。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词cliff，表示属性，应使用v-ing形式的形容词，意为“高耸的”。故填towering。
3．考查定语从句。句意：她花了30分钟到达那个地方，那里的悬崖边上有一个牌子，上面写着“古石崖咖啡”。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少状语，先行词spot表示地点，因此空格处用关系副词where引导定语从句，故填where。
4．考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：这家咖啡馆以它所在的城镇命名——福建省省会福州的古石村。空白处在句子中作谓语，因与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，因此空格处是一般现在时的被动语态，故填is named。
5．考查形容词。句意：这个村庄以前是一个不出名的地方，有一大群古老的石头房子，可以抵御海风——近年来，随着当地政府推动乡村旅游，这里出现了泡泡茶店、民宿和露营地。空白处在句子中作定语，使用形容词，根据后文的“as the local government pushes for rural tourism(随着当地政府推动乡村旅游)”可知，这个村庄以前不出名，空格处应填表示“不出名的”含义的表达，故填unfamous。
6．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这个村庄以前是一个不出名的地方，有一大群古老的石头房子，可以抵御海风——近年来，随着当地政府推动乡村旅游，这里出现了泡泡茶店、民宿和露营地。由“in recent years”可知，句子表示的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响，时态用现在完成时，主语village是单数，故填has seen。
7．考查独立主格结构。句意：一到那里，叶的攀岩向导就端上了预先做好的咖啡，并拍下了叶坐在铺着毯子的长凳边缘，手里拿着咖啡，双腿悬在陡峭的悬崖上的照片。句中谓语是“served up and captured”，空格处用非谓语动词，legs和hang之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，构成独立主格结构，故填hanging。
8．考查形容词。句意：古石崖咖啡在中国社交媒体上引发了热烈讨论，喜欢冒险的游客在网上分享他们的惊险经历。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词visitors，adventure的形容词是adventurous，意为“喜欢冒险的”。故填adventurous。
9．考查介词。句意：尽管网上意见不一，但寻求刺激的人还是不断涌入这家咖啡馆。根据“mixed opinions online(网上意见不一)”以及“thrill-seekers keep flooding into this café(寻求刺激的人还是不断涌入这家咖啡馆)”可知，尽管网上意见不一，但寻求刺激的人还是不断涌入这家咖啡馆，空格处应填表示“尽管”含义的介词，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Despite。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：在当地政府150万元的资助下，这家乡村咖啡馆有望支持中国的乡村振兴。分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是is expected，空格处用非谓语动词做状语，因与其逻辑主语the village café之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，空格处用过去分词表被动，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Backed。
D
（河北省名校联考2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题）
As summer vacation drew to a close, national intangible cultural heritage (ICH) venues held diverse activities, giving young visitors a chance 1 (experience) ICH charm through immersive participation.
At the China Traditional Culture Museum in Beijing, Xi’an drum music, 2 originated in the Sui and Tang dynasties (581-907), drew crowds with its graceful and ancient melodies (旋律). Following the performance, experts guided the children in hands-on sessions with traditional musical instruments, offering in-depth insights 3 the lasting appeal of Chinese music. Since the start of the summer vacation, many venues 4 (roll) out cultural promotion activities such as “Meet the Intangible Cultural Heritage” and ICH classes. According to China Central Television, the China Traditional Culture Museum alone hosted nearly 500 events this summer, with a daily average 5 (attend) surpassing 13,000.
At the Zhejiang Intangible Cultural Heritage Museum, young participants wearing aprons 6 (attentive) learned the blue printing and dyeing technique from inheritors. Due to variations in tying, each piece of tie-dye work became 7 unique artwork. The museum organized 90 such exhibitions, demonstrations and hands-on activities over the summer vacation, 8 (attract) more than 5,500 visitors daily on average.
The summer cultural and tourism consumption market has delivered impressive results. According to a cultural tourism report 9 (release) by short-video platform recently, cultural consumption 10 (upgrade) were notable in the summer tourism market.
【答案】
1．to experience 2．which 3．into 4．have rolled 5．attendance 6．attentively 7．a 8．attracting 9．released 10．upgrades
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了夏季假期期间，中国多地非物质文化遗产（ICH）场馆通过多样化活动吸引年轻游客深度参与，展现传统文化魅力，并推动文化旅游消费市场的繁荣。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着暑假接近尾声，国家非物质文化遗产场馆举办了丰富多彩的活动，为年轻游客提供了通过沉浸式参与体验非物质文化遗产魅力的机会。修饰名词chance，常用动词不定式，作后置定语。故填to experience。
2．考查定语从句。句意：在北京中国传统文化博物馆，起源于隋唐时期（581-907年）的西安鼓乐以其优美而古老的旋律吸引了众多观众。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Xi’an drum music，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
3．考查介词。句意：表演结束后，专家们指导孩子们用传统乐器进行实践操作，让他们深入了解中国音乐的持久魅力。固定搭配insight into“对……的深入了解”。故填into。
4．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自暑假开始以来，许多场馆推出了“遇见非物质文化遗产”和非物质文化遗产课程等文化推广活动。空处作句子的谓语，根据时间状语Since the start of the summer vacation可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语venues为复数形式，助动词应用have。故填have rolled。
5．考查名词。句意：据中央电视台报道，仅中国传统文化博物馆今年夏天就举办了近500场活动，日均参观人数超过1.3万人。空处作介词with的宾语，应用名词attendance“观众”，为不可数名词。故填attendance。
6．考查副词。句意：在浙江省非物质文化遗产博物馆，年轻的参与者们穿着围裙，专心致志地向传承人学习蓝印花布染色技艺。空处修饰动词learned，应用attentive的副词形式attentively“专心地，专注地”，作状语。故填attentively。
7．考查冠词。句意：由于扎染的方式不同，每一件扎染作品都成为了一件独特的艺术品。artwork为可数名词，此处泛指“一件独特的艺术品”，且unique发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：暑假期间，博物馆组织了90场此类展览、演示和实践活动，平均每天吸引超过5500名游客。空处作非谓语动词，逻辑主语The museum与attract之间为主动关系，应用现在分词，作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填attracting。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据短视频平台近日发布的一份文化旅游报告，夏季旅游市场的文化消费升级明显。空处修饰名词report，且report与release之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填released。
10．考查名词复数。句意：根据短视频平台近日发布的一份文化旅游报告，夏季旅游市场的文化消费升级明显。空处作句子的主语，upgrade表示“升级”时为可数名词，根据谓语动词were可知，主语应为复数形式。故填upgrades。
E
（海南省海口市琼山区海南中学2025-2026学年高三上学期11月月考英语试题）
Frank Kouwenhoven, a 69-year-old Dutch scholar, has devoted over 20 years to studying Hua’er, a folk song popular in northwest China. Hua’er literally means “flower” in Chinese. This oral art form, expressed in various dialects, originates from lyrics 1 compare women to flowers and has been cherished by nine different ethnic groups for over six hundred years. In 2009, UNESCO recognized Hua’er 2 an intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) of humanity.
Kouwenhoven described Hua’er not only as a living art but also as a 3 (share) passion with his wife. The couple discovered Hua’er in 4 1990s and has then set out on a journey to find the treasure in northwest China.
Just as the couple’s research on Hua’er 5 (bear) fruit, Kouwenhoven’s wife passed away from cancer in 2012, leaving him heartbroken. The Hua’er project was 6 (subsequent) put on hold, becoming an emotional burden he was unwilling to face.
Kouwenhoven returned to Gansu in 2017 after realizing that the best way to honor his late wife was 7 (continue) their joint research on Hua’er.
“As I continued my trip in China, I could sense the presence of my wife beside me. We share numerous common 8 (wish), such as our desire to conquer the highest mountain and bury 9 (we) in the most vibrant Hua’er, ” Kouwenhoven said.
10 (speak) of the future, Kouwenhoven hopes to promote Hua’er overseas. “I have plans to write two books. One about the music and the other about our adventurous trip searching for Hua’er. ”
【答案】
1．that/which 2．as 3．shared 4．the 5．was bearing 6．subsequently 7．to continue 8．wishes 9．ourselves 10．Speaking
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了荷兰学者库文霍芬多年研究中国西北民歌“花儿”的经历与愿景。
1．考查定语从句。句意：这种口头艺术形式用各种方言表达，起源于将女性比作花朵的歌词，六百多年来一直受到九个不同民族的珍视。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词lyrics，且在从句中作主语，指物，所以应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。
2．考查介词。句意：2009年，联合国教科文组织将“花儿”列为人类非物质文化遗产。recognize...as...为固定短语，意为“将……认定为……”，所以空处应用介词as。故填as。
3．考查形容词。句意：库文霍芬不仅将花儿描述为一种鲜活的艺术，还将其描述为与妻子共同的爱好。空处修饰名词passion，应用形容词作定语，share的形容词形式为shared，表示“共同的，共有的”。故填shared。
4．考查冠词。句意：这对夫妇在20世纪90年代发现了“花儿”，然后便踏上了在中国西北寻找这一瑰宝的旅程。in the 1990s为固定用法，意为“在20世纪90年代”，所以空处应用定冠词the。故填the。
5．考查动词时态。句意：就在这对夫妇对“花儿”的研究即将取得成果时，库文霍芬的妻子于2012年因癌症去世，让他心碎不已。结合语境，“研究出成果”是“妻子去世”前即将发生的事，用过去进行时（was/were + doing）可表过去即将达成的状态，主语research为单数名词，所以be动词应用was。故填was bearing。
6．考查副词。句意：“花儿”项目随后被搁置，成为他不愿面对的情感负担。空处修饰动词短语put on hold，应用副词subsequently作状语，意为“随后”。故填subsequently。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：2017年，库文霍芬回到甘肃，意识到纪念已故妻子的最好方式是继续他们对“花儿”的联合研究。空处作表语，且主语为way，所以应用动词不定式短语to continue their joint research on Hua’er作表语，说明the best way的具体内容。故填to continue。
8．考查名词复数。句意：我们有许多共同的愿望，比如我们渴望征服最高的山峰，沉浸在最具活力的“花儿”中。wish意为“愿望”，为可数名词，根据空前numerous“许多的”可知，此处应用其复数形式。故填wishes。
9．考查反身代词。句意：我们有许多共同的愿望，比如我们渴望征服最高的山峰，沉浸在最具活力的“花儿”中。空处作bury的宾语，且与主语指代同一对象，所以应用反身代词ourselves作宾语，bury oneself in为固定短语，意为“沉浸于……”。故填ourselves。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：谈到未来，库文霍芬希望在海外推广“花儿”。speak of为固定短语，意为“谈到”，且空处在句中作状语，与主语Kouwenhoven之间是主动关系，所以应用现在分词作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Speaking。
F
（湖南省长沙市周南中学2025-2026学年高三上学期第三次月考英语试题）
Yang Zhenning, one of the greatest physicists of the 20th century, passed away in Beijing on October 18, 2025, at the age of 103. His life journey, 1 spanned two centuries, was closely tied to the progress of science and his motherland.
In 1957, at 35, Yang became one of the first Chinese to win 2 Nobel Prize in Physics, together with Li Zhengdao. Their 3 (discover) of parity non-conservation in weak interactions brought a great liberation to human understanding of physics. Even more influential is his “Yang-Mills gauge theory” proposed in 1954, 4 (regard) as a cornerstone of modern physics comparable to Maxwell’s equations.
Though living abroad for 5 (decade), Yang always had a deep affection for China. In 1971, he seized the first chance to return to his motherland after 26 years of separation. Deeply moved by China’s achievements in self-reliant development, he became a bridge for Sino-US academic exchanges, inspiring numerous overseas scholars 6 (visit) China.
At 75, Yang joined Tsinghua University and 7 (initiate) the High Energy Physics Research Center. He donated his savings, raised funds, and even taught basic physics to freshmen in his 80s. 8 impressed people most was his adherence to “academics first” — in his center, only lasting academic achievements mattered.
A towering figure in modern science, Yang made groundbreaking contributions to particle physics, field theory, statistical mechanics, and condensed matter physics, reshaping humanity’s understanding of the physical world. Devoted 9 his homeland, he also played a vital role in advancing China’s 10 (science) research and education
【答案】
1．which 2．the 3．discovery 4．regarded 5．decades 6．to visit 7．initiated 8．What 9．to 10．scientific
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。介绍了物理学家杨振宁生平与贡献。
1．考查定语从句。句意：他跨越两个世纪的人生历程，与科学的进步和他的祖国紧密相连。此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词His life journey，作主语，指物，用关系代词which。故填which。
2．考查冠词。句意：1957年，35岁的杨振宁与李政道一起，成为首批获得诺贝尔物理学奖的中国人之一。Nobel Prize是专有名词，前面需用定冠词the。故填the。
3．考查名词。句意：他们关于弱相互作用中宇称不守恒的发现，为人类对物理学的理解带来了极大的解放。形容词性物主代词Their后需接名词，discover的名词形式是discovery，此处指这一发现，用单数即可。故填discovery。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：更具影响力的是他在1954年提出的“杨-米尔斯规范理论”，该理论被视为可与麦克斯韦方程组比肩的现代物理学基石。Yang-Mills gauge theory与regard之间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故填regarded。
5．考查名词复数。句意：尽管在国外生活了数十年，杨振宁始终对中国怀有深厚的感情。for decades是固定搭配，意为“数十年”，decade用复数形式。故填decades。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：他被中国自力更生发展的成就深深打动，成为中美学术交流的桥梁，激励无数海外学者访问中国。“inspire sb. to do sth.”是固定用法，意为“激励某人做某事”，用不定式作宾补。故填to visit。
7．考查动词时态。句意：75岁时，杨振宁加入清华大学，发起成立了高能物理研究中心。and连接并列谓语，根据joined可知，此处用一般过去时。故填initiated。
8．考查主语从句。句意：最让人们印象深刻的是他坚持“学术第一”——在他的中心，只有持久的学术成就才重要。此处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，用what。句首单词首字母大写，故填What。
9．考查介词。句意：他献身祖国，在推动中国科学研究和教育方面也发挥了至关重要的作用。devoted to是固定搭配，意为“献身于；致力于”。故填to。
10．考查形容词。句意：他献身祖国，在推动中国科学研究和教育方面也发挥了至关重要的作用。此处修饰名词research，需用形容词，science的形容词形式是scientific。故填scientific。
G
（安徽省2025-2026学年高三上学期期中大联考英语试卷）
Rising 625 meters above the Beipan River, the Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge in Guizhou province, the world’s tallest, turns 1 was once a two-hour drive across the canyon into a trip of barely two minutes. With its main part 2 (measure) 1,420 meters, it acts as the key link for a new highway 3 winds through one of China’s most mountainous provinces.
To build 4 such a height tested the limits of design and construction. Engineers faced unpredictable weather, sheer cliffs and wind gusts topping 100 kilometers per hour. To meet those challenges, the team relied on 5 series of new technologies, like an intelligent cable-hoisting system guided by the Beidou Navigation Satellite System, which allowed workers 6 (position) steel trusses — the structures that support the deck — with centimeter-level accuracy.
“The job once 7 (require) 40 to 50 workers to watch the process 8 (physical) and communicate by radio,” said Han Hongju, chief engineer of the Guizhou Communications Investment Group. “Now, one or two people in a control room can input coordinates and limit positioning errors within 10 centimeters.”
Beyond the engineering, the bridge is already reshaping local tourism and the economy. Authorities and developers are preparing attractions such as bungee jumping, a cafe atop the bridge tower, and an integrated tourism area 9 (design) to channel income into surrounding communities.
Local officials estimate that 1,000 to 2,000 people were visiting daily even before the bridge opened, with no 10 (admit) fee required.
【答案】
1．what 2．measuring 3．that/which 4．at 5．a 6．to position 7．required 8．physically 9．designed 10．admission
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了贵州省花江大峡谷大桥的技术挑战以及这座大桥的意义。
1．考查宾语从句。句意：位于贵州省的花江大峡谷大桥位于北盘河之上625米，是世界上最高的大桥，它把曾经两小时的车程变成了仅仅两分钟的旅程。空处引导宾语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，应用连接代词what引导，故填what。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：它的主体部分长1420米，是一条新的高速公路的关键环节，这条高速公路蜿蜒穿过中国最山地的省份之一。此处是with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”，measure和its main part之间是主动关系，使用现在分词作宾补，故填measuring。
3．考查定语从句。句意：同上。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是highway，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that/which引导，故填that/which。
4．考查介词。句意：在这么高的地方施工，考验了设计和建造的极限。at such a height“在这样的高度”，固定短语，故填at。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了应对这些挑战，该团队依靠了一系列新技术，比如由北斗导航卫星系统引导的智能电缆提升系统，该系统允许工人以厘米级的精度定位钢桁架——支撑甲板的结构。a series of“一系列”，固定短语，故填a。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”是固定句式，故填to position。
7．考查一般过去时。句意：“这项工作曾经需要40到50名工人亲自观察整个过程，并通过无线电进行沟通，” 贵州交建集团总工程师韩洪举说。结合“once”可知描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，故填required。
8．考查副词。句意：同上。空处修饰动词watch，应用副词作状语，故填physically。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：当局和开发商正在准备一些吸引人的项目，比如蹦极、桥塔顶的咖啡馆，以及一个综合旅游区，旨在将收入引入周边社区。design和area之间是被动关系，使用过去分词作定语，故填designed。
10．考查名词。句意：当地官员估计，在大桥开通之前，每天就有1000到2000人来参观，而且不需要门票。此处应填名词作定语，修饰名词fee，admission fee“门票”，故填admission。
H
（2026届山东省实验中学高三上学期一诊英语试题）
Following the success of “Ne Zha 2”, another Chinese animated film “Nobody” has gone viral. Its box office earnings 1 (total)776 million yuan since its debut on August 2, smashing the record for Chinese-made 2D animated films. On Douban, 2 film review platform known for its stringent(严格的)ratings, the animation has scored an 3 (impress) 8.6, edging out “Ne Zha 2” by 0.1 points.
“Both films are excellent. The former has grand special effects, while the latter excels in storytelling,” a movie-goer 4 surname is Cao said.
5 (base)on the classic “Journey to the West”, the film doesn’t focus on the Monkey King. Instead, it spotlights monsters that appear in the novel. A group of four low-level yaoguais decide to journey west by dressing up 6 Monk Tang’s team. The journey sees them save villagers from evil yaoguais and be remembered as 7 (hero).
“The film puts contemporary themes onto minor yaoguais, 8 (ultimate)crafting a new story,” said producer Chen Liaoyu. Many viewers love 9 (it)sarcastic(讽刺的)take on work culture and focus on minor characters. “The cinema is filled with laughs of kids and adults’ tears,” one Douban comment reads. “As kids, we dreamed of being the Monkey King, only 10 (realize)we’re ordinary yaoguais as adults.”
Professor Liang said Chinese creators reinvent traditional stories while honoring original values.
【答案】
1．have totaled/have totalled 2．a 3．impressive 4．whose 5．Based 6．as 7．heroes 8．ultimately 9．its 10．to realize
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了国产动画电影《浪浪山小妖怪》，介绍了其热度、剧情、观众的反馈以及影评人的评价等内容。
1．考查动词时态。句意：该片自8月2日首映以来，票房总收入

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