资源简介

题型12 完形填空（句内层次题）
题型简介
句内层次题是高考英语完形填空中考查语言微观应用能力的基础题型。该题型要求考生仅依据空格所在句子的内部信息，便能确定正确答案，无需依赖上下文其他句子。
在高考英语完形填空中，句内层次题是衡量学生语言基本功是否扎实的关键标尺。它并非孤立地考查词汇量，而是对学生精准掌握词汇内涵、熟练运用语法结构、敏锐辨析句子内部逻辑关系等核心能力的综合检验。随着高考对语言应用精确性要求的不断提升，确保此类题目的得分率，对于学生构建解题信心、稳固成绩基础具有至关重要的战略意义，是学生在完形填空部分稳健发挥的基石。
该题型主要考查四大方向：根据句子内部逻辑关系选词、根据词汇复现或同现关系选词、根据固定搭配与习惯用法选词以及根据生活常识或文化背景知识选词。
设题类型&解题思路
考向01 根据逻辑关系分析选词
在高考英语完形填空的句内层次题中，“根据逻辑关系分析选词”是核心的考查方向之一。这类题目不单纯测试词汇量，而是聚焦于考生对单个句子内部逻辑脉络的敏锐洞察力与严谨推理能力。其本质是要求考生识别出句子各成分之间隐含或明示的逻辑纽带，并据此推断出空格处唯一合乎逻辑的词语，从而确保句子在意思和结构上达成内在统一与自洽。
1. 并列与递进关系
设题角度：空格前后信息在语义上呈同等重要、并列列举或程度加深的关系。
逻辑标志：and, or, as well as, not only...but also..., besides, moreover, what’s more等。
解题关键：填入的词语须与句中另一成分在词性、色彩（褒贬）或语义范畴上构成平行并列或层层推进。例如，若前文描述积极行动，空格处常需填入另一个积极的、同向的词语。
示例：“The project was not only completed on time but also ___ the highest quality standards.” (该项目不仅准时完成，而且 ___ 最高质量标准。)
解题关键：not only...but also... 连接两个并列的谓语部分。completed（完成）是积极动作，空格处也应填入一个积极的动词，且能与“质量标准”搭配，如 met（达到/符合）或 exceeded（超越）。
2. 转折与对比关系
设题角度：空格处信息与句中已知信息在语义上形成直接对立、矛盾或意外对比。
逻辑标志：but, however, yet, although, though, while, whereas, on the contrary, instead等。
解题关键：这是高频考点。解题时需牢牢把握“转折之后是重点”的原则，明确转折词前后的语义反差，从而选择能构成最鲜明、最合理对比的词语。答案往往与前半句的提示词在情感或方向上相反。
示例：“The dress looked quite expensive, ___ it was actually very affordable.” (这条裙子看起来相当昂贵，___ 它实际上非常便宜。)
解题关键：looked expensive（看起来贵）与 very affordable（很便宜）构成直接的价格对比，空格处需填入表示转折的连词 but。
3. 因果与解释关系
设题角度：空格处或是某事的原因，或是某事导致的结果，或是对前文观点的进一步解释说明。
逻辑标志：because, since, as, for, so, therefore, thus, as a result, so...that..., such...that...等。
解题关键：理清因与果的链条。若空格表“因”，则需在句中寻找“果”的线索；若空格表“果”，则需回溯句中给出的“因”。填入的词语必须能使这种因果关系成立且合乎常理。
示例： “He practiced the violin so diligently that he eventually ___ a place in the orchestra.” (他练习小提琴如此勤奋，以至于最终 ___ 了管弦乐队的一个席位。)
解题关键：so...that... 结构表明，前句“勤奋练习”是“因”，后句是导致的“果”。这个“果”应是积极、应得的结果，如 won（赢得）、secured（获得）或 earned（挣得）。
4. 让步关系
设题角度：先承认或假设某一种情况，但主句引出的结果并不受此情况影响，甚至与之相反。
逻辑标志：although, though, even if, even though, while, in spite of, despite等。
解题关键：把握“让步”与“转折”的呼应。让步从句的内容常为一种障碍或相反预期，主句才是表达的真正核心和结果。空格若设在主句，其语义常需“克服”或“无视”从句提到的障碍。
示例：“___ the heavy rain, the outdoor concert proceeded smoothly as planned.” (___ 大雨，户外音乐会仍按计划顺利进行。)
解题关键：主句 proceeded smoothly（顺利进行）是积极结果，与 the heavy rain（大雨）这一不利条件构成反差。空格处需填入表示“尽管”的介词或短语，如 Despite 或 In spite of。
5. 条件与假设关系
设题角度：空格处信息依赖于句中提出的某种条件或假设才能成立。
逻辑标志：if, unless, once, as long as, provided that等。
解题关键：明确条件与结果之间的必然联系。根据条件的性质（真实条件或虚拟条件），判断结果应有的状态或动作，从而选出最匹配的词语。
示例：“You will surely make great progress ___ you keep up with your current efforts.” (只要你 ___ 保持目前的努力，你一定会取得巨大进步。)
解题关键：主句 make great progress（取得巨大进步）是积极结果，其实现依赖于一个持续性的条件。空格处需填入引导条件状语从句的连词，表示“只要”，如 as long as 或 if。
考向02 根据生活常识或文化背景选词
“根据生活常识或文化背景选词”是一个独特且重要的考查方向。它超越了纯粹的语言知识，重点检验学生将普遍生活经验、基本科学常识或特定文化背景知识应用于具体语境的能力。解题时，考生往往无需复杂分析句子结构，而是需要调用自身知识储备，识别出最符合常理或文化惯例的选项。
1. 基于普遍生活经验与客观规律
设题角度：答案需符合人们在日常生活中观察、体验到的基本规律和常识。
常见语境：描述自然现象、日常活动、身体反应、时间顺序等。
解题关键：调用最基础的生活经验进行判断。
示例： “When you cut an onion, your eyes often start to ___.”
解题关键：根据生活常识，切洋葱会刺激眼睛，导致“流泪”。因此，填入 water（流泪）或 tear up 是最直接、最合理的答案。
2. 基于社会行为规范与场景逻辑
设题角度：答案需符合在特定公共场所或社会场景下，人们普遍遵守的行为准则、惯例或职业要求。
常见语境：校园、医院、图书馆、交通、紧急情况等场景下的行为描述。
解题关键：设想自己身处该场景，依据公序良俗和社会规则进行推理。
示例：“In a library, we should keep our voices down to maintain a quiet ___ for everyone.”
解题关键：图书馆的核心公共规则是保持安静，以维护一个适合阅读的“环境”。因此，填入 environment（环境）或 atmosphere（氛围）符合场景逻辑。
3. 基于特定文化背景知识
设题角度：答案需符合以英语国家为主的主流文化习俗、节日传统或特定象征意义。
常见语境：涉及节日（如圣诞节、感恩节）、饮食文化、礼仪习俗、历史常识等。
解题关键：需积累一定的英美文化常识，理解其文化内涵。
示例：“On Thanksgiving Day, it's a tradition for families to gather and share a roast ___.”
解题关键：了解感恩节文化可知，烤火鸡是节日最经典的传统主菜。因此，填入 turkey（火鸡）是唯一符合文化背景的答案。
4. 基于事物固有属性与功能
设题角度：答案需符合某一事物（工具、物品、场所）的基本功能、属性或使用目的。
常见语境：涉及工具的使用、物品的存放、场所的功能等。
解题关键：从事物的本质用途出发进行思考。
示例：“We use a ___ to erase pencil marks on paper.”
解题关键：根据文具的功能，用来擦除铅笔痕迹的自然是“橡皮”。因此，填入 rubber（英式）或 eraser（美式）。
5. 基于基本科学常识
设题角度：答案需符合基础的自然科学或健康常识。
常见语境：涉及简单的物理、化学、生物或健康养生知识。
解题关键：运用中学阶段的基础科学知识进行判断。
示例：
“Plants need sunlight to carry out ___， which helps them grow.”
解题关键：根据基础生物知识，植物需要阳光进行“光合作用”以制造养分。因此，填入 photosynthesis（光合作用）符合科学常识。
考向03 根据对应成分分析选词
“根据对应成分分析选词”是一种侧重于句子内部语法结构与语义搭配和谐性的考查方式。它要求考生通过分析空格在句中所充当的语法成分（如主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等），并找到与之在形式、意义或逻辑上形成直接呼应的另一成分，从而推断出正确答案。这类题目直接检验考生的基础语法功底与语言的精确感知能力。
1. 主谓搭配关系
设题角度：考查主语与谓语动词之间在语法（如单复数、时态、语态）和语义上的合理匹配。
解题关键：分析主语的性质（人/物、单数/复数、抽象/具体），判断其可能发出或承受的动作。确保谓语动词的形式和意义与主语逻辑自洽。
示例：“The news from the front, along with the vivid images on TV, ___ deep anxiety among the public.”
解题关键：主语为 The news，核心是单数。along with... 引导的是附加成分，不影响主谓一致。因此，谓语动词需用单数形式。同时，“消息”本身会“引起”焦虑，故填入 caused。
2. 动宾搭配关系
设题角度：考查动词与宾语（或介词与宾语）之间是否符合习惯用法和逻辑语义。
解题关键：根据宾语的内容，选择与之最常搭配、能构成合理动作关系的动词或介词。这常涉及固定短语或习惯表达。
示例：“The new policy aims to ___ the gap between urban and rural education resources.”
解题关键：宾语是 the gap（差距）。与“差距”搭配的动词，表示“消除”或“缩小”最为合理，如 bridge（弥合）、narrow（缩小）或 close（消除）。aims to（旨在）体现了政策目的。
3. 修饰关系
设题角度：考查形容词与名词、副词与动词/形容词/句子等修饰语与被修饰成分之间的恰当性。
解题关键：确保修饰语在程度、范围、情感色彩、逻辑上与被修饰的中心词完全匹配。空格处的词必须能精准描述中心词的特征或动作的方式。
示例：“After a ___ debate that lasted for hours, the committee finally reached a consensus.”
解题关键：被修饰的中心词是 debate（辩论），且持续了数小时。因此，填入一个能形容长时间辩论特征的形容词最为合适，如 heated（激烈的）、lengthy（冗长的）或 thorough（彻底的）。
4. 并列结构对应
设题角度：通过 and, or, but, not only...but also... 等并列连词，设置空格使其与句中另一并列成分在词性、形式、语义范畴或色彩上保持平行。
解题关键：识别并列连词，找到与之并列的参照成分，确保填入的词在语法功能和语义类型上与之严格对等。
示例：“A good teacher should be not only knowledgeable ___ also patient and inspiring.”
解题关键：not only...but also... 连接两个并列表语。knowledgeable（知识渊博的）是形容词，描述教师的品质。因此，also 后引导的也应是一系列形容词品质。空格本身是结构词，需填入 but 以构成完整并列结构。
5. 比较结构对应
设题角度：在 than, as...as..., the more...the more... 等比较结构中，考查比较对象、比较结果或程度副词的对应关系。
解题关键：理清比较的双方，确保比较的对象具有可比性。当空格处在比较级或程度状语位置时，需确保其与比较逻辑一致。
示例： “The project was ___ more complex than we had initially anticipated.”
解题关键：more complex 已是比较级，前面需要填入一个修饰比较级的程度副词，表示“远比…得多”。因此，much、far 或 a lot 等为正确选项。
考向04 根据习惯用法或固定搭配选词
“根据习惯用法或固定搭配选词”是考查语言“地道性”和“准确性”的核心方向。这类题目不依赖于上下文逻辑推理，而纯粹检验考生对英语中约定俗成的词组、短语、句型结构的记忆与掌握程度。解题的关键在于识别出空格前后词汇构成的“固定框架”，并据此从记忆中提取唯一或最地道的搭配词。
1. 动词短语
设题角度：考查“动词+小品词（介词/副词）”构成的固定短语，其整体意义往往不等于各部分的简单相加。
逻辑/结构标志：空格前为动词，后接介词或副词；或者空格后为名词/代词，需选择正确的动词和小品词组合。
解题关键：准确记忆常见动词短语的构成及含义（如 give up 放弃， look into 调查）。
示例： “We must ___ the facts before making a decision. Let's look into the matter carefully.”
解题关键：第二句的 look into（调查）直接解释了前一句的行为。因此，前句需要填入一个与 look into 同义或近义的动词短语。look into 的同义短语可以是 investigate 或 examine，但考虑到搭配，更常见的表达是直接使用 look into 或 check out。但原句已给出动词 look，故典型考法是 We must look into the facts...。若需填动词，则填 investigate。
2. 介词固定搭配
设题角度：考查名词、动词、形容词与特定介词构成的固定组合。
逻辑/结构标志：“名词 + ___ + 名词” 或 “动词/形容词 + ___ + 名词/动名词”。
常见结构如：have a gift for（有…天赋），be proud of（为…自豪），depend on（依赖于）。
解题关键：牢记核心词（名、动、形）的“伴侣介词”。
示例：“Her constant dedication ___ her work earned her great respect from colleagues.”
解题关键：名词 dedication（奉献）的固定搭配介词是 to，表示“对…的奉献”。因此，填入 to。
3. 常见句型结构
设题角度：考查一些特定句型中的固定用词，这些句型本身就是一个完整的“搭配框架”。
逻辑/结构标志：如 so...that...（如此…以至于…），such...that...，the more..., the more...（越…越…），not only...but also...（不仅…而且…），prefer to do A rather than do B（宁愿A而不愿B）等。
解题关键：识别句型标志词，补全框架中缺失的部分。
示例： “It was ___ a moving story that everyone in the room was in tears.”
解题关键：that 引导结果状语从句，且前有 a moving story（一个感人的故事），这是“such + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + that...”的经典句型。因此，填入 such。
4. 形容词固定搭配
设题角度：考查形容词与介词、不定式或从句的固定连接方式。
逻辑/结构标志：be + 形容词 + ___ + 宾语，或 be + 形容词 + to do。
解题关键：记忆形容词的后续要求，如 be interested in（对…感兴趣），be full of（充满），be likely to do（可能做某事）。
示例： “He is always very considerate and ready to help, so he is popular ___ his classmates.”
解题关键：形容词 popular（受欢迎的）的固定搭配是 be popular with/among sb.（受…欢迎）。因此，填入 with 或 among。
5. 习语与惯用表达
设题角度：考查英语中一些完整的、不可拆分的习惯用语或俚语。
逻辑/结构标志：结构固定，意义具有整体性，不能按字面理解。
解题关键：依赖平时积累，直接识别并调用。
示例：“Don't worry about the small mistake. It's not the ___ of the world.”
解题关键：习语 It's not the end of the world.（这不是世界末日。/没什么大不了的。）是固定表达。因此，填入 end。
考向01 根据逻辑关系分析选词
【例1-1】（25-26高三上·浙江富阳中学&·三校联考节选）
Each month, Melanie Goldbergo volunteers at the local food bank. This past December, she had the 1 of visiting the Food Bank of the Rio Grande Valley in McAllen, where she’s learned that poverty has a very different 2 in the media compared to real life. Hunger is not just a distant issue; it also 3 in the U.S.,where over 47 million people face food 4 .
During her visit, Melanie helped deliver meals to families who were often 5 to accept help out of concerns for their privacy. Unlike her experiences at home, where food distribution was 6 , the atmosphere in McAllen was messy and more personal.But this allowed her to feel 7 to the community. Below, Melanie shares her 8 on the experience.
1．A．option B．privilege C．freedom D．intention
2．A．expression B．definition C．image D．discovery
3．A．works B．survives C．progresses D．exists
4．A．insecurity B．quality C．addiction D．industry
5．A．cheerful B．ready C．hesitant D．patient
6．A．promised B．valued C．encouraged D．organized
7．A．exposed B．connected C．opposed D．related
8．A．recommendations B．influences C．reflections D．decisions
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．D 7．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了梅兰妮 戈德伯格在当地食品银行做志愿者的经历，通过走访格兰德河谷食品银行，她对贫困与饥饿有了更真实的认知，坚定了为消除饥饿贡献力量的决心。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年12月，她有幸参观了麦卡伦市的格兰德河谷食品银行，在那里她了解到，贫困在媒体上的形象与现实生活大相径庭。A. option选择；B. privilege特权、荣幸；C. freedom自由；D. intention意图。根据后文“of visiting the Food Bank of the Rio Grande Valley in McAllen”可知，她有幸参观了麦卡伦市的格兰德河谷食品银行，“privilege”体现“有幸参与”的珍视感，符合语境。故选B项。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年12月，她有幸参观了麦卡伦市的格兰德河谷食品银行，在那里她了解到，贫困在媒体上的形象与现实生活大相径庭。A. expression表达；B. definition定义；C. image形象；D. discovery发现。根据常识可知，媒体呈现的内容往往是经过加工的“形象”，与真实的贫困状况存在差异，“image”符合“媒体呈现与现实对比”的语境。故选C项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：饥饿不仅仅是一个遥远的问题；它在美国也存在，超过4700万人面临粮食不安全问题。A. works工作；B. survives幸存；C. progresses进步；D. exists存在。根据前文“Hunger is not just a distant issue”可知，前文否定饥饿是“遥远问题”，强调其在美“存在”的客观性，“exists”直接呼应“not just a distant issue”。故选D项。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：饥饿不仅仅是一个遥远的问题；它在美国也存在，超过4700万人面临粮食不安全问题。A. insecurity不安全；B. quality质量；C. addiction上瘾；D. industry产业。根据前文“Hunger is not just a distant issue”可知，超过4700万人面临粮食不安全问题。“food insecurity”为固定表达，指“粮食不安全”，即无法稳定获得足够食物的状态，符合贫困与饥饿的语境。故选A项。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：访问期间，梅兰妮帮助向那些因担心隐私而往往犹豫受帮助的家庭运送食物。A. cheerful愉快的；B. ready准备好的；C. hesitant犹豫的；D. patient耐心的。根据前文“concerns for their privacy”可知，家庭因隐私顾虑会“犹豫”接受帮助，“hesitant”体现其矛盾心态。故选C项。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与她在家乡的经历不同，那里的食品分发很有条理，而麦卡伦的氛围则比较混乱，也更具人情味。A. promised承诺的；B. valued宝贵的；C. encouraged受鼓励的；D. organized有条理的。根据后文“messy”（混乱的）形成对比，家乡的食品分发应是“有条理的”，“organized”符合对比逻辑。故选D项。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这让她感觉与社区紧密相连。A. exposed暴露的；B. connected相连的；C. opposed反对的；D. related相关的。根据前文“the atmosphere in McAllen was messy and more personal”可知，混乱却有人情味的氛围让她更贴近社区居民，“feel connected to”为固定搭配，表“感觉与……相连”，体现情感联结。故选B项。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：下面，梅兰妮分享她对这次经历的感悟。A. recommendations建议；B. influences影响；C. reflections感悟、反思；D. decisions决定。结合后文她对经历的思考与收获，此处指分享“感悟”，“reflections”符合“事后思考总结”的语境。故选C项。
【例1-2】（2026·浙江湖州吴兴区等5地·一模节选）
James Smith has long succeeded in competition, even in snowball fights as a child. Now that he’s 80, his 1 edge has only gotten sharper. “Many have said, ‘You’re crazy,’” said Smith, who visits doctors every few months to check on his 2 . “But they’ve never told me not to 3 .”
Smith not only runs ultramarathons—races longer than 26.2 miles that often take days to 4 —he also sets records. Smith said, “I’ve never really thought of my 5 as an obstacle, I kind of have the 6 of “If somebody else can do it, you know, why can’t I ”
……….
After he finished Badwater Ultramarathon, one of the world’s hardest footraces, Smith told his trainer Michael Johnson that it would be his 13 ultramarathon. Smith hasn’t 14 another race—but Johnson said he would probably find one soon. “He’s showing what’s 15 not just for him, but for you too, for me, for all of us,” said Johnson.
1．A．knowledgeable B．competitive C．creative D．influential
2．A．recovery B．progress C．health D．memory
3．A．run B．jump C．play D．leave
4．A．watch B．complete C．approach D．maintain
5．A．appearance B．gender C．personality D．age
6．A．expectation B．choice C．attitude D．method
13．A．upcoming B．favourite C．last D．unforgettable
14．A．missed B．finished C．won D．scheduled
15．A．real B．necessary C．possible D．useful
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．C 13．C 14．D 15．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了80岁的詹姆斯 史密斯仍热衷超级马拉松并创纪录，其跑步背后有多重故事，不仅激励他人，更向所有人展示了突破局限的可能。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如今他80岁了，竞争优势却愈发突出。A. knowledgeable博学的；B. competitive竞争的；C. creative有创造力的；D. influential有影响力的。根据上文“long succeeded in competition”可知，他一直擅长竞争，competitive与“competition”为同根词复现，符合语境。故选B项。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：史密斯每隔几个月就去看医生检查健康状况。A. recovery康复；B. progress进步；C. health健康；D. memory记忆。根据上文“visits doctors every few months to check on his”以及语境可知，80岁的老人定期看医生，核心目的是检查身体健康，health符合“就医检查的核心对象”的语境。故选C项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“但他们从没让我不要跑步。”A. run跑步；B. jump跳跃；C. play玩耍；D. leave离开。根据下文“runs ultramarathons”可知，他的核心活动是跑步，医生未禁止的也是这项运动，run为原词复现。故选A项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：史密斯不仅跑超级马拉松，超级马拉松赛程超过26.2英里，通常需要数天才能完成。A. watch观看；B. complete完成；C. approach接近；D. maintain维持。根据上文“races longer than 26.2 miles”以及语境可知，此处指完成比赛，complete符合“结束赛程”的语境。故选B项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从未真正把自己的年龄当作障碍。A. appearance外貌；B. gender性别；C. personality性格；D. age年龄。根据上文“ he’s 80”可知，前文提到他80岁，这是他与其他跑者最明显的差异，age对应“80岁”这一关键信息。故选D项。
6． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有种这样的态度：如果别人能做到，你知道的，我为什么不能？A. expectation期待；B. choice选择；C. attitude态度；D. method方法。根据下文“If somebody else can do it, you know, why can’t I ”可知，这是一种看待事物的心态，attitude符合“对某事的看法和心态”的语境。故选C项。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这将是他最后一场超级马拉松。A. upcoming即将到来的；B. favourite最喜欢的；C. last最后的；D. unforgettable难忘的。根据下文“but Johnson said he would probably find one soon”以及语境可知，前后形成转折，此处指他原本说这是最后一场，last符合语境。故选C项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：史密斯还没有安排另一场比赛，但约翰逊说他可能很快就会找到。A. missed错过；B. finished完成；C. won赢得；D. scheduled安排。根据下文“he would probably find one soon”可知，他目前还没确定下一场比赛，即未安排，scheduled符合“规划、确定时间”的语境。故选D项。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他在展示什么是可能的—— 不仅对他自己，对你、对我、对我们所有人来说都是如此。A. real真实的；B. necessary必要的；C. possible可能的；D. useful有用的。根据上文“he finished Badwater Ultramarathon”以及语境可知，80岁的史密斯仍能完成超级马拉松，这证明了年龄不是限制，展示了看似不可能的事其实可以实现，possible符合“打破局限、证明可行性”的语境。故选C项。
【变式1-1】（2026·浙江宁波海曙&4地·一模）
Wyatt Smuszko, a teenager with Down syndrome (唐氏综合征), felt lonely as he grew. His mother, Deanne Frère, watched with a heavy heart because his opportunities to connect with the world 1 .
That’s when Deanne and her son 2 an idea — a stall (摊位) called “Wild Wild Wyatt” and Wyatt became “the boss” of his own business selling second-hand cowboy clothing. Soon this pop-up stall became his unique 3 . “There, he learned to look customers in the eye, shake hands, and explain the story behind each 4 shirt and pair of boots.” recalled Deanne.
People didn’t just buy; they 5 . They stopped for a while, chatting with Wyatt, knowing their 6 was for a larger cause. Wyatt’s stall soon piled up with donated cowboy clothing from a (n) 7 community. After two successful years, Wyatt had raised an impressive $ 5,000 for charity. Upon his graduation, he 8 the business proudly to Samantha Webber, a 15-year-old with the same disease and a fan of cowboy clothing who had once bought her first pair of cowboy boots from him.
9 , Samantha stepped right into the role of running the business, which she renamed “Stampede Samantha’s Country Sparkle”. Like Wyatt, she organized new 10 and planned to donate her profits to charity.
Watching Samantha greet her first customer, Wyatt 11 . For him, the greatest 12 wasn’t the money raised, but the confidence gained and the 13 that his idea would develop in Samantha’s hands.
From Wyatt’s first brave “ 14 ” to Samantha’s successful takeover, what began as a solution to isolation blossomed into a 15 of kindness.
1．A．surfaced B．faded C．multiplied D．changed
2．A．ruled out B．struggled with C．hit upon D．made up
3．A．laboratory B．classroom C．dorm D．office
4．A．well-worn B．hard-won C．home-made D．custom-fit
5．A．bargained B．compromised C．celebrated D．connected
6．A．approval B．curiosity C．sacrifice D．purchase
7．A．supportive B．energetic C．wealthy D．competitive
8．A．narrowed down B．handed over C．showed off D．brought back
9．A．Nervous B．Relieved C．Thrilled D．Hesitant
10．A．sales B．talks C．games D．shows
11．A．shouted B．bowed C．sighed D．smiled
12．A．challenge B．secret C．reward D．idea
13．A．proposal B．knowledge C．assumption D．lesson
14．A．hello B．thanks C．no D．goodbye
15．A．source B．word C．history D．chain
【变式1-2】（2026·广西柳州·一模）
I used to be a determined maker of New Year’s goals. Each January 1st, I would 1 ambitious goals like running a marathon or losing 50 pounds. However, my willpower always 2 by February, leaving me with guilt and a sense of 3 .
Everything 4 two years ago. It started with what I thought was a lasting stomach issue. After suffering severe pain for weeks, I finally went to the doctor. To my shock, I was 5 with breast cancer. Worse still, doctors later found the pain came from appendix (阑尾) cancer — I was battling two cancers at once! The 6 treatments that followed taught me a priceless 7 : being alive with my family was the greatest 8 .
This made me realize that every day is a fresh start, not just January Ist. So I chose to 9 New Year’s grand goals. Now I focus on small, 10 goals, like running 20 minutes three times a week instead of a marathon. These small wins 11 satisfaction and the motivation to keep going.
I also build new habits on old ones. For instance, I turned daily fruits and vegetables into a 12 . After months of 13 it, I recently added drinking more water. Nearly losing my life made me value every moment 14 . I still pursue self-improvement, but small steps 15 me from guilt and keep me moving forward.
1． A．adjust B．reach C．set D．break
2．A．faded B．remained C．strengthened D．recovered
3．A．insecurity B．failure C．pride D．relief
4．A．paused B．continued C．returned D．changed
5．A．associated B．connected C．infected D．diagnosed
6．A．slow B．tough C．smooth D．gentle
7．A．skill B．experience C．lesson D．memory
8．A．problem B．comfort C．blessing D．challenge
9．A．abandon B．maintain C．expand D．postpone
10．A．achievable B．grand C．distant D．complex
11．A．store B．bring C．find D．waste
12．A．habit B．custom C．rule D．task
13．A．focusing on B．sticking to C．depending on D．giving up
14．A．casually B．deliberately C．suddenly D．deeply
15．A．separate B．invite C．free D．call
考向02 根据生活常识或文化背景选词
【例2-1】（25-26高三上·江西景德镇·一模）
After Mr. & Mrs. Bacchus started farming their little land patch, they faced a problem of birds feeding on their precious crops. Then, a man stopped outside their house, asking the couple if he could take 1 of the birds on the property. Afterwards, he suggested that 2 getting rid of the birds, they should learn to 3 them, and Maraksacha Reserve was born.
Today, the couple 4 the celebrated bird photographer Manu Espinosa, with changing their lives, and helping them persuade others of the vital importance of conservation here.
Birding tourism is 5 in Ecuador, with increasing numbers of specialist tour groups. Ecuador 6 a variety of ecosystems at differing altitudes, which explains why it’s among the top 10 countries globally for bird 7 . The country is home to over 1,600 bird species —nearly double the 8 found in Europe.
As the business of birding grows, more and more farmers 9 their land from agriculture to bird reserves, 10 not just the birds, but the country’s 11 too. One notable example is the Ajila family, who have been 12 preserving the long-wattled umbrellabird. On his land near Recinto, Luis Ajila’ has turned dairy farming to conservation, replanting trees and promoting the site to wildlife tourists—work that he says is a 13 livelihood than farming.
…………
1． A．risks B．commands C．photographs D．notes
2．A．together with B．instead of C．apart from D．aside by
3．A．live alongside B．do without C．run across D．drive away
4．A．anticipate B．consider C．thank D．credit
5．A．running B．flourishing C．controlling D．praising
6．A．purchases B．robs C．boasts D．discovers
7．A．beauty B．environment C．habitat D．diversity
8．A．quality B．height C．balance D．quantity
9．A．switch B．stop C．defend D．highlight
10．A．shrinking B．benefiting C．testing D．varying
11．A．fate B．security C．economy D．identity
12．A．satisfied with B．worried about C．surprised at D．devoted to
13．A．lazier B．clearer C．slower D．better
【答案】
1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．D 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．D 13．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了厄瓜多尔的农民们从农业种植转向鸟类保护与生态旅游的转变，这种转变既保护了鸟类多样性，又为国家经济和后代福祉带来积极影响，凸显了生态保护与可持续发展的双赢。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，一个男人停在他们家外面，问这对夫妇他是否可以拍摄这片土地上的鸟类。A. risks风险；B. commands命令；C. photographs照片、拍摄；D. notes笔记。根据后文“celebrated bird photographer Manu Espinosa”，这个男人是鸟类摄影师，因此是请求“拍摄”鸟类，“take photographs of”为固定搭配，意为“拍摄……”。故选C项。
2．考查介词短语辨析。句意：之后，他建议他们不要赶走鸟类，而是学会与它们共存，马拉克萨查保护区就此诞生。A. together with和……一起；B. instead of代替、而不是；C. apart from除了；D. aside by无此搭配。摄影师建议“不赶走”鸟类，而是共存，“instead of”体现“替代”关系，符合逻辑。故选B项。
3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：之后，他建议他们不要赶走鸟类，而是学会与它们共存，马拉克萨查保护区就此诞生。A. live alongside与……共存；B. do without没有……也行；C. run across偶然遇见；D. drive away赶走。根据后文“Maraksacha Reserve was born.”可知，建立保护区，核心是与鸟类“共存”，与前文“getting rid of”（赶走）形成对比。故选A项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如今，这对夫妇将改变他们生活、帮助他们说服他人重视此地保护工作的功劳归于著名鸟类摄影师马努·埃斯皮诺萨。A. anticipate预期；B. consider考虑；C. thank感谢；D. credit归功于。根据前文“Afterwards, he suggested that 　2　 getting rid of the birds, they should learn to 3 them,”可知，保护工作的功劳归于著名鸟类摄影师马努·埃斯皮诺萨。“credit sb. with sth.”为固定搭配，意为“把某事归功于某人”，符合夫妇对摄影师的认可。故选D项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：观鸟旅游在厄瓜多尔蓬勃发展，专业旅游团的数量不断增加。A. running奔跑；B. flourishing蓬勃发展；C. controlling控制；D. praising赞扬。根据后文“increasing numbers of specialist tour groups”可知，观鸟旅游“蓬勃发展”，符合语境。故选B项。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：厄瓜多尔在不同海拔拥有多种生态系统，这也是它能跻身全球鸟类多样性前十的原因。A. purchases购买；B. robs抢劫；C. boasts拥有、以……为傲；D. discovers发现。根据后文“a variety of ecosystems at differing altitudes, which explains why it’s among the top 10 countries”可知，厄瓜多尔“拥有”多样生态系统，是其鸟类丰富的基础，“boasts”体现客观拥有且引以为傲的意味。故选C项。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：厄瓜多尔在不同海拔拥有多种生态系统，这也是它能跻身全球鸟类多样性前十的原因。A. beauty美丽；B. environment环境；C. habitat栖息地；D. diversity多样性。根据后文“over 1,600 bird species”可知，鸟类种类多体现“多样性”，“bird diversity”为固定表达。故选D项。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个国家拥有超过1600种鸟类——几乎是欧洲鸟类数量的两倍。A. quality质量；B. height高度；C. balance平衡；D. quantity数量。根据前文“1,600 bird species”可知，前文强调鸟类种类“数量”多，与欧洲形成数量对比，“quantity”符合语境。故选D项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着观鸟产业的发展，越来越多的农民将他们的土地从农业用地转变为鸟类保护区，这不仅有利于鸟类，也有利于国家经济。A. switch转变、切换；B. stop停止；C. defend保卫；D. highlight强调。根据后文“their land from agriculture to bird reserves,”可知，从农业到保护区，是土地用途的“转变”，“switch from...to...”为固定搭配，意为“从……转变为……”。故选A项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着观鸟产业的发展，越来越多的农民将他们的土地从农业用地转变为鸟类保护区，这不仅有利于鸟类，也有利于国家经济。A. shrinking缩小；B. benefiting使受益；C. testing测试；D. varying变化。根据常识可知，建立保护区对鸟类和国家经济都有好处，“benefiting”体现积极影响。故选B项。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着观鸟产业的发展，越来越多的农民将他们的土地从农业用地转变为鸟类保护区，这不仅有利于鸟类，也有利于国家经济。A. fate命运；B. security安全；C. economy经济；D. identity身份。根据前文“Birding tourism”可知，观鸟旅游属于产业，能带动“经济”发展，符合逻辑。故选C项。
12．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：一个显著的例子是阿希拉家族，他们一直致力于保护长肉垂伞鸟。A. satisfied with对……满意；B. worried about担心……；C. surprised at对……惊讶；D. devoted to致力于……。根据后文“turned dairy farming to conservation”可知，阿希拉家族“致力于”保护鸟类。故选D项。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：路易斯·阿希拉在雷辛托附近的土地上，将乳畜业转变为保护事业，重新种植树木，并向野生动物游客推广这个地方——他说这份工作比务农更能维持生计。A. lazier更懒的；B. clearer更清晰的；C. slower更慢的；D. better更好的。根据后文“wildlife tourism is much more profitable”可知，这份工作比务农“更好”，符合其认可态度。故选D项。
【例2-2】（25-26高三·云南大理白族自治州·一检）
This year was special for Zhu Jiejing, a famous dancer from the Shanghai Dance Theatre. She has deeply touched us with her 1 battle against cancer.
Zhu Jiejing was diagnosed with breast cancer, and the treatment journey was 2 tough. Six chemotherapy sessions（化疗疗程） tested both her body and 3 . Each session was a struggle, as the drug, while fighting the cancer cells, brought about endless suffering. 4 bothered her constantly, casting heavy shadows over her life.
However, on January 18th, 2025, just after her last 5 in hospital, Zhu Jiejing headed to Beijing without 6 to participate in the rehearsal of the Spring Festival Gala. As soon as the stage lights came on, she seemed to forget all the pain in an instant. She said,“Only the stage, only dance, and only performance can 7 me.” The statement vividly 8 her profound love for dance.
1． A．respected B．determined C．flexible D．stable
2．A．incredibly B．suddenly C．smoothly D．basically
3．A．shortcut B．willpower C．mindset D．outcome
4．A．Eye contact B．Heart disease C．Side effects D．Work loads
5．A．performance B．training C．decision D．treatment
6．A．hesitation B．support C．doubt D．excuse
7．A．change B．relieve C．beat D．heal
8．A．stresses B．resists C．increases D．showcases
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．A 7．D 8．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了上海歌舞团著名舞者朱洁静身患乳腺癌后，凭借坚定意志对抗病魔，刚结束治疗就奔赴春晚彩排，用对舞蹈的热爱与执着诠释生命力量的故事，彰显了“不向命运低头，为热爱全力以赴”的精神。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她与癌症的坚定抗争深深打动了我们。A. respected受尊敬的；B. determined坚定的；C. flexible灵活的；D. stable稳定的。根据后文“However, on January 18th, 2025, just after her last 　5　　 in hospital, Zhu Jiejing, headed to Beijing without 　　6　　　 to participate in the rehearsal of the Spring Festival Gala”可知，她刚结束治疗就参加彩排、坚持舞蹈事业，体现了她对抗癌症的“坚定”态度，“determined”符合其顽强的特质。故选B项。
2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：朱洁静被诊断出乳腺癌，治疗过程极其艰难。A. incredibly极其、非常；B. suddenly突然；C. smoothly顺利地；D. basically基本上。根据后文“Six chemotherapy sessions（化疗疗程）”可知，化疗带来无尽痛苦，治疗过程“极其”艰难，“incredibly”强调程度之深，符合语境。故选A项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：六个化疗疗程既考验了她的身体，也考验了她的意志力。A. shortcut捷径；B. willpower意志力；C. mindset心态；D. outcome结果。根据前文“both her body ”可知，化疗的痛苦不仅折磨身体，更需要强大的“意志力”支撑，“willpower”体现对抗病魔的精神力量。故选B项。
4．考查名词短语辨析。句意：副作用不断困扰着她，给她的生活蒙上了沉重的阴影。A. Eye contact眼神交流；B. Heart disease心脏病；C. Side effects副作用；D. Work loads工作量。根据常识可知，化疗药物在杀死癌细胞的同时，会带来“副作用”，这是治疗癌症的常见情况，符合语境。故选C项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，2025年1月18日，刚结束最后一次住院治疗，朱洁静就毫不犹豫地奔赴北京，参加春晚彩排。A. performance表演；B. training训练；C. decision决定；D. treatment治疗。结合前文“chemotherapy sessions”，此处指最后一次“治疗”，与治疗历程呼应。故选D项。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，2025年1月18日，刚结束最后一次住院治疗，朱洁静就毫不犹豫地奔赴北京，参加春晚彩排。A. hesitation犹豫；B. support支持；C. doubt怀疑；D. excuse借口。根据后文“participate in the rehearsal of the Spring Festival Gala”可知，她对舞蹈的热爱让她在病后没有“犹豫”，立刻投入彩排，“without hesitation”为固定搭配，表“毫不犹豫”。故选A项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说：“只有舞台，只有舞蹈，只有表演才能治愈我。”A. change改变；B. relieve缓解；C. beat打败；D. heal治愈。根据前文“As soon as the stage lights came on, she seemed to forget all the pain in an instant.”可知，舞蹈能让她忘记痛苦，从身心层面“治愈”她，符合她对舞蹈的依赖与热爱。故选D项。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这句话生动地展现了她对舞蹈深深的热爱。A. stresses强调；B. resists抵抗；C. increases增加；D. showcases展现、展示。根据前文“only performance can 　7　me.”以及后文“her profound love for dance.”她的话语直观“展现”了对舞蹈的热爱，“showcases”体现情感的自然流露。故选D项。
【变式2-1】（25-26高三上·陕西榆林·一模）
In the early 1980s during my college years in Bengalure, weekends often meant trips to the 1 . One Saturday, my friend Sumi and I 2 to Rex Theatre by autorickshaw (机动三轮车) . Brigade Road was 3 , and as I stepped off the rickshaw, focusing on popcorn and the movie, I suddenly 4 — my foot twisted, pain surging.
A crowd gathered, murmuring 5 . Sumi rushed to find another rickshaw but was 6 repeatedly. Just as we felt 7 , a lean, soft-spoken young man in his early 20s 8 . He bent down, asked about my pain, and then quickly 9 an auto, helped me in, and said “take care” before disappearing into the 10 .
Months later, my foot 11 . One evening at Lido Theatre, waiting for tickets, I saw him again. He walked over and asked how my foot was — he’d seen me from a bus and wanted to 12 . I told him it was just a sprain, and I was fine. He smiled, said“take care” once more, and 13 .
I never asked his name or why he’d helped. His kindness wasn’t 14 , but it was unrequired — no script, no expectation. In a fast-forgetting world, his care and remembrance felt sacred, a gentle reminder that people still choose to be kind, even when it’s “inefficient.” That warmth 15 , long after the pain and chaos faded.
1．A．park B．cinema C．library D．market
2．A．headed B．wandered C．drove D．flew
3．A．quiet B．empty C．chaotic D．clean
4．A．stood B．jumped C．sat D．tripped
5．A．angrily B．curiously C．sadly D．happily
6．A．accepted B．praised C．refused D．thanked
7．A．helpless B．hopeful C．excited D．relaxed
8．A．looked around B．stepped forward C．passed by D．slowed down
9．A．bought B．missed C．repaired D．stopped
10．A．crowd B．theatre C．bus D．shop
11．A．hurt B．broke C．healed D．worsened
12．A．check B．test C．detect D．investigate
13．A．returned B．talked C．waited D．left
14．A．small B．grand C．cheap D．expensive
15．A．faded B．disappeared C．stayed D．died
【变式2-2】（25-26高三上·山西运城·期中）
There’s an autumn day that I recall every time I find myself immersed in the non-stop rush of life. I was a teenager at that time, 1 in the whirlwind of school, social activities, and the pressure or 2 college applications. It was my neighbor, Mr. Jensen, who brought me back to earth.
Mr. Jensen was a quiet man in his seventies, living alone in the house next door. Despite our age 3 we had a shared love for gardening, a hobby that 4 an unlikely friendship between us.
One sunny afternoon, feeling 5 and anxious, I decided to take a break from my studies. I 6 outside to my backyard garden where I began to 7 weed, my frustrations pouring into each pull of 8 greenery. Mr. Jensen was there as usual, 9 his blossoming rosebushes.
Seeing my frustration, he stepped over and 10 started weeding alongside me. After a moment, he said, “Weeding a garden is like going through 11 . Sometimes, we focus so much on the weeds —the problems — that we forget to 12 the flowers.” He gestured to the beautiful roses in his garden. That simple wisdom 13 me hard. I had been so focused on my problems, on the stress of my future, that I had ignored the beauty of my 14 .
That day, Mr. Jensen taught me a life lesson that I’ve carried with me ever since. I recall it now and then to 15 myself from a suffering period.
1． A．stuck B．interested C．specialized D．experienced
2．A．permanent B．upcoming C．hesitant D．formal
3．A．familiarity B．approach C．similarity D．difference
4．A．formed B．banned C．tapped D．dotted
5．A．satisfied B．committed C．overwhelmed D．inspired
6．A．removed B．headed C．obeyed D．arrested
7．A．wildly B．calmly C．humbly D．shyly
8．A．unwanted B．desired C．protected D．shaved
9．A．living on B．tending to C．fading away D．summing up
10．A．angrily B．nobly C．dizzily D．silently
11．A．park B．tour C．life D．class
12．A．distinguish B．appreciate C．stimulate D．recognize
13．A．frightened B．patted C．struck D．honored
14．A．despair B．present C．fitness D．memory
15．A．exhaust B．prevent C．frustrate D．refresh
考向03 根据对应成分分析选词
【例3-1】（25-26高三上·贵州六盘水·一模）
It was 5 a.m. in Niagara Falls, Ontario, windy, cold, and rainy. I was alone under a bus shelter, 1 for the next bus to Toronto, still two hours away. There was nowhere open for warmth, so I 2 the time by watching a movie on my phone, trying to forget the cold.
Then, a girl stepped into the 3 . She was small and thin, all wet, carrying a heavy worn backpack. “Excuse me,” she said softly. “Do you know if Tim Hortons Cafe is 4 right now ” I told her it wasn’t. She sighed and glanced at the silent crossroads. I could see she was 5 , so I offered, “You can wait here with me if you’d like.” She 6 . “Thank you! You have no idea how much that 7 to me.”
We talked as the rain whispered against the roof, our 8 filling the stillness. I learned that she was a painter but having a hard time financially, so she had to 9 at a nearby shelter. Even so, she spoke with 10 and humor and said, “I received a $75 gift card from a kind man recently, so I want to buy some food to 11 with others. After all, there’s only so much coffee and bread a girl can eat. Would you like some, too ” I tried to 12 , but she insisted, still smiling.
1． A．leaving B．waiting C．standing D．sleeping
2．A．killed B．wasted C．enjoyed D．spent
3．A．bus B．cinema C．shelter D．cafe
4．A．open B．closed C．empty D．safe
5．A．sad B．nervous C．angry D．disappointed
6．A．stood up B．sped up C．brightened up D．turned up
7．A．applies B．means C．happens D．appeals
8．A．words B．noises C．songs D．arguments
9．A．rest B．stare C．point D．stay
10．A．patience B．honesty C．warmth D．pride
11．A．sell B．share C．exchange D．cook
12．A．ignore B．avoid C．resist D．decline
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．D 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．C 11．B 12．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在等车时遇到一位经济困难却仍想分享食物的女孩，深受感动的故事。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我独自一人在公共汽车候车亭下，等待下一班开往多伦多的公共汽车，还有两个小时的车程。A. leaving离开；B. waiting等待；C. standing站立；D. sleeping睡觉。根据后文“for the next bus to Toronto, still two hours away.”可知，此处指等待下一班公共汽车，固定搭配 wait for 表示“等待”。故选B。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有地方可以取暖，所以我用手机看电影来打发时间，试图忘记寒冷。A. killed杀死；B. wasted浪费；C. enjoyed享受；D. spent花费（时间、金钱等）。根据“by watching a movie on my phone, trying to forget the cold.”可知，此处指用手机看电影来打发时间，kill time是固定表达，意为“打发/消磨时间”。故选A。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，一个女孩走进了候车亭。A. bus公共汽车；B. cinema电影院；C. shelter避难所，候车亭；D. cafe咖啡馆。根据前文“I was alone under a bus shelter”可知，女孩进来后与作者一同等待，故此处指候车亭。故选C。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你知道蒂姆霍顿咖啡馆现在开门吗？A. open开着的；B. closed关闭的；C. empty空的；D. safe安全的。根据后文“I told her it wasn’t.”和“When the cafe opened”可知，此处指询问咖啡馆是否开门。故选A。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我看得出她很失望，所以我主动提出：“如果你愿意，你可以和我一起在这里等。”A. sad悲伤的；B. nervous紧张的；C. angry生气的；D. disappointed失望的。根据前文“She sighed and glanced at the silent crossroads.”可知，女孩很失望。故选D。
6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她高兴起来。A. stood up站起来；B. sped up加速；C. brightened up高兴起来；D. turned up出现。根据后文“Thank you! You have no idea how much that 7 to me.”可知，作者邀请女孩一同等待，女孩应是感到高兴，面露喜色。故选C。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你不知道那对我来说有多重要。A. applies申请，应用；B. means意味着；C. happens发生；D. appeals呼吁，吸引。根据前文“You have no idea how much”可知，女孩在寒冷雨夜无处可去，作者的邀请对她来说很有意义，“mean to sb.”表示“对某人有意义”。故选B。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们边聊边听雨打在屋顶上的声音，我们的话语打破了寂静。A. words话语；B. noises噪音；C. songs歌曲；D. arguments争论。根据前文“We talked”可知，此处指我们的话语打破了寂静。故选A。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我了解到她是一名画家，但经济上很困难，所以她不得不住在附近的收容所。A. rest休息；B. stare盯着看；C. point指向；D. stay停留，暂住。根据前文“I learned that she was a painter but having a hard time financially”和后文“at a nearby shelter”可知，此处指住在附近的收容所。故选D。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：即便如此，她说话时还是带着温暖和幽默。A. patience耐心；B. honesty诚实；C. warmth温暖；D. pride骄傲。根据后文“and humor”和女孩想分享食物的行为可知，她性格开朗、待人友善，说话带有温暖感。故选C。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最近从一位好心人那里收到了一张75美元的礼品卡，所以我想买些食物和别人分享。A. sell卖；B. share分享；C. exchange交换；D. cook烹饪。根据前文“I want to buy some food”和后文“with others”以及“After all, there’s only so much coffee and bread a girl can eat. Would you like some, too ”可知，此处指和别人分享食物。故选B。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我试图谢绝，但她坚持要给我，仍然微笑着。A. ignore忽视；B. avoid避免；C. resist抵制；D. decline下降，谢绝。根据后文“but she insisted”和“When the cafe opened, she 　13　 coffees, bread, and sandwiches-enough for us two and others still out in the cold”可知，面对对方好意，作者想“拒绝/推辞”，decline最符合礼貌语境。故选D。
【例3-2】（25-26高三上·浙江温州·一模）
You can find Jacob Reno at his neighborhood market on Sundays. He doesn’t sell produce. Instead, he offers portraits (肖像) — 1 ones. He sits behind a table with a sign that reads: “TERRIBLE PORTRAITTS, $5, STERRIBLE MINUTES.” Every week, people 2 for their turn to take home a hand-drawn portrait that might look like them — or not. Since May, Reno has 3 more than 500 people. His pictures are 4 yet charming.
Reno first tried his hand at 5 at a party where Reno and a friend thought it would be 6 to draw each other. When Reno turned his drawing around for his friend, they both burst into laughter. Reno realized he might have 7 a hidden talent.
He did not 8 drawing until this past spring. He left his media job and bought a piece of poster board to 9 his services. He set up shop for the first time in May. To his 10 , a stream of strangers stopped for their “terrible portrait”. Indeed, Reno doesn’t just draw — he 11 . He chats with his subjects and tries to get to know them. He sets a(n) 12 for five minutes, but he always goes over. Reno said what he loves about his project is that it allows him to interact with people in his 13 and make them laugh.
In a world that is increasingly digital, Reno believes his artwork offers a rare chance to slow down and 14 . “What I try to provide is just an incredibly 15 experience,” he said.
1． A．bad B．fake C．old D．usual
2．A．look out B．call in C．line up D．stand in
3．A．drawn B．invited C．gathered D．helped
4．A．elegant B．offensive C．delicate D．awkward
5．A．sculpture B．painting C．poster D．calligraphy
6．A．touching B．inspiring C．exhausting D．entertaining
7．A．unearthed B．polished C．evaluated D．applied
8．A．practice B．study C．pursue D．appreciate
9．A．document B．advertise C．expand D．improve
10．A．delight B．relief C．amusement D．admiration
11．A．teaches B．quits C．performs D．reflects
12．A．experiment B．timer C．scene D．record
13．A．company B．organization C．family D．community
14．A．escape B．connect C．compete D．imagine
15．A．virtual B．charitable C．human D．collective
【答案】
1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．A 11．C 12．B 13．D 14．B 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jacob Reno画“糟糕肖像”的故事。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他不卖农产品，而是提供肖像画——糟糕的那种。A. bad糟糕的；B. fake假的；C. old老的；D. usual通常的。根据后文“TERRIBLE PORTRAITTS”可知，此处指“糟糕的肖像”。故选A。
2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：每周都有人排队等着把一幅可能像他们、也可能不像他们的手绘肖像画带回家。A. look out小心；B. call in召集；C. line up排队；D. stand in代替。根据后文“for their turn to take home a hand-drawn portrait”可知，人们排队等着把一张手绘肖像带回家。故选C。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：自5月以来，Reno已经画了500多人。A. drawn画；B. invited邀请；C. gathered聚集；D. helped帮助。根据后文“more than 500 people”以及上文提到他画肖像可知，此处指画了500多人。故选A。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的画很笨拙，但很迷人。A. elegant优雅的；B. offensive冒犯的；C. delicate精致的；D. awkward笨拙的。根据上文“TERRIBLE PORTRAITTS”以及后文“yet charming”可知，Reno的画很笨拙，但很迷人。故选D。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Reno第一次尝试绘画是在一次聚会上，他和一个朋友认为互相画画会很有趣。A. sculpture雕塑；B. painting绘画；C. poster海报；D. calligraphy书法。根据后文“draw each other”可知，此处指尝试绘画。故选B。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. touching感人的；B. inspiring鼓舞人心的；C. exhausting令人疲惫的；D. entertaining有趣的。根据后文“When Reno turned his drawing around for his friend, they both burst into laughter.”可知，他们认为互相画画会很有趣。故选D。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Reno意识到他可能发掘出了自己隐藏的天赋。A. unearthed发掘；B. polished磨光；C. evaluated评估；D. applied应用。根据后文“a hidden talent”可知，此处指发掘出了隐藏的天赋。故选A。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到今年春天，他才开始追求绘画。A. practice练习；B. study学习；C. pursue追求；D. appreciate欣赏。根据后文“He left his media job and bought a piece of poster board”可知，Reno辞职开始追求绘画。故选C。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他辞去了媒体工作，买了一块海报板来宣传他的服务。A. document记录；B. advertise宣传；C. expand扩大；D. improve改善。根据后文“his services”以及上文提到他辞职追求绘画可知，此处指宣传他的服务。故选B。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：令他高兴的是，一群陌生人停下来要他们的“糟糕的肖像”。A. delight高兴；B. relief安慰；C. amusement娱乐；D. admiration钦佩。根据后文“a stream of strangers stopped for their “terrible portrait””可知，一群陌生人停下来要他们的“糟糕的肖像”，这让他很高兴。故选A。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，Reno不仅仅是画画——他还会表演。A. teaches教；B. quits停止；C. performs表演；D. reflects反映。根据后文“He chats with his subjects and tries to get to know them.”可知，Reno的画画过程更像一场“表演”，而非单纯的绘画动作。故选C。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他设定了一个五分钟的计时器，但他总是超时。A. experiment实验；B. timer计时器；C. scene场景；D. record记录。根据后文“for five minutes, but he always goes over”可知，此处指设定了一个五分钟的计时器。set a timer为固定搭配，意为“设定计时器”。故选B。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：雷诺说，他喜欢这个项目的原因是它让他能够与社区里的人互动，让他们开怀大笑。A. company公司；B. organization组织；C. family家庭；D. community社区。根据上文“at his neighborhood market”可知，此处指社区里的人。故选D。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一个日益数字化的世界里，Reno相信他的艺术作品提供了一个难得的机会，让人们放慢脚步，建立联系。A. escape逃跑；B. connect联系；C. compete竞争；D. imagine想象。根据上文“Reno believes his artwork offers a rare chance to slow down and”以及后文提到与人们互动可知，此处指让人们放慢脚步，建立联系。故选B。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他说：“我试图提供的只是一种难以置信的人文体验。”A. virtual虚拟的；B. charitable慈善的；C. human人文的；D. collective集体的。根据上文“Reno believes his artwork offers a rare chance to slow down and”可知，Reno的艺术作品让人们放慢脚步，建立联系，因此是提供了一种人文体验。故选C。
【变式3-1】（25-26高三上·江西·仿真一模）
I had spent the previous decade working 1 toward my goal of becoming a professor. However, after my 30th birthday, the attraction of academia 2 . I decided to 3 my academic career plans and set my sights on business.
Soon, an offer arrived: a six figure research 4 in product development. It seemed to be everything I 5 , so I took it. Yet, later I found I was back to the 6 tasks I’d once completed as an undergraduate research assistant.
Repeated routine work wasn’t where I wanted to be in my career. I was more 7 — I wanted to 8 projects and lead a team. But the general manager wouldn’t give those 9 to me until I’d proved myself.
I realized I need to let go of the idea that I was already a(n) “ 10 ” in my field. I had to become a(n) 11 once again. So, in the months that followed, I set out to learn everything I could about my new career. In some ways, product development was 12 to my academic research. But in other ways, it was vastly different. I needed to create profit, not just 13 .
As I read professional materials passionately, I realized my PhD gave me a “learner” personality — loving to 14 and grow. Two years later, I became the chief engineer at the company. When asked to describe my greatest 15 , I smiled and said: “I have a PhD．I learn incredibly fast.”
1． A．frequently B．continually C．unwillingly D．occasionally
2．A．faded B．exchanged C．increased D．appeared
3．A．try out for B．take pride in C．get rid of D．come up with
4．A．project B．salary C．demand D．position
5．A．owned B．harvested C．designed D．expected
6．A．mixed B．difficult C．dull D．burdensome
7．A．independent B．ambitious C．promising D．generous
8．A．manage B．change C．fund D．study
9．A．benefits B．responsibilities C．congratulations D．pressures
10．A．expert B．professor C．partner D．performer
11．A．member B．manager C．student D．engineer
12．A．equal B．similar C．helpful D．contradictory
13．A．products B．opportunities C．knowledge D．accounts
14．A．expand B．negotiate C．advocate D．recite
15．A．principle B．aim C．decision D．strength
【变式3-2】（25-26高三上·河南信阳·一模）
Twenty years ago, I drove a taxi for a living. One night, when it was my time to work, I went to 1 a passenger at 2:30 AM. The building was dark except for one light. Usually, I just honked (鸣喇叭). 2 , I went to the door instead. I 3 to myself that this person might need my help.
After knocking, a 4 , elderly voice answered. Soon, the door opened. A small woman in her 80s stood there. By her side was a small nylon suitcase. The 5 looked as if no one had lived in it for years. I carried her bag to the cab and then returned to assist her. 6 , she took my arm, and we walked slowly to the car.
When we got in the cab, she gave an address and then asked, “Could you drive 7 downtown ” “It’s not the shortest way,” I answered 8 . She explained she was in no hurry and was on her way to a special nursing home. 9 this, I reached over and shut off the machine for charging. For the next two hours, we drove around the city. Sometimes, she would ask me to 10 in front of a particular building and sit staring into the darkness, 11 nothing.
As dawn broke, we drove to the address she had given me. Two nurses came out. The woman was soon 12 in a wheelchair. “How much do I 13 you ” she asked. “Nothing,” I said.
I didn’t pick up any more passengers that 14 . I was lost in thought. Upon review, I felt that I had done nothing more important in my life. We often believe life is made up of grand events. Yet the most 15 moments arrive quietly, hidden within what may seem like small, ordinary encounters.
1．A．collect B．admire C．thank D．search
2．A．However B．Therefore C．Besides D．Meanwhile
3．A．shouted B．reasoned C．complained D．admitted
4．A．firm B．clear C．loud D．weak
5．A．laboratory B．basement C．apartment D．bar
6．A．Gently B．Suddenly C．Finally D．Regretfully
7．A．beside B．through C．from D．to
8．A．calmly B．anxiously C．immediately D．proudly
9．A．Hearing B．Watching C．Ignoring D．Remembering
10．A．pull up B．speed up C．look up D．come up
11．A．saying B．getting C．showing D．understanding
12．A．forced B．advised C．seated D．impressed
13．A．spare B．owe C．borrow D．lend
14．A．holiday B．cycle C．shift D．visit
15．A．great B．common C．obvious D．various
考向04 根据习惯用法或固定搭配选词
【例4-1】（25-26高三·广东肇庆·一模）
………..
Bell looked at the 9 teenager. He thought, “She’s gone!” Her face, her lips, even her ears were a ghostly blue. But Bell’s recent CPR (心肺复苏) training kicked in. He began 10 hard on her chest. After a few compressions, she 11 water from her mouth. He continued the 12 . Then her eyes rolled back. Bell kept compressing her chest until she took a deep 13 and opened her eyes. She’s back. Then Bell restarted the boat. Once they reached the shore, the fifteen-year-old Julie was 14 to the nearest hospital.
All the media called Bell a hero. He was uncomfortable with the 15 , telling his friends, “I’m not a hero. I just did what I needed to do.”
9．A．active B．positive C．unselfish D．unconscious
10．A．pressing B．beating C．patting D．touching
11．A．spat out B．poured out C．forced out D．squeezed out
12．A．reflection B．training C．process D．routine
13．A．sleep B．breath C．dive D．sigh
14．A．flown B．led C．attached D．rushed
15．A．media B．praise C．prize D．discussion
【答案】9．D 10．A 11．A 12．C 13．B 14．D 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了贝尔救起溺水女孩的英勇事迹。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：贝尔看着这个失去知觉的少女。A. active活跃的；B. positive积极的；C. unselfish无私的；D. unconscious失去知觉的。根据后文“Her face, her lips, even her ears were a ghostly blue.”可知，这个少女失去了知觉。故选D。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他开始用力按压她的胸部。A. pressing按压；B. beating打；C. patting轻拍；D. touching触摸。根据前文“But Bell’s recent CPR (心肺复苏) training kicked in.”可知，贝尔开始对少女进行心肺复苏，所以是按压她的胸部。故选A。
11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：按压了几下后，她从嘴里吐出水来。A. spat out吐出；B. poured out倾倒；C. forced out强迫出来；D. squeezed out挤出。根据前文“After a few compressions”可知，按压了几下后，少女从嘴里吐出水来。故选A。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他继续这个过程。A. reflection反思；B. training训练；C. process过程；D. routine常规。根据前文“He began ____10____ hard on her chest.”可知，贝尔继续对少女进行心肺复苏的过程。故选C。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：贝尔继续按压她的胸部，直到她深吸一口气，睁开眼睛。A. sleep睡觉；B. breath呼吸；C. dive潜水；D. sigh叹气。根据后文“opened her eyes”可知，少女深吸了一口气，睁开了眼睛。故选B。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们一到岸边，15岁的朱莉就被紧急送往最近的医院。A. flown飞；B. led带领；C. attached附上；D. rushed紧急送往。根据后文“to the nearest hospital”可知，朱莉被紧急送往医院。故选D。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对这种赞扬感到不舒服，告诉他的朋友们：“我不是英雄。我只是做了我需要做的事。”A. media媒体；B. praise赞扬；C. prize奖品；D. discussion讨论。根据前文“All the media called Bell a hero.”可知，贝尔对媒体的赞扬感到不舒服。故选B。
【例4-2】（25-26·浙江台州·一模）
On sunny weekends, crowds often 1 outside my house. Some smile 2 and hurry away; others stand firm, refusing to move until their photos are perfect. Once, a film crew 3 the entrance with heavy tripods (三脚架), and when I lifted my phone to record them, a man 4 , "Excuse me, do you mind " I snapped back, "Do you mind This is my house!"
Initially, a few passers-by paused for photos, but their curiosity was 5 . Then, early this year, a single post on social media 6 everything. Within weeks, groups of tourists came with cameras, and even clothes for quick costume changes. My quiet street turned into a (n) 7 .
1． A．complain B．gather C．applaud D．parade
2．A．sympathetically B．proudly C．apologetically D．kindly
3．A．guarded B．decorated C．marked D．blocked
4．A．nodded B．grinned C．frowned D．bowed
5．A．annoying B．harmless C．precious D．childish
6．A．changed B．started C．shared D．prevented
7．A．market B．playground C．stage D．exhibition
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．A 7．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自家被“网红”粉色房屋吸引而来的拍照大军而不堪骚扰，从最初的不满、对抗到最终学会接纳的故事。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每逢阳光明媚的周末，人群总会在我家门外聚集。A. complain抱怨；B. gather聚集；C. applaud鼓掌；D. parade游行。根据下文“outside my house”可知，人群是“聚集”在我的房子周围。故选B项。
2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：有人歉意地笑笑，匆匆离开。A. sympathetically同情地；B. proudly自豪地；C. apologetically歉意地；D. kindly友好地。根据下文“hurried away”可知，他们因打扰而“歉意”一笑。故选C项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一次，一个摄制组用沉重的三脚架堵住门口，我举起手机想记录时，一个男人皱眉说：“请问你介意吗？”我回怼：“你介意吗？这是我家的房子！”A. guarded守卫；B. decorated装饰；C. marked标记；D. blocked堵住。根据下文“with heavy tripods”可知，三脚架“堵住”入口，其余选项不符合语境。故选D项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一次，一个摄制组用沉重的三脚架堵住门口，我举起手机想记录时，一个男人皱眉说：“请问你介意吗？”我回怼：“你介意吗？这是我家的房子！”A. nodded点头；B. grinned咧嘴笑；C. frowned皱眉；D. bowed鞠躬。根据下文“Excuse me, do you mind ”可知，语境显示对方不悦，“皱眉”符合语境。故选C项。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：起初零星路人拍照，他们的好奇是无害的。A. annoying烦人；B. harmless无害；C. precious珍贵；D. childish幼稚。根据下文“Within weeks, groups of tourists came”可知，一开始路人的好奇心其实没有造成什么影响，也就是“无害的”，但是帖子改变了局面。故选B项。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年早春，一条社交媒体帖子改变了一切。A. changed改变；B. started开始；C. shared分享；D. prevented阻止。根据下文“Within weeks, groups of tourists came”可知，一开始路人的好奇心其实没有造成什么影响，也就是无害的，但是帖子“改变”了局面。故选A项。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我这条安静的街道变成了舞台。A. market市场；B. playground游乐场；C. stage舞台；D. exhibition展览。根据上文“even clothes for quick costume changes”可知，作者把街景比作“舞台”，突出被围观感。故选C项。
【变式4-1】（25-26高三·辽宁沈阳东北育才&等校·联考）
I had an old neighbor named Dr. Gibbs. When Dr. Gibbs wasn’t saving lives, he was planting trees. The good doctor had some interesting 1 concerning plant care and growth. He never watered his new trees, which was contrary to conventional wisdom. Once I asked why. He said that watering plants 2 them, which led to shallow roots, and how trees that weren’t watered had to grow deep roots in search of 3 . Also, he’d beaten them with a rolled-up 4 , which is now hard to come in handy in the digital era. Hit! Smack! Slap! 5 , I asked him why he did that, and he said it was to attract the tree’s 6 . Twenty-five years later, every now and again, I walk by his house and am greeted by the 7 , which are very strong now. In fact, I also planted a couple of trees a few years ago. I carried water to them, sprayed them and 8 for them. Years of 9 has resulted in trees that expect to be waited on hand and foot. Whenever a cold wind blows in, they 10 with fear.
I have two sons. Every night before I go to bed, I check on my two sons. I stand over them and watch their little 11 , the rising and falling of life within. I often pray for them, like I used to do with the trees. Mostly I hope that their lives will be easy . But lately I’ve been thinking that it’s time to change. I know my children are going to encounter 12 , and I’m praying they won’t be 13 , because life is tough, whether we want it to be or not. What we need to do is help 14 reach deep, so when the rains fall and the winds blow, they can 15 to it.
1．A．theories B．myths C．issues D．contents
2．A．improved B．boosted C．destroyed D．spoiled
3．A．water B．nutrients C．soil D．minerals
4．A．leaf B．newspaper C．stick D．sleeve
5．A．However B．Unfortunately C．Curiously D．Undoubtedly
6．A．punishment B．attention C．assistance D．sympathy
7．A．trees B．family C．neighbors D．welcome
8．A．prayed B．communicated C．blessed D．fertilized
9．A．nursing B．serving C．growing D．counting
10．A．escape B．tremble C．suffer D．swing
11．A．hands B．cheeks C．bodies D．noses
12．A．acquaintance B．depression C．hardship D．resistance
13．A．fragile B．pessimistic C．naughty D．scared
14．A．roots B．philosophy C．thoughts D．concepts
15．A．live up B．pick up C．stand up D．pull up
【变式4-2】（24-25高三上·湖南郴州·一测）
“Mom, we need to come up with a hobby to do together on Skype,” my daughter Kristen said one day. Two years ago, Kristen had moved from Philadelphia to San Francisco. While we had video calls regularly, she longed for something more 1 .
I thought hard and said, “You know I’m terrible at 2 , but what about making pot holders ” I remembered 3 them with cotton threads over a small loom (织布机). They were simple to master, but I hoped I still had the skills.
Without hesitation, Kristen accepted the 4 . She immediately 5 weaving looms and materials for both of us online, calling our project “Patti’s Pot Holders”. And so, our weekly crafting 6 began.
We spend time 7 the instructions through the Skype video call: 8 the threads horizontally to the sides of the frame, the题型12 完形填空（句内层次题）
题型简介
句内层次题是高考英语完形填空中考查语言微观应用能力的基础题型。该题型要求考生仅依据空格所在句子的内部信息，便能确定正确答案，无需依赖上下文其他句子。
在高考英语完形填空中，句内层次题是衡量学生语言基本功是否扎实的关键标尺。它并非孤立地考查词汇量，而是对学生精准掌握词汇内涵、熟练运用语法结构、敏锐辨析句子内部逻辑关系等核心能力的综合检验。随着高考对语言应用精确性要求的不断提升，确保此类题目的得分率，对于学生构建解题信心、稳固成绩基础具有至关重要的战略意义，是学生在完形填空部分稳健发挥的基石。
该题型主要考查四大方向：根据句子内部逻辑关系选词、根据词汇复现或同现关系选词、根据固定搭配与习惯用法选词以及根据生活常识或文化背景知识选词。
设题类型&解题思路
考向01 根据逻辑关系分析选词
在高考英语完形填空的句内层次题中，“根据逻辑关系分析选词”是核心的考查方向之一。这类题目不单纯测试词汇量，而是聚焦于考生对单个句子内部逻辑脉络的敏锐洞察力与严谨推理能力。其本质是要求考生识别出句子各成分之间隐含或明示的逻辑纽带，并据此推断出空格处唯一合乎逻辑的词语，从而确保句子在意思和结构上达成内在统一与自洽。
1. 并列与递进关系
设题角度：空格前后信息在语义上呈同等重要、并列列举或程度加深的关系。
逻辑标志：and, or, as well as, not only...but also..., besides, moreover, what’s more等。
解题关键：填入的词语须与句中另一成分在词性、色彩（褒贬）或语义范畴上构成平行并列或层层推进。例如，若前文描述积极行动，空格处常需填入另一个积极的、同向的词语。
示例：“The project was not only completed on time but also ___ the highest quality standards.” (该项目不仅准时完成，而且 ___ 最高质量标准。)
解题关键：not only...but also... 连接两个并列的谓语部分。completed（完成）是积极动作，空格处也应填入一个积极的动词，且能与“质量标准”搭配，如 met（达到/符合）或 exceeded（超越）。
2. 转折与对比关系
设题角度：空格处信息与句中已知信息在语义上形成直接对立、矛盾或意外对比。
逻辑标志：but, however, yet, although, though, while, whereas, on the contrary, instead等。
解题关键：这是高频考点。解题时需牢牢把握“转折之后是重点”的原则，明确转折词前后的语义反差，从而选择能构成最鲜明、最合理对比的词语。答案往往与前半句的提示词在情感或方向上相反。
示例：“The dress looked quite expensive, ___ it was actually very affordable.” (这条裙子看起来相当昂贵，___ 它实际上非常便宜。)
解题关键：looked expensive（看起来贵）与 very affordable（很便宜）构成直接的价格对比，空格处需填入表示转折的连词 but。
3. 因果与解释关系
设题角度：空格处或是某事的原因，或是某事导致的结果，或是对前文观点的进一步解释说明。
逻辑标志：because, since, as, for, so, therefore, thus, as a result, so...that..., such...that...等。
解题关键：理清因与果的链条。若空格表“因”，则需在句中寻找“果”的线索；若空格表“果”，则需回溯句中给出的“因”。填入的词语必须能使这种因果关系成立且合乎常理。
示例： “He practiced the violin so diligently that he eventually ___ a place in the orchestra.” (他练习小提琴如此勤奋，以至于最终 ___ 了管弦乐队的一个席位。)
解题关键：so...that... 结构表明，前句“勤奋练习”是“因”，后句是导致的“果”。这个“果”应是积极、应得的结果，如 won（赢得）、secured（获得）或 earned（挣得）。
4. 让步关系
设题角度：先承认或假设某一种情况，但主句引出的结果并不受此情况影响，甚至与之相反。
逻辑标志：although, though, even if, even though, while, in spite of, despite等。
解题关键：把握“让步”与“转折”的呼应。让步从句的内容常为一种障碍或相反预期，主句才是表达的真正核心和结果。空格若设在主句，其语义常需“克服”或“无视”从句提到的障碍。
示例：“___ the heavy rain, the outdoor concert proceeded smoothly as planned.” (___ 大雨，户外音乐会仍按计划顺利进行。)
解题关键：主句 proceeded smoothly（顺利进行）是积极结果，与 the heavy rain（大雨）这一不利条件构成反差。空格处需填入表示“尽管”的介词或短语，如 Despite 或 In spite of。
5. 条件与假设关系
设题角度：空格处信息依赖于句中提出的某种条件或假设才能成立。
逻辑标志：if, unless, once, as long as, provided that等。
解题关键：明确条件与结果之间的必然联系。根据条件的性质（真实条件或虚拟条件），判断结果应有的状态或动作，从而选出最匹配的词语。
示例：“You will surely make great progress ___ you keep up with your current efforts.” (只要你 ___ 保持目前的努力，你一定会取得巨大进步。)
解题关键：主句 make great progress（取得巨大进步）是积极结果，其实现依赖于一个持续性的条件。空格处需填入引导条件状语从句的连词，表示“只要”，如 as long as 或 if。
考向02 根据生活常识或文化背景选词
“根据生活常识或文化背景选词”是一个独特且重要的考查方向。它超越了纯粹的语言知识，重点检验学生将普遍生活经验、基本科学常识或特定文化背景知识应用于具体语境的能力。解题时，考生往往无需复杂分析句子结构，而是需要调用自身知识储备，识别出最符合常理或文化惯例的选项。
1. 基于普遍生活经验与客观规律
设题角度：答案需符合人们在日常生活中观察、体验到的基本规律和常识。
常见语境：描述自然现象、日常活动、身体反应、时间顺序等。
解题关键：调用最基础的生活经验进行判断。
示例： “When you cut an onion, your eyes often start to ___.”
解题关键：根据生活常识，切洋葱会刺激眼睛，导致“流泪”。因此，填入 water（流泪）或 tear up 是最直接、最合理的答案。
2. 基于社会行为规范与场景逻辑
设题角度：答案需符合在特定公共场所或社会场景下，人们普遍遵守的行为准则、惯例或职业要求。
常见语境：校园、医院、图书馆、交通、紧急情况等场景下的行为描述。
解题关键：设想自己身处该场景，依据公序良俗和社会规则进行推理。
示例：“In a library, we should keep our voices down to maintain a quiet ___ for everyone.”
解题关键：图书馆的核心公共规则是保持安静，以维护一个适合阅读的“环境”。因此，填入 environment（环境）或 atmosphere（氛围）符合场景逻辑。
3. 基于特定文化背景知识
设题角度：答案需符合以英语国家为主的主流文化习俗、节日传统或特定象征意义。
常见语境：涉及节日（如圣诞节、感恩节）、饮食文化、礼仪习俗、历史常识等。
解题关键：需积累一定的英美文化常识，理解其文化内涵。
示例：“On Thanksgiving Day, it's a tradition for families to gather and share a roast ___.”
解题关键：了解感恩节文化可知，烤火鸡是节日最经典的传统主菜。因此，填入 turkey（火鸡）是唯一符合文化背景的答案。
4. 基于事物固有属性与功能
设题角度：答案需符合某一事物（工具、物品、场所）的基本功能、属性或使用目的。
常见语境：涉及工具的使用、物品的存放、场所的功能等。
解题关键：从事物的本质用途出发进行思考。
示例：“We use a ___ to erase pencil marks on paper.”
解题关键：根据文具的功能，用来擦除铅笔痕迹的自然是“橡皮”。因此，填入 rubber（英式）或 eraser（美式）。
5. 基于基本科学常识
设题角度：答案需符合基础的自然科学或健康常识。
常见语境：涉及简单的物理、化学、生物或健康养生知识。
解题关键：运用中学阶段的基础科学知识进行判断。
示例：
“Plants need sunlight to carry out ___， which helps them grow.”
解题关键：根据基础生物知识，植物需要阳光进行“光合作用”以制造养分。因此，填入 photosynthesis（光合作用）符合科学常识。
考向03 根据对应成分分析选词
“根据对应成分分析选词”是一种侧重于句子内部语法结构与语义搭配和谐性的考查方式。它要求考生通过分析空格在句中所充当的语法成分（如主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等），并找到与之在形式、意义或逻辑上形成直接呼应的另一成分，从而推断出正确答案。这类题目直接检验考生的基础语法功底与语言的精确感知能力。
1. 主谓搭配关系
设题角度：考查主语与谓语动词之间在语法（如单复数、时态、语态）和语义上的合理匹配。
解题关键：分析主语的性质（人/物、单数/复数、抽象/具体），判断其可能发出或承受的动作。确保谓语动词的形式和意义与主语逻辑自洽。
示例：“The news from the front, along with the vivid images on TV, ___ deep anxiety among the public.”
解题关键：主语为 The news，核心是单数。along with... 引导的是附加成分，不影响主谓一致。因此，谓语动词需用单数形式。同时，“消息”本身会“引起”焦虑，故填入 caused。
2. 动宾搭配关系
设题角度：考查动词与宾语（或介词与宾语）之间是否符合习惯用法和逻辑语义。
解题关键：根据宾语的内容，选择与之最常搭配、能构成合理动作关系的动词或介词。这常涉及固定短语或习惯表达。
示例：“The new policy aims to ___ the gap between urban and rural education resources.”
解题关键：宾语是 the gap（差距）。与“差距”搭配的动词，表示“消除”或“缩小”最为合理，如 bridge（弥合）、narrow（缩小）或 close（消除）。aims to（旨在）体现了政策目的。
3. 修饰关系
设题角度：考查形容词与名词、副词与动词/形容词/句子等修饰语与被修饰成分之间的恰当性。
解题关键：确保修饰语在程度、范围、情感色彩、逻辑上与被修饰的中心词完全匹配。空格处的词必须能精准描述中心词的特征或动作的方式。
示例：“After a ___ debate that lasted for hours, the committee finally reached a consensus.”
解题关键：被修饰的中心词是 debate（辩论），且持续了数小时。因此，填入一个能形容长时间辩论特征的形容词最为合适，如 heated（激烈的）、lengthy（冗长的）或 thorough（彻底的）。
4. 并列结构对应
设题角度：通过 and, or, but, not only...but also... 等并列连词，设置空格使其与句中另一并列成分在词性、形式、语义范畴或色彩上保持平行。
解题关键：识别并列连词，找到与之并列的参照成分，确保填入的词在语法功能和语义类型上与之严格对等。
示例：“A good teacher should be not only knowledgeable ___ also patient and inspiring.”
解题关键：not only...but also... 连接两个并列表语。knowledgeable（知识渊博的）是形容词，描述教师的品质。因此，also 后引导的也应是一系列形容词品质。空格本身是结构词，需填入 but 以构成完整并列结构。
5. 比较结构对应
设题角度：在 than, as...as..., the more...the more... 等比较结构中，考查比较对象、比较结果或程度副词的对应关系。
解题关键：理清比较的双方，确保比较的对象具有可比性。当空格处在比较级或程度状语位置时，需确保其与比较逻辑一致。
示例： “The project was ___ more complex than we had initially anticipated.”
解题关键：more complex 已是比较级，前面需要填入一个修饰比较级的程度副词，表示“远比…得多”。因此，much、far 或 a lot 等为正确选项。
考向04 根据习惯用法或固定搭配选词
“根据习惯用法或固定搭配选词”是考查语言“地道性”和“准确性”的核心方向。这类题目不依赖于上下文逻辑推理，而纯粹检验考生对英语中约定俗成的词组、短语、句型结构的记忆与掌握程度。解题的关键在于识别出空格前后词汇构成的“固定框架”，并据此从记忆中提取唯一或最地道的搭配词。
1. 动词短语
设题角度：考查“动词+小品词（介词/副词）”构成的固定短语，其整体意义往往不等于各部分的简单相加。
逻辑/结构标志：空格前为动词，后接介词或副词；或者空格后为名词/代词，需选择正确的动词和小品词组合。
解题关键：准确记忆常见动词短语的构成及含义（如 give up 放弃， look into 调查）。
示例： “We must ___ the facts before making a decision. Let's look into the matter carefully.”
解题关键：第二句的 look into（调查）直接解释了前一句的行为。因此，前句需要填入一个与 look into 同义或近义的动词短语。look into 的同义短语可以是 investigate 或 examine，但考虑到搭配，更常见的表达是直接使用 look into 或 check out。但原句已给出动词 look，故典型考法是 We must look into the facts...。若需填动词，则填 investigate。
2. 介词固定搭配
设题角度：考查名词、动词、形容词与特定介词构成的固定组合。
逻辑/结构标志：“名词 + ___ + 名词” 或 “动词/形容词 + ___ + 名词/动名词”。
常见结构如：have a gift for（有…天赋），be proud of（为…自豪），depend on（依赖于）。
解题关键：牢记核心词（名、动、形）的“伴侣介词”。
示例：“Her constant dedication ___ her work earned her great respect from colleagues.”
解题关键：名词 dedication（奉献）的固定搭配介词是 to，表示“对…的奉献”。因此，填入 to。
3. 常见句型结构
设题角度：考查一些特定句型中的固定用词，这些句型本身就是一个完整的“搭配框架”。
逻辑/结构标志：如 so...that...（如此…以至于…），such...that...，the more..., the more...（越…越…），not only...but also...（不仅…而且…），prefer to do A rather than do B（宁愿A而不愿B）等。
解题关键：识别句型标志词，补全框架中缺失的部分。
示例： “It was ___ a moving story that everyone in the room was in tears.”
解题关键：that 引导结果状语从句，且前有 a moving story（一个感人的故事），这是“such + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + that...”的经典句型。因此，填入 such。
4. 形容词固定搭配
设题角度：考查形容词与介词、不定式或从句的固定连接方式。
逻辑/结构标志：be + 形容词 + ___ + 宾语，或 be + 形容词 + to do。
解题关键：记忆形容词的后续要求，如 be interested in（对…感兴趣），be full of（充满），be likely to do（可能做某事）。
示例： “He is always very considerate and ready to help, so he is popular ___ his classmates.”
解题关键：形容词 popular（受欢迎的）的固定搭配是 be popular with/among sb.（受…欢迎）。因此，填入 with 或 among。
5. 习语与惯用表达
设题角度：考查英语中一些完整的、不可拆分的习惯用语或俚语。
逻辑/结构标志：结构固定，意义具有整体性，不能按字面理解。
解题关键：依赖平时积累，直接识别并调用。
示例：“Don't worry about the small mistake. It's not the ___ of the world.”
解题关键：习语 It's not the end of the world.（这不是世界末日。/没什么大不了的。）是固定表达。因此，填入 end。
考向01 根据逻辑关系分析选词
【例1-1】（25-26高三上·浙江富阳中学&·三校联考节选）
Each month, Melanie Goldbergo volunteers at the local food bank. This past December, she had the 1 of visiting the Food Bank of the Rio Grande Valley in McAllen, where she’s learned that poverty has a very different 2 in the media compared to real life. Hunger is not just a distant issue; it also 3 in the U.S.,where over 47 million people face food 4 .
During her visit, Melanie helped deliver meals to families who were often 5 to accept help out of concerns for their privacy. Unlike her experiences at home, where food distribution was 6 , the atmosphere in McAllen was messy and more personal.But this allowed her to feel 7 to the community. Below, Melanie shares her 8 on the experience.
1．A．option B．privilege C．freedom D．intention
2．A．expression B．definition C．image D．discovery
3．A．works B．survives C．progresses D．exists
4．A．insecurity B．quality C．addiction D．industry
5．A．cheerful B．ready C．hesitant D．patient
6．A．promised B．valued C．encouraged D．organized
7．A．exposed B．connected C．opposed D．related
8．A．recommendations B．influences C．reflections D．decisions
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．D 7．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了梅兰妮 戈德伯格在当地食品银行做志愿者的经历，通过走访格兰德河谷食品银行，她对贫困与饥饿有了更真实的认知，坚定了为消除饥饿贡献力量的决心。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年12月，她有幸参观了麦卡伦市的格兰德河谷食品银行，在那里她了解到，贫困在媒体上的形象与现实生活大相径庭。A. option选择；B. privilege特权、荣幸；C. freedom自由；D. intention意图。根据后文“of visiting the Food Bank of the Rio Grande Valley in McAllen”可知，她有幸参观了麦卡伦市的格兰德河谷食品银行，“privilege”体现“有幸参与”的珍视感，符合语境。故选B项。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年12月，她有幸参观了麦卡伦市的格兰德河谷食品银行，在那里她了解到，贫困在媒体上的形象与现实生活大相径庭。A. expression表达；B. definition定义；C. image形象；D. discovery发现。根据常识可知，媒体呈现的内容往往是经过加工的“形象”，与真实的贫困状况存在差异，“image”符合“媒体呈现与现实对比”的语境。故选C项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：饥饿不仅仅是一个遥远的问题；它在美国也存在，超过4700万人面临粮食不安全问题。A. works工作；B. survives幸存；C. progresses进步；D. exists存在。根据前文“Hunger is not just a distant issue”可知，前文否定饥饿是“遥远问题”，强调其在美“存在”的客观性，“exists”直接呼应“not just a distant issue”。故选D项。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：饥饿不仅仅是一个遥远的问题；它在美国也存在，超过4700万人面临粮食不安全问题。A. insecurity不安全；B. quality质量；C. addiction上瘾；D. industry产业。根据前文“Hunger is not just a distant issue”可知，超过4700万人面临粮食不安全问题。“food insecurity”为固定表达，指“粮食不安全”，即无法稳定获得足够食物的状态，符合贫困与饥饿的语境。故选A项。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：访问期间，梅兰妮帮助向那些因担心隐私而往往犹豫受帮助的家庭运送食物。A. cheerful愉快的；B. ready准备好的；C. hesitant犹豫的；D. patient耐心的。根据前文“concerns for their privacy”可知，家庭因隐私顾虑会“犹豫”接受帮助，“hesitant”体现其矛盾心态。故选C项。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与她在家乡的经历不同，那里的食品分发很有条理，而麦卡伦的氛围则比较混乱，也更具人情味。A. promised承诺的；B. valued宝贵的；C. encouraged受鼓励的；D. organized有条理的。根据后文“messy”（混乱的）形成对比，家乡的食品分发应是“有条理的”，“organized”符合对比逻辑。故选D项。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这让她感觉与社区紧密相连。A. exposed暴露的；B. connected相连的；C. opposed反对的；D. related相关的。根据前文“the atmosphere in McAllen was messy and more personal”可知，混乱却有人情味的氛围让她更贴近社区居民，“feel connected to”为固定搭配，表“感觉与……相连”，体现情感联结。故选B项。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：下面，梅兰妮分享她对这次经历的感悟。A. recommendations建议；B. influences影响；C. reflections感悟、反思；D. decisions决定。结合后文她对经历的思考与收获，此处指分享“感悟”，“reflections”符合“事后思考总结”的语境。故选C项。
【例1-2】（2026·浙江湖州吴兴区等5地·一模节选）
James Smith has long succeeded in competition, even in snowball fights as a child. Now that he’s 80, his 1 edge has only gotten sharper. “Many have said, ‘You’re crazy,’” said Smith, who visits doctors every few months to check on his 2 . “But they’ve never told me not to 3 .”
Smith not only runs ultramarathons—races longer than 26.2 miles that often take days to 4 —he also sets records. Smith said, “I’ve never really thought of my 5 as an obstacle, I kind of have the 6 of “If somebody else can do it, you know, why can’t I ”
……….
After he finished Badwater Ultramarathon, one of the world’s hardest footraces, Smith told his trainer Michael Johnson that it would be his 13 ultramarathon. Smith hasn’t 14 another race—but Johnson said he would probably find one soon. “He’s showing what’s 15 not just for him, but for you too, for me, for all of us,” said Johnson.
1．A．knowledgeable B．competitive C．creative D．influential
2．A．recovery B．progress C．health D．memory
3．A．run B．jump C．play D．leave
4．A．watch B．complete C．approach D．maintain
5．A．appearance B．gender C．personality D．age
6．A．expectation B．choice C．attitude D．method
13．A．upcoming B．favourite C．last D．unforgettable
14．A．missed B．finished C．won D．scheduled
15．A．real B．necessary C．possible D．useful
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．C 13．C 14．D 15．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了80岁的詹姆斯 史密斯仍热衷超级马拉松并创纪录，其跑步背后有多重故事，不仅激励他人，更向所有人展示了突破局限的可能。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如今他80岁了，竞争优势却愈发突出。A. knowledgeable博学的；B. competitive竞争的；C. creative有创造力的；D. influential有影响力的。根据上文“long succeeded in competition”可知，他一直擅长竞争，competitive与“competition”为同根词复现，符合语境。故选B项。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：史密斯每隔几个月就去看医生检查健康状况。A. recovery康复；B. progress进步；C. health健康；D. memory记忆。根据上文“visits doctors every few months to check on his”以及语境可知，80岁的老人定期看医生，核心目的是检查身体健康，health符合“就医检查的核心对象”的语境。故选C项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“但他们从没让我不要跑步。”A. run跑步；B. jump跳跃；C. play玩耍；D. leave离开。根据下文“runs ultramarathons”可知，他的核心活动是跑步，医生未禁止的也是这项运动，run为原词复现。故选A项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：史密斯不仅跑超级马拉松，超级马拉松赛程超过26.2英里，通常需要数天才能完成。A. watch观看；B. complete完成；C. approach接近；D. maintain维持。根据上文“races longer than 26.2 miles”以及语境可知，此处指完成比赛，complete符合“结束赛程”的语境。故选B项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从未真正把自己的年龄当作障碍。A. appearance外貌；B. gender性别；C. personality性格；D. age年龄。根据上文“ he’s 80”可知，前文提到他80岁，这是他与其他跑者最明显的差异，age对应“80岁”这一关键信息。故选D项。
6． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有种这样的态度：如果别人能做到，你知道的，我为什么不能？A. expectation期待；B. choice选择；C. attitude态度；D. method方法。根据下文“If somebody else can do it, you know, why can’t I ”可知，这是一种看待事物的心态，attitude符合“对某事的看法和心态”的语境。故选C项。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这将是他最后一场超级马拉松。A. upcoming即将到来的；B. favourite最喜欢的；C. last最后的；D. unforgettable难忘的。根据下文“but Johnson said he would probably find one soon”以及语境可知，前后形成转折，此处指他原本说这是最后一场，last符合语境。故选C项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：史密斯还没有安排另一场比赛，但约翰逊说他可能很快就会找到。A. missed错过；B. finished完成；C. won赢得；D. scheduled安排。根据下文“he would probably find one soon”可知，他目前还没确定下一场比赛，即未安排，scheduled符合“规划、确定时间”的语境。故选D项。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他在展示什么是可能的—— 不仅对他自己，对你、对我、对我们所有人来说都是如此。A. real真实的；B. necessary必要的；C. possible可能的；D. useful有用的。根据上文“he finished Badwater Ultramarathon”以及语境可知，80岁的史密斯仍能完成超级马拉松，这证明了年龄不是限制，展示了看似不可能的事其实可以实现，possible符合“打破局限、证明可行性”的语境。故选C项。
【变式1-1】（2026·浙江宁波海曙&4地·一模）
Wyatt Smuszko, a teenager with Down syndrome (唐氏综合征), felt lonely as he grew. His mother, Deanne Frère, watched with a heavy heart because his opportunities to connect with the world 1 .
That’s when Deanne and her son 2 an idea — a stall (摊位) called “Wild Wild Wyatt” and Wyatt became “the boss” of his own business selling second-hand cowboy clothing. Soon this pop-up stall became his unique 3 . “There, he learned to look customers in the eye, shake hands, and explain the story behind each 4 shirt and pair of boots.” recalled Deanne.
People didn’t just buy; they 5 . They stopped for a while, chatting with Wyatt, knowing their 6 was for a larger cause. Wyatt’s stall soon piled up with donated cowboy clothing from a (n) 7 community. After two successful years, Wyatt had raised an impressive $ 5,000 for charity. Upon his graduation, he 8 the business proudly to Samantha Webber, a 15-year-old with the same disease and a fan of cowboy clothing who had once bought her first pair of cowboy boots from him.
9 , Samantha stepped right into the role of running the business, which she renamed “Stampede Samantha’s Country Sparkle”. Like Wyatt, she organized new 10 and planned to donate her profits to charity.
Watching Samantha greet her first customer, Wyatt 11 . For him, the greatest 12 wasn’t the money raised, but the confidence gained and the 13 that his idea would develop in Samantha’s hands.
From Wyatt’s first brave “ 14 ” to Samantha’s successful takeover, what began as a solution to isolation blossomed into a 15 of kindness.
1．A．surfaced B．faded C．multiplied D．changed
2．A．ruled out B．struggled with C．hit upon D．made up
3．A．laboratory B．classroom C．dorm D．office
4．A．well-worn B．hard-won C．home-made D．custom-fit
5．A．bargained B．compromised C．celebrated D．connected
6．A．approval B．curiosity C．sacrifice D．purchase
7．A．supportive B．energetic C．wealthy D．competitive
8．A．narrowed down B．handed over C．showed off D．brought back
9．A．Nervous B．Relieved C．Thrilled D．Hesitant
10．A．sales B．talks C．games D．shows
11．A．shouted B．bowed C．sighed D．smiled
12．A．challenge B．secret C．reward D．idea
13．A．proposal B．knowledge C．assumption D．lesson
14．A．hello B．thanks C．no D．goodbye
15．A．source B．word C．history D．chain
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．A 11．D 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述唐氏综合征少年怀亚特因孤独与母亲创办二手牛仔服饰摊位，学会交流并为慈善筹款5000美元。他毕业后将摊位传给同龄患者萨曼莎，这份善意与事业得以传承。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的母亲德安妮·弗雷尔心情沉重地注视着他，因为儿子与外界接触的机会越来越少。A. surfaced浮出水面；B. faded逐渐消失，褪色；C. multiplied增加；D. changed改变。根据上文“felt lonely as he grew”可知，指儿子因为患有唐氏综合征，与外界接触的机会越来越少。故选B。
2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：就在那时，黛安娜和她的儿子想到了一个主意——开一家名为“狂野的威亚特”的店铺，而威亚特则成为了自己二手牛仔服饰销售生意的“老板”。A. ruled out排除；B. struggled with与……斗争；C. hit upon想到；D. made up组成。根据后文“an idea — a stall called “Wild Wild Wyatt””可知，他们想到了开店的主意。故选C。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快，这个临时搭建的摊位就成了他专属的教室。A. laboratory实验室；B. classroom教室；C. dorm宿舍；D. office办公室。根据后文“he learned to look customers in the eye, shake hands, and explain the story”可知，摊位成了儿子学习社交的地方，即教室。故选B。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“在那里，他学会了要直视顾客的眼睛、握手，并且能够向他们详细讲述每一件破旧衬衫和每一双靴子背后的故事。”黛安回忆道。A. well-worn旧的；B. hard-won来之不易的；C. home-made自制的；D. custom-fit定制的。根据上文“selling second-hand cowboy clothing”可知，摊位出售二手物品，即讲述每一件破旧衬衫和每一双靴子背后的故事。故选A。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们不再只是购买商品，而是建立了联系。A. bargained讨价还价；B. compromised妥协；C. celebrated庆祝；D. connected连接。根据后文“They stopped for a while, chatting with Wyatt”可知，顾客和儿子建立了联系。故选D。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们停了下来，与怀亚特交谈了一会儿，他们清楚这次购买是为了一个更大的目标。A. approval赞成；B. curiosity好奇心；C. sacrifice牺牲；D. purchase购买。呼应上文“People didn’t just buy”指人们清楚这次购买是为了一个更大的目标。故选D。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：怀亚特的摊位很快就堆满了来自一个支持他的社区捐赠的牛仔服饰。A. supportive支持的；B. energetic精力充沛的；C. wealthy富有的；D. competitive竞争的。根据后文“After two successful years, Wyatt had raised an impressive $5, 000 for charity.(经过两年的不懈努力，怀亚特为慈善事业筹集到了令人瞩目的5000美元善款)”可知，摊位筹集善款，堆满了来自一个支持他的社区捐赠的牛仔服饰。故选A。
8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：毕业后，他满怀自豪地将公司交给了萨曼莎·韦伯，萨曼莎今年15岁，患有同样的疾病，还喜欢牛仔服饰。她曾从他那里购买过自己的第一双牛仔靴。A. narrowed down缩小范围；B. handed over交给；C. showed off炫耀；D. brought back带回。根据后文“Samantha stepped right into the role of running the business”可知，怀亚特满怀自豪地将公司交给了萨曼莎·韦伯，故选B。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：兴奋不已的萨曼莎毫不犹豫地承担起了经营生意的重任，并将生意更名为“萨曼莎·斯塔姆佩的乡村闪耀”。A. Nervous紧张的；B. Relieved安慰的；C. Thrilled激动的；D. Hesitant犹豫的。根据后文“which she renamed “Stampede Samantha’s Country Sparkle””可知，给生意更名说明对经营生意兴奋不已。故选C。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：和怀亚特一样，她组织了新的销售活动，并计划将所得利润捐赠给慈善机构。A. sales销售；B. talks谈话；C. games游戏；D. shows展示。根据上文“his own business selling second-hand cowboy clothing”可知，摊位主要是销售二手物品，和怀亚特一样，她组织了新的销售活动，故选A。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：看着萨曼莎向她的第一位顾客打招呼，怀亚特露出了笑容。A. shouted叫喊；B. bowed鞠躬；C. sighed叹息；D. smiled微笑。根据上文“Watching Samantha greet her first customer, Wyatt”可知，怀亚特把生意交给了萨曼莎经营，所以看着萨曼莎向她的第一位顾客打招呼，怀亚特露出了笑容。故选D。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对他而言，最大的收获并非筹集到的资金，而是所获得的信心，以及坚信自己的想法会在萨曼莎的手中得以发展。A. challenge挑战；B. secret秘密；C. reward奖励，收获；D. idea想法。根据上文“After two successful years, Wyatt had raised an impressive $5,000 for charity.(经过两年的不懈努力，怀亚特为慈善事业筹集到了令人瞩目的5000美元善款)”以及后文“wasn’t the money raised”可知，对他而言，最大的收获并非筹集到的资金，故选C。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对怀亚特而言，最大的回报并非筹集到的资金，而是收获的自信，以及知晓自己的想法能在萨曼莎手中得以延续的欣慰。A. proposal提议；B. knowledge知道，知识；C. assumption假设；D. lesson课程。根据后文“that his idea would develop in Samantha’s hands”可知，他知晓自己的想法能在萨曼莎手中得以延续。故选B。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从怀亚特那勇敢的“你好”到萨曼莎的成功接管，起初只是为解决孤独问题而采取的措施，最终却发展成了一个充满善意的“链条”。A. hello你好；B. thanks感谢；C. no不；D. goodbye再见。根据上文“felt lonely as he grew”可知，摊位一开始是为了让怀亚特摆脱孤独，和人们建立联系，即从问候人们“你好”开始，故选A。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从怀亚特那勇敢的“你好”到萨曼莎的成功接管，起初只是为解决孤独问题而采取的措施，最终却发展成了一个充满善意的“链条”。A. source来源；B. word单词；C. history历史；D. chain链条。根据上文“the business proudly to Samantha Webber”以及“to Samantha’s successful takeover”可知，善举得到了传递，发展成了一个充满善意的“链条”。故选D。
【变式1-2】（2026·广西柳州·一模）
I used to be a determined maker of New Year’s goals. Each January 1st, I would 1 ambitious goals like running a marathon or losing 50 pounds. However, my willpower always 2 by February, leaving me with guilt and a sense of 3 .
Everything 4 two years ago. It started with what I thought was a lasting stomach issue. After suffering severe pain for weeks, I finally went to the doctor. To my shock, I was 5 with breast cancer. Worse still, doctors later found the pain came from appendix (阑尾) cancer — I was battling two cancers at once! The 6 treatments that followed taught me a priceless 7 : being alive with my family was the greatest 8 .
This made me realize that every day is a fresh start, not just January Ist. So I chose to 9 New Year’s grand goals. Now I focus on small, 10 goals, like running 20 minutes three times a week instead of a marathon. These small wins 11 satisfaction and the motivation to keep going.
I also build new habits on old ones. For instance, I turned daily fruits and vegetables into a 12 . After months of 13 it, I recently added drinking more water. Nearly losing my life made me value every moment 14 . I still pursue self-improvement, but small steps 15 me from guilt and keep me moving forward.
1． A．adjust B．reach C．set D．break
2．A．faded B．remained C．strengthened D．recovered
3．A．insecurity B．failure C．pride D．relief
4．A．paused B．continued C．returned D．changed
5．A．associated B．connected C．infected D．diagnosed
6．A．slow B．tough C．smooth D．gentle
7．A．skill B．experience C．lesson D．memory
8．A．problem B．comfort C．blessing D．challenge
9．A．abandon B．maintain C．expand D．postpone
10．A．achievable B．grand C．distant D．complex
11．A．store B．bring C．find D．waste
12．A．habit B．custom C．rule D．task
13．A．focusing on B．sticking to C．depending on D．giving up
14．A．casually B．deliberately C．suddenly D．deeply
15．A．separate B．invite C．free D．call
【答案】
1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．C 9．A 10．A 11．B 12．A 13．B 14．D 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过患癌经历领悟到生命可贵，转而放弃宏大的年度目标，专注于小而可行的每日习惯。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每年1月1日我都会制定诸如跑马拉松或减重50磅这样的宏大目标。A. adjust调整；B. reach达到；C. set设置；D. break打破。根据原文第一句“I used to be a determined maker of New Year’s goals.(曾经是一个坚定的新年目标制定者。)”和空格后的“ambitious goals like running a marathon or losing 50 pounds”可知，此处表示“制定目标”。set goals“设置目标”。故选C项。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我的意志力总在二月就消退了，只留下内疚和失败感。A. faded消退；B. remained保持；C. strengthened加强；D. recovered恢复。根据原文下文的“leaving me with guilt”可知，感到内疚肯定是因为意志力减弱。故选A项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，我的意志力总在二月就消退了，只留下内疚和失败感。A. insecurity不安全感；B. failure失败；C. pride自豪；D. relief释然。根据上文的“However, my willpower always　2　by February, leaving me with guilt”可知，因为意志力消退，感到内疚，所以肯定没有达成目标。故选B项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一切都在两年前改变了。A. paused暂停；B. continued继续；C. returned返回；D. changed改变。根据下文的“two years ago”及后文患癌事件可知，生活发生转变。故选D项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：令我震惊的是，我被诊断出患有乳腺癌。A. associated关联；B. connected连接；C. infected感染；D. diagnosed诊断。根据上文的“After suffering severe pain for weeks, I finally went to the doctor.”和下文的“with breast career”医学语境，用“诊断”符合语境。故选D项。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随后艰难的治疗教会了我宝贵的一课：与家人一起活着就是最大的福气。A. slow缓慢的；B. tough艰难的；C. smooth顺利的；D. gentle温和的。根据上文的“I was battling two cancers at once!”可知，作者身患两种癌症，推知治疗艰难，故选B项。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随后艰难的治疗教会了我宝贵的一课：与家人一起活着就是最大的福气。A. skill技能；B. experience经验；C. lesson教训；课程；D. memory记忆。根据上文的“taught me a priceless ”和下文的“being alive with my family was the greatest 8 ”可知，此处考查固定搭配用“teach somebody a lesson(给某人一个教训)”。故选C项。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随后艰难的治疗教会了我宝贵的一课：与家人一起活着就是最大的福气。A. problem问题；B. comfort安慰；C. blessing福气；D. challenge挑战。根据上文的“being alive with my family”和语境可知，作者身患癌症，所以活着和家人在一起就是最大的福气，用blessing符合语境。故选C项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：于是我选择放弃新年的宏大目标。A. abandon放弃；B. maintain维持；C. expand扩展；D. postpone推迟。根据下文的“Now I focus on small, 　10　goals”可知，作者放弃宏大目标，专注于小目标。故选A项。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在我只专注于小而可实现的目标，比如每周跑三次，每次20分钟，而不是马拉松。A. achievable可实现的；B. grand宏大的；C. distant遥远的；D. complex复杂的。根据原文的“small”和“20 minutes three times a week”可知，此处指的是可实现的目标。故选A项。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些小胜利带来满足感和继续前进的动力。A. store储存；B. bring带来；C. find找到；D. waste浪费。根据上文的“These small wins”和下文的“satisfaction and motivation”可知，用bring符合语境，指“带来满足感和继续前进的动力”。故选B项。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，我把每日吃水果蔬菜变成了习惯。A. habit习惯；B. custom风俗；C. rule规则；D. task任务。根据上文的“build new habits”和“daily fruits and vegetables”可知，此处指的是“习惯”。故选A项。
13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：坚持数月后，我又增加了喝水目标。A. focusing on专注于；B. sticking to坚持；C. depending on依赖；D. giving up放弃。根据空格前的“After months of”可知，此处指的是“坚持”。故选B项。
14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：濒死经历让我深刻地珍视每一刻。A. casually随意地；B. deliberately刻意地；C. suddenly突然地；D. deeply深刻地。根据上文的“Nearly losing my life”和“value every moment”可知，用“deeply”最贴切。故选D项。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我仍然追求自我提升，但是，小步目标让我摆脱内疚并继续前行。A. separate分离；B. invite邀请；C. free使自由；使免于；D. call把……叫做。根据原文的“from guilt”可知，此处用“free... from(使……免于)”固定短语，与第一段的“leaving me with guilt”呼应。故选C项。
考向02 根据生活常识或文化背景选词
【例2-1】（25-26高三上·江西景德镇·一模）
After Mr. & Mrs. Bacchus started farming their little land patch, they faced a problem of birds feeding on their precious crops. Then, a man stopped outside their house, asking the couple if he could take 1 of the birds on the property. Afterwards, he suggested that 2 getting rid of the birds, they should learn to 3 them, and Maraksacha Reserve was born.
Today, the couple 4 the celebrated bird photographer Manu Espinosa, with changing their lives, and helping them persuade others of the vital importance of conservation here.
Birding tourism is 5 in Ecuador, with increasing numbers of specialist tour groups. Ecuador 6 a variety of ecosystems at differing altitudes, which explains why it’s among the top 10 countries globally for bird 7 . The country is home to over 1,600 bird species —nearly double the 8 found in Europe.
As the business of birding grows, more and more farmers 9 their land from agriculture to bird reserves, 10 not just the birds, but the country’s 11 too. One notable example is the Ajila family, who have been 12 preserving the long-wattled umbrellabird. On his land near Recinto, Luis Ajila’ has turned dairy farming to conservation, replanting trees and promoting the site to wildlife tourists—work that he says is a 13 livelihood than farming.
…………
1． A．risks B．commands C．photographs D．notes
2．A．together with B．instead of C．apart from D．aside by
3．A．live alongside B．do without C．run across D．drive away
4．A．anticipate B．consider C．thank D．credit
5．A．running B．flourishing C．controlling D．praising
6．A．purchases B．robs C．boasts D．discovers
7．A．beauty B．environment C．habitat D．diversity
8．A．quality B．height C．balance D．quantity
9．A．switch B．stop C．defend D．highlight
10．A．shrinking B．benefiting C．testing D．varying
11．A．fate B．security C．economy D．identity
12．A．satisfied with B．worried about C．surprised at D．devoted to
13．A．lazier B．clearer C．slower D．better
【答案】
1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．D 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．D 13．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了厄瓜多尔的农民们从农业种植转向鸟类保护与生态旅游的转变，这种转变既保护了鸟类多样性，又为国家经济和后代福祉带来积极影响，凸显了生态保护与可持续发展的双赢。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，一个男人停在他们家外面，问这对夫妇他是否可以拍摄这片土地上的鸟类。A. risks风险；B. commands命令；C. photographs照片、拍摄；D. notes笔记。根据后文“celebrated bird photographer Manu Espinosa”，这个男人是鸟类摄影师，因此是请求“拍摄”鸟类，“take photographs of”为固定搭配，意为“拍摄……”。故选C项。
2．考查介词短语辨析。句意：之后，他建议他们不要赶走鸟类，而是学会与它们共存，马拉克萨查保护区就此诞生。A. together with和……一起；B. instead of代替、而不是；C. apart from除了；D. aside by无此搭配。摄影师建议“不赶走”鸟类，而是共存，“instead of”体现“替代”关系，符合逻辑。故选B项。
3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：之后，他建议他们不要赶走鸟类，而是学会与它们共存，马拉克萨查保护区就此诞生。A. live alongside与……共存；B. do without没有……也行；C. run across偶然遇见；D. drive away赶走。根据后文“Maraksacha Reserve was born.”可知，建立保护区，核心是与鸟类“共存”，与前文“getting rid of”（赶走）形成对比。故选A项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如今，这对夫妇将改变他们生活、帮助他们说服他人重视此地保护工作的功劳归于著名鸟类摄影师马努·埃斯皮诺萨。A. anticipate预期；B. consider考虑；C. thank感谢；D. credit归功于。根据前文“Afterwards, he suggested that 　2　 getting rid of the birds, they should learn to 3 them,”可知，保护工作的功劳归于著名鸟类摄影师马努·埃斯皮诺萨。“credit sb. with sth.”为固定搭配，意为“把某事归功于某人”，符合夫妇对摄影师的认可。故选D项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：观鸟旅游在厄瓜多尔蓬勃发展，专业旅游团的数量不断增加。A. running奔跑；B. flourishing蓬勃发展；C. controlling控制；D. praising赞扬。根据后文“increasing numbers of specialist tour groups”可知，观鸟旅游“蓬勃发展”，符合语境。故选B项。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：厄瓜多尔在不同海拔拥有多种生态系统，这也是它能跻身全球鸟类多样性前十的原因。A. purchases购买；B. robs抢劫；C. boasts拥有、以……为傲；D. discovers发现。根据后文“a variety of ecosystems at differing altitudes, which explains why it’s among the top 10 countries”可知，厄瓜多尔“拥有”多样生态系统，是其鸟类丰富的基础，“boasts”体现客观拥有且引以为傲的意味。故选C项。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：厄瓜多尔在不同海拔拥有多种生态系统，这也是它能跻身全球鸟类多样性前十的原因。A. beauty美丽；B. environment环境；C. habitat栖息地；D. diversity多样性。根据后文“over 1,600 bird species”可知，鸟类种类多体现“多样性”，“bird diversity”为固定表达。故选D项。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个国家拥有超过1600种鸟类——几乎是欧洲鸟类数量的两倍。A. quality质量；B. height高度；C. balance平衡；D. quantity数量。根据前文“1,600 bird species”可知，前文强调鸟类种类“数量”多，与欧洲形成数量对比，“quantity”符合语境。故选D项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着观鸟产业的发展，越来越多的农民将他们的土地从农业用地转变为鸟类保护区，这不仅有利于鸟类，也有利于国家经济。A. switch转变、切换；B. stop停止；C. defend保卫；D. highlight强调。根据后文“their land from agriculture to bird reserves,”可知，从农业到保护区，是土地用途的“转变”，“switch from...to...”为固定搭配，意为“从……转变为……”。故选A项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着观鸟产业的发展，越来越多的农民将他们的土地从农业用地转变为鸟类保护区，这不仅有利于鸟类，也有利于国家经济。A. shrinking缩小；B. benefiting使受益；C. testing测试；D. varying变化。根据常识可知，建立保护区对鸟类和国家经济都有好处，“benefiting”体现积极影响。故选B项。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着观鸟产业的发展，越来越多的农民将他们的土地从农业用地转变为鸟类保护区，这不仅有利于鸟类，也有利于国家经济。A. fate命运；B. security安全；C. economy经济；D. identity身份。根据前文“Birding tourism”可知，观鸟旅游属于产业，能带动“经济”发展，符合逻辑。故选C项。
12．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：一个显著的例子是阿希拉家族，他们一直致力于保护长肉垂伞鸟。A. satisfied with对……满意；B. worried about担心……；C. surprised at对……惊讶；D. devoted to致力于……。根据后文“turned dairy farming to conservation”可知，阿希拉家族“致力于”保护鸟类。故选D项。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：路易斯·阿希拉在雷辛托附近的土地上，将乳畜业转变为保护事业，重新种植树木，并向野生动物游客推广这个地方——他说这份工作比务农更能维持生计。A. lazier更懒的；B. clearer更清晰的；C. slower更慢的；D. better更好的。根据后文“wildlife tourism is much more profitable”可知，这份工作比务农“更好”，符合其认可态度。故选D项。
【例2-2】（25-26高三·云南大理白族自治州·一检）
This year was special for Zhu Jiejing, a famous dancer from the Shanghai Dance Theatre. She has deeply touched us with her 1 battle against cancer.
Zhu Jiejing was diagnosed with breast cancer, and the treatment journey was 2 tough. Six chemotherapy sessions（化疗疗程） tested both her body and 3 . Each session was a struggle, as the drug, while fighting the cancer cells, brought about endless suffering. 4 bothered her constantly, casting heavy shadows over her life.
However, on January 18th, 2025, just after her last 5 in hospital, Zhu Jiejing headed to Beijing without 6 to participate in the rehearsal of the Spring Festival Gala. As soon as the stage lights came on, she seemed to forget all the pain in an instant. She said,“Only the stage, only dance, and only performance can 7 me.” The statement vividly 8 her profound love for dance.
1． A．respected B．determined C．flexible D．stable
2．A．incredibly B．suddenly C．smoothly D．basically
3．A．shortcut B．willpower C．mindset D．outcome
4．A．Eye contact B．Heart disease C．Side effects D．Work loads
5．A．performance B．training C．decision D．treatment
6．A．hesitation B．support C．doubt D．excuse
7．A．change B．relieve C．beat D．heal
8．A．stresses B．resists C．increases D．showcases
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．A 7．D 8．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了上海歌舞团著名舞者朱洁静身患乳腺癌后，凭借坚定意志对抗病魔，刚结束治疗就奔赴春晚彩排，用对舞蹈的热爱与执着诠释生命力量的故事，彰显了“不向命运低头，为热爱全力以赴”的精神。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她与癌症的坚定抗争深深打动了我们。A. respected受尊敬的；B. determined坚定的；C. flexible灵活的；D. stable稳定的。根据后文“However, on January 18th, 2025, just after her last 　5　　 in hospital, Zhu Jiejing, headed to Beijing without 　　6　　　 to participate in the rehearsal of the Spring Festival Gala”可知，她刚结束治疗就参加彩排、坚持舞蹈事业，体现了她对抗癌症的“坚定”态度，“determined”符合其顽强的特质。故选B项。
2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：朱洁静被诊断出乳腺癌，治疗过程极其艰难。A. incredibly极其、非常；B. suddenly突然；C. smoothly顺利地；D. basically基本上。根据后文“Six chemotherapy sessions（化疗疗程）”可知，化疗带来无尽痛苦，治疗过程“极其”艰难，“incredibly”强调程度之深，符合语境。故选A项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：六个化疗疗程既考验了她的身体，也考验了她的意志力。A. shortcut捷径；B. willpower意志力；C. mindset心态；D. outcome结果。根据前文“both her body ”可知，化疗的痛苦不仅折磨身体，更需要强大的“意志力”支撑，“willpower”体现对抗病魔的精神力量。故选B项。
4．考查名词短语辨析。句意：副作用不断困扰着她，给她的生活蒙上了沉重的阴影。A. Eye contact眼神交流；B. Heart disease心脏病；C. Side effects副作用；D. Work loads工作量。根据常识可知，化疗药物在杀死癌细胞的同时，会带来“副作用”，这是治疗癌症的常见情况，符合语境。故选C项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，2025年1月18日，刚结束最后一次住院治疗，朱洁静就毫不犹豫地奔赴北京，参加春晚彩排。A. performance表演；B. training训练；C. decision决定；D. treatment治疗。结合前文“chemotherapy sessions”，此处指最后一次“治疗”，与治疗历程呼应。故选D项。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，2025年1月18日，刚结束最后一次住院治疗，朱洁静就毫不犹豫地奔赴北京，参加春晚彩排。A. hesitation犹豫；B. support支持；C. doubt怀疑；D. excuse借口。根据后文“participate in the rehearsal of the Spring Festival Gala”可知，她对舞蹈的热爱让她在病后没有“犹豫”，立刻投入彩排，“without hesitation”为固定搭配，表“毫不犹豫”。故选A项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说：“只有舞台，只有舞蹈，只有表演才能治愈我。”A. change改变；B. relieve缓解；C. beat打败；D. heal治愈。根据前文“As soon as the stage lights came on, she seemed to forget all the pain in an instant.”可知，舞蹈能让她忘记痛苦，从身心层面“治愈”她，符合她对舞蹈的依赖与热爱。故选D项。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这句话生动地展现了她对舞蹈深深的热爱。A. stresses强调；B. resists抵抗；C. increases增加；D. showcases展现、展示。根据前文“only performance can 　7　me.”以及后文“her profound love for dance.”她的话语直观“展现”了对舞蹈的热爱，“showcases”体现情感的自然流露。故选D项。
【变式2-1】（25-26高三上·陕西榆林·一模）
In the early 1980s during my college years in Bengalure, weekends often meant trips to the 1 . One Saturday, my friend Sumi and I 2 to Rex Theatre by autorickshaw (机动三轮车) . Brigade Road was 3 , and as I stepped off the rickshaw, focusing on popcorn and the movie, I suddenly 4 — my foot twisted, pain surging.
A crowd gathered, murmuring 5 . Sumi rushed to find another rickshaw but was 6 repeatedly. Just as we felt 7 , a lean, soft-spoken young man in his early 20s 8 . He bent down, asked about my pain, and then quickly 9 an auto, helped me in, and said “take care” before disappearing into the 10 .
Months later, my foot 11 . One evening at Lido Theatre, waiting for tickets, I saw him again. He walked over and asked how my foot was — he’d seen me from a bus and wanted to 12 . I told him it was just a sprain, and I was fine. He smiled, said“take care” once more, and 13 .
I never asked his name or why he’d helped. His kindness wasn’t 14 , but it was unrequired — no script, no expectation. In a fast-forgetting world, his care and remembrance felt sacred, a gentle reminder that people still choose to be kind, even when it’s “inefficient.” That warmth 15 , long after the pain and chaos faded.
1．A．park B．cinema C．library D．market
2．A．headed B．wandered C．drove D．flew
3．A．quiet B．empty C．chaotic D．clean
4．A．stood B．jumped C．sat D．tripped
5．A．angrily B．curiously C．sadly D．happily
6．A．accepted B．praised C．refused D．thanked
7．A．helpless B．hopeful C．excited D．relaxed
8．A．looked around B．stepped forward C．passed by D．slowed down
9．A．bought B．missed C．repaired D．stopped
10．A．crowd B．theatre C．bus D．shop
11．A．hurt B．broke C．healed D．worsened
12．A．check B．test C．detect D．investigate
13．A．returned B．talked C．waited D．left
14．A．small B．grand C．cheap D．expensive
15．A．faded B．disappeared C．stayed D．died
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．A 11．C 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了20 世纪 80 年代初，作者在班加罗尔上大学时观影途中扭伤脚，获一陌生青年相助，数月后重逢受关切，这份不求回报的善意令作者长久铭记。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：上世纪80年代初，我在班加罗尔上大学的时候，周末经常去看电影。A. park公园；B. cinema电影院；C. library图书馆；D. market市场。根据后文提到“Rex Theatre”（雷克斯剧院）、“popcorn and the movie”（爆米花和电影），明确周末行程与“电影院”相关。故选B项。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个星期六，我和朋友苏米乘三轮车去雷克斯剧院。A. headed前往；B. wandered闲逛；C. drove驾驶；D. flew驾驶。根据句意以及下文“…to Rex Theatre by autorickshaw”可知，作者和朋友 Sumi 乘机动三轮车去雷克斯剧院。故选A项。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：布里盖德路一片混乱，我下三轮车时满脑子想着爆米花和电影，突然脚下一绊 —— 脚踝扭伤，剧痛瞬间袭来。A. quiet安静的；B. empty空旷的；C. chaotic混乱的；D. clean干净的。根据下文“A crowd gathered”以及“Sumi rushed to find another rickshaw but was ____6____ repeatedly.”可知，“人群聚集”“朋友找三轮车被拒” 体现道路“混乱”。故选C项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：布里盖德路一片混乱，我下三轮车时满脑子想着爆米花和电影，突然脚下一绊 —— 脚踝扭伤，剧痛瞬间袭来。A. stood站立；B. jumped跳跃；C. sat坐下；D. tripped绊倒。根据下文“my foot twisted, pain surging”（脚扭伤，剧痛袭来），说明是“绊倒” 导致扭伤，“tripped”（绊倒）语义匹配。故选D项。
5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：一群人聚集在一起，好奇地窃窃私语。A. angrily愤怒地；B. curiously好奇地；C. sadly悲伤地；D. happily开心地。根据上文“A crowd gathered”可知，“人群聚集”，对陌生人扭伤的反应应是“好奇地低语”，“curiously”（好奇地）符合常理。故选B项。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Sumi赶紧去找另一辆三轮车，但一再被拒绝。A. accepted接受；B. praised表扬；C. refused拒绝；D. thanked感谢。根据该句中的“but”转折以及下文“Just as we felt ____7____, a lean, soft-spoken young man in his early 20s ____8____.”暗示 “感到无助”，说明找三轮车的请求被“拒绝”，说明朋友找三轮车被“拒绝”。故选C项。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就在我们感到无助的时候，一个20岁出头、身材瘦削、说话轻声细语的年轻人走上前来。A. helpless无助的；B. hopeful有希望的；C. excited兴奋的；D. relaxed放松的。根据上文“my foot twisted, pain surging”和“ Sumi rushed to find another rickshaw but was ____6____ repeatedly”提到的找车被拒，扭伤疼痛，此时应是“无助的”。故选A项。
8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：就在我们感到无助的时候，一个20岁出头、身材瘦削、说话轻声细语的年轻人走上前来。A. looked around环顾四周；B. stepped forward走上前来；C. passed by路过；D. slowed down减速。根据下文“He bent down, asked about my pain”可知，正当无助时，年轻人“走上前来”提供帮助，“stepped forward”（上前）体现主动帮忙的动作。故选B项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他弯下腰，问我疼痛的情况，然后迅速拦了一辆机动三轮车，扶我上车，说了声“保重”，然后消失在人群中。A. bought购买；B. missed错过；C. repaired修理；D. stopped拦住，阻止。根据上文“He bent down, asked about my pain”以及下文“helped me in”可知，年轻人帮作者拦了一辆机动三轮车，扶作者上车。故选D项。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他弯下腰，问我疼痛的情况，然后迅速拦了一辆机动三轮车，扶我上车，说了声“保重”，然后消失在人群中。A. crowd人群； B. theatre剧院；C. bus公交车；D. shop商店。根据上文“A crowd gathered”可知，Brigade Road 很混乱、人群聚集，年轻人帮忙后应是“消失在人群中”。故选A项。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几个月后，我的脚痊愈了。A. hurt受伤；B. broke骨折；C. healed治愈；D. worsened恶化。根据下文“I told him it was just a sprain, and I was fine.”可知，数月后，扭伤的脚应已“痊愈”。故选C项。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他走过来问我脚怎么样了 —— 他是在一辆公交车上看到我的，想过来问问情况。A. check核实，查看；B. test测试；C. detect探测；D. investigate调查。根据上文“He walked over and asked how my foot was”可知，年轻人从公交车上看到 作者，过来询问脚的情况，即“核实”恢复状况。故选A项。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他笑了笑，又说了一声“保重”，然后离开了。A. returned返回；B. talked交谈；C. waited等待；D. left离开。根据语境以及上文“He smiled, said “take care” once more”可知，年轻人微笑着说“保重”后“离开”。故选D项。
14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的好意并不伟大，但也不是必需的——没有剧本，没有期望。A. small小的；B. grand宏大的，伟大的；C. cheap廉价的；D. expensive昂贵的。根据下文“but it was unrequired—no script, no expectation”（但不求回报 —— 没有剧本，没有期待），说明善意虽不“宏大”但纯粹。故选B项。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在痛苦和混乱消失很久之后，那种温暖依然存在。A. faded褪去；B. disappeared消失；C. stayed留存；D. died消逝。根据下文“long after the pain and chaos faded”（疼痛和混乱褪去很久以后），那份温暖依然“留存”，“stayed”（留存）契合文章对善意的赞美。故选C项。
【变式2-2】（25-26高三上·山西运城·期中）
There’s an autumn day that I recall every time I find myself immersed in the non-stop rush of life. I was a teenager at that time, 1 in the whirlwind of school, social activities, and the pressure or 2 college applications. It was my neighbor, Mr. Jensen, who brought me back to earth.
Mr. Jensen was a quiet man in his seventies, living alone in the house next door. Despite our age 3 we had a shared love for gardening, a hobby that 4 an unlikely friendship between us.
One sunny afternoon, feeling 5 and anxious, I decided to take a break from my studies. I 6 outside to my backyard garden where I began to 7 weed, my frustrations pouring into each pull of 8 greenery. Mr. Jensen was there as usual, 9 his blossoming rosebushes.
Seeing my frustration, he stepped over and 10 started weeding alongside me. After a moment, he said, “Weeding a garden is like going through 11 . Sometimes, we focus so much on the weeds —the problems — that we forget to 12 the flowers.” He gestured to the beautiful roses in his garden. That simple wisdom 13 me hard. I had been so focused on my problems, on the stress of my future, that I had ignored the beauty of my 14 .
That day, Mr. Jensen taught me a life lesson that I’ve carried with me ever since. I recall it now and then to 15 myself from a suffering period.
1． A．stuck B．interested C．specialized D．experienced
2．A．permanent B．upcoming C．hesitant D．formal
3．A．familiarity B．approach C．similarity D．difference
4．A．formed B．banned C．tapped D．dotted
5．A．satisfied B．committed C．overwhelmed D．inspired
6．A．removed B．headed C．obeyed D．arrested
7．A．wildly B．calmly C．humbly D．shyly
8．A．unwanted B．desired C．protected D．shaved
9．A．living on B．tending to C．fading away D．summing up
10．A．angrily B．nobly C．dizzily D．silently
11．A．park B．tour C．life D．class
12．A．distinguish B．appreciate C．stimulate D．recognize
13．A．frightened B．patted C．struck D．honored
14．A．despair B．present C．fitness D．memory
15．A．exhaust B．prevent C．frustrate D．refresh
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．A 9．B 10．D 11．C 12．B 13．C 14．B 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了青少年时期深陷生活忙碌与压力的作者，在邻居詹森先生的点拨下，学会珍惜当下、欣赏生活美好的故事。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那时我还是个青少年，深陷于学校、社交活动的漩涡，还有即将到来的大学申请带来的压力。A. stuck陷入的；B. interested感兴趣的；C. specialized专门研究的；D. experienced有经验的。根据后文“whirlwind”和“pressure”，可知作者被各种事务和压力困住，“stuck in”为固定搭配，表“深陷于”。故选A项。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那时我还是个青少年，深陷于学校、社交活动的漩涡，还有即将到来的大学申请带来的压力。A. permanent永久的；B. upcoming即将到来的；C. hesitant犹豫的；D. formal正式的。根据后文“college applications.”可知，作者是青少年，大学申请是即将发生的事情，符合语境。故选B项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管我们年龄相差很大，但我们都热爱园艺，这个爱好促成了我们之间一段不太可能的友谊。A. familiarity熟悉；B. approach方法；C. similarity相似性；D. difference差异。根据前文“I was a teenager”以及“Mr. Jensen was a quiet man in his seventies”可知，作者是青少年，詹森先生七十多岁，两人年龄存在明显差异。故选D项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管我们年龄相差很大，但我们都热爱园艺，这个爱好促成了我们之间一段不太可能的友谊。A. formed形成、促成；B. banned禁止；C. tapped发掘；D. dotted点缀。根据前文“we had a shared love for gardening”可知，共同的爱好是友谊的契机，促成了两人的交往。故选A项。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个阳光明媚的下午，我感到疲惫不堪、焦虑不安，决定放下学习休息一下。A. satisfied满意的；B. committed尽心尽力的；C. overwhelmed不知所措的、疲惫不堪的；D. inspired受鼓舞的。结合后文“anxious, I decided to take a break from my studies.”，可知作者此时状态糟糕，感到疲惫焦虑。故选C项。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我走到后院的花园里，开始疯狂地除草，把所有的沮丧都倾注在拔除每一株不受欢迎的绿植上。A. removed移除；B. headed前往；C. obeyed服从；D. arrested逮捕。根据后文“outside to my backyard garden”可知，作者想休息，于是前往后院花园，“head outside”意为“走到外面”。故选B项。
7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我走到后院的花园里，开始疯狂地除草，把所有的沮丧都倾注在拔除每一株不受欢迎的绿植上。A. wildly疯狂地；B. calmly平静地；C. humbly谦逊地；D. shyly害羞地。根据后文“frustrations pouring into each pull”，可知作者通过疯狂除草宣泄情绪。故选A项。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我走到后院的花园里，开始疯狂地除草，把所有的沮丧都倾注在拔除每一株不受欢迎的绿植上。A. unwanted不受欢迎的、多余的；B. desired渴望的；C. protected受保护的；D. shaved修剪过的。根据前文“weed”可知，杂草是花园里多余、不受欢迎的植物，符合除草的场景。故选A项。
9．考查动词短语辨析。句意：詹森先生和往常一样在那里，照料着他盛开的玫瑰丛。A. living on靠……生活；B. tending to照料；C. fading away逐渐消失；D. summing up总结。根据后文“his blossoming rosebushes”可知，詹森先生热爱园艺，会照料自己的玫瑰丛。故选B项。
10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：看到我的沮丧，他走过来，默默地和我一起除草。A. angrily愤怒地；B. nobly高尚地；C. dizzily眩晕地；D. silently默默地。根据前文“Mr. Jensen was a quiet man”可知，詹森先生是安静的人，没有立刻劝说，而是默默陪伴除草，符合其性格。故选D项。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：过了一会儿，他说：“给花园除草就像经历人生。有时候，我们太专注于杂草——也就是问题——而忘记了欣赏花朵。”A. park公园；B. tour旅行；C. life人生；D. class班级。根据后文“Sometimes, we focus so much on the weeds — the problems — that we forget to 12 the flowers.”提到关注问题、欣赏美好，是对人生的比喻。故选C项。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：过了一会儿，他说：“给花园除草就像经历人生。有时候，我们太专注于杂草——也就是问题——而忘记了欣赏花朵。”A. distinguish区分；B. appreciate欣赏；C. stimulate刺激；D. recognize认出。根据前文“we focus so much on the weeds — the problems”以及后文“the flowers.”可知，花朵象征生活中的美好，需要用心欣赏，与前文作者忽视美好形成对比。故选B项。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个简单的智慧深深触动了我。A. frightened使害怕；B. patted轻拍；C. struck触动、打动；D. honored尊敬。根据后文“I had been so focused on my problems, on the stress of my future, that I had ignored the beauty of my　14　.”可知，詹森先生的话点醒了作者，让他深受触动，“strike sb hard”表“深深打动某人”。故选C项。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我一直太专注于自己的问题，专注于未来的压力，却忽视了当下的美好。A. despair绝望；B. present当下；C. fitness健康；D. memory记忆。根据前文“I had been so focused on my problems, on the stress of my future”可知，作者之前忙于担忧未来，忽略了眼前的生活，“the beauty of my present”指当下的美好。故选B项。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我时常想起它，让自己从痛苦的时期中重新振作起来A. exhaust使疲惫；B. prevent阻止；C. frustrate使沮丧；D. refresh使重新振作。根据前文“I recall it now and then”可知，詹森先生的人生哲理能帮助作者在困境中调整状态、重拾力量。故选D项。
考向03 根据对应成分分析选词
【例3-1】（25-26高三上·贵州六盘水·一模）
It was 5 a.m. in Niagara Falls, Ontario, windy, cold, and rainy. I was alone under a bus shelter, 1 for the next bus to Toronto, still two hours away. There was nowhere open for warmth, so I 2 the time by watching a movie on my phone, trying to forget the cold.
Then, a girl stepped into the 3 . She was small and thin, all wet, carrying a heavy worn backpack. “Excuse me,” she said softly. “Do you know if Tim Hortons Cafe is 4 right now ” I told her it wasn’t. She sighed and glanced at the silent crossroads. I could see she was 5 , so I offered, “You can wait here with me if you’d like.” She 6 . “Thank you! You have no idea how much that 7 to me.”
We talked as the rain whispered against the roof, our 8 filling the stillness. I learned that she was a painter but having a hard time financially, so she had to 9 at a nearby shelter. Even so, she spoke with 10 and humor and said, “I received a $75 gift card from a kind man recently, so I want to buy some food to 11 with others. After all, there’s only so much coffee and bread a girl can eat. Would you like some, too ” I tried to 12 , but she insisted, still smiling.
1． A．leaving B．waiting C．standing D．sleeping
2．A．killed B．wasted C．enjoyed D．spent
3．A．bus B．cinema C．shelter D．cafe
4．A．open B．closed C．empty D．safe
5．A．sad B．nervous C．angry D．disappointed
6．A．stood up B．sped up C．brightened up D．turned up
7．A．applies B．means C．happens D．appeals
8．A．words B．noises C．songs D．arguments
9．A．rest B．stare C．point D．stay
10．A．patience B．honesty C．warmth D．pride
11．A．sell B．share C．exchange D．cook
12．A．ignore B．avoid C．resist D．decline
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．D 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．C 11．B 12．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在等车时遇到一位经济困难却仍想分享食物的女孩，深受感动的故事。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我独自一人在公共汽车候车亭下，等待下一班开往多伦多的公共汽车，还有两个小时的车程。A. leaving离开；B. waiting等待；C. standing站立；D. sleeping睡觉。根据后文“for the next bus to Toronto, still two hours away.”可知，此处指等待下一班公共汽车，固定搭配 wait for 表示“等待”。故选B。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有地方可以取暖，所以我用手机看电影来打发时间，试图忘记寒冷。A. killed杀死；B. wasted浪费；C. enjoyed享受；D. spent花费（时间、金钱等）。根据“by watching a movie on my phone, trying to forget the cold.”可知，此处指用手机看电影来打发时间，kill time是固定表达，意为“打发/消磨时间”。故选A。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，一个女孩走进了候车亭。A. bus公共汽车；B. cinema电影院；C. shelter避难所，候车亭；D. cafe咖啡馆。根据前文“I was alone under a bus shelter”可知，女孩进来后与作者一同等待，故此处指候车亭。故选C。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你知道蒂姆霍顿咖啡馆现在开门吗？A. open开着的；B. closed关闭的；C. empty空的；D. safe安全的。根据后文“I told her it wasn’t.”和“When the cafe opened”可知，此处指询问咖啡馆是否开门。故选A。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我看得出她很失望，所以我主动提出：“如果你愿意，你可以和我一起在这里等。”A. sad悲伤的；B. nervous紧张的；C. angry生气的；D. disappointed失望的。根据前文“She sighed and glanced at the silent crossroads.”可知，女孩很失望。故选D。
6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她高兴起来。A. stood up站起来；B. sped up加速；C. brightened up高兴起来；D. turned up出现。根据后文“Thank you! You have no idea how much that 7 to me.”可知，作者邀请女孩一同等待，女孩应是感到高兴，面露喜色。故选C。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你不知道那对我来说有多重要。A. applies申请，应用；B. means意味着；C. happens发生；D. appeals呼吁，吸引。根据前文“You have no idea how much”可知，女孩在寒冷雨夜无处可去，作者的邀请对她来说很有意义，“mean to sb.”表示“对某人有意义”。故选B。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们边聊边听雨打在屋顶上的声音，我们的话语打破了寂静。A. words话语；B. noises噪音；C. songs歌曲；D. arguments争论。根据前文“We talked”可知，此处指我们的话语打破了寂静。故选A。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我了解到她是一名画家，但经济上很困难，所以她不得不住在附近的收容所。A. rest休息；B. stare盯着看；C. point指向；D. stay停留，暂住。根据前文“I learned that she was a painter but having a hard time financially”和后文“at a nearby shelter”可知，此处指住在附近的收容所。故选D。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：即便如此，她说话时还是带着温暖和幽默。A. patience耐心；B. honesty诚实；C. warmth温暖；D. pride骄傲。根据后文“and humor”和女孩想分享食物的行为可知，她性格开朗、待人友善，说话带有温暖感。故选C。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最近从一位好心人那里收到了一张75美元的礼品卡，所以我想买些食物和别人分享。A. sell卖；B. share分享；C. exchange交换；D. cook烹饪。根据前文“I want to buy some food”和后文“with others”以及“After all, there’s only so much coffee and bread a girl can eat. Would you like some, too ”可知，此处指和别人分享食物。故选B。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我试图谢绝，但她坚持要给我，仍然微笑着。A. ignore忽视；B. avoid避免；C. resist抵制；D. decline下降，谢绝。根据后文“but she insisted”和“When the cafe opened, she 　13　 coffees, bread, and sandwiches-enough for us two and others still out in the cold”可知，面对对方好意，作者想“拒绝/推辞”，decline最符合礼貌语境。故选D。
【例3-2】（25-26高三上·浙江温州·一模）
You can find Jacob Reno at his neighborhood market on Sundays. He doesn’t sell produce. Instead, he offers portraits (肖像) — 1 ones. He sits behind a table with a sign that reads: “TERRIBLE PORTRAITTS, $5, STERRIBLE MINUTES.” Every week, people 2 for their turn to take home a hand-drawn portrait that might look like them — or not. Since May, Reno has 3 more than 500 people. His pictures are 4 yet charming.
Reno first tried his hand at 5 at a party where Reno and a friend thought it would be 6 to draw each other. When Reno turned his drawing around for his friend, they both burst into laughter. Reno realized he might have 7 a hidden talent.
He did not 8 drawing until this past spring. He left his media job and bought a piece of poster board to 9 his services. He set up shop for the first time in May. To his 10 , a stream of strangers stopped for their “terrible portrait”. Indeed, Reno doesn’t just draw — he 11 . He chats with his subjects and tries to get to know them. He sets a(n) 12 for five minut

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