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题型14 完形填空（语篇层次题）
题型简介
在高考英语完形填空中，语篇层次题是考查学生能否从整体篇章的宏观角度理解文章、把握逻辑、推断主旨和作者意图的最高阶题型。它要求学生跳出句子甚至段落的局限，将全文视为一个有机整体，理解其内在的主题脉络、情感走向、结构布局和逻辑闭环。攻克此类题目，是完形填空取得高分（乃至满分）的关键，也是衡量学生英语阅读思维深度和广度的核心标尺。
设题类型&解题思路
考向01 根据首尾/前后文呼应选词
题型核心：考查文章结构的完整性与内容的首尾呼应、前后一致。正确答案往往与文章开头提出的主题、观点、问题，或结尾总结的结论、升华的情感形成直接或间接的呼应。
常见设题位置：
文章结尾处的空格，其答案常与文章开头或标题相呼应，起到点题、升华或给出结论的作用。
文章中间段落的关键词，可能与全文主旨或另一段落的核心描述形成复现或同义替换。
解题技巧：
首段定调：精读首段，明确文章的话题（Topic）、主旨（Main Idea）及作者的初始态度。
尾段收官：重点阅读尾段，理解作者如何总结、呼吁或升华主题。
寻找闭环：将选项代入后，检查其是否能与开头形成巧妙呼应，或使结尾的结论水到渠成，构成一个完整的逻辑圆环。
示例模型：
首段：In a world obsessed with speed and efficiency, we often overlook the value of slowness. （在一个痴迷速度和效率的世界，我们常忽视“慢”的价值。）
...
尾段：Perhaps, the greatest wisdom lies not in doing things faster, but in having the courage to embrace the ___ of a slower, more deliberate life. （或许，最大的智慧不在于做得更快，而在于有勇气拥抱一种更缓慢、更从容的生活的___。）
选项：A. chaos (混乱) B. rhythm (节奏) C. cost (代价) D. mystery (神秘)
解析：文章开头提出“慢的价值”，结尾进行总结升华。空格处需要概括“缓慢、从容生活”的特点，且与开头“value of slowness”正向呼应。B. rhythm（节奏） 最符合，它体现了“慢生活”内在的、积极的韵律感，与“价值”形成呼应，使文章首尾圆合。
考向02 根据文章发展脉络选词
题型核心：考查对文章逻辑推进、情节发展或情感变化全过程的把握。空格处是这条“线索链”上的关键一环，需要根据故事如何开始、发展、转折、结束来推断。
线索特征：
情节脉络：在记叙文中，体现为事件的起因、经过（可能包含波折）、高潮、结果。
论证脉络：在议论文中，体现为提出观点、提供论据（正反）、进行论证、得出结论。
情感/态度脉络：作者或主人公的情感随时间或事件发展而发生变化（如：平静→惊讶→困惑→反思→释然）。
解题技巧：
线索地图法：快速通读全文，用简单的词语或箭头标记出核心事件的发展阶段或作者情感的几个关键转折点。
定位与匹配：确定空格处于哪个阶段（如：是“出现问题后”还是“解决方案前”？是“态度转变前”还是“转变后”？）。
顺承逻辑：选择最能顺承上文发展、并合理引出下文的选项，确保填入后，整条脉络流畅自然。
示例模型：
(Para 1) 作者最初对公开演讲充满恐惧。
(Para 2) 经过多次练习和失败，他取得了一点进步，但依然紧张。
(Para 3) 在一次关键演讲前，他采用了新的心理方法。上台后，他惊讶地发现自己不再关注观众的反应，而是沉浸在要分享的___中。
选项：A. story (故事) B. message (信息) C. technique (技巧) D. judgment (评判)
解析：本文脉络是“恐惧→练习→采用新方法→演讲状态改变”。新方法让他从关注外部（观众反应）转向关注演讲的内部核心。作为演讲者，最核心的是要传递的“信息”或“内容”。B. message（信息） 最符合情节从“外”向“内”发展的逻辑，也是演讲的根本目的。
考向03 根据熟词生义选词
题型核心：考查学生对常见词汇在特定语境下的引申义、比喻义或专业义的掌握。所考单词本身是“熟词”，但在文中使用的含义却是学生相对陌生的“生义”。
词汇特点：
基础词汇（如：heavy, light, run, break, sharp等）在具体语境中产生的非常用义。
名词动用、形容词动用等转化。
固定短语在特定上下文中的灵活变体或隐喻用法。
解题技巧：
警惕字面陷阱：遇到简单词汇时，切莫直接代入最常见含义。
语境定义法：彻底忽略其熟知的含义，完全依赖上下文来重新定义这个词。问自己：“在这个句子里，这个位置需要一个表示什么概念或动作的词？”
代入验证：将选项的“生义”代入后，看是否能使所在句子语义通顺，且与上下文逻辑严丝合缝。
示例模型：
After years of research, the scientist finally found the ___ piece of evidence that supported her groundbreaking theory.
选项：A. missing (丢失的) B. key (关键的) C. final (最后的) D. heavy (重的)
解析：很多学生知道“heavy”表示“重的”。但在这里，“the heavy piece of evidence”是一个地道表达，heavy引申为“有分量的”、“决定性的”、“强有力的”，与“key”近义，但更强调其证明力的强大和不容置疑。如果仅知道“重的”这个意思，则无法理解。此处选择D. heavy（有分量的）更符合科学发现语境下对“决定性证据”的描述。
考向01根据首尾/前后文呼应选词
【例1-1】(25-26高三上·广东广州花都区第一中学·期中节选)
In the heart of the energetic city of Metroville, John, a dedicated software developer, found himself occupied by lines of code and tight deadlines, but he never forgot his desire to make a positive impact.
One evening, scrolling through social media, John’s eyes 1 a post from a local charity, “Light Up the Dark.” It spoke of the 2 faced by families in remote villages, where children studied by dim candlelight 3 lack of electricity. This struck a chord in John’s heart, and he knew he had to help.
………..
John’s story showed the ability of one individual to make a significant 13 . It is the simple acts of 14 and generosity that truly 15 the world.
1．A．observed B．witnessed C．searched D．caught
2．A．struggle B．confusion C．fright D．embarrassment
3．A．in spite of B．regardless of C．in case of D．due to
14．A．bravery B．kindness C．patience D．creativity
15．A．light up B．cheer up C．clean up D．brush up
【答案】
1．D 2．A 3．D 13．B 14．B 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了软件开发者约翰利用自己的技术技能，与慈善机构合作设计更好的太阳能灯笼，为偏远村庄的家庭带来光明，他的行动引发了一场运动，激励了各行各业的人参与进来，展现了个人能产生重大影响，强调了善良和慷慨行为对世界的积极意义。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天晚上，约翰在刷社交媒体时，目光偶然看到了当地一家名为“点亮黑暗”的慈善机构发布的帖子。A. observed观察；B. witnessed目睹；C. searched搜索；D. caught抓住，瞥见。根据下文“this struck a chord in John’s heart”可知，他的心被触动说明帖子进入他的视线。故选D。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它讲述了偏远村庄家庭所面临的困境，由于缺乏电力，孩子们只能借着昏暗的烛光学习。A. struggle挣扎，困境；B. confusion困惑；C. fright恐惧；D. embarrassment尴尬。根据下文“lack of electricity”可知，缺电导致孩子学习条件差，这是一种生活困境。故选A。
3．考查介词短语辨析。句意：它讲述了偏远村庄家庭所面临的困境，由于缺乏电力，孩子们只能借着昏暗的烛光学习。A. in spite of尽管；B. regardless of不管；C. in case of万一；D. due to由于。根据下文“lack of electricity”可知，由于缺乏电力，孩子们只能借助昏暗的烛光学习。故选D。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：约翰的故事展现了一个人创造重大影响的能力。A. contribution贡献；B. difference不同；C. decision决定；D. effort努力。根据下文“It is the simple acts of ____14____ and generosity that truly ____15____ the world.”以及上文内容可知，约翰的故事展示了一个人产生重大影响的能力，make a significant difference为固定搭配，意为“产生重大影响”。故选B。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是这些简单的善举与慷慨之举，真正照亮了这个世界。A. bravery勇敢；B. kindness善良；C. patience耐心；D. creativity创造力。根据下文“and generosity”可知，与“generosity”（慷慨）并列，“kindness”（善良）是主动帮助他人的核心动机。故选B。
15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：正是这些简单的善举与慷慨之举，真正照亮了这个世界。A. light up照亮；B. cheer up使高兴；C. clean up清理；D. brush up提高。全文围绕“光明”展开（烛光、太阳能灯笼、希望的火花），“light up the world”既扣住“点亮黑暗”的项目名称，又升华主题，是双重语义的完美呼应。故选A。
【例1-2】(25-26高三上·甘肃部分学校·月考节选)
About two weeks ago, I fell and heard a snap (咔嚓声) in my foot. I was screaming with both 1 and fear. I didn’t want to 2 someone to take me to the emergency room (ER) as it was about midnight when this 3 . I went to the hospital in the carpool (拼车). I hobbled (跛行) until the staff got me a(n) 4 . I sat alone, facing a corner and 5 . I had never broken a bone, and never been to the ER by myself.
………..
My foot was indeed broken, but my heart felt 13 . You never know when someone needs a hug, a talk, or just a distraction. I don’t know if that 14 will ever see this article. If they do, I’d say, “Thank you again.” I’ll never forget what a random and effortless act of kindness can do and I hope I can 15 it forward.
1．A．death B．anger C．pain D．disaster
2．A．trouble B．command C．advise D．desire
3．A．extended B．flashed C．lay D．happened
4．A．bike B．wheelchair C．ambulance D．novel
5．A．crying B．sleeping C．laughing D．looking
13．A．cured B．cooled C．matched D．stolen
14．A．group B．family C．company D．class
15．A．push B．recall C．pay D．cast
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．A 13．A 14．B 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者深夜骨折独自就医时陷入无助，一个陌生家庭主动伸出援手，这段温暖的邂逅让作者感悟到微小善举的力量，并希望将这份善意传递下去的故事。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我因疼痛和恐惧而尖叫。A. death死亡；B. anger愤怒；C. pain疼痛；D. disaster灾难。根据上文“About two weeks ago, I fell and heard a snap (咔嚓声) in my foot.”可知，作者摔倒受伤了，因此是指因疼痛和恐惧而尖叫。故选C。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不想麻烦别人送我去急诊室（ER），因为事情发生的时候已经是午夜了。A. trouble麻烦；B. command命令；C. advise建议；D. desire渴望。根据下文“someone to take me to the emergency room (ER) as it was about midnight”可知，当时是午夜，时间很晚了，作者不想麻烦别人送自己去急诊室。故选A。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不想麻烦别人送我去急诊室（ER），因为事情发生的时候已经是午夜了。A. extended延伸；B. flashed闪烁；C. lay躺；D. happened发生。根据上文“About two weeks ago, I fell and heard a snap (咔嚓声) in my foot.”可知，此处指开头发生的摔倒受伤这件事。故选D。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我一瘸一拐，直到工作人员给我弄了个轮椅。A. bike自行车；B. wheelchair轮椅；C. ambulance救护车；D. novel小说。根据上文“I hobbled (跛行)”可知，作者一瘸一拐，不方便行动，因此医院的工作人员给他弄了个轮椅，下文的“in the wheelchair”也是提示。故选B。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我独自坐着，面朝角落哭了起来。A. crying哭泣；B. sleeping睡觉；C. laughing大笑；D. looking看。根据下文“I had never broken a bone, and never been to the ER by myself.”可知，作者从来没有骨折过，也从来没有独自去过急诊室，独自面对这些情况的他会因为害怕而哭泣。故选A。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的脚确实骨折了，但我的心却痊愈了。A. cured治愈；B. cooled冷却；C. matched匹配；D. stolen偷窃。根据上文“My foot was indeed broken”和表示转折的“but”可知，虽然作者的脚确实骨折了，但他的心却痊愈了，身体状态和心理感受形成对比。故选A。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不知道那个家庭是否会看到这篇文章。A. group团体；B. family家庭；C. company公司；D. class班级。根据上文“She asked me to ____9____ with her, her husband and their little baby.”可知，这位女士和她的丈夫及小孩给了作者帮助，此处指他们一家。故选B。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我永远不会忘记一个随意的、毫不费力的善举所能起到的作用，我希望我能把它传递下去。A. push推动；B. recall回忆；C. pay给予；D. cast投掷。根据上文“I’ll never forget what a random and effortless act of kindness can do”可知，作者心中铭记这位女士一家给予他的善举和积极影响，因此是希望将这份善意传递下去，短语pay forward意为“向前传递”，符合语境。故选C。
【变式1-1】（25-26高三上·河北武强中学·期中节选）
I’ve been motivated (激励) — and demotivated (气馁) — by other folks’ achievements all my life.
When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend 1 a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running 2 , but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was 3 for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles. To be honest, I 4 it! Between the girl making my 5 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only 6 I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
…………
I’ve 14 a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever 15 I set for myself; they just have to be my own.
1．A．knew B．held C．won D．quit
2．A．regularly B．silently C．proudly D．recently
3．A．asking B．looking C．waiting D．training
4．A．made B．believed C．hated D．deserved
5．A．advantage B．achievement C．contribution D．influence
6．A．way B．risk C．place D．reason
14．A．picked up B．grown up C．turned up D．given up
15．A．limits B．dates C．goals D．tests
【变式1-2】(25-26高三上·山西太原·期中)
I was looking for a job that could help me make ends meet. It was a 1 summer when I stared at my nearly empty 2 , realizing that I was slipping into financial trouble. An online ad caught my eye, 3 “Our delivery riders can earn $18 — $25 an hour”, so I decided to give it a try.
………..
Standing under the same sun that had once made me fall, I finally understood: the highest pay was never counted in 15 , but in the courage to rise again and the patience to endure.
1．A．carefree B．burning C．secure D．wasted
2．A．account B．expense C．office D．stomach
3．A．reminding B．discussing C．advising D．promising
15．A．titles B．dollars C．prizes D．credits
考向02 根据文章发展脉络选词
【例2-1】(25-26高三上·湖南名校联盟联考·月考节选)
In Victoria, 33-year-old Brianna Hurst risked her own safety to save the lives of three drowning strangers. The event 1 near Apollo Bay on Sunday afternoon.
As the sunny afternoon took a dark turn, Brianna Hurst found herself 2 turned into the role of a hero. Sitting alone on the beach, she heard the panicked 3 of a swimmer who had managed to reach the shore. Without hesitation, Hurst 4 towards the water and dived in, swimming towards the three struggling men.
“I went to the one that was 5 to me,” she recounted. “I had to swim out about 20m to get him.” Not frightened by the 6 , Hurst pulled each unconscious (昏迷的) man to safety one by one. With each rescue, 7 anything, she risked her own safety to bring the trapped swimmers back to shore.
“At first there were not many other people on the beach, but by the time I was 8 the third person out, they saw what was happening and came to help,” Hurst recalled.
1．A．fell B．lay C．unfolded D．located
2．A．unaffectedly B．unexpectedly C．unconditionally D．undoubtedly
3．A．laughter B．whisper C．cheers D．cries
4．A．turned B．came C．pointed D．rushed
5．A．slowest B．biggest C．closest D．youngest
6．A．events B．waves C．strangers D．challenges
7．A．setting aside B．thinking over C．turning to D．giving up
8．A．letting B．pulling C．bringing D．making
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 5．C 6．D 7．A 8．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了33岁的布里安娜·赫斯特在阿波罗湾冒着生命危险救起三名溺水者，最终两人获救，一人不幸身亡，她的英勇行为受到警方表彰。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这起事件于周日下午在阿波罗湾附近发生。A. fell掉落；B. lay放置；C. unfolded展开，（事件）逐步发展；D. located找到……的准确位置，位于。根据空后“near Apollo Bay on Sunday afternoon”可知，此处指事件发生于阿波罗湾附近。注意locate表“位于”时需用被动，因此排除。故选C。
2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着晴朗的下午突然变天，布里安娜 赫斯特发现自己意外地变成了英雄的角色。A. unaffectedly真挚地；B. unexpectedly意外地；C. unconditionally无条件地；D. undoubtedly无疑地。根据空后“turned into the role of a hero”再结合全文可知，救人属于意外，所以是发现自己意外地变成了一个英雄的角色。故选B。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她独自坐在海滩上，听到了一名成功上岸的游泳者惊慌的呼喊声。A. laughter笑声；B. whisper低语；C. cheers欢呼；D. cries叫喊。根据空后“of a swimmer who had managed to reach the shore”及下文“the three struggling men”可知，有人落水，游泳者游到岸边，惊慌失措的叫喊声被她听到了。故选D。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：赫斯特毫不犹豫地冲向水边，潜入水中，朝着那三个挣扎的男子游去。A. turned转向；B. came来到；C. pointed指向；D. rushed冲去。根据后文“towards the water and dived in, swimming towards the three struggling men”可知，有人落水，要救人，赫斯特毫不犹豫地冲到水里，向那三个挣扎的人游去。故选D。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我先去了离我最近的那个人身边，” 她回忆道。A. slowest最慢的；B. biggest最大的；C. closest最近的；D. youngest最年轻的。根据下文“I had to swim out about 20m to get him.”及常识可知，救人先救离自己最近的那一个，故选C。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：赫斯特没有被挑战吓到，逐一将每个昏迷的男子拉到了安全地带。A. events事件；B. waves海浪；C. strangers陌生人；D. challenges挑战。根据空后“Hurst pulled each unconscious man to safety one by one.”可知，她面临挑战，冷静救人，没有被当时的情况所吓倒。故选D。
7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：每次救援时，她都不顾一切，冒着自身的安全风险将受困游泳者带回岸边。A. setting aside搁置，置……于不顾；B. thinking over仔细考虑；C. turning to求助于；D. giving up放弃。根据空后“she risked her own safety to bring the trapped swimmers back to shore.”可知，她不顾一切，冒着生命危险把被困的游泳者带回岸边。故选A。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“起初海滩上没有太多人，但当我把第三个人拉出来时，他们看到了正在发生的事情，便赶来帮忙，”赫斯特回忆道。A. letting让；B. pulling拉；C. bringing带来；D. making制造。根据上文“bring the trapped swimmers back to shore”及空后“the third person out”可知，此处是指把第三个人从水里拉出来。故选B。
【例2-2】(25-26高三上·河北衡水冀州区河北冀州中学·期中节选)
The magic of baseball is its fluid (流畅的) connection between players. Each player should be in the right position at the right time, playing their 1 to perfection.
That’s what was happening — practice — one afternoon when the Valley High School team was distracted by a scream for help. Coach Brett Sawyer heard the 2 and saw the entire team rushing toward the parking lot, 3 fences.
One of their schoolmates was pinned under a car that had 4 backed over her. One of the players, Chas Roberts, remembered afterward, “You had to do what you had to do to 5 someone’s life.” The players quickly 6 the car, each taking a hold, and lifted the car. An assistant coach was then able to 7 the girl out from underneath the car. She is expected to make a full 8 .
………..
1．A．work B．music C．chance D．part
2．A．song B．signal C．noise D．news
3．A．jumping over B．taking away C．climbing up D．pulling down
4．A．eventually B．accidentally C．accordingly D．unwillingly
5．A．save B．respect C．live D．ease
6．A．lifted B．surrounded C．entered D．escaped
7．A．figure B．call C．pull D．pick
8．A．schedule B．translation C．statement D．recovery
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了棒球队在训练时听到求救声，队员们合力救出被车压的同学，虽输掉比赛但更看重救人一事。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个球员都应在正确的时间处于正确的位置，完美地发挥自己的作用。A. work工作；B. music音乐；C. chance机会；D. part角色，作用。根据前文“The magic of baseball is its fluid (流畅的) connection between players. Each player should be in the right position at the right time”可知，此处指球员在团队中发挥自身作用，play one’s part是固定搭配，意为“扮演自己的角色”。故选D。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：布雷特 索耶教练听到了声音，看到整个球队冲向停车场，翻越围栏。A. song歌曲；B. signal信号；C. noise声音，声响；D. news新闻。根据前文“one afternoon when the Valley High School team was distracted by a scream for help.”可知，教练听到的是求救的声音。故选C。
3．考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. jumping over翻越；B. taking away拿走；C. climbing up爬上；D. pulling down推倒。结合“rushing toward the parking lot”的紧急场景，为快速赶往事故现场，队员应是“跳过”围栏，动作迅速合理。故选A。
4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们的一位同学被一辆不小心倒车时撞到的车压住了。A. eventually最终；B. accidentally意外地；C. accordingly相应地；D. unwillingly不情愿地。根据后文“One of their schoolmates was pinned under a car”以及常识可知，倒车压到人属于意外情况。故选B。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：球员查斯 罗伯茨事后回忆道：“为了拯救别人的生命，你必须做你该做的事。”A. save拯救；B. respect尊重；C. live生活，居住；D. ease减轻，缓解。根据前文“one of their schoolmates was pinned under a car”可知，同学被压在车下，所以要拯救生命，“save someone’s life是固定搭配，意为“挽救某人生命”，契合救人情境。故选A。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：球员们迅速围住汽车，每人抓住一部分，然后抬起汽车。A. lifted抬起；B. surrounded包围；C. entered进入；D. escaped逃跑。根据后文“each taking a hold, and lifted the car”可知，先“围住”汽车才能合力抬起，动作存在先后逻辑。故选B。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后一名助理教练能够把女孩从车下拉出来。A. figure认为；B. call打电话；C. pull拉；D. pick挑选。根据前文“The players quickly ___6___ the car, each taking a hold, and lifted the car.”可知，女孩被压在车下，抬起车后需将其“拉”出来，“pull...out from...(把……从……拉出来)”符合语境。故选C。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：预计她会完全康复。A. schedule日程安排；B. translation翻译；C. statement声明；D. recovery恢复。根据前文“An assistant coach was then able to ___7___ the girl out from underneath the car.”女孩被压在车下后被救出，结合常理可知，预计她会完全恢复，make a full recovery是固定表达，意为“完全康复”，用于描述伤者恢复健康。故选D。
【变式2-1】(25-26高三上·湖南长沙雅礼中学·月考)
In a remote village divided by a wide river, the elderly carpenter Elias watched with worry as the only bridge slowly rotted. The villagers on both sides, once a united community, had grown 1 and indifferent. Elias, though skilled, felt the problem was too big for one man. It seemed 2 .
Instead of appealing to the 3 , who were busy with their farms and arguments, he started a small project. He began 4 beautiful wooden toys— small boats, horses, and birds, in his yard. He then 5 these toys to the children, amusing them with stories of how kids from both sides used to play together on the bridge.
Fascinated, the children began to meet by the river. They started playing, first 6 , then with growing joy. This simple act changed the 7 . Seeing their children form friendships, the parents’ hearts began to 8 . They started talking to each other again.
1．A．familiar B．accustomed C．associated D．distant
2．A．uncomfortable B．simple C．strange D．unbeatable
3．A．colleagues B．adults C．enemies D．companies
4．A．purchasing B．collecting C．carving D．painting
5．A．sold B．gifted C．lifted D．saved
6．A．hesitantly B．bravely C．eagerly D．angrily
7．A．atmosphere B．occasion C．function D．environment
8．A．soften B．break C．beat D．tighten
【变式2-2】(25-26高三上·河北黄骅中学·期中节选)
Years ago, I disliked exercise. My gym visits were nothing but short treadmill (跑步机) walks and 1 attempts at weights, thus I even persuaded members to 2 classes for happy hours. Exercise wasn’t fun — until a personal crisis 3 me to seek relief through fitness.
Then came the turning point. I joined Adria’s training studio. As both owner and coach, she was good at motivating me. Before long, I was seeing 4 both in body and mind. Not only did I come across a great trainer, but I also gained a friend. However, exhausted from running her studio alone, Adria joked, “I wish you’d get certified — you’re the only one I’d trust with the keys.” I laughed it off, knowing that was impossible. Me A trainer — but her words 5 me. After weeks of hesitation, I 6 the ACE certification course.
Studying proved 7 because memorizing muscle groups and safety regulations was challenging for me. Luckily my son kept me 8 , just like I’d once lifted his spirits in study for medical school. Test day came and my every move was 9 carefully during the whole exam. Finally the “PASS” result brought me relief and 10
1．A．active B．positive C．random D．brave
2．A．attend B．skip C．offer D．forget
3．A．forced B．ordered C．allowed D．invited
4．A．limits B．signals C．problems D．changes
5．A．struck B．puzzled C．hurt D．failed
6．A．put up with B．signed up for C．dropped out of D．kept away from
7．A．interesting B．surprising C．demanding D．refreshing
8．A．inspired B．discouraged C．disappointed D．satisfied
9．A．questioned B．directed C．corrected D．watched
10．A．model B．test C．pride D．need
考向03 根据熟词生义选词
【例3-1】(25-26高三上·山东潍坊·期中节选)
……….
I thoroughly 3 all the unexpected spotlight: dear friends came to visit; all my kids showed up; nurses were particularly attentive and my phone was flooded with messages of love and 4 . Between treatments, I socialized with other patients and got interviewed by a delightful student nurse doing a paper. What 5 ! My story would be included in her 6 !
……..
3．A．guaranteed B．declined C．deserved D．enjoyed
4．A．concern B．integrity C．generosity D．confidence
5．A．work B．nonsense C．fun D．noise
6．A．studies B．artworks C．meetings D．schedules
【答案】3．D 4．A 5．C 6．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了长期担忧健康的作者因需抗生素治疗住院，意外收获亲友关爱与特殊经历，虽牵挂琐事和后续行程，却领悟到自己被爱包围的真谛，感恩这份温暖。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我非常享受这一切突如其来的关注：亲爱的朋友纷纷前来探望；我的所有孩子也都来了；护士们格外细心周到；我的手机上更是收到了满是爱意和关怀的留言。A. guaranteed保证；B. declined下降；C. deserved值得；D. enjoyed欣赏。后文“all the unexpected spotlight: dear friends came to visit; all my kids showed up; nurses were particularly attentive”主要描述的是好事，作者享受得到的关注。故选D。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我非常享受这一切突如其来的关注：亲爱的朋友纷纷前来探望；我的所有孩子也都来了；护士们格外细心周到；我的手机上更是收到了满是爱意和关怀的留言。A. concern关心，担心；B. integrity正直；C. generosity慷慨；D. confidence自信。根据上文“nurses were particularly attentive and my phone was flooded with messages of love and”可知，人们关心作者，手机上更是收到了满是爱意和关怀的留言。故选A。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：太有趣了！A. work工作；B. nonsense胡说；C. fun乐趣；D. noise噪音。根据上文“dear friends came to visit; all my kids showed up; nurses were particularly attentive and my phone was flooded with messages of love”以及“Between treatments, I socialized with other patients and got interviewed by a delightful student nurse doing a paper.(在治疗间隙，我与其他患者进行了交流，并接受了一位正在撰写论文的亲切实习护士的采访)”可知，作者因为生病得到了关注，故事还要被采访，认为很有趣。故选C。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的故事将会被纳入她的研究之中！A. studies研究；B. artworks艺术品；C. meetings会议；D. schedules日程安排。根据上文“Between treatments, I socialized with other patients and got interviewed by a delightful student nurse doing a paper.(在治疗间隙，我与其他患者进行了交流，并接受了一位正在撰写论文的亲切实习护士的采访)”可知，此处指作者的故事纳入护士的研究中。故选A。
【例3-2】（2024年新课标全国Ⅱ卷英语真题节选）
………
During my first visit to Italy, I ___42____ to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to 43 a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and ___44____ my language skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language ____45___. After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how ___46___ Italians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to ____47___ me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. It's these small ___48____ of kindness that make a new country feel like home.
42.A．planned B．struggled C．refused D．happened
43.A．string B．hang C．mix D．match
44.A．improved B．assessed C．admired D．praised
45.A．course B．barrier C．area D．test
46.A．open-minded B．strong-willed C．warm-hearted D．well-informed
47.A．remind B．allow C．persuade D．order
48.A．tricks B．promises C．acts D．duties
【答案】42．B 43．A 44．D 45．B 46．C 47．A 48．C
42. 考查动词词义辨析，句意：在我第一次访问意大利时，我很难问路或在餐馆点餐。A. planned计划；B. struggled斗争、吃力地进行；C. refused拒绝；D. happened出现、发生。根据上文“During my first visit to Italy”可推知，此处指作者第一次到意大利，语言不通，很难沟通交流。故选B。
43. 考查动词词义辨析，句意：我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起，当地人对我微笑，称赞我的语言技能。A. string串起、连成一串；B. hang悬挂；C. mix混合；D. match配对。根据下文“a sentence of Italian together”可推知，此处指作者努力想用意大利语串成一句话。故选A。
44．考查动词词义辨析，句意：我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起，当地人对我微笑，称赞我的语言技能。A. improved改进；B. assessed评估；C. admired钦佩；D. praised赞扬。根据上文“the locals smiled at me”以及下文“That encouragement”可推知，此处指作者尝试说意大利语，当地人赞扬作者的语言能力。故选D。
45. 考查名词词义辨析，句意：这种鼓励帮助我克服了语言障碍。A.course课程；B. barrier障碍；C. area区域；D. test测试。根据上文“the locals smiled at me and praised my language skills. That encouragement helped me”可推知，此处指当地人对作者的鼓励帮助他克服了语言障碍。故选B。
46. 考查形容词词义辨析，句意：当我把意大利作为永久的家后，我发现了意大利人是多么的热情。A. open-minded思想开明的；B. strong-willed思想坚定的；C. warm-hearted热心的；D. well-informed见多识广的。根据下文邻居的热心行为“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door”和“close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知，此处指邻居是热情的。故选C。
47. 考查动词词义辨析，句意：邻居们会给我带来新鲜的奶酪，还会在下雨的时候来我家门前提醒我关上车窗。A. remind提醒；B. allow允许；C. persuade说服；D. order命令。根据上文“I discovered how warm-hearted Italians are”以及下文“will come to my door”可推知，此处指热心的邻居在下雨的时候来作者家门前提醒他关上车窗。故选A。
48. 考查名词词义辨析，句意：正是这些小小的善举让一个新国家有家的感觉。A. tricks技巧；B. promises承诺；C. acts行为；D. duties职责。根据上文“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to remind me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知，此处指邻居们的善举。故选C。
【变式3-1】（2026·浙江省“9+ 1”联盟·一模节选）
When my friend Leo was diagnosed with a rare heart disease, his family faced crushing medical expenses. Seeing his once-vibrant spirit 1 ,I was determined to act.
………
1．A．reduced B．faded C．rose D．bloomed
【变式3-2】（2026·浙江省“9+ 1”联盟·一模节选）
………
The next week, colorful posters filled the hallways and students 5 enthusiastically; some even took the initiative to design 6 T-shirts for the event. Local businesses stepped up with donations, one generously offering $20,000. On the day of the race, over 300 runners gathered at the park. As the starting whistle blew, I felt a surge of 7 — we were making a real difference!
………
5．A．signed up B．cheered up C．set out D．called out
6．A．spare B．brand C．torn D．custom
7．A．doubt B．pride C．regret D．trust
专题01 高考真题练
A
（2025年全国高考一卷英语真题）
My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy 1 the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up. We had decided on key items for the 2 we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented a place to 3 our supposedly important objects. That left a house still 4 with things that, while not particularly 5 , didn’t belong in a landfill (垃圾填埋场).
I took a picture of the vase and posted it online, for $10. A couple of messages came in, one wanting additional 6 , another asking for a price cut. As our 7 day drew near, I settled on a new price ($0) and reposted it. The 8 : “I hate this vase. Maybe you won’t.” In an instant, a woman raced into my house and left happily with the vase.
9 , I posted more. My daily posts and the 10 I received became a precious ray of light in the chaos of my house. Each exchange provided a chance to 11 the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have 12 .
I sit in my apartment today, loving each of the 13 that share our small space. I take 14 in knowing that, somewhere nearby, someone is 15 something that couldn’t come with us.
1．A．painting over B．looking around C．emptying out D．pulling down
2．A．hotel B．office C．cottage D．apartment
3．A．store B．display C．sell D．repair
4．A．covered B．decorated C．stuffed D．equipped
5．A．conventional B．valuable C．complicated D．tolerable
6．A．fees B．photos C．receipts D．models
7．A．move B．pay C．market D．work
8．A．warning B．request C．description D．reply
9．A．Confused B．Interested C．Disappointed D．Encouraged
10．A．visits B．reports C．advice D．money
11．A．remove B．spare C．find D．check
12．A．investigated B．recognized C．encountered D．recommended
13．A．giveaways B．posts C．contributions D．belongings
14．A．joy B．part C．care D．time
15．A．anticipating B．appreciating C．delivering D．withdrawing
B
（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·高考）
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have 1 the course earlier than she did. Her 2 came because she was carrying a 3 across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 4 when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She 5 to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 6 . She couldn’t. Bailey then 7 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 8 attention.
Once there, Lenoue was 9 and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme 10 to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
As for Bailey, she is more 11 about why her act is considered a big 12 . “She was just crying. I couldn’t 13 her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the 14 , they’ve since become friends. Neither won the race, but the 15 of human kindness won the day.
1．A．designed B．followed C．changed D．finished
2．A．delay B．chance C．trouble D．excuse
3．A．judge B．volunteer C．classmate D．competitor
4．A．race B．school C．town D．training
5．A．agreed B．returned C．stopped D．promised
6．A．courage B．aid C．patience D．advice
7．A．went away B．stood up C．stepped aside D．bent down
8．A．medical B．public C．constant D．equal
9．A．interrupted B．assessed C．identified D．appreciated
10．A．hunger B．pain C．cold D．tiredness
11．A．worried B．ashamed C．confused D．discouraged
12．A．game B．problem C．lesson D．deal
13．A．leave B．cure C．bother D．understand
14．A．ride B．test C．meet D．show
15．A．secret B．display C．benefit D．exchange
C
（2023·新课标全国Ⅱ卷·高考）
In April last year, I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka. They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight 1 . They could not afford to pay for 2 for their dog, Tiffy, and 3 wanted to take her with them.
It just 4 that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who 5 to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to 6 Tiffy.
When I met Tiffy’s owners, they seemed very 7 . George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was 8 for him, having to leave his dog to a 9 and trust that everything would 10 .
After some goodbyes, I asked George and his wife to help me 11 Tiffy into the plane. I promised to take care of Tiffy and 12 them as soon as we got to Kansas City.
The flight was 13 , and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day, she 14 with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days. He was so 15 and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures. It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again.
1．A．turn B．budget C．schedule D．connection
2．A．food B．shelter C．medicine D．transportation
3．A．desperately B．temporarily C．secretly D．originally
4．A．appeared B．proved C．happened D．showed
5．A．waited B．offered C．hurried D．failed
6．A．see off B．look for C．hand over D．pick up
7．A．confused B．nervous C．annoyed D．curious
8．A．hard B．fine C．common D．lucky
9．A．coworker B．passenger C．stranger D．neighbor
10．A．speed up B．work out C．come back D．take off
11．A．feed B．follow C．change D．load
12．A．call B．join C．leave D．serve
13．A．unnecessary B．unexpected C．unavoidable D．uneventful
14．A．returned B．fought C．flew D．agreed
15．A．thankful B．generous C．proud D．sympathetic
专题02 优秀模拟题
A
(25高三下·重庆南开中学·5月质检)
When I was a child, my Aunt Julie had a dog named Sammy that always greeted us with a “doggy smile.” One afternoon we were all 1 and going out for a party. I don’t remember the occasion, but I do remember that we were in an awful 2 .
Sammy, however, wasn’t in any hurry. The only thing Sammy was 3 in was getting some attention. “No, Sammy, we cannot play.” my aunt 4 , “We have to go! Now!” The 5 was that we couldn’t go, because Aunt Julie had misplaced her false teeth. The longer we searched for her teeth, the later we got for the event, the crosser Aunt Julie became, and the more 6 Sammy seemed to demand. We 7 Sammy’s barking, as we looked wildly for the missing false teeth.
Finally, Aunt Julie 8 her breaking point and gave up. She sank to the bottom of the stairs and cried. I sat next to her, 9 her with that special brand of wisdom eight-year-olds 10 . “It’s okay, Aunt Julie. We can still go, just don’t smile.” I said, which made her cry even 11 .
At that moment, Sammy gave a few 12 barks from the top of the stairs, and then was quiet. As we turned around to see what she wanted, we both exploded into 13 . There stood a “smiling” Sammy — with Aunt Julie’s false teeth in her mouth — her tail wagging a hundred miles an hour. The message in her 14 eyes was obvious: I’ve been trying to tell you for a half hour — I know where your teeth are! It’s a(n) 15 that, thirty years later, still makes me laugh out loud.
1．A．taken in B．woken up C．dressed up D．called on
2．A．rush B．fear C．shame D．regret
3．A．disappointed B．expert C．absorbed D．confident
4．A．whispered B．scolded C．sobbed D．continued
5．A．problem B．risk C．principle D．secret
6．A．praise B．food C．attention D．sleep
7．A．applauded B．ignored C．imitated D．recorded
8．A．avoided B．delayed C．reached D．passed
9．A．confusing B．criticizing C．teasing D．comforting
10．A．invent B．lack C．forget D．possess
11．A．harder B．less C．softer D．quieter
12．A．frightened B．sharp C．aggressive D．curious
13．A．tears B．song C．anger D．laughter
14．A．sparkling B．blank C．cold D．cruel
15．A．puzzle B．sight C．thought D．disaster
B
(25-26上·福建全国名校联盟·期中)
They keep appearing in my feed: charming pictures of cheerful children as they dive into a water park or dig into an ice cream treat. Such a post from a friend 1 me this afternoon. Her son seemed 2 , yet the words felt heavy: “This is in case he tells a psychologist about his 3 childhood someday.”
The words settled deep within me. As a psychologist and parent, I 4 this urge too well. There has been a lot of parent shaming and 5 nowadays, creating a sense that every parent is potentially going to be 6 . It makes sense for someone facing judgment to prepare their 7 for the defense as early as possible. How often had I, too, 8 my social media posts to prove my children’s happiness — and my own worth
But photos capture (捕捉) only expressions, not 9 . A teen can pose with cousins smiling while feeling 10 unseen. Security grows not from delicate pictures, but from genuine connection— from being truly 11 and appreciated in daily life.
That evening, I put my phone away and sat with my daughter. “Tell me about your day.” I said. Surprise flashed across her face, then gradually turned into 12 as she began to share her world, even the 13 parts — about arguments with friends and the pressures in study. I listened without 14 the moment on a device. Our conversation wasn’t perfect, but honest. And in her eyes, I saw something reassuring — 15 , which means so much more to me than any online approval.
1．A．amused B．concerned C．confused D．comforted
2．A．nervous B．grateful C．curious D．joyful
3．A．busy B．adventurous C．difficult D．quiet
4．A．understood B．ignored C．resisted D．controlled
5．A．investing B．coaching C．judging D．struggling
6．A．on trial B．at ease C．in charge D．under threat
7．A．speech B．evidence C．strategy D．budget
8．A．deleted B．analyzed C．reviewed D．polished
9．A．lessons B．concepts C．choices D．emotions
10．A．totally B．randomly C．casually D．suddenly
11．A．informed B．valued C．educated D．celebrated
12．A．panic B．regret C．relief D．pride
13．A．unreasonable B．unimportant C．unavailable D．unpleasant
14．A．recording B．assessing C．choosing D．recalling
15．A．passion B．trust C．desire D．sympathy
C
(25-26高三上·江苏连云港·期中)
Three black-headed waterbirds circled above Mapam Yumco Lake, the world’s highest freshwater lake. Near the lake, 42-year-old Dradul has 1 as a guardian of the wetland for more than a decade.
By mid-morning on a typical working day, Dradul will be circling the lake on his motorcycle, covering a 2 route stretching nearly 10 kilometers. In his bag are binoculars for observing waterbirds, a notebook for recording wildlife species and 3 , and garbage bags for collecting litter. He also carries what he calls his “life-saving 4 ” — food, water, and tools for animal rescues.
Mapam Yumco Lake, known as the “Mother of Rivers,” 5 the headwaters of four major Asian rivers, sustaining life far beyond the Himalayas. The guardians’ tasks may seem 6 — patrolling (巡逻), recording, responding to threats — but in this delicate ecosystem, even small actions carry weight.
Last year, they rescued an eagle with a broken wing, nursing it back to 7 . This July, they spotted a wild Yak trapped in a mudflat, and they 8 pulled it to safety. Beyond rescues, much of a guardian’s work involves preventing 9 littering everywhere. Thanks to their efforts, the wetland’s 10 has steadily improved.
Yet the work isn’t easy. Climate change poses the biggest 11 , changing shorelines and damaging grassland. Besides, while most visitors 12 the rules, some litter or even wash cars in the lake. With vast areas to cover, Dradul hopes to use more technologies to help them better fulfill their 13 .
14 challenges, Dradul believes the lake will never grow old, with more young people 15 the responsibility of protection.
1．A．operated B．recognized C．served D．performed
2．A．fixed B．constant C．straight D．temporary
3．A．schools B．numbers C．problems D．habitats
4．A．equipment B．device C．system D．kit
5．A．controls B．creates C．divides D．feeds
6．A．urgent B．crucial C．constructive D．routine
7．A．freedom B．life C．health D．strength
8．A．carefully B．hardly C．freely D．desperately
9．A．friends B．settlers C．visitors D．strangers
10．A．restoration B．management C．scenery D．ecosystem
11．A．challenge B．dilemma C．puzzle D．solution
12．A．break B．respect C．discover D．change
13．A．duties B．promises C．objectives D．dreams
14．A．With B．Despite C．About D．Through
15．A．taking up B．taking out C．taking in D．taking down
D
（2025高三下·河北省A9联盟·三模）
A couple from Maryland stranded (滞留) in the freezing cold on a Virginia highway without food. As the hours passed, they grew 1 hungry and discouraged.
After nearly 21 hours of being 2 on 95 South, Casey and her husband John slept there overnight and not having 3 to food or water. At that time, they 4 a Schmidt Baking Co. truck ahead of them. “Many had small children or were elderly, and they hadn’t eaten for almost an entire day,” Casey said. 5 for help, they decided to 6 Schmidt Bakery to see if they could provide some much- needed 7 for them, as well as others in the same predicament (困境).
“I didn’t think it would actually work,” said Casey, who 8 a message with customer service. But to their 9 , 20 minutes later, they actually got help from Chuck Paterakis, the 10 of the bakery. He told them to 11 the truck driver, Ron, who had been authorized to 12 bread to 50 motorists (驾车者). The couple joined Ron in delivering the bread, and soon others joined in, resulting in about 300 loaves being handed out.
“It was amazing to 13 people’s gratitude and to see their 14 when they finally had food. This was one of the kindest moments I have ever 15 ,” Casey recalled.
1．A．equally B．increasingly C．eagerly D．simply
2．A．available B．inspired C．stuck D．strange
3．A．access B．addiction C．adaptation D．reaction
4．A．spotted B．chose C．accepted D．described
5．A．suitable B．Ideal C．Desperate D．Thankful
6．A．open B．contact C．question D．warn
7．A．equipment B．food C．clothing D．advice
8．A．translated B．complained C．recited D．left
9．A．surprise B．regret C．disappointment D．honor
10．A．sponsor B．cook C．owner D．customer
11．A．protect B．approach C．rescue D．trust
12．A．call off B．look into C．focus on D．hand out
13．A．hear B．exchange C．predict D．prevent
14．A．tiredness B．pressure C．relief D．bravery
15．A．followed B．celebrated C．searched D．witnessed
E
（2025·湖南长沙长郡中学·二模）
When I was young, my mom noticed something different in me. I had trouble distinguishing my right from left and often 1 the front yard with the back yard. By 3rd grade, my teacher, recognizing my 2 in class, suggested I be tested for learning disabilities. At that age, being 3 as “slow” or “stupid”, like children attending the resource room, was unbearable. So it took my mom days of 4 before I agreed to get tested.
The results revealed I was indeed learning disabled, and initially I kept it 5 . From 3rd to 6th grade, I attended the resource room, putting efforts into making excuses to avoid explaining the truth to my classmates. In 7th and 8th grade, I got better at 6 .
However, things took a 7 in high school. One day, while some students were mocking (嘲弄) a friend for his learning ability, I nervously stepped up and 8 that I shared one too. 9 , rather than mocking me, they became curious, likely because they’d always considered me a “ 10 ” student, for I excelled in subjects that rarely 11 skills impacted by my disability.
That experience made me realize people simply 12 learning disabilities. I decided to 13 , share my story and change conditions of those with learning disabilities. Now, I’m pursuing my Master’s degree. The most rewarding aspect of my journey isn’t awards or graduation, but 14 students like me. One person can make a difference and I am a great 15 of that.
1．A．replaced B．confused C．associated D．compared
2．A．struggle B．progress C．expression D．pressure
3．A．mistaken B．accepted C．labelled D．explained
4．A．discussion B．persuasion C．negotiation D．argument
5．A．positive B．manageable C．organized D．hidden
6．A．set-ups B．make-ups C．pick-ups D．cover-ups
7．A．turn B．step C．chance D．stand
8．A．denied B．pretended C．admitted D．ensured
9．A．Astonishingly B．Discouragingly C．Absolutely D．Naturally
10．A．popular B．smart C．sympathetic D．common
11．A．displayed B．enhanced C．polished D．required
12．A．devalued B．uncovered C．misinterpreted D．disregarded
13．A．drop out B．speak out C．settle down D．calm down
14．A．identifying B．understanding C．encountering D．backing
15．A．example B．instructor C．symbol D．gainer
F
（2024·浙江杭州二中·二模）
Every Christmas, my mom would fill our stockings with small toys and candies. At the very tip of the stocking, the very 1 thing that we would pull out was an orange. For years, I hated the tradition. It was 2 to pull an orange out of my 3 after uncovering so many fun and delicious treats. An orange wasn’t special. I could eat one any time of the year, and it was just 4 room that could have been filled with more candy.
When I was thirteen, I 5 asked my mother why she put oranges in our stockings. She 6 my grandfather had grown up very poor. His father had a brain tumor that left him blind and 7 to work, so his mother relied on 8 from the church to take care of her seven children. Every Christmas, a local church donated a basket of fruit to their family. This was my grandfather’s favorite day of the year because it was the only day when he could eat fresh fruit. The oranges were his favorite because they 9 like sunshine. When he grew up, he always 10 to have a bowl of oranges around at Christmastime so he could 11 his favorite Christmas memory with his children.
When my mom finished telling the story, I felt 12 . In my rush to collect as much candy as possible, I had 13 to be grateful. Now the orange at the bottom of my stocking is a 14 to be grateful for the beautiful Christmases that my parents gave me and for the hard work they did that ensured I could have a（n） 15 any day of the year.
1．A．best B．last C．first D．fast
2．A．disappointing B．amazing C．appealing D．frightening
3．A．room B．bag C．stocking D．pocket
4．A．blowing up B．building up C．taking up D．holding up
5．A．initially B．joyfully C．casually D．eventually
6．A．commented B．described C．explained D．imagined
7．A．unwilling B．unable C．qualified D．ambitious
8．A．contributions B．inventions C．pensions D．donations
9．A．tasted B．looked C．touched D．felt
10．A．settled down B．spoke up C．made sure D．turned up
11．A．share B．exchange C．appreciate D．discuss
12．A．anxious B．ashamed C．delighted D．excited
13．A．forgotten B．expected C．continued D．agreed
14．A．ceremony B．tradition C．reminder D．memory
15．A．party B．festival C．gift D．orange
G
（2025·高三·杭州学军中学·三模）
We lived in Cleveland, Ohio. One afternoon a couple of summers ago, just as the sky was 1 , a woman I didn’t know stood 2 in our doorway, holding the screen door open. I saw the silhouette (轮廓) of her head through the window. She didn’t feel well at all. So, I wondered, what should I do now
This moment of decision had 3 me before. For nineteen years, we’ve lived at the 4 of a highway, which often leads exhausted cars to our house. These travelers have all asked for little things, such as the phone, a glass of water, or 5 directions. All have been strangers to me.
Nowadays, we live in a world full of suspicion. Conventional wisdom advises that to 6 a good person is to be naive and risk terrible consequences. News is full of stories about 7 who unintentionally endanger themselves. There is no doubt that those are true stories, but the lesson goes against my belief. Sometimes to do the right thing, you must 8 . Must we fear all of those whom we don’t know Is our own personal safety always the important 9
Our location 10 me to make difficult choices. The highway makes it impossible to 11 the world and relationship to it. When someone approaches us for help, I have to decide: Do I help them or not
I believe 12 others who need help endangers me, too. I’d rather risk my 13 safety than my peace of mind. I’d rather live my life acting out of 14 than save it by living in uneasiness.
So when the woman was sinking like the sun on my front doorstep, I made my choice.
I 1 the door.
1．A．clearing B．brightening C．darkening D．clouding
2．A．sinking B．drooping C．weeping D．shouting
3．A．led to B．responded to C．appealed to D．happened to
4．A．exit B．heart C．entrance D．peak
5．A．even B．merely C．mainly D．randomly
6．A．work as B．learn from C．act as D．hear from
7．A．explorers B．survivors C．victims D．adventurers
8．A．take action B．take responsibility C．take notes D．take risks
9．A．advice B．consideration C．ideas D．criterion
10．A．forces B．allows C．motivates D．begs
11．A．ignore B．greet C．notice D．fight
12．A．accepting B．rejecting C．embracing D．disliking
13．A．virtual B．emotional C．physical D．spiritual
14．A．necessity B．envy C．curiosity D．mercy
15．A．opened B．locked C．closed D．pushed
H
（2025高三·湖北华中师范大学第一附属中学·5月模拟）
Brian Phoenix was a 71-year-old DJ with forty years of experience. He has recently gained unexpected 1 after a TikTok video of him using CDs at a wedding went viral. The video, shared by Miranda Dolph, showed him 2 tracks from his massive CD collection, contrasting modern playlist-driven weddings.
Dolph’s post, which was viewed over 9 million times, called Phoenix the 3 old DJ. And Phoenix, amazed by how people 4 , joked, “It’s not like I was saving a baby from a burning building. I’m just standing there. So, I find that amazing! ” Phoenix told Good Morning America.
“I initially ignored Phoenix’s 5 until I saw him digging through his impressive CDs and lining up songs, which 6 me. You see, today most DJs just use playlists and computers, and don’t 7 go through all the CDs. His devotion inspired viewers,” Dolph 8 . After the video 9 , Dolph contacted him, sharing a follow-up message in which Phoenix encouraged everyone not to let society limit them but instead dance to their own 10 .
Phoenix dreamed of being a DJ since childhood. In his sixth grade, friends called his home to order songs, which he was 11 to play over the phone. Decades later, he remained 12 in his craft, performing weekly at weddings.
“Whatever your 13 is, don’t let anybody play with it or influence you. Chase your dreams and never 14 . Go out there and do it for as long as you want, ” Phoenix said, adding that not giving up is a major ingredient to 15 .
1．A．independence B．insight C．knowledge D．popularity
2．A．learning B．selecting C．copying D．translating
3．A．humblest B．saddest C．cutest D．noblest
4．A．responded B．argued C．wondered D．doubted
5．A．right B．presence C．request D．status
6．A．transported B．alarmed C．froze D．struck
7．A．randomly B．necessarily C．endlessly D．occasionally
8．A．claimed B．analysed C．recalled D．requested
9．A．stretched out B．tracked in C．broke up D．took off
10．A．state B．music C．mood D．addiction
11．A．hesitant B．curious C．clumsy D．happy
12．A．rooted B．valued C．seasoned D．trapped
13．A．memory B．secret C．dream D．inspiration
14．A．grow B．settle C．struggle D．react
15．A．integrity B．honor C．wisdom D．success
I
（2025·湖北黄冈·第四次模拟）
After 17 days of tense rescue efforts, 41 construction workers trapped in a collapsed Himalayan tunnel were finally freed on Tuesday.
The disaster 1 on November 12 when part of a tunnel being built in northern India’s Uttarakhand state suddenly collapsed. Over 60 meters of broken rocks and metal debris 2 the exit, trapping the workers inside. Rescue teams immediately began 3 the blockage using heavy machinery, but progress faced repeated 4 . A key American-made drilling machine broke down just meters away from reaching the trapped men last Friday, forcing workers to complete the final 5 by hand.
Uttarakhand Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami 6 at a press conference that all rescued workers showed no signs of serious injury. “Although medical teams prepared stretchers (担架), many chose to 7 out on their own. Doctors will continue monitoring them, but no serious conditions have been reported,” he stated, praising the combined 8 of engineers, medical staff, and government departments.
Throughout the crisis, rescuers 9 contact with the trapped workers through a 53-meter pipe that delivered oxygen, food, and water. Doctors provided mental health guidance to help the men stay 10 . Family members 11 every day at the tunnel entrance, praying for their safe return.
As a backup plan, engineers had started drilling downward through 12 mountain areas. However, the original horizontal drilling plan 13 succeeded. In the final stage, rescuers pushed a wide pipe through the cleared path, allowing the workers to escape 14 .
The rescued laborers, all migrant workers from India’s less developed regions, demonstrated remarkable 15 during their 17-day underground experience.
1．A．attacked B．struck C．started D．arrived
2．A．closed B．blocked C．disturbed D．destroyed
3．A．cutting through B．digging through C．drilling through D．breaking through
4．A．dangers B．accidents C．risks D．setbacks
5．A．division B．section C．journey D．attempt
6．A．declared B．doubted C．imagined D．questioned
7．A．run B．skip C．crawl D．slide
8．A．effects B．efforts C．skills D．plans
9．A．maintained B．lost C．built D．required
10．A．quiet B．energized C．still D．calm
11．A．met B．formed C．gathered D．stood
12．A．unusual B．uncommon C．uncertain D．unstable
13．A．ultimately B．suddenly C．possibly D．temporarily
14．A．safely B．quickly C．freely D．bravely
15．A．kindness B．insight C．strength D．wisdom
J
（2025·重庆西南附属中学·第十次模拟）
I grew up in poverty, and that was pretty obvious to all my teachers. In 8th grade, I won a contest for 1 the yearbook cover, securing my 2 as “that one art kid” in my class. I made the design with random pencils and crayons in the classroom, because I didn’t have any of my own.
My teachers noticed I 3 enjoyed making art, because there would always be doodles (涂鸦) in my notes. Everyone wanted to 4 with me in any assignment requiring 5 .
Well, the day before Christmas break I was told to meet with the guidance counsellor (辅导员). My mind raced with 6 , thinking, “What could I possibly have done wrong ” But when I got there, there was a huge wrapped box on the table. The counsellor told me it was for me and 7 me to open it. It was full of art 8 : coloured pencils, pens, etc.
I remember 9 and crying. I asked who got it for me and the counsellor told me “Mr. Good”. I insisted on knowing who it was so I could 10 them. She refused to tell me. Those gifts helped me create art for years to come and I graduated with the 11 — Most Artistic Person.
I get all 12 thinking about this every now and then. Those supplies were not just tools for drawing — they were a(n) 13 of hope and belief in me. That simple act of kindness 14 a seed that has grown into a lifelong 15 for art.
1．A．designing B．judging C．introducing D．discovering
2．A．future B．place C．privacy D．safety
3．A．suddenly B．gradually C．barely D．really
4．A．debate B．pair C．negotiate D．compare
5．A．speaking B．writing C．drawing D．reading
6．A．worry B．disappointment C．anger D．sympathy
7．A．directed B．forced C．encouraged D．ordered
8．A．commercials B．supplies C．paintings D．brochures
9．A．showing up B．hanging out C．pulling through D．breaking down
10．A．accept B．support C．recognise D．thank
11．A．assignment B．honour C．reward D．anticipation
12．A．sharp-eared B．clear-headed C．misty-eyed D．tight-lipped
13．A．track B．summary C．absence D．symbol
14．A．sowed B．lent C．moved D．wrapped
15．A．enthusiasm B．demand C．memory D．respect21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)题型14 完形填空（语篇层次题）
题型简介
在高考英语完形填空中，语篇层次题是考查学生能否从整体篇章的宏观角度理解文章、把握逻辑、推断主旨和作者意图的最高阶题型。它要求学生跳出句子甚至段落的局限，将全文视为一个有机整体，理解其内在的主题脉络、情感走向、结构布局和逻辑闭环。攻克此类题目，是完形填空取得高分（乃至满分）的关键，也是衡量学生英语阅读思维深度和广度的核心标尺。
设题类型&解题思路
考向01 根据首尾/前后文呼应选词
题型核心：考查文章结构的完整性与内容的首尾呼应、前后一致。正确答案往往与文章开头提出的主题、观点、问题，或结尾总结的结论、升华的情感形成直接或间接的呼应。
常见设题位置：
文章结尾处的空格，其答案常与文章开头或标题相呼应，起到点题、升华或给出结论的作用。
文章中间段落的关键词，可能与全文主旨或另一段落的核心描述形成复现或同义替换。
解题技巧：
首段定调：精读首段，明确文章的话题（Topic）、主旨（Main Idea）及作者的初始态度。
尾段收官：重点阅读尾段，理解作者如何总结、呼吁或升华主题。
寻找闭环：将选项代入后，检查其是否能与开头形成巧妙呼应，或使结尾的结论水到渠成，构成一个完整的逻辑圆环。
示例模型：
首段：In a world obsessed with speed and efficiency, we often overlook the value of slowness. （在一个痴迷速度和效率的世界，我们常忽视“慢”的价值。）
...
尾段：Perhaps, the greatest wisdom lies not in doing things faster, but in having the courage to embrace the ___ of a slower, more deliberate life. （或许，最大的智慧不在于做得更快，而在于有勇气拥抱一种更缓慢、更从容的生活的___。）
选项：A. chaos (混乱) B. rhythm (节奏) C. cost (代价) D. mystery (神秘)
解析：文章开头提出“慢的价值”，结尾进行总结升华。空格处需要概括“缓慢、从容生活”的特点，且与开头“value of slowness”正向呼应。B. rhythm（节奏） 最符合，它体现了“慢生活”内在的、积极的韵律感，与“价值”形成呼应，使文章首尾圆合。
考向02 根据文章发展脉络选词
题型核心：考查对文章逻辑推进、情节发展或情感变化全过程的把握。空格处是这条“线索链”上的关键一环，需要根据故事如何开始、发展、转折、结束来推断。
线索特征：
情节脉络：在记叙文中，体现为事件的起因、经过（可能包含波折）、高潮、结果。
论证脉络：在议论文中，体现为提出观点、提供论据（正反）、进行论证、得出结论。
情感/态度脉络：作者或主人公的情感随时间或事件发展而发生变化（如：平静→惊讶→困惑→反思→释然）。
解题技巧：
线索地图法：快速通读全文，用简单的词语或箭头标记出核心事件的发展阶段或作者情感的几个关键转折点。
定位与匹配：确定空格处于哪个阶段（如：是“出现问题后”还是“解决方案前”？是“态度转变前”还是“转变后”？）。
顺承逻辑：选择最能顺承上文发展、并合理引出下文的选项，确保填入后，整条脉络流畅自然。
示例模型：
(Para 1) 作者最初对公开演讲充满恐惧。
(Para 2) 经过多次练习和失败，他取得了一点进步，但依然紧张。
(Para 3) 在一次关键演讲前，他采用了新的心理方法。上台后，他惊讶地发现自己不再关注观众的反应，而是沉浸在要分享的___中。
选项：A. story (故事) B. message (信息) C. technique (技巧) D. judgment (评判)
解析：本文脉络是“恐惧→练习→采用新方法→演讲状态改变”。新方法让他从关注外部（观众反应）转向关注演讲的内部核心。作为演讲者，最核心的是要传递的“信息”或“内容”。B. message（信息） 最符合情节从“外”向“内”发展的逻辑，也是演讲的根本目的。
考向03 根据熟词生义选词
题型核心：考查学生对常见词汇在特定语境下的引申义、比喻义或专业义的掌握。所考单词本身是“熟词”，但在文中使用的含义却是学生相对陌生的“生义”。
词汇特点：
基础词汇（如：heavy, light, run, break, sharp等）在具体语境中产生的非常用义。
名词动用、形容词动用等转化。
固定短语在特定上下文中的灵活变体或隐喻用法。
解题技巧：
警惕字面陷阱：遇到简单词汇时，切莫直接代入最常见含义。
语境定义法：彻底忽略其熟知的含义，完全依赖上下文来重新定义这个词。问自己：“在这个句子里，这个位置需要一个表示什么概念或动作的词？”
代入验证：将选项的“生义”代入后，看是否能使所在句子语义通顺，且与上下文逻辑严丝合缝。
示例模型：
After years of research, the scientist finally found the ___ piece of evidence that supported her groundbreaking theory.
选项：A. missing (丢失的) B. key (关键的) C. final (最后的) D. heavy (重的)
解析：很多学生知道“heavy”表示“重的”。但在这里，“the heavy piece of evidence”是一个地道表达，heavy引申为“有分量的”、“决定性的”、“强有力的”，与“key”近义，但更强调其证明力的强大和不容置疑。如果仅知道“重的”这个意思，则无法理解。此处选择D. heavy（有分量的）更符合科学发现语境下对“决定性证据”的描述。
考向01根据首尾/前后文呼应选词
【例1-1】(25-26高三上·广东广州花都区第一中学·期中节选)
In the heart of the energetic city of Metroville, John, a dedicated software developer, found himself occupied by lines of code and tight deadlines, but he never forgot his desire to make a positive impact.
One evening, scrolling through social media, John’s eyes 1 a post from a local charity, “Light Up the Dark.” It spoke of the 2 faced by families in remote villages, where children studied by dim candlelight 3 lack of electricity. This struck a chord in John’s heart, and he knew he had to help.
………..
John’s story showed the ability of one individual to make a significant 13 . It is the simple acts of 14 and generosity that truly 15 the world.
1．A．observed B．witnessed C．searched D．caught
2．A．struggle B．confusion C．fright D．embarrassment
3．A．in spite of B．regardless of C．in case of D．due to
14．A．bravery B．kindness C．patience D．creativity
15．A．light up B．cheer up C．clean up D．brush up
【答案】
1．D 2．A 3．D 13．B 14．B 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了软件开发者约翰利用自己的技术技能，与慈善机构合作设计更好的太阳能灯笼，为偏远村庄的家庭带来光明，他的行动引发了一场运动，激励了各行各业的人参与进来，展现了个人能产生重大影响，强调了善良和慷慨行为对世界的积极意义。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天晚上，约翰在刷社交媒体时，目光偶然看到了当地一家名为“点亮黑暗”的慈善机构发布的帖子。A. observed观察；B. witnessed目睹；C. searched搜索；D. caught抓住，瞥见。根据下文“this struck a chord in John’s heart”可知，他的心被触动说明帖子进入他的视线。故选D。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它讲述了偏远村庄家庭所面临的困境，由于缺乏电力，孩子们只能借着昏暗的烛光学习。A. struggle挣扎，困境；B. confusion困惑；C. fright恐惧；D. embarrassment尴尬。根据下文“lack of electricity”可知，缺电导致孩子学习条件差，这是一种生活困境。故选A。
3．考查介词短语辨析。句意：它讲述了偏远村庄家庭所面临的困境，由于缺乏电力，孩子们只能借着昏暗的烛光学习。A. in spite of尽管；B. regardless of不管；C. in case of万一；D. due to由于。根据下文“lack of electricity”可知，由于缺乏电力，孩子们只能借助昏暗的烛光学习。故选D。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：约翰的故事展现了一个人创造重大影响的能力。A. contribution贡献；B. difference不同；C. decision决定；D. effort努力。根据下文“It is the simple acts of ____14____ and generosity that truly ____15____ the world.”以及上文内容可知，约翰的故事展示了一个人产生重大影响的能力，make a significant difference为固定搭配，意为“产生重大影响”。故选B。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是这些简单的善举与慷慨之举，真正照亮了这个世界。A. bravery勇敢；B. kindness善良；C. patience耐心；D. creativity创造力。根据下文“and generosity”可知，与“generosity”（慷慨）并列，“kindness”（善良）是主动帮助他人的核心动机。故选B。
15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：正是这些简单的善举与慷慨之举，真正照亮了这个世界。A. light up照亮；B. cheer up使高兴；C. clean up清理；D. brush up提高。全文围绕“光明”展开（烛光、太阳能灯笼、希望的火花），“light up the world”既扣住“点亮黑暗”的项目名称，又升华主题，是双重语义的完美呼应。故选A。
【例1-2】(25-26高三上·甘肃部分学校·月考节选)
About two weeks ago, I fell and heard a snap (咔嚓声) in my foot. I was screaming with both 1 and fear. I didn’t want to 2 someone to take me to the emergency room (ER) as it was about midnight when this 3 . I went to the hospital in the carpool (拼车). I hobbled (跛行) until the staff got me a(n) 4 . I sat alone, facing a corner and 5 . I had never broken a bone, and never been to the ER by myself.
………..
My foot was indeed broken, but my heart felt 13 . You never know when someone needs a hug, a talk, or just a distraction. I don’t know if that 14 will ever see this article. If they do, I’d say, “Thank you again.” I’ll never forget what a random and effortless act of kindness can do and I hope I can 15 it forward.
1．A．death B．anger C．pain D．disaster
2．A．trouble B．command C．advise D．desire
3．A．extended B．flashed C．lay D．happened
4．A．bike B．wheelchair C．ambulance D．novel
5．A．crying B．sleeping C．laughing D．looking
13．A．cured B．cooled C．matched D．stolen
14．A．group B．family C．company D．class
15．A．push B．recall C．pay D．cast
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．A 13．A 14．B 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者深夜骨折独自就医时陷入无助，一个陌生家庭主动伸出援手，这段温暖的邂逅让作者感悟到微小善举的力量，并希望将这份善意传递下去的故事。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我因疼痛和恐惧而尖叫。A. death死亡；B. anger愤怒；C. pain疼痛；D. disaster灾难。根据上文“About two weeks ago, I fell and heard a snap (咔嚓声) in my foot.”可知，作者摔倒受伤了，因此是指因疼痛和恐惧而尖叫。故选C。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不想麻烦别人送我去急诊室（ER），因为事情发生的时候已经是午夜了。A. trouble麻烦；B. command命令；C. advise建议；D. desire渴望。根据下文“someone to take me to the emergency room (ER) as it was about midnight”可知，当时是午夜，时间很晚了，作者不想麻烦别人送自己去急诊室。故选A。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不想麻烦别人送我去急诊室（ER），因为事情发生的时候已经是午夜了。A. extended延伸；B. flashed闪烁；C. lay躺；D. happened发生。根据上文“About two weeks ago, I fell and heard a snap (咔嚓声) in my foot.”可知，此处指开头发生的摔倒受伤这件事。故选D。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我一瘸一拐，直到工作人员给我弄了个轮椅。A. bike自行车；B. wheelchair轮椅；C. ambulance救护车；D. novel小说。根据上文“I hobbled (跛行)”可知，作者一瘸一拐，不方便行动，因此医院的工作人员给他弄了个轮椅，下文的“in the wheelchair”也是提示。故选B。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我独自坐着，面朝角落哭了起来。A. crying哭泣；B. sleeping睡觉；C. laughing大笑；D. looking看。根据下文“I had never broken a bone, and never been to the ER by myself.”可知，作者从来没有骨折过，也从来没有独自去过急诊室，独自面对这些情况的他会因为害怕而哭泣。故选A。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的脚确实骨折了，但我的心却痊愈了。A. cured治愈；B. cooled冷却；C. matched匹配；D. stolen偷窃。根据上文“My foot was indeed broken”和表示转折的“but”可知，虽然作者的脚确实骨折了，但他的心却痊愈了，身体状态和心理感受形成对比。故选A。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不知道那个家庭是否会看到这篇文章。A. group团体；B. family家庭；C. company公司；D. class班级。根据上文“She asked me to ____9____ with her, her husband and their little baby.”可知，这位女士和她的丈夫及小孩给了作者帮助，此处指他们一家。故选B。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我永远不会忘记一个随意的、毫不费力的善举所能起到的作用，我希望我能把它传递下去。A. push推动；B. recall回忆；C. pay给予；D. cast投掷。根据上文“I’ll never forget what a random and effortless act of kindness can do”可知，作者心中铭记这位女士一家给予他的善举和积极影响，因此是希望将这份善意传递下去，短语pay forward意为“向前传递”，符合语境。故选C。
【变式1-1】（25-26高三上·河北武强中学·期中节选）
I’ve been motivated (激励) — and demotivated (气馁) — by other folks’ achievements all my life.
When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend 1 a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running 2 , but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was 3 for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles. To be honest, I 4 it! Between the girl making my 5 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only 6 I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
…………
I’ve 14 a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever 15 I set for myself; they just have to be my own.
1．A．knew B．held C．won D．quit
2．A．regularly B．silently C．proudly D．recently
3．A．asking B．looking C．waiting D．training
4．A．made B．believed C．hated D．deserved
5．A．advantage B．achievement C．contribution D．influence
6．A．way B．risk C．place D．reason
14．A．picked up B．grown up C．turned up D．given up
15．A．limits B．dates C．goals D．tests
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．D 14．B 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。它详细叙述了作者在不同阶段对不同运动（跑步和骑自行车）的兴趣和经历，并通过这些经历反映了作者的成长和心理变化。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我十几岁的时候，一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。A. knew知道；B. held抓住；C. won赢得；D. quit退出。根据后文“Feeling motivated”可知，作者有了动力，所以此处应是一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。故选C项。
2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：有了动力，我开始定期跑步，但后来发生了两件事。A. regularly有规律地；B. silently默默地；C. proudly自豪地；D. recently最近。根据前文“Feeling motivated” 可知，作者有了动力，所以应是定期跑步，符合语境。故选A项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，有一天我遇到的一个女孩告诉我，她正在为“超级”马拉松训练，指的是52.4英里的双马拉松。A. asking要求；B. looking看；C. waiting等待；D. training训练。根据后文“referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon”可知，女孩要跑双马拉松，所以此处应是为之训练，符合语境。故选D项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：说实话，我讨厌它! A. made制作；B. believed相信；C. hated讨厌；D. deserved值得。根据前文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles.”以及后文“Between the girl making my ____5____ seem small and the pure boredom of jogging”可知，作者最长跑了15英里和女孩一比微不足道，所以是讨厌这个成绩。故选C项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个女孩面前，我的成就显得微不足道，再加上慢跑的无聊，我决定我再跑步的唯一理由就是有一只大狗在追我！A. advantage优势；B. achievement成就；C. contribution贡献；D. influence影响。根据前文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles.”以及后文“seem small”可知，作者最长跑了15 英里，而女孩在为52.4 英里做训练，所以应是作者的成就微不足道。故选B项。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个女孩面前，我的成就显得微不足道，再加上慢跑的无聊，我决定我再跑步的唯一理由就是有一只大狗在追我! A. way方式；B. risk风险；C. place地方；D. reason理由。根据后文“I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!”可知，有一只大狗在追“我”，“我”才会再跑步，这里说的是跑步的原因。故选D项。
14．考查动词短语辨析。句意：从那以后我成长了很多。A. picked up捡起；B. grown up成长；C. turned up出现；D. given up放弃。根据后文“I’ve come to accept that whatever ____15____ I set for myself; they just have to be my own.”可知，作者不再轻易放弃，所以是成长了很多。故选B项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我已经开始接受这样一个事实：无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的。A. limits限制；B. dates日期；C. goals目标；D. tests测试。根据后文“I set for myself, they just have to be my own.”可知，此处应是“无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的目标”，符合语境。故选C项。
【变式1-2】(25-26高三上·山西太原·期中)
I was looking for a job that could help me make ends meet. It was a 1 summer when I stared at my nearly empty 2 , realizing that I was slipping into financial trouble. An online ad caught my eye, 3 “Our delivery riders can earn $18 — $25 an hour”, so I decided to give it a try.
………..
Standing under the same sun that had once made me fall, I finally understood: the highest pay was never counted in 15 , but in the courage to rise again and the patience to endure.
1．A．carefree B．burning C．secure D．wasted
2．A．account B．expense C．office D．stomach
3．A．reminding B．discussing C．advising D．promising
15．A．titles B．dollars C．prizes D．credits
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 15．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者为维持生计应聘外卖骑手，首日收入可观便轻视努力，后因高温中暑、遭遇一连串不幸。但陌生人的善意让作者领悟：最高报酬从非金钱，而是重启的勇气与忍耐的耐心。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那是一个酷热难耐的夏天，我看着自己几乎清零的账户余额，意识到自己正陷入财务困境之中。A. carefree无忧无虑的；B. burning高温的，燃烧的；C. secure稳固的；D. wasted浪费。后文“On the fifth day, the temperature climbed to 40℃.”提到气温升至 40℃，结合“summer”，此处需形容“炎热的夏天”。故选B。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是一个酷热难耐的夏天，我看着自己几乎清零的账户余额，意识到自己正陷入财务困境之中。A. account账户；B. expense花费；C. office办公室；D. stomach胃。“empty account”指“银行账户空空如也”，呼应前文“make ends meet”（勉强维持生计）和后文“financial trouble”（财务困境）。故选A。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一则网络广告吸引了我的注意，上面写着“我们的送餐员每小时能挣18至25美元”，于是我就决定试试看。A. reminding提醒；B. discussing讨论；C. advising打广告；D. promising承诺。根据后文“Our delivery riders can earn $18 — $25 an hour”可知，招聘广告承诺薪资待遇为每小时能挣18至25美元。故选D。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：站在那片曾让我跌倒的阳光之下，我终于明白：最高的报酬从来不是用金钱来衡量的，而是体现在重新站起来的勇气以及承受苦难的耐心之中。A. titles标题；B. dollars美元；C. prizes奖品；D. credits信用。文章结尾升华主题——最高的报酬不是“金钱”，而是重新站起来的勇气和忍耐的耐心。前文围绕“赚钱”展开，此处“counted in dollars”与“金钱”呼应，故选B。
考向02 根据文章发展脉络选词
【例2-1】(25-26高三上·湖南名校联盟联考·月考节选)
In Victoria, 33-year-old Brianna Hurst risked her own safety to save the lives of three drowning strangers. The event 1 near Apollo Bay on Sunday afternoon.
As the sunny afternoon took a dark turn, Brianna Hurst found herself 2 turned into the role of a hero. Sitting alone on the beach, she heard the panicked 3 of a swimmer who had managed to reach the shore. Without hesitation, Hurst 4 towards the water and dived in, swimming towards the three struggling men.
“I went to the one that was 5 to me,” she recounted. “I had to swim out about 20m to get him.” Not frightened by the 6 , Hurst pulled each unconscious (昏迷的) man to safety one by one. With each rescue, 7 anything, she risked her own safety to bring the trapped swimmers back to shore.
“At first there were not many other people on the beach, but by the time I was 8 the third person out, they saw what was happening and came to help,” Hurst recalled.
1．A．fell B．lay C．unfolded D．located
2．A．unaffectedly B．unexpectedly C．unconditionally D．undoubtedly
3．A．laughter B．whisper C．cheers D．cries
4．A．turned B．came C．pointed D．rushed
5．A．slowest B．biggest C．closest D．youngest
6．A．events B．waves C．strangers D．challenges
7．A．setting aside B．thinking over C．turning to D．giving up
8．A．letting B．pulling C．bringing D．making
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 5．C 6．D 7．A 8．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了33岁的布里安娜·赫斯特在阿波罗湾冒着生命危险救起三名溺水者，最终两人获救，一人不幸身亡，她的英勇行为受到警方表彰。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这起事件于周日下午在阿波罗湾附近发生。A. fell掉落；B. lay放置；C. unfolded展开，（事件）逐步发展；D. located找到……的准确位置，位于。根据空后“near Apollo Bay on Sunday afternoon”可知，此处指事件发生于阿波罗湾附近。注意locate表“位于”时需用被动，因此排除。故选C。
2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着晴朗的下午突然变天，布里安娜 赫斯特发现自己意外地变成了英雄的角色。A. unaffectedly真挚地；B. unexpectedly意外地；C. unconditionally无条件地；D. undoubtedly无疑地。根据空后“turned into the role of a hero”再结合全文可知，救人属于意外，所以是发现自己意外地变成了一个英雄的角色。故选B。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她独自坐在海滩上，听到了一名成功上岸的游泳者惊慌的呼喊声。A. laughter笑声；B. whisper低语；C. cheers欢呼；D. cries叫喊。根据空后“of a swimmer who had managed to reach the shore”及下文“the three struggling men”可知，有人落水，游泳者游到岸边，惊慌失措的叫喊声被她听到了。故选D。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：赫斯特毫不犹豫地冲向水边，潜入水中，朝着那三个挣扎的男子游去。A. turned转向；B. came来到；C. pointed指向；D. rushed冲去。根据后文“towards the water and dived in, swimming towards the three struggling men”可知，有人落水，要救人，赫斯特毫不犹豫地冲到水里，向那三个挣扎的人游去。故选D。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我先去了离我最近的那个人身边，” 她回忆道。A. slowest最慢的；B. biggest最大的；C. closest最近的；D. youngest最年轻的。根据下文“I had to swim out about 20m to get him.”及常识可知，救人先救离自己最近的那一个，故选C。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：赫斯特没有被挑战吓到，逐一将每个昏迷的男子拉到了安全地带。A. events事件；B. waves海浪；C. strangers陌生人；D. challenges挑战。根据空后“Hurst pulled each unconscious man to safety one by one.”可知，她面临挑战，冷静救人，没有被当时的情况所吓倒。故选D。
7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：每次救援时，她都不顾一切，冒着自身的安全风险将受困游泳者带回岸边。A. setting aside搁置，置……于不顾；B. thinking over仔细考虑；C. turning to求助于；D. giving up放弃。根据空后“she risked her own safety to bring the trapped swimmers back to shore.”可知，她不顾一切，冒着生命危险把被困的游泳者带回岸边。故选A。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“起初海滩上没有太多人，但当我把第三个人拉出来时，他们看到了正在发生的事情，便赶来帮忙，”赫斯特回忆道。A. letting让；B. pulling拉；C. bringing带来；D. making制造。根据上文“bring the trapped swimmers back to shore”及空后“the third person out”可知，此处是指把第三个人从水里拉出来。故选B。
【例2-2】(25-26高三上·河北衡水冀州区河北冀州中学·期中节选)
The magic of baseball is its fluid (流畅的) connection between players. Each player should be in the right position at the right time, playing their 1 to perfection.
That’s what was happening — practice — one afternoon when the Valley High School team was distracted by a scream for help. Coach Brett Sawyer heard the 2 and saw the entire team rushing toward the parking lot, 3 fences.
One of their schoolmates was pinned under a car that had 4 backed over her. One of the players, Chas Roberts, remembered afterward, “You had to do what you had to do to 5 someone’s life.” The players quickly 6 the car, each taking a hold, and lifted the car. An assistant coach was then able to 7 the girl out from underneath the car. She is expected to make a full 8 .
………..
1．A．work B．music C．chance D．part
2．A．song B．signal C．noise D．news
3．A．jumping over B．taking away C．climbing up D．pulling down
4．A．eventually B．accidentally C．accordingly D．unwillingly
5．A．save B．respect C．live D．ease
6．A．lifted B．surrounded C．entered D．escaped
7．A．figure B．call C．pull D．pick
8．A．schedule B．translation C．statement D．recovery
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了棒球队在训练时听到求救声，队员们合力救出被车压的同学，虽输掉比赛但更看重救人一事。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个球员都应在正确的时间处于正确的位置，完美地发挥自己的作用。A. work工作；B. music音乐；C. chance机会；D. part角色，作用。根据前文“The magic of baseball is its fluid (流畅的) connection between players. Each player should be in the right position at the right time”可知，此处指球员在团队中发挥自身作用，play one’s part是固定搭配，意为“扮演自己的角色”。故选D。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：布雷特 索耶教练听到了声音，看到整个球队冲向停车场，翻越围栏。A. song歌曲；B. signal信号；C. noise声音，声响；D. news新闻。根据前文“one afternoon when the Valley High School team was distracted by a scream for help.”可知，教练听到的是求救的声音。故选C。
3．考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. jumping over翻越；B. taking away拿走；C. climbing up爬上；D. pulling down推倒。结合“rushing toward the parking lot”的紧急场景，为快速赶往事故现场，队员应是“跳过”围栏，动作迅速合理。故选A。
4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们的一位同学被一辆不小心倒车时撞到的车压住了。A. eventually最终；B. accidentally意外地；C. accordingly相应地；D. unwillingly不情愿地。根据后文“One of their schoolmates was pinned under a car”以及常识可知，倒车压到人属于意外情况。故选B。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：球员查斯 罗伯茨事后回忆道：“为了拯救别人的生命，你必须做你该做的事。”A. save拯救；B. respect尊重；C. live生活，居住；D. ease减轻，缓解。根据前文“one of their schoolmates was pinned under a car”可知，同学被压在车下，所以要拯救生命，“save someone’s life是固定搭配，意为“挽救某人生命”，契合救人情境。故选A。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：球员们迅速围住汽车，每人抓住一部分，然后抬起汽车。A. lifted抬起；B. surrounded包围；C. entered进入；D. escaped逃跑。根据后文“each taking a hold, and lifted the car”可知，先“围住”汽车才能合力抬起，动作存在先后逻辑。故选B。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后一名助理教练能够把女孩从车下拉出来。A. figure认为；B. call打电话；C. pull拉；D. pick挑选。根据前文“The players quickly ___6___ the car, each taking a hold, and lifted the car.”可知，女孩被压在车下，抬起车后需将其“拉”出来，“pull...out from...(把……从……拉出来)”符合语境。故选C。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：预计她会完全康复。A. schedule日程安排；B. translation翻译；C. statement声明；D. recovery恢复。根据前文“An assistant coach was then able to ___7___ the girl out from underneath the car.”女孩被压在车下后被救出，结合常理可知，预计她会完全恢复，make a full recovery是固定表达，意为“完全康复”，用于描述伤者恢复健康。故选D。
【变式2-1】(25-26高三上·湖南长沙雅礼中学·月考)
In a remote village divided by a wide river, the elderly carpenter Elias watched with worry as the only bridge slowly rotted. The villagers on both sides, once a united community, had grown 1 and indifferent. Elias, though skilled, felt the problem was too big for one man. It seemed 2 .
Instead of appealing to the 3 , who were busy with their farms and arguments, he started a small project. He began 4 beautiful wooden toys— small boats, horses, and birds, in his yard. He then 5 these toys to the children, amusing them with stories of how kids from both sides used to play together on the bridge.
Fascinated, the children began to meet by the river. They started playing, first 6 , then with growing joy. This simple act changed the 7 . Seeing their children form friendships, the parents’ hearts began to 8 . They started talking to each other again.
1．A．familiar B．accustomed C．associated D．distant
2．A．uncomfortable B．simple C．strange D．unbeatable
3．A．colleagues B．adults C．enemies D．companies
4．A．purchasing B．collecting C．carving D．painting
5．A．sold B．gifted C．lifted D．saved
6．A．hesitantly B．bravely C．eagerly D．angrily
7．A．atmosphere B．occasion C．function D．environment
8．A．soften B．break C．beat D．tighten
【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．B 6．A 7．A 8．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了老木匠Elias通过制作木制玩具让孩子相聚，进而促使村民重聚，共同修建桥梁，重建社区联系的故事。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：河两岸的村民，曾经是一个团结的社区，现在变得疏远且冷漠。A. familiar熟悉的；B. accustomed习惯的；C. associated关联的；D. distant疏远的。根据前文“once a united community”和后文“indifferent”可知，此处需填入一个与united形成反义、且与indifferent情感色彩一致的词，此空用distant指村民变得疏远。故选D。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这似乎是无法克服的。A. uncomfortable不舒服的；B. simple简单的；C. strange奇怪的；D. unbeatable无法克服的。根据前文“Elias, though skilled, felt the problem was too big for one man.”可知，此句It指代这个一人无法解决的大问题，此空需填入表示“无法克服的”或“难以战胜的”词，此空用unbeatable指问题似乎无法克服。故选D。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他没有呼吁忙于农活和争吵的成年人，而是开始了一个小项目。A. colleagues同事；B. adults成年人；C. enemies敌人；D. companies公司。根据后文“who were busy with their farms and arguments”和后文“to the children”可知，这群人忙于农活和争吵，符合成年人的特征，且后文中Elias转而求助的对象是children，形成“不找成年人，而找孩子”的对比，此空用adults指成年人。故选B。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他开始在院子里雕刻漂亮的木制玩具——小船、马和鸟。A. purchasing购买；B. collecting收集；C. carving雕刻；D. painting绘画。根据后文“beautiful wooden toys”可知，制作木制玩具最可能的方式就是雕刻，此空用carving指雕刻。故选C。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他把这些玩具送给孩子们，给他们讲两岸的孩子过去如何在桥上一起玩耍的故事，逗他们开心。A. sold卖；B. gifted赠送；C. lifted举起；D. saved拯救。根据后文“these toys to the children”和“amusing them with stories”可知，讲故事逗乐他们是一种善意的、旨在建立联系的赠送行为，此空用gifted指赠送玩具。故选B。
6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们开始玩耍，起初犹豫，然后越来越开心。A. hesitantly犹豫地；B. bravely勇敢地；C. eagerly急切地；D. angrily生气地。根据后文“then with growing joy”可知，玩耍的情绪是一个从低到高的过程，因此最初的状态应是略带迟疑或拘谨的犹豫，此空用hesitantly指犹豫地。故选A。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个简单的举动改变了氛围。A. atmosphere氛围；B. occasion场合；C. function功能；D. environment环境。根据后文“Seeing their children form friendships”可知，孩子们一起玩耍并建立友谊，这一行为改变的是整个社区的“氛围”或“气氛”，这是一种抽象的社会环境，为后文大人们态度的转变做铺垫，此空用atmosphere指氛围发生了改变。故选A。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到孩子们建立了友谊，父母们的心开始软化。A. soften软化；B. break打破；C. beat跳动；D. tighten收紧。根据前文“their children form friendships”和后文“They started talking to each other again.”可知，看到孩子们成为朋友这一温情脉脉的场景会使得父母们原本因隔阂而坚硬的心软化，hearts began to soften是情感转变的常见表达，此空用soften指父母的心开始软化。故选A。
【变式2-2】(25-26高三上·河北黄骅中学·期中节选)
Years ago, I disliked exercise. My gym visits were nothing but short treadmill (跑步机) walks and 1 attempts at weights, thus I even persuaded members to 2 classes for happy hours. Exercise wasn’t fun — until a personal crisis 3 me to seek relief through fitness.
Then came the turning point. I joined Adria’s training studio. As both owner and coach, she was good at motivating me. Before long, I was seeing 4 both in body and mind. Not only did I come across a great trainer, but I also gained a friend. However, exhausted from running her studio alone, Adria joked, “I wish you’d get certified — you’re the only one I’d trust with the keys.” I laughed it off, knowing that was impossible. Me A trainer — but her words 5 me. After weeks of hesitation, I 6 the ACE certification course.
Studying proved 7 because memorizing muscle groups and safety regulations was challenging for me. Luckily my son kept me 8 , just like I’d once lifted his spirits in study for medical school. Test day came and my every move was 9 carefully during the whole exam. Finally the “PASS” result brought me relief and 10
1．A．active B．positive C．random D．brave
2．A．attend B．skip C．offer D．forget
3．A．forced B．ordered C．allowed D．invited
4．A．limits B．signals C．problems D．changes
5．A．struck B．puzzled C．hurt D．failed
6．A．put up with B．signed up for C．dropped out of D．kept away from
7．A．interesting B．surprising C．demanding D．refreshing
8．A．inspired B．discouraged C．disappointed D．satisfied
9．A．questioned B．directed C．corrected D．watched
10．A．model B．test C．pride D．need
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．D 10．C
【来源】河北黄骅中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从讨厌锻炼到通过健身获得身心改变，并最终考取健身教练资格证的故事。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我去健身房只是在跑步机上短时间走一走，以及随意地尝试举重，因此我甚至说服其他会员为了欢乐时光而翘课。A. active积极的；B. positive积极的，正面的；C. random随意的；D. brave勇敢的。根据上文“I disliked exercise”可知，作者不喜欢锻炼，所以去健身房的活动都是随意的。故选C。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. attend参加；B. skip跳过，略过，翘课；C. offer提供；D. forget忘记。由“for happy hours 可知，作者为了欢乐时光而说服会员不去上课，skip classes 表示“翘课”。故选B。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：锻炼一直都没有乐趣 —— 直到一场个人危机迫使我通过健身来寻求解脱。A. forced强迫，迫使；B. ordered命令；C. allowed允许；D. invited邀请。根据“a personal crisis”以及“to seek relief through fitness”可知，是个人危机迫使作者通过健身来寻求解脱，force sb. to do sth.表示“迫使某人做某事”。故选A。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不久之后，我在身心方面都看到了变化。A. limits限制；B. signals信号；C. problems问题；D. changes变化。由上文“Exercise wasn’t fun — until a personal crisis forced me to seek relief through fitness.”以及“Before long”可知，作者开始健身后不久，身心都发生了变化。故选D。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她的话打动了我。A. struck打击，打动；B. puzzled使困惑；C. hurt伤害；D. failed失败。根据下文“After weeks of hesitation, I 6 the ACE certification course.”可知，作者虽然一开始觉得不可能，但后来还是犹豫着去参加了ACE认证课程，说明Adria的话打动了作者。故选A。
6．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：经过数周的犹豫，我报名参加了ACE认证课程。A. put up with忍受；B. signed up for报名参加；C. dropped out of退出；D. kept away from远离。由“After weeks of hesitation”以及“the ACE certification course”可知，作者犹豫之后报名参加了ACE认证课程。故选B。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实证明学习很费力，因为记住肌肉群和安全规则对我来说很有挑战性。A. interesting有趣的；B. surprising令人惊讶的；C. demanding要求高的，费力的；D. refreshing令人耳目一新的。根据“because memorizing muscle groups and safety regulations was challenging for me”可知，记住肌肉群和安全规则对作者来说很有挑战性，所以学习是费力的。故选C。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我的儿子让我受到鼓舞，就像我曾经在他考医学院时鼓舞他的士气一样。A. inspired受鼓舞的；B. discouraged气馁的；C. disappointed失望的；D. satisfied满意的。由“just like I’d once lifted his spirits in study for medical school”可知，作者的儿子像作者曾经鼓舞他一样，让作者受到鼓舞。故选A。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：考试那天，在整个考试过程中我的一举一动都被仔细观察着。A. questioned询问；B. directed指导；C. corrected纠正；D. watched观察。根据“Test day came”以及“during the whole exam”可知，考试时作者的一举一动都会被仔细观察。故选D。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终“通过”的结果让我如释重负并感到自豪。A. model模型，榜样；B. test测试；C. pride自豪；D. need需要。由“the “PASS” result brought me relief”可知，通过考试的结果让作者如释重负，同时也会感到自豪。故选C。
考向03 根据熟词生义选词
【例3-1】(25-26高三上·山东潍坊·期中节选)
……….
I thoroughly 3 all the unexpected spotlight: dear friends came to visit; all my kids showed up; nurses were particularly attentive and my phone was flooded with messages of love and 4 . Between treatments, I socialized with other patients and got interviewed by a delightful student nurse doing a paper. What 5 ! My story would be included in her 6 !
……..
3．A．guaranteed B．declined C．deserved D．enjoyed
4．A．concern B．integrity C．generosity D．confidence
5．A．work B．nonsense C．fun D．noise
6．A．studies B．artworks C．meetings D．schedules
【答案】3．D 4．A 5．C 6．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了长期担忧健康的作者因需抗生素治疗住院，意外收获亲友关爱与特殊经历，虽牵挂琐事和后续行程，却领悟到自己被爱包围的真谛，感恩这份温暖。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我非常享受这一切突如其来的关注：亲爱的朋友纷纷前来探望；我的所有孩子也都来了；护士们格外细心周到；我的手机上更是收到了满是爱意和关怀的留言。A. guaranteed保证；B. declined下降；C. deserved值得；D. enjoyed欣赏。后文“all the unexpected spotlight: dear friends came to visit; all my kids showed up; nurses were particularly attentive”主要描述的是好事，作者享受得到的关注。故选D。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我非常享受这一切突如其来的关注：亲爱的朋友纷纷前来探望；我的所有孩子也都来了；护士们格外细心周到；我的手机上更是收到了满是爱意和关怀的留言。A. concern关心，担心；B. integrity正直；C. generosity慷慨；D. confidence自信。根据上文“nurses were particularly attentive and my phone was flooded with messages of love and”可知，人们关心作者，手机上更是收到了满是爱意和关怀的留言。故选A。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：太有趣了！A. work工作；B. nonsense胡说；C. fun乐趣；D. noise噪音。根据上文“dear friends came to visit; all my kids showed up; nurses were particularly attentive and my phone was flooded with messages of love”以及“Between treatments, I socialized with other patients and got interviewed by a delightful student nurse doing a paper.(在治疗间隙，我与其他患者进行了交流，并接受了一位正在撰写论文的亲切实习护士的采访)”可知，作者因为生病得到了关注，故事还要被采访，认为很有趣。故选C。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的故事将会被纳入她的研究之中！A. studies研究；B. artworks艺术品；C. meetings会议；D. schedules日程安排。根据上文“Between treatments, I socialized with other patients and got interviewed by a delightful student nurse doing a paper.(在治疗间隙，我与其他患者进行了交流，并接受了一位正在撰写论文的亲切实习护士的采访)”可知，此处指作者的故事纳入护士的研究中。故选A。
【例3-2】（2024年新课标全国Ⅱ卷英语真题节选）
………
During my first visit to Italy, I ___42____ to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to 43 a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and ___44____ my language skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language ____45___. After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how ___46___ Italians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to ____47___ me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. It's these small ___48____ of kindness that make a new country feel like home.
42.A．planned B．struggled C．refused D．happened
43.A．string B．hang C．mix D．match
44.A．improved B．assessed C．admired D．praised
45.A．course B．barrier C．area D．test
46.A．open-minded B．strong-willed C．warm-hearted D．well-informed
47.A．remind B．allow C．persuade D．order
48.A．tricks B．promises C．acts D．duties
【答案】42．B 43．A 44．D 45．B 46．C 47．A 48．C
42. 考查动词词义辨析，句意：在我第一次访问意大利时，我很难问路或在餐馆点餐。A. planned计划；B. struggled斗争、吃力地进行；C. refused拒绝；D. happened出现、发生。根据上文“During my first visit to Italy”可推知，此处指作者第一次到意大利，语言不通，很难沟通交流。故选B。
43. 考查动词词义辨析，句意：我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起，当地人对我微笑，称赞我的语言技能。A. string串起、连成一串；B. hang悬挂；C. mix混合；D. match配对。根据下文“a sentence of Italian together”可推知，此处指作者努力想用意大利语串成一句话。故选A。
44．考查动词词义辨析，句意：我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起，当地人对我微笑，称赞我的语言技能。A. improved改进；B. assessed评估；C. admired钦佩；D. praised赞扬。根据上文“the locals smiled at me”以及下文“That encouragement”可推知，此处指作者尝试说意大利语，当地人赞扬作者的语言能力。故选D。
45. 考查名词词义辨析，句意：这种鼓励帮助我克服了语言障碍。A.course课程；B. barrier障碍；C. area区域；D. test测试。根据上文“the locals smiled at me and praised my language skills. That encouragement helped me”可推知，此处指当地人对作者的鼓励帮助他克服了语言障碍。故选B。
46. 考查形容词词义辨析，句意：当我把意大利作为永久的家后，我发现了意大利人是多么的热情。A. open-minded思想开明的；B. strong-willed思想坚定的；C. warm-hearted热心的；D. well-informed见多识广的。根据下文邻居的热心行为“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door”和“close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知，此处指邻居是热情的。故选C。
47. 考查动词词义辨析，句意：邻居们会给我带来新鲜的奶酪，还会在下雨的时候来我家门前提醒我关上车窗。A. remind提醒；B. allow允许；C. persuade说服；D. order命令。根据上文“I discovered how warm-hearted Italians are”以及下文“will come to my door”可推知，此处指热心的邻居在下雨的时候来作者家门前提醒他关上车窗。故选A。
48. 考查名词词义辨析，句意：正是这些小小的善举让一个新国家有家的感觉。A. tricks技巧；B. promises承诺；C. acts行为；D. duties职责。根据上文“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to remind me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知，此处指邻居们的善举。故选C。
【变式3-1】（2026·浙江省“9+ 1”联盟·一模节选）
When my friend Leo was diagnosed with a rare heart disease, his family faced crushing medical expenses. Seeing his once-vibrant spirit 1 ,I was determined to act.
………
1．A．reduced B．faded C．rose D．bloomed
【答案】1．B
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：看着他曾经充满活力的精神逐渐消退，我决心采取行动。A. reduced减少；B. faded消退、黯淡；C. rose升起；D. bloomed绽放。根据前文“Leo was diagnosed with a rare heart disease”和“crushing medical expenses”可知，疾病和经济压力让他的精神状态“消退”，与“once-vibrant”形成对比。故选B项。
【变式3-2】（2026·浙江省“9+ 1”联盟·一模节选）
………
The next week, colorful posters filled the hallways and students 5 enthusiastically; some even took the initiative to design 6 T-shirts for the event. Local businesses stepped up with donations, one generously offering $20,000. On the day of the race, over 300 runners gathered at the park. As the starting whistle blew, I felt a surge of 7 — we were making a real difference!
………
5．A．signed up B．cheered up C．set out D．called out
6．A．spare B．brand C．torn D．custom
7．A．doubt B．pride C．regret D．trust
【答案】5．A 6．D 7．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者的朋友利奥患罕见心脏病后面临巨额医疗费，作者发起“微笑里程”慈善跑筹集资金，不仅帮利奥渡过难关，更给予他抗争的勇气，最终利奥康复并共同主导活动传递希望的故事。
5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：第二周，五颜六色的海报贴满了走廊，学生们热情地报名参加；有些人甚至主动为活动设计定制T恤。A. signed up报名；B. cheered up使振奋；C. set out出发；D. called out呼喊。根据前文“I launched a charity run called “Miles for Smiles.””和后文“On the day of the race, over 300 runners gathered at the park.”可知，学生们在“报名”参加活动。故选A项。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第二周，五颜六色的海报贴满了走廊，学生们热情地报名参加；有些人甚至主动为活动设计定制T恤。A. spare多余的；B. brand品牌的；C. torn破旧的；D. custom定制的。根据前文“some even took the initiative to design”和后文“for the event”可知，学生们设计的是专属于该活动的“定制”T恤，符合活动宣传的场景。故选D项。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：发令哨声一响，我心中涌起一股自豪感——我们正在产生真正的影响！A. doubt怀疑；B. pride自豪；C. regret后悔；D. trust信任。根据后文“we were making a real difference”和“On the day of the race, over 300 runners gathered at the park.”可知，有超过300人参与该活动，由此可推断，作者为活动的成功筹备感到“自豪”。故选B项。
专题01 高考真题练
A
（2025年全国高考一卷英语真题）
My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy 1 the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up. We had decided on key items for the 2 we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented a place to 3 our supposedly important objects. That left a house still 4 with things that, while not particularly 5 , didn’t belong in a landfill (垃圾填埋场).
I took a picture of the vase and posted it online, for $10. A couple of messages came in, one wanting additional 6 , another asking for a price cut. As our 7 day drew near, I settled on a new price ($0) and reposted it. The 8 : “I hate this vase. Maybe you won’t.” In an instant, a woman raced into my house and left happily with the vase.
9 , I posted more. My daily posts and the 10 I received became a precious ray of light in the chaos of my house. Each exchange provided a chance to 11 the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have 12 .
I sit in my apartment today, loving each of the 13 that share our small space. I take 14 in knowing that, somewhere nearby, someone is 15 something that couldn’t come with us.
1．A．painting over B．looking around C．emptying out D．pulling down
2．A．hotel B．office C．cottage D．apartment
3．A．store B．display C．sell D．repair
4．A．covered B．decorated C．stuffed D．equipped
5．A．conventional B．valuable C．complicated D．tolerable
6．A．fees B．photos C．receipts D．models
7．A．move B．pay C．market D．work
8．A．warning B．request C．description D．reply
9．A．Confused B．Interested C．Disappointed D．Encouraged
10．A．visits B．reports C．advice D．money
11．A．remove B．spare C．find D．check
12．A．investigated B．recognized C．encountered D．recommended
13．A．giveaways B．posts C．contributions D．belongings
14．A．joy B．part C．care D．time
15．A．anticipating B．appreciating C．delivering D．withdrawing
【答案】
1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．A 11．B 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在搬家过程中通过免费赠送旧物获得快乐的故事。
1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我和丈夫刚刚卖掉了我们的房子，我们正忙着清空我们一家人花了23年时间建造的心爱的房子。A. painting over 粉刷覆盖；B. looking around 环顾四周；C. emptying out 清空；D. pulling down 拆除。根据上文“ My husband and I had just sold our house”和下文“the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up”可推知，此处指作者卖掉了房子，忙着清空房子里的多年来堆积的东西。故选C。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们已经为即将搬到城里的公寓选定了关键物品，尽可能捐赠了能捐的东西，并租了一个地方来存放我们自认为重要的物品。A. hotel 酒店；B. office 办公室；C. cottage 小屋；D. apartment 公寓。根据文章最后一段“I sit in my apartment today”可推知，此处指作者一家人搬到了公寓。故选D。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们已经为即将搬到城里的公寓选定了关键物品，尽可能捐赠了能捐的东西，并租了一个地方来存放我们自认为重要的物品。A. store 储存；B. display 展示；C. sell 出售；D. repair 修理。根据上文“rented a place”以及下文“our supposedly important objects”可推知，此处指租地方是为了存放重要物品。故选A。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使得房子里仍然堆满了那些虽然不是特别值钱，但不应该放在垃圾填埋场的东西。A. covered 覆盖的；B. decorated 装饰的；C. stuffed 塞满的；D. equipped 配备的。根据上文“rented a place to 3 our supposedly important objects”以及下文“with things”可推知，此处指房子里仍塞满物品。故选C。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使得房子里仍然堆满了那些虽然不是特别值钱，但不应该放在垃圾填埋场的东西。A. conventional 传统的；B. valuable 有价值的；C. complicated 复杂的；D. tolerable 可容忍的。根据上文“while not particularly”以及下文“didn’t belong in a landfill”可推知，此处指虽不贵重但不应丢弃的物品。故选B。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有几条信息进来了，一条想要更多的照片，另一条请求降价。A. fees 费用；B. photos 照片；C. receipts 收据；D. models 模型。根据上文“I took a picture of the vase”及“additional”可推知，此处指有人索要更多照片。故选B。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着搬家日的临近，我确定了一个新的价格（0美元）并重新发布了它。A. move 搬家；B. pay 支付；C. market 市场；D. work 工作。根据前文搬家背景及下文“day drew near”可推知，此处指搬家日临近。故选A。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：描述：“我讨厌这个花瓶。也许你不会。”A. warning 警告；B. request 请求；C. description 描述；D. reply 回复。根据上文“I took a picture of the vase and posted it online”以及下文“I hate this vase. Maybe you won’t.”可推知，此处指是重新发布的对花瓶的描述。故选C。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：受到鼓励，我发布了更多。A. Confused 困惑的；B. Interested 感兴趣的；C. Disappointed 失望的；D. Encouraged 受鼓励的。根据上文“In an instant, a woman raced into my house and left happily with the vase.”以及作者后文持续发帖的行为，可推知，此处指作者受到鼓舞。故选D。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我每天收到的帖子和来我家里的拜访，在我混乱的房子里变成了一束珍贵的光芒。A. visits 拜访；B. reports 报告；C. advice 建议；D. money 钱。根据上文“In an instant, a woman raced into my house”以及“My daily posts”和后文的互动，可推知，此处指去作者家里拜访。故选A。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一次交换都提供了一个避免垃圾填埋的机会，也让我得以取悦另一个原本可能不会遇到的人。A. remove 移除；B. spare 省得；免去；C. find 发现；D. check 检查。根据上文语境以及下文“the landfill”可推知，此处指作者用免费赠送旧物来代替丢掉旧物垃圾填埋，此处spare引申为“免去”表示免得去垃圾填埋场丢东西。故选B。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一次交换都提供了一个避免垃圾填埋的机会，也让我得以取悦另一个原本可能不会遇到的人。A. investigated 调查；B. recognized 认出；C. encountered 遇见；D. recommended 推荐。根据上文“another person I might not otherwise”可推知，此处指免费赠送旧物让原本不会遇见的人感到高兴。故选C。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天我坐在我的公寓里，爱着我们小空间里的每一件所有物。A. giveaways 赠品；B. posts 帖子；C. contributions 贡献；D. belongings 所有物。结合语境，再根据上文“I sit in my apartment today”以及下文“share our small space”可推知，此处指现在拥有的物品。故选D。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道就在附近的某个地方，有人正在欣赏着这件无法随我们一起走的东西，我感到很快乐。A. joy 快乐；B. part 部分；C. care 关心；D. time 时间。结合语境，再根据上文“loving each of the 13 that share our small space.”以及下文“in knowing that, somewhere nearby”可推知，此处指作者免费赠送旧物，也从中获得了快乐。故选A。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：知道就在附近的某个地方，有人正在欣赏着这件无法随我们一起走的东西，我感到很快乐。A. anticipating 期待；B. appreciating 欣赏；C. delivering 递送；D. withdrawing 撤回。根据上文“I take 13 in knowing that, somewhere nearby”以及下文“something that couldn’t come with us”可推知，此处指他人在欣赏这些作者带不走的，赠予的物品。故选B。
B
（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·高考）
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have 1 the course earlier than she did. Her 2 came because she was carrying a 3 across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 4 when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She 5 to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 6 . She couldn’t. Bailey then 7 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 8 attention.
Once there, Lenoue was 9 and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme 10 to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
As for Bailey, she is more 11 about why her act is considered a big 12 . “She was just crying. I couldn’t 13 her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the 14 , they’ve since become friends. Neither won the race, but the 15 of human kindness won the day.
1．A．designed B．followed C．changed D．finished
2．A．delay B．chance C．trouble D．excuse
3．A．judge B．volunteer C．classmate D．competitor
4．A．race B．school C．town D．training
5．A．agreed B．returned C．stopped D．promised
6．A．courage B．aid C．patience D．advice
7．A．went away B．stood up C．stepped aside D．bent down
8．A．medical B．public C．constant D．equal
9．A．interrupted B．assessed C．identified D．appreciated
10．A．hunger B．pain C．cold D．tiredness
11．A．worried B．ashamed C．confused D．discouraged
12．A．game B．problem C．lesson D．deal
13．A．leave B．cure C．bother D．understand
14．A．ride B．test C．meet D．show
15．A．secret B．display C．benefit D．exchange
【答案】
1．D 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．B 10．B 11．C 12．D 13．A 14．C 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在明尼苏达州举行的一次越野赛中，Melanie Bailey背着另一个参赛者Danielle Lenoue过终点线并接受医疗检查的善行义举。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛。A. designed设计；B. followed跟随；C. changed改变；D. finished完成。根据下一段的“carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____8____ attention”可知，Bailey在比赛中背一名参赛者，所以完成比赛晚了，因此句子表示“Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛”。故选D。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。A. delay延误；B. chance机会；C. trouble麻烦；D. excuse借口。根据上文“Melanie Bailey should have ____1____ the course earlier than she did”和上一题的解析可知，Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛，她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。故选A。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。A. judge裁判；B. volunteer志愿者；C. classmate同学；D. competitor参赛者。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，她是背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。故选D。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：据当地一家报纸报道，当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候，她前面的一名选手开始痛苦地哭泣。A. race比赛；B. school学校；C. town城镇；D. training训练。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，此处是说“当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候”。故选A。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。A. agreed同意；B. returned回来；C. stopped停止；D. promised答应。根据下文“to help her fellow runner”可知，她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。故选C。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Bailey扶着她的胳膊，看看她能否帮助下向前走。A. courage勇气；B. aid帮助；C. patience耐心；D. advice建议。根据上文“Bailey took her arm”可知，此处表示看她是否能在她的帮助下向前走。故选B。
7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A. went away离开； B. stood up站起来；C. stepped aside让路；D. bent down弯腰。根据下文“let Lenoue climb onto her back”可知，Bailey弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上。故选D。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A. medical医疗的；B. public公众的；C. constant持续不断的；D. equal平等的。根据上文“began crying in pain”可知，Danielle Lenoue很疼，所以是要接受治疗，medical attention意为“医疗救助”。故选A。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lenoue在那里接受了检查，后来被送往医院，在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受了重伤。A. interrupted打断；B. assessed评估；C. identified识别；D. appreciated感激。根据下文“later taken to a hospital”可知，她是先接受了检查，再被送往医院，也就是先接受评估。故选B。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站。A. hunger饥饿；B. pain疼痛；C. cold感冒；D. tiredness疲劳。根据第5空前的“began crying in pain”可知，此处表示“如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站”。故选B。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A. worried担心的；B. ashamed惭愧的；C. confused困惑的；D. discouraged泄气的。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑。故选C。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A. game游戏；B. problem问题；C. lesson课；D. deal交易，局面。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑，a big deal意为“非常重要的事”。故选D。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不能离开她。A. leave离开；B. cure治愈；C. bother打扰；D. understand理解。根据上文“She was just crying”以及Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺。可知，Bailey看见Lenoue哭喊，所以觉得不能离开她。故选A。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人，但后来她们成了朋友。A. ride短途旅程；B. test测试；C. meet体育比赛；D. show展示。根据第一段“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”及空前的“the two young women were strangers before”可知，当时是一场比赛，句子表示“这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人”。故选C。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：两人都没有赢得比赛，但展示出的人类善良赢得了胜利。A. secret秘密；B. display展示；C. benefit利益；D. exchange交换。根据第二段的“let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____8____ attention”可知，Bailey背着一个参赛者过终点，并背她去接受检查，这展示了人类的善良。故选B。
C
（2023·新课标全国Ⅱ卷·高考）
In April last year, I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka. They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight 1 . They could not afford to pay for 2 for their dog, Tiffy, and 3 wanted to take her with them.
It just 4 that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who 5 to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to 6 Tiffy.
When I met Tiffy’s owners, they seemed very 7 . George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was 8 for him, having to leave his dog to a 9 and trust that everything would 10 .
After some goodbyes, I asked George and his wife to help me 11 Tiffy into the plane. I promised to take care of Tiffy and 12 them as soon as we got to Kansas City.
The flight was 13 , and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day, she 14 with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days. He was so 15 and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures. It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again.
1．A．turn B．budget C．schedule D．connection
2．A．food B．shelter C．medicine D．transportation
3．A．desperately B．temporarily C．secretly D．originally
4．A．appeared B．proved C．happened D．showed
5．A．waited B．offered C．hurried D．failed
6．A．see off B．look for C．hand over D．pick up
7．A．confused B．nervous C．annoyed D．curious
8．A．hard B．fine C．common D．lucky
9．A．coworker B．passenger C．stranger D．neighbor
10．A．speed up B．work out C．come back D．take off
11．A．feed B．follow C．change D．load
12．A．call B．join C．leave D．serve
13．A．unnecessary B．unexpected C．unavoidable D．uneventful
14．A．returned B．fought C．flew D．agreed
15．A．thankful B．generous C．proud D．sympathetic
【答案】
1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．D 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．B 11．D 12．A 13．D 14．C 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过Pilots N Paws网站帮助一家搬家的人将他们的狗接到另一个城市的过程。作者和另一位飞行员一起完成了这次任务，最终成功将这只狗带回到了它的主人身边。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们不得不搬到弗吉尼亚，但他们的预算非常紧张。A. turn转折点；B. budget预算；C. schedule时间表；D. connection联系。根据“They could not afford to pay for ___2___ for their dog, Tiffy,”可知，这个家庭的预算非常紧张。故选B。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们付不起他们的狗Tiffy的交通费，又非常想带她一起走。A. food食物；B. shelter庇护；C. medicine药；D. transportation交通。根据“They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight ___1___ .”及下文可知，这个家庭的预算非常紧张，所以付不起他们的狗Tiffy的交通费。故选D。
3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们付不起他们的狗Tiffy的交通费，又非常想带她一起走。 A. desperately非常、拼命地；B. temporarily暂时地；C. secretly秘密地；D. originally起初。根据“wanted to take her with them.”可知，这家人非常想把狗一起带走。故选A。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：碰巧我和另一名飞行员Karen正在计划另一次PNP飞行，他主动提出要把Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。A. appeared出现；B. proved证明；C. happened碰巧；D. showed展示。根据“I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen,”可知，碰巧的是作者和另一名飞行员正在计划另一次PNP飞行。故选C。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：碰巧我和另一名飞行员Karen正在计划另一次PNP飞行，他主动提出要把Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。A. waited等待；B. offered提供、主动提出；C. hurried匆忙；D. failed失败。根据“to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.”可知，Karen主动提出帮忙把狗Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。故选B。
6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我要做的就是飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy。A. see off为……送行；B. look for寻找；C. hand over移交；D. pick up接载。根据“What I was to do was fly to Topeka”和常识可知，作者需要飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy。故选D。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我见到Tiffy的主人时，他们看起来很紧张。A. confused困惑的；B. nervous紧张的；C. annoyed恼怒的；D. curious好奇的。根据“George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was ___8___ for him, having to leave his dog to a ___9___ and trust that everything would ___10___ .”可知，这家人看起来有点紧张和不安。故选B。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：丈夫George试着冷静下来，但我看得出来，这对他来说很难，他不得不把狗留给一个陌生人，并相信一切都会进展顺利。A. hard困难的；B. fine好的；C. common常见的；D. lucky幸运的。根据上文“was trying to be calm”以及下文“having to leave his dog to a ___9___ and trust that everything would ___10___ .”可推知，此处指把狗留给一个陌生人对主人来说很难。故选A。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：丈夫George试着冷静下来，但我看得出来，这对他来说很难，他不得不把狗留给一个陌生人，并相信一切都会进展顺利。A. coworker合作者；B. passenger乘客；C. stranger陌生人；D. neighbor邻居。根据“George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was ___8___ for him,”可知，要把狗留给一个陌生人。故选C。
10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：丈夫George试着冷静下来，但我看得出来，这对他来说很难，他不得不把狗留给一个陌生人，并相信一切都会进展顺利。A. speed up加速；B. work out进展顺利；C. come back回来；D. take off起飞。根据“George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was ___8___ for him,”可知，让狗的主人George相信一个陌生人一切都会进展顺利，对他来说很难。故选B。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：道别之后，我让George和他的妻子帮我把Tiffy送上飞机。A. feed喂养；B. follow跟随；C. change改变；D. load装载。load into装入。根据“Tiffy into the plane.”可知，作者让George和他的妻子帮忙把Tiffy装入飞机。故选D。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我答应过会照顾好Tiffy，一到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话。A. call打电话；B. join加入；C. leave离开；D. serve服务。根据“as soon as we got to Kansas City.”可知，作者承诺一到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话。故选A。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这次飞行平安无事，Tiffy是个很棒的乘客。A. unnecessary没有必要的；B. unexpected意想不到的；C. unavoidable不可避免的；D. uneventful太平无事的。根据“and Tiffy was a great passenger.”可知，这次飞行一切都平安无事。故选D。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天，她和Karen一起坐飞机，几天后就回到了弗吉尼亚州的George那里。 A. returned返回；B. fought打仗；C. flew飞；D. agreed同意。根据“It just ___4___ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who ___5___ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.”可知，Karen带狗Tiffy飞往弗吉尼亚州。故选C。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他非常感激，给我发了一封很漂亮的电子邮件，并附上了照片。A. thankful感激的；B. generous慷慨的；C. proud骄傲的；D. sympathetic同情的。通读全文，再根据“and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures.”可推知，此处指对于作者的帮忙，George非常感激。故选A。
专题02 优秀模拟题
A
(25高三下·重庆南开中学·5月质检)
When I was a child, my Aunt Julie had a dog named Sammy that always greeted us with a “doggy smile.” One afternoon we were all 1 and going out for a party. I don’t remember the occasion, but I do remember that we were in an awful 2 .
Sammy, however, wasn’t in any hurry. The only thing Sammy was 3 in was getting some attention. “No, Sammy, we cannot play.” my aunt 4 , “We have to go! Now!” The 5 was that we couldn’t go, because Aunt Julie had misplaced her false teeth. The longer we searched for her teeth, the later we got for the event, the crosser Aunt Julie became, and the more 6 Sammy seemed to demand. We 7 Sammy’s barking, as we looked wildly for the missing false teeth.
Finally, Aunt Julie 8 her breaking point and gave up. She sank to the bottom of the stairs and cried. I sat next to her, 9 her with that special brand of wisdom eight-year-olds 10 . “It’s okay, Aunt Julie. We can still go, just don’t smile.” I said, which made her cry even 11 .
At that moment, Sammy gave a few 12 barks from the top of the stairs, and then was quiet. As we turned around to see what she wanted, we both exploded into 13 . There stood a “smiling” Sammy — with Aunt Julie’s false teeth in her mouth — her tail wagging a hundred miles an hour. The message in her 14 eyes was obvious: I’ve been trying to tell you for a half hour — I know where your teeth are! It’s a(n) 15 that, thirty years later, still makes me laugh out loud.
1．A．taken in B．woken up C．dressed up D．called on
2．A．rush B．fear C．shame D．regret
3．A．disappointed B．expert C．absorbed D．confident
4．A．whispered B．scolded C．sobbed D．continued
5．A．problem B．risk C．principle D．secret
6．A．praise B．food C．attention D．sleep
7．A．applauded B．ignored C．imitated D．recorded
8．A．avoided B．delayed C．reached D．passed
9．A．confusing B．criticizing C．teasing D．comforting
10．A．invent B．lack C．forget D．possess
11．A．harder B．less C．softer D．quieter
12．A．frightened B．sharp C．aggressive D．curious
13．A．tears B．song C．anger D．laughter
14．A．sparkling B．blank C．cold D．cruel
15．A．puzzle B．sight C．thought D．disaster
【答案】
1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．C 9．D 10．D 11．A 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者小时候和姑姑Julie以及姑姑的狗Sammy的故事。有一次他们准备去参加聚会，姑姑却找不到假牙了，萨米在一旁渴望得到关注，姑姑急得大哭，最后萨米嘴里叼着姑姑的假牙，那场景十分有趣，三十年后作者想起这件事仍会大笑。
1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：一天下午，我们都盛装打扮，准备出去参加一个聚会。A. taken in吸收，理解；B. woken up唤醒；C. dressed up打扮；D. called on拜访。根据下文“going out for a party”

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