资源简介

题型32 非谓语动词
题型简介
非谓语动词填空是高考英语语法填空中实现句式结构复杂化与逻辑关系层次化的高阶题型。该题型要求学生突破简单“主语-谓语”框架，在句中同时处理多个动作或状态，并精准判断这些动作与句子主干之间的时间先后、逻辑主被动及功能目的关系，从而选用正确的非谓语形式（不定式、动名词、分词）进行表达。它绝非对语法规则的机械套用，而是对学生深入解构句子成分、辨识意群逻辑，并在此基础上有意识地进行复杂语言构建的综合性思维检验。
随着高考对长难句理解和地道书面表达要求的日益凸显，此类题目已成为区分学生语言能力的关键标尺。确保在此类考点上稳定发挥，对于学生攻克阅读理解难点、提升写作句式丰富度与逻辑严谨性具有决定性的意义，是学生从语言基础掌握迈向语言熟练运用的重要分水岭。该题型主要围绕三大核心维度展开考查：
1、形式选择与功能对应：在具体语境中，判断空格处所需的非谓语形式——表示目的、将来或具体一次性的动作常用不定式；表示泛指概念、功能或已完成的动作常用动名词；表示主动、进行或伴随状态用现在分词；表示被动或完成状态用过去分词。
2、逻辑主语与主被动关系：分析非谓语动词与其逻辑主语（可能是句子的主语、宾语或隐含主体）之间的关系。若为主动关系，视情况选用不定式主动式、动名词或现在分词；若为被动关系，则需选用不定式被动式、动名词的被动式或过去分词。
3、句法成分与语境融合：根据非谓语动词在句中所充当的成分（如主语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语），结合上下文的时间线索和逻辑语义，最终确定其最恰当的时态与语态形式（一般式、完成式、进行式等）。
这三方面的能力考查环环相扣，共同聚焦于学生能否跳出简单句的思维定式，运用非谓语动词这一核心语法手段，使多个信息点有机融合、逻辑分明，是衡量其英语思维能力是否成熟、语言运用是否接近本族语者水平的核心试金石。
设题类型&解题思路
核心定位：非谓语动词考查的本质，是测试学生能否在句子主干（主谓结构）之外，精准嵌入另一动作或状态，并明确其与句子核心间的逻辑关系。这要求学生在动态语境中，根据动作的发生时间、主被动语态和句法功能，在“to do”、“doing”和“done”三大形式中做出唯一正确的选择。它是衡量学生是否掌握英语复杂句构建思维的关键标尺。
考向01 To Do（动词不定式）——“目的、将来与具体行动”
核心功能：不定式核心表达目的、意愿、将来或将发生的具体一次动作。它强调动作的目标性、未完成性和潜在性。
设题类型与解题思路：
1. 作目的状语：当句中动作A是为了实现动作B时，B常用不定式。
判断：空格所在部分能译为“为了…”。
例题：He stood up ______ (make) himself heard.（他站起来是为了让大家听到他。）
解析：“站起来”的目的是“让大家听到”，表目的，用 to make。
2. 作宾语或宾补：在表示“希望、决定、安排、要求”等意义的动词后。
判断：空格前有 want, decide, plan, ask, tell, allow, expect 等动词。
例题：The teacher asked us ______ (finish) the work on time.
解析：ask sb. to do sth. 为固定结构，用 to finish。
3. 作后置定语：修饰名词，表示“要去做…的”。
判断：空格位于名词后，且该动作由该名词发出，且尚未发生。
例题：I have a lot of emails ______ (reply) to.
解析：“emails”是“回复”动作的对象，且动作待完成，用 to reply。
固定句型：It is + adj. + to do; too...to...; enough to...等。
解题口诀：“目的将来将要做，特定动词后面找；名词之后表未来，固定句型要记牢。”
考向02 Doing（现在分词/动名词）——“主动、进行与一般概念”
核心功能：
作为现在分词：表示主动、正在进行或伴随的状态，强调动作与主语间的主动关系和同时性。
作为动名词：将动作名词化，表示一般性、习惯性或已完成概念的活动。
设题类型与解题思路：
1. 作状语（分词功能）：表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随。
判断：主动关系是关键。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，且二者是主动关系（主语发出该动作）。
例题：______ (Work) hard, you will succeed. / He sat by the window, ______ (read) a book.
解析：前句“努力工作”与“你”是主动关系，表条件，用 Working。后句“读书”是“他”发出的主动伴随动作，用 reading。
2. 作定语（分词功能）：修饰名词，相当于一个主动的定语从句。
判断：被修饰的名词是分词动作的发出者。
例题：The girl ______ (stand) under the tree is my sister.
解析：“女孩”主动“站立”，用 standing。
3. 作宾语/主语（动名词功能）：
判断：
空格处于主语或及物动词后宾语的位置。
动词后：需记忆常接动名词的动词（如 enjoy, finish, avoid, practice, mind, suggest）。
介词后：介词后的动词必须用动名词。
例题：______ (Swim) is good for health. / He suggested ______ (go) there by bike.
解析：前句作主语，表一般性活动，用 Swimming。后句 suggest doing sth.，用 going。
解题口诀：“主动进行用doing，状定伴随逻辑清；动名好似一名词，主宾介词后边停。”
考向03 Done（过去分词）——“被动、完成与状态”
核心功能：过去分词核心表达被动、完成或某一动作结束后所形成的状态。它强调动作的承受性与完成性。
设题类型与解题思路：
1．作状语：表示时间、原因、条件、方式。
判断：被动关系是关键。分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语，且二者是被动关系（主语承受该动作）。
例题：______ (See) from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.
解析：“城市”是“被看”的对象，表被动，用 Seen。
2. 作定语：修饰名词，相当于一个被动的定语从句。
判断：被修饰的名词是分词动作的承受者。
例题：The bridge ______ (build) last year is now in use.
解析：“桥”是“被建造”的，用 built。
3. 作宾补：在感官动词或使役动词后，说明宾语的状态。
判断：see/hear/find/feel/make/have/get + 宾语 + done，表示宾语“被…”。
例题：I must have my computer ______ (repair).
解析：“电脑”需要“被修理”，用 repaired。
4. 构成完成时态或被动语态：与助动词have或be连用。
判断：空格前有 have/has/had 或 am/is/are/was/were。
解题口诀：“被动完成用done，状定补语意思明；名承受动即被动，状态完成助动行。”
综合解题思维导图：
面对非谓语动词填空题，建议遵循以下三步分析链：
定成分，明功能：分析空格在句中作何成分（状语、定语、宾语、补语等）。
找逻辑，判主被：确定空格动作与其逻辑主语（常为句子主语或被修饰名词）的关系是主动（用doing）还是被动（用done）。若表目的、将来或接特定动词，则考虑 to do。
联语境，定时态：结合上下文判断动作的相对时间（与谓语动作同时、在先或在后），以确认是否需要使用完成式（having done / to have done）等复杂形式。
考向01 动词不定式to do
【例1-1】(2026届江苏省镇江市实验高级中学、茅以升中学等高三上学期第二次模拟预测英语试题节选)
His trials were far from easy, but he refused 1 (postpone) his efforts.
【答案】to postpone
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他的试验绝非易事，但他拒绝推迟自己的努力。固定搭配refuse to do sth.意为“拒绝做某事”，后接动词不定式作宾语。故填to postpone。
【例1-2】(湖南省益阳市2025-2026学年高三上学期9月教学质量监测英语试题节选)
Once 2 poverty-stricken mountainous region, Jiangkou made tea its key industry in 2007, taking advantage of its favorable tea- growing conditions,……
【答案】to showcase
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：“我们从不错过在特殊平台上展示我们文化的机会 —— 这确实是我们最大的荣誉，”张晓欢说。这里考查opportunities to do sth，为固定搭配，意为“做某事的机会”，应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to showcase。
【例1-3】(2025届江苏省南通市崇川区高三上学期第一次调研考试英语试题节选)
Known as “leftover food blind boxes”, these innovative meal options provide a convenient and affordable way 3 (enjoy) delicious food while also reducing food waste.
【答案】to enjoy
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些创新的餐食选择被称为“剩食盲盒”，提供了一种方便又实惠的方式来享用美味食物，同时也减少了食物浪费。这里考查a way to do sth.，为固定搭配，意为“做某事的方式”，应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to enjoy。
【变式1-1】（2026届湖南省郴州市高三上学期第一次教学质量监测英语试题节选）
In Tijuca National Park in Rio de Janeiro, there stands a “Chinese Pavilion”. It was constructed 1 (honour) 19th-century Chinese immigrants who boosted Brazil’s tea industry.
【答案】to honour
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它的建造是为了纪念19世纪推动巴西茶叶产业发展的中国移民。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，表示建造亭子的目的是“为了纪念”，故填to honour。
【变式1-2】（2026届湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州高三上学期一模英语试题节选）
The three-day World Humanoid Robot Games, the first large-scale global event of its kind, officially kicked off in Beijing, China, on Friday, August 15, 2025. It has drawn widespread attention as a historic opportunity 2 (display) humanoid robot technology.
【答案】to display
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这引起了广泛关注，因为它是一个展示人形机器人技术的历史性机会。opportunity后常用不定式作后置定语，表示“做某事的机会”。故填to display。
【变式1-3】（2026届广东省部分学校高三上学期1月学科测试英语试题节选）
This innovative (innovate) treat combines Inner Mongolia’s age-old naipizi tradition with tanghulu, 3 beloved candied fruit snack.
【答案】to move
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们希望这封信能缓解你的一些失望，并激励你继续前进。动词短语inspire sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“激励某人做某事”，动词move应使用动词不定式形式，作宾语补足语。故填to move。
考向02 现在分词doing
【例2-1】(2026届浙江省嘉兴市高三上学期一模英语试题节选)
1 (mark) the first time a wind turbine has been used for housing, Nestle is an ambitious (ambition) demonstration of the possibilities of up-cycling, says Jos de Krieger, co-founder of the company behind the project.
【答案】 Marking
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该项目背后公司的联合创始人乔斯·德·克里格表示，这是首次将涡轮机用于住宅建设，Nestle是一个雄心勃勃的范例，展示了升级改造的可能性。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词，此处表示“作为首次将涡轮机用于住宅建设”，与主语Nestle之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Marking。
【例2-2】(浙江省绍兴市柯桥区2025-2026学年高三上学期高考科目适应性考试英语试题节选)
Many other interesting terms made the shortlist. “Clanker” is a British slang word for robots or AI, 2 (carry) a somewhat negative meaning. “Broligarchy” means a small group of rich men with significant political influence.
【答案】carrying
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：“Clanker”是英式俚语，指机器人或人工智能，带有些许负面含义。句子已有谓语动词is，此处用非谓语动词作伴随状语，carry与逻辑主语Clanker是主动关系，故填carrying。
【例2-3】(2026届浙江省北斗星盟高三一模英语试题节选)
The Song Dynasty poet Li Qingzhao found profound meaning in nature’s small changes, 3 (reveal) the extraordinary in ordinary life.
【答案】revealing
【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：宋代女词人李清照从自然的细微变化中探寻深刻的意义，于平凡生活中发掘不凡的价值。此处为非谓语动词作状语，Li Qingzhao与reveal为主动关系，用现在分词revealing。故填revealing。
【变式2-1】(2026届江苏省镇江市实验高级中学、茅以升中学等高三上学期第二次模拟预测英语试题节选)
He conducted thousands of experiments, 1 (ignore) the failures and criticisms along the way.
【答案】ignoring
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他进行了数千次实验，在这个过程中无视失败与批评。句子已有谓语动词conducted，此处用非谓语动词作伴随状语，ignore与逻辑主语He是主动关系，需用现在分词形式。故填ignoring。
【变式2-2】(湖南省益阳市2025-2026学年高三上学期9月教学质量监测英语试题节选)
2 (wear) golden headbands symbolizing the legendary Monkey King, China’s artistic swimmers brought the myth to life in a powerful Wukong-inspired routine to win gold in the team technical event at the 2025 World Aquatics Championships last Tuesday.
【答案】Wearing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：上周二，在2025年世界游泳锦标赛上，中国花样游泳运动员头戴象征传奇美猴王的金色头带，以一套充满力量、灵感源自悟空的动作，将这一神话形象生动呈现，斩获集体技术项目金牌。此空考查非谓语，逻辑主语China’s artistic swimmers与动词wear之间为主动关系，再由语境可知，应用现在分词作伴随状语，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Wearing。
【变式2-3】(2025届江苏省南通市崇川区高三上学期第一次调研考试英语试题节选)
Inspired by videos posted by Chinese creators living abroad that/who shared their experiences, Chinese consumers and businesses have quickly accepted the idea, 3 (lead) to similar operations in major Chinese cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Chengdu.
【答案】leading
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：受到国外中国创作者发布的分享其经历的视频的启发，中国消费者和企业迅速接受了这一理念，这使得北京、上海和成都等中国主要城市也出现了类似的业务。此空考查非谓语，句子Chinese consumers and businesses have quickly accepted the idea与lead之间为主动关系，再由语境可知，这里应用现在分词作结果状语。故填leading。
考向03 过去分词done
【例3-1】(2026届湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州高三上学期一模英语试题节选)
Over 500 humanoid robots, representing (represent) 280 teams from 16 countries including the US, Germany and Japan, are competing in a range of sports such as soccer, running and boxing. 1 (operate) remotely by their human teams, these robots not only compete for gold medals but also undergo tests
【答案】Operated
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些机器人由人类操作团队远程操控，它们不仅会参加比赛争夺金牌，还会在26项赛事中接受灵活性和技能方面的测试，包括体操、田径、武术等等。逻辑主语these robots与动词operate之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式；位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Operated。
【例3-2】（2026届湖南省高三上学期阶段性检测（二）英语试题节选）
To date, Chinese scientists have partnered 145 researchers from 10 countries, exploring nine hadal trenches worldwide, the Mariana, the Kermadec and Puysegur trenches 2 (include).
【答案】included
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：截至目前，中国科学家已与来自 10 个国家的 145 名研究人员开展合作，探索了全球 9 条超深渊海沟，包括马里亚纳海沟、克马德克海沟及普伊塞古尔海沟等。此处为“逻辑主语+过去分词”构成的独立主格结构，the Mariana, the Kermadec and Puysegur trenches与include之间是被动关系，故用过去分词included。故填included。
【例3-3】(2026届广东省江门市二模英语试题节选)
The “silver economy” refers to economic (economy) activities catering to the needs of the elderly, including products and services 3 (design) for their lifestyles.
【答案】designed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：“银发经济”指的是满足老年人需求的经济活动，包括为他们的生活方式设计的产品和服务。products and services与design是动宾关系，应用过去分词designed，作后置定语。故填designed。
【变式3-1】（重庆市2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中调研考试英语试题节选）
The quern is one of more than 220 objects from Shanghai Cooperation Organization member countries 1 (show) in the exhibition, which works to celebrate (celebrate) cultural differences and advance mutual (互相的)understanding.
【答案】shown
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：此次展览展出了来自上海合作组织成员国的220多件文物，其中一件就是这件手推磨。此次展览旨在庆祝文化差异，促进相互理解。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰objects，objects与 show 是被动关系（展品被展出），用过去分词shown作后置定语。故填shown。
【变式3-2】（2026届浙江省嘉兴市高三上学期一模英语试题节选）
Nestle is made from a retired, 20-year-old turbine 2 (donate) by a Dutch company that purchases used turbines for reuse.
【答案】donated
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Nestle由一台有20年历史的退役涡轮机改造而成，该涡轮机由一家荷兰公司捐赠，这家公司专门收购二手涡轮机进行再利用。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词，turbine与donate之间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故填donated。
【变式3-3】（2025届江苏省南通市崇川区高三上学期第一次调研考试英语试题节选）
…….. Some boxes contain pre-packed meals 3 (base) on a store’s sales before the evening, while others allow customers (customer) to choose from what still remains in the store around closing time.
【答案】based
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有些盲盒里装的是基于商店晚间前销售情况预先包装好的餐食，而另一些则允许顾客在关店前后从商店剩余的食物中选择。这里考查非谓语，meals与base之间为被动关系，再由语境可知，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填based。
A
（2026届西南名校联盟“3 +3+3”高考备考诊断性联考（一）英语试卷）
Gao Fenglin, a master craftsman in China, has worked on aerospace engines for over 30 years. 1 a senior technician, he ensures the precision of engine components, which affects spacecraft safety.
Once, Gao 2 (task) with welding a key rocket part. The tolerance was only 0.01 mm. He practiced 3 (control) his breath and movements for days. 4 (meet) the standard, he made a detailed plan and succeeded. His dedication inspires 5 new generation. He says, “We must pass skills on.” He has trained over 100 young technicians, many of 6 have become team backbones.
His story shows that ordinary people can 7 (true) achieve great things. Today, at the age of 50, Gao still works on the factory floor every day with the same enthusiasm he had on his first day, 8 (surround) by tools used for decades.
For young people, Gao is more than a craftsman — he is a role model. His experience teaches us that success comes from continuous improvement and unwavering passion. Whether in aerospace or any other field, the spirit of “craftsman” helps us build a stronger and 9 (prosper) country.
We should all learn from Gao Fenglin: love our work, pursue 10 (excellent), and achieve our dreams with hard work.
【答案】
1．As 2．was tasked 3．controlling 4．To meet 5．a 6．whom 7．truly 8．surrounded 9．more prosperous 10．excellence
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。在中国航天事业发展的征程中，有一位默默奉献的匠人——高凤林。作为中国航天科技集团的资深技师，他深耕航天发动机制造领域30余载，将毕生精力倾注于保障发动机零部件精度的工作之中。
1．考查介词。句意：作为一名高级技师，他确保发动机零部件的精度，这关系到航天器的安全。分析句子结构可知，此处应用介词as表身份，意为“作为”，且句首时首字母应大写。故填As。
2．考查时态和语态。句意：有一次，高凤林受命焊接一个火箭关键部件。此空考查谓语动词，句子描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时；“Gao”与“task”为被动关系，主语为单数。故填was tasked。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：他花了好几天时间练习控制呼吸和动作。这里考查“practice doing sth.”，为固定搭配，意为“练习做某事”。故填controlling。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了达到标准，他制定了详细的计划并最终成功。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，表“制定计划的目的是达到标准”，且句首时首字母应大写，故填To meet。
5．考查冠词。句意：他的敬业精神激励着新一代人。分析句子结构可知，这里泛指“新一代人”，且new为辅音音素开始的单词。故填a。
6．考查定语从句。句意：他培养了100多名青年技师，其中许多人已成为团队骨干。先行词是“over 100 young technicians”，指人，且在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。
7．考查副词。句意：他的事迹表明，普通人也能真正成就一番大事业。所填空修饰动词achieve，需用形容词true的副词形式truly，表“真正地”。故填truly。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，50岁的高凤林依然每天带着入职第一天的那份热情奋战在车间一线，身边环绕着用了几十年的工具。此空考查非谓语，主语“Gao”与“surround”为被动关系，再由语境可知，应用过去分词作伴随状语。故填surrounded。
9．考查形容词比较级。句意：无论在航天领域还是其他任何行业，工匠精神都助力我们建设一个更强大、更繁荣的国家。空格前“stronger”为比较级，and连接并列结构，所以此空也应填比较级结构形式。故填more prosperous。
10．考查名词。句意：我们都应该向高凤林学习：热爱本职工作，追求卓越，用奋斗成就梦想。动词pursue后需接名词作宾语，excellent的名词形式为excellence，表“卓越”，为不可数名词，符合语境。故填excellence。
B
（2025届东北三省精准教学高三下学期三模联考英语试题）
A groundbreaking program introducing Chinese music to Maltese youth through pipa lessons 1 (launch) at St. Ignatius College Handaq Middle School this March, marking 2 first time that a Maltese school has offered systematic pipa training, reflecting Malta’s growing interest in cross-cultural exchanges.
Organized 3 (joint) by the China Cultural Center and the school, the initiative has enrolled over 20 students. Young artist Guo Mei, a recipient of multiple national music awards, serves 4 the instructor and teaches basic techniques every Friday afternoon, citing classical pieces like Ambush from Ten Sides(《十面埋伏》) as teaching examples.
“Our 5 (commit) to cultural diversity finds perfect expression here,” said school principal Maria Montebello at the launch ceremony. She added that this partnership would deepen China-Malta cultural understanding, 6 (expect) more students to join next term.
Student Serena Galazzo shared her fascination: “The pipa’s pear-shaped body is unique. Learning it feels like unlocking ancient musical codes.” Though aware of 7 (challenge), she vowed to persist.
“Its tones carry mysterious oriental charm,” said Mariah Mizzi, 8 previously listened to pipa melodies during local Spring Festival events. Her upcoming trip to China will help enrich her musical interpretations.
The initiative is part of the “Chinese Music Linking the Future” campaign, a 9 (globe) effort by China cultural centers overseas to share traditional instruments. By integrating ancient musical heritage with modern teaching methods, the lessons aim 10 (bridge) Eastern and Western cultural heritages.
【答案】
1．was launched 2．the 3．jointly 4．as 5．commitment 6．expecting 7．challenges 8．who 9．global 10．to bridge
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了今年三月在圣伊格纳修斯学院汉达克中学启动的一项开创性项目，该项目通过琵琶课程向马耳他青少年介绍中国音乐，标志着马耳他学校首次提供系统的琵琶培训，反映了马耳他对跨文化交流日益增长的兴趣。
1．考查谓语动词。句意：今年3月，一项通过琵琶课程向马耳他青年介绍中国音乐的开创性项目在圣伊格内修斯学院汉达克中学启动。这标志着马耳他学校首次提供系统性琵琶培训，也反映出马耳他对跨文化交流日益增长的兴趣。空处为本句谓语动词；根据“this March”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“A groundbreaking program”，单数，和动词“launch”之间为被动关系。故填was launched。
2．考查冠词。句意：今年3月，一项通过琵琶课程向马耳他青年介绍中国音乐的开创性项目在圣伊格内修斯学院汉达克中学启动。这标志着马耳他学校首次提供系统性琵琶培训，也反映出马耳他对跨文化交流日益增长的兴趣。空处为修饰序数词“first”用定冠词“the”。故填the。
3．考查副词。句意：该项目由中国文化中心与学校联合组织，目前已招收20多名学生。空处为修饰动词“organized”用副词形式，意为“联合地”。故填jointly。
4．考查固定短语。句意：曾获多项国家级音乐奖项的青年艺术家郭梅担任授课教师，每周五下午教授基本演奏技巧，并以《十面埋伏》等经典曲目为例进行教学。空处为固定短语：serve as，意为“担当……、充当……”，符合句意。故填as。
5．考查名词。句意：学校校长Maria Montebello在启动仪式上表示：“我们对文化多样性的承诺在此得到了完美体现。” 空处为名词形式担当主语；根据谓语动词“finds”可知，空处为名词单数形式。故填commitment。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：她补充道，这一合作将加深中马文化理解，并期待下学期有更多学生加入。空处为非谓语动词形式担当状语；主语“she”和动词“expect”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填expecting。
7．考查名词的数。句意：尽管意识到学习有挑战，她仍誓言坚持。空处为名词形式担当宾语；根据句意可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填challenges。
8．考查定语从句。句意：曾在当地春节活动中聆听过琵琶旋律的Mariah Mizzi说：“它的音色带着神秘的东方魅力。” 空处为定语从句的关系词；先行词为“Mariah Mizzi”，在非限制性定语从句中的担当主语，用关系代词“who”引导。故填who。
9．考查形容词。句意：该项目是“中国音乐连接未来”活动的一部分——这是中国海外文化中心在全球范围内推广传统乐器的努力。空处为修饰名词“effort”用形容词形式，意为“全球的”。故填global。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过将古老音乐遗产与现代教学方法相结合，这些课程旨在搭建东西方文化遗产的桥梁。空处为非谓语动词担当动词“aim”后的宾语，用动词不定式形式，构成短语：aim to do sth.，意为“旨在做某事”，符合句意。故填to bridge。
C
（2025届河北省唐山市高三下学期第二次模拟演练英语试题）
Liu Jiakun, the respected Chinese architect, has been awarded the 2025 Pritzker Architecture Prize, recognizing his efforts 1 (bridge) tradition and modernity. The Pritzker judges praised Liu for his deep respect for culture, history, and nature.
Liu's journey in architecture has been shaped by deep personal experiences and cultural influences. As a child, he would climb to the rooftop and gaze (凝视) over traditional wooden 2 ( home) . This early fascination with the built environment laid the foundation for his architectural philosophy 3 (root) in memory, place, and transformation. Yet, his path was not always certain. After finishing school, he thought about quitting architecture completely, but an inspiring exhibition by a former classmate put 4 on a path to change modern Chinese architecture.
Central to Liu's work is the idea that identity is both personal and collective. He revisits tradition as a “springboard (跳板) for innovation,” seeking to integrate the past 5 modern technology.
A defining metaphor of Liu's philosophy is his desire to be “like water”, which 6 (adapt) to the local environment without setting a fixed form. He envisions architecture as an organic process, one that absorbs the spirit of a place and grows 7 (natural) over time. “The water gradually solidifies, ” he writes, “transforming into architecture, and perhaps even into the highest form of human spiritual 8 (create) . ”
In a global context 9 architecture is struggling to find sufficient responses to fast-developing social and environmental challenges, Liu Jiakun has provided 10 (convince) answers that celebrate the everyday lives of people as well as their social and spiritual identities.
【答案】
1．to bridge 2．homes 3．rooted 4．him 5．with 6．adapts 7．naturally 8．creation 9．where 10．convincing
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了中国著名建筑师刘家琨荣获 2025 年普利兹克建筑奖，以表彰他在连接传统与现代方面所做出的努力。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：备受尊敬的中国建筑师刘家琨荣获了 2025 年普利兹克建筑奖，以认可他在连接传统与现代方面所付出的努力。空处在句中作后置定语，修饰名词efforts，且名词efforts与动词bridge之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以bridge要用不定式形式。故填to bridge。
2．考查名词的数。句意：小时候，他常常爬上屋顶，凝视着传统的木质房屋。home为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，所以要用其复数形式。故填homes。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种早期对建筑环境的着迷，为他基于记忆、场所和变革的建筑理念奠定了基础。空处在句中作后置定语，修饰名词词组architectural philosophy，且名词词组architectural philosophy与动词root之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以root要用过去分词形式。故填rooted。
4．考查代词。句意：毕业后，他曾考虑彻底放弃建筑行业，但一位老同学举办的一场极具启发性的展览让他走上了改变中国现代建筑的道路。空处在句中作put的宾语，指代上文提到的he，所以要用宾格him。故填him。
5．考查介词。句意：他将传统视为“创新的跳板”，力求将过去与现代技术相结合。integrate...with...是固定搭配，表示“把……与……相结合”，所以空处要填介词with。故填with。
6．考查时态及主谓一致。句意：刘家琨建筑理念的一个典型隐喻是他渴望“像水一样”，能够适应当地环境而不设定固定的形式。空处在which引导的非限制性定语从句中作谓语，句子陈述的是客观事实，要用一般现在时，关系代词which指代先行词desire，为单数形式，所以从句谓语动词也要用单数形式。故填adapts。
7．考查副词。句意：他将建筑设想为一个有机的过程，一个吸收地方精神并随着时间自然发展的过程。空处修饰动词grows，要用副词作状语。故填naturally。
8．考查名词。句意：他写道：“水逐渐凝固，”“转变成建筑，甚至可能变成人类精神创造的最高形式。”空处在句中作介词of的宾语，要用名词，create的名词形式为creation，为不可数名词。故填creation。
9．考查定语从句。句意：在全球建筑界努力寻找应对快速发展的社会和环境挑战的充分对策的背景下，刘家琨提供了令人信服的答案，这些答案既颂扬了人们的日常生活，也体现了他们的社会和精神身份。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词context，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以要用关系副词where引导该定语从句。故填where。
10．考查形容词。句意：在全球建筑界努力寻找应对快速发展的社会和环境挑战的充分对策的背景下，刘家琨提供了令人信服的答案，这些答案既颂扬了人们的日常生活，也体现了他们的社会和精神身份。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词answers，所以要用形容词，convincing为形容词，意为“令人信服的”。故填convincing。
D
（湖南省永州市第一中学2025-2026学年高一上学期拓展研学（四）英语试题）
Regular exercise can increase your body’s energy expenditure and it is also a great way 1 (improve) your productivity throughout the day. The increased energy levels that occur as 2 result of exercise are also likely to lead to more active habits throughout the day, such as taking the stairs rather than the lift, or 3 (walk) to speak to workmates instead 4 emailing. This increased 5 (activity) will then bring physical and mental benefits.
Physical activity can help us to improve the length and the quality of our sleep, 6 will in turn make further contributions to our health and wellbeing. While there is no absolute figure we should aim for in terms of sleep time, most people will find that they fall somewhere between 6-9 hours a night. Quality is 7 (certain) more important than quantity.
Regular physical activity can help us to manage life’s stress much 8 (well) as a skill to take our attention away. As discussed, exercise can help you achieve a more positive outlook as well as improving sleep quality, both of which are important in managing stress . Also, it is thought 9 exercise can help to improve our ability to make the control centers in our brain and the nervous system active, which is very 10 (help) when we are under stress.
【答案】
1．to improve 2．a 3．walking 4．of 5．activities 6．which 7．certainly 8．better 9．that 10．helpful
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。经常锻炼可以增加身体的能量消耗，这也是提高一整天的工作效率和注意力的好方法。这种增加的活动会给身体和精神带来好处。文章介绍了有规律锻炼给身体和精神带来的好处。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：有规律的锻炼可以增加你身体的能量消耗，这也是提高你一整天的工作效率和注意力的好方法。分析句子可知，a/the way后面用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to improve。
2．考查冠词。句意：运动导致的能量水平提高也可能导致一整天养成更积极的习惯，比如走楼梯而不是电梯，或者步行与同事交谈而不是发电子邮件。这里考查as a result of，表“为……的结果”，为固定搭配。故填a。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：运动导致的能量水平提高也可能导致一整天养成更积极的习惯，比如走楼梯而不是电梯，或者步行与同事交谈而不是发电子邮件。所给动词walk应用动名词形式作such as的宾语，与taking并列。故填walking。
4．考查固定短语。句意：运动导致的能量水平提高也可能导致一整天养成更积极的习惯，比如走楼梯而不是电梯，或者步行与同事交谈而不是发电子邮件。这里考查instead of，表“顶替，代替”，为固定搭配。故填of。
5．考查名词复数。句意：这种增加的活动将带来身心上的益处。分析句子可知，这里activity指代上文所说的那些活动，所以应用复数形式作主语。故填activities。
6．考查定语从句。句意：体育锻炼可以帮助我们延长睡眠时间，提高睡眠质量，这反过来又有助于我们的健康和幸福。这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个主句，在从句中作主语，应由关系代词which引导。故填which。
7．考查副词。句意：质量当然比数量更重要。句中more important是形容词最高级，由副词修饰，所给词certain是形容词，其副词是certainly。故答案为certainly。
8． 考查副词比较级。句意：作为一种分散注意力的方法，有规律的体育锻炼可以帮助我们更好地管理生活压力。此处是much修饰比较级加强语气，well的比较级是better。故填better。
9．考查主语从句。句意：此外，人们认为运动有助于提高我们使大脑和神经系统中的控制中心活跃的能力，这在我们处于压力下时非常有帮助。这里考查 it is thought that，表“据认为”，为固定句型，it为形式主语，that后引导主语从句。故填that。
10． 考查形容词。句意：此外，人们认为运动有助于提高我们使大脑和神经系统中的控制中心活跃的能力，这在我们处于压力下时非常有帮助。此空应用形容词作表语，helpful，表“有帮助的”，符合句意。故填helpful。
E
（湖南省湘潭县第一中学2025-2026学年高一上学期1月月考英语试题）
To the frequently 1 (ask) question, “What’s your favourite film ”, my answer is Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon. It has won many awards, including 2 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. It has also enabled Western audiences 3 (have) a better understanding of Chinese culture.
You must be familiar with the exciting fighting scene on top of a bamboo forest in Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon. With the aid of the computer, 4 (scene) like this could have been made in the studio. However, the film’s director, Ang Lee, 5 (prefer) to have actors perform on location. He believed this approach 6 film-making would create a “human connection” 7 can not be achieved with CGI special effects.
In addition to the 63. 8 (amaze) martial arts, the film also took advantage of China’s beautiful mountains, forests and deserts. Actually, it 9 (shoot) in different locations all around the country. All these factors 10 (genuine) contributed to the film’s success.
【答案】
1．asked 2．an 3．to have 4．scenes 5．preferred 6．to 7．which/that 8．amazing 9．was shot 10．genuinely
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了电影《卧虎藏龙》的成就、拍摄特点及其成功的关键因素。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：对于那个经常被问到的问题“你最喜欢的电影是什么？”，我的答案是《卧虎藏龙》。此处为非谓语动词作定语，question与ask为被动关系，用过去分词asked。故填asked。
2．考查冠词。句意：它斩获了多项大奖，包括一座奥斯卡最佳外语片奖。此处泛指“一座奥斯卡奖”，Academy是以元音音素开头的单词，应使用不定冠词an。故填an。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：它也让西方观众得以更好地了解中国文化。此处为固定搭配enable sb. to do sth.，意为“使某人能够做某事”，用动词不定式to have作宾语补足语。故填to have。
4．考查名词复数。句意：借助电脑技术，诸如此类的场景本可以在摄影棚内完成拍摄。此处scene为可数名词，结合语境可知不止一个场景，用复数形式scenes。故填scenes。
5．考查动词时态。句意：然而，该片导演李安却更倾向于让演员们实地拍摄。此处描述过去的动作，用一般过去时，prefer的过去式形式为preferred。故填preferred。
6．考查介词。句意：他认为这种电影制作方式能够营造出一种电脑特效无法企及的“人文联结”。此处为固定搭配approach to sth.，意为“某事的方法”，用介词to。故填to。
7．考查定语从句。句意：他认为这种电影制作方式能够营造出一种电脑特效无法企及的“人文联结”。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为a “human connection”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。
8．考查形容词。句意：除了令人惊叹的武打场面外，影片还充分利用了中国秀美的山川、森林与沙漠景观。此处修饰名词martial arts，用amaze的形容词形式amazing，意为“令人惊叹的”，符合题意。故填amazing。
9．考查动词时态和语态。句意：事实上，这部电影是在全国多个不同地点拍摄的。此处it指代film，与shoot为被动关系，且描述过去的动作，用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为was shot。故填was shot。
10．考查副词。句意：所有这些因素确实为这部电影的成功奠定了基础。此处修饰动词contributed，用genuine的副词形式genuinely，作状语。故填genuinely。
F
（湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期月考试卷（五） 英语试题）
Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge, which officially opened on 28 September, is another engineering wonder in China.
Soaring 625 meters above the Beipan River, the Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge stretches 1,420 meters, making it stand 1 the world’s longest steel truss-girder (桁架大梁) suspension bridge. 91 pairs of hangers — the “suspenders”, strung vertically, 2 (space) 15.4 meters apart to hold up the long four-lane bridge deck. This structure dramatically shortens travel time across the canyon. 3 once took more than two hours by road can now be crossed in just 2 minutes.
Built across the deep canyon, the bridge was constructed in one of the 4 (tough) environments. Engineers overcame immense difficulties 5 (base) on advanced technologies like drones, satellite navigation and ultrahigh strength materials, allowing for millimeter-level 6 (precise) in construction at extreme altitudes.
Lin Guoquan, who runs a nearby guesthouse, posted on social media his business was fully booked 7 that there were now hundreds of people every day at a viewing platform, to 8 he used to drive guests. Authorities hope it will attract more tourists to the region with viewing platforms, a glass lift to the top of all the 9 (arch) and a glass walkway for visitors 10 (admire) the canyon below.
【答案】
1．as 2．are spaced 3．What 4．toughest 5．based 6．precision 7．and 8．which 9．arches 10．to admire
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍9月28日通车的花江大峡谷大桥，它是世界最长钢桁架梁悬索桥，建造难度大，还将带动当地旅游业发展。
1．考查介词。句意：花江大峡谷大桥飞架北盘江之上，距江面高达625米，桥身全长1420米，是全球最长的钢桁架梁悬索桥。stand as表示“作为…… 而存在”，故填as。
2．考查时态语态。句意：91对竖向布设的吊索 —— 即“吊杆”—— 间距为15.4米，托起这座长长的四车道桥面。主语91 pairs of hangers与谓语space（间隔）构成被动关系，且陈述事实用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填are spaced。
3．考查主语从句。句意：过去通过公路需要花费两个多小时才能到达的地方，现在只需两分钟就能到达了。引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，故用what，首字母大写。故填What。
4．考查形容词最高级。句意：这座桥横跨在深邃的峡谷之上，是在极为恶劣的环境中建成的。固定结构“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最…… 之一”，tough的最高级为toughest，故填toughest。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：工程师们凭借无人机、卫星导航和超高强度材料等先进技术克服了重重困难，在极高的海拔地区实现了毫米级的精确施工。固定搭配 (be) based on表示“基于……”，此处用过去分词短语作方式状语，故填based。
6．考查名词。句意：工程师们凭借无人机、卫星导航和超高强度材料等先进技术克服了重重困难，在极高的海拔地区实现了毫米级的精确施工。形容词millimeter-level（毫米级的）后需接名词，precise的名词形式是 precision，为不可数名词，故填precision。
7．考查连词。句意：林国权经营着附近的一家旅馆，他在社交媒体上发文称其旅馆已全部订满，而且现在每天都有数百人来到一个观景平台（他过去会开车接送客人前往那里）。空前后是两个并列的宾语从句his business was fully booked和there were now hundreds of people...，表示并列关系，故用and连接。故填and。
8．考查定语从句。句意：林国权经营着附近的一家旅馆，他在社交媒体上发文称其旅馆已全部订满，而且现在每天都有数百人来到一个观景平台（他过去会开车接送客人前往那里）。此处为“介词 + 关系代词” 引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是a viewing platform，指物，关系代词用which。故填which。
9．考查名词的数。句意：当局希望这一项目能吸引更多游客来到该地区，它设有观景平台、通往所有拱门顶部的玻璃电梯以及供游客俯瞰下方峡谷的玻璃走道。all the后接可数名词复数，arch（桥拱）的复数形式是arches。故填arches。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：当局希望这一项目能吸引更多游客来到该地区，它设有观景平台、通往所有拱门顶部的玻璃电梯以及供游客俯瞰下方峡谷的玻璃走道。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，修建玻璃步道是为了让游客欣赏峡谷风光，故填to admire。
G
（浙江省余姚中学2025-2026学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题）
Have you ever heard of “city by city” It’s an internet buzzword 1 (coin) by a foreign blogger named Baobaoxiong during his visit to the Great Wall in Beijing. The phrase questions 2 a place has the fashionable atmosphere of a big city.
Millions of foreigners, like Baobaoxiong, are now exploring China, and their travel vlogs 3 (go) viral online recently. This trend is partly due to the 72-hour and 144-hour visa-free transit (过 境) policy, 4 allows travelers from 54 countries to explore China for up to six days without needing a visa if they have a valid travel document 5 a connecting ticket for departure within 72 or 144 hours.
Aiming for high-level opening-up, this policy has helped boost tourism in China. When first 6 (introduce) in 2013, the visa-free transit policy only applied 7 seven big cities like Beijing and Shanghai and allowed just 72 hours of stay. Now, it covers 41 exit-entry ports across 19 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities (直 辖 市), expanding to 144 hours. China has also made it 8 (easy) for foreign visitors by improving mobile payment accessibility and the visa application process.
Seeing is believing. The policy not only brings convenience for foreign travelers but also invites them 9 (experience) everyday life in China. It’s a great chance for them to rethink Western media’ s stereotypical (刻板的) 10 (describe) of China.
【答案】
1．coined 2．whether/if 3．have gone/have been going 4．which 5．and 6．introduced 7．to 8．easier 9．to experience 10．description/ descriptions
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章围绕网络热词“city bu city”展开，介绍了当下越来越多外国博主探访中国并发布旅行视频走红的现象并解释了其原因。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：这是一位名叫Baobaoxiong的外国博主在北京游览长城时创造的一个网络热词。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词buzzword，coin与buzzword之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式。故填coined。
2．考查宾语从句。句意：这个短语是用来询问一个地方是否具备大城市的时尚氛围。空处引导宾语从句，从句成分完整，表示“是否”，所以使用连接词whether/if引导。故填whether/if。
3．考查动词时态。句意：如今，成千上万像Baobaoxiong一样的外国人都在游历中国，他们的旅行视频博客近来也走红于网络。空处为谓语动词，根据时间状语recently可知，此处可使用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，也可使用现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，还有可能持续下去，且主语为复数名词vlogs，所以助动词使用have。故填have gone/have been going。
4．考查定语从句。句意：这一趋势的部分原因源于72小时及144小时过境免签政策，该政策规定，持有有效旅行证件且有72或144小时内离境的联程机票时，来自54个国家的游客可免签在中国停留最长六天进行游览。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词policy，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词which引导。故填which。
5．考查连词。句意：这一趋势的部分原因源于72小时及144小时过境免签政策，该政策规定，持有有效旅行证件且有72或144小时内离境的联程机票时，来自54个国家的游客可免签在中国停留最长六天进行游览。a valid travel document（有效旅行证件）和 a connecting ticket（联程机票）是两个并列的名词短语，都是游客需要持有的条件，二者为并列关系，用 and 连接。故填and。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：72小时免签过境政策于2013年首次推出时，仅适用于北京和上海等7个大城市，且只允许停留72小时。本句是when引导的时间状语从句的省略结构，完整结构是When the policy was first introduced in 2013；当状语从句的主语和主句主语一致，且从句含be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词；the policy和introduce（出台、推行）是被动关系，故直接用过去分词introduced。故填introduced。
7．考查介词。句意：该过境免签政策于2013年首次出台时，仅适用于北京、上海等7座大城市，且仅允许停留72小时。固定短语apply to意为“适用于”。故填to。
8．考查形容词比较级。句意：中国还通过完善移动支付的普及度、优化签证申请流程，让外国游客的出行变得更加便捷。“make+it+adj+for sb to do”为固定句型，所以此处使用形容词形式，结合句意可知，此处表示“更加方便的”，所以使用形容词比较级形式。故填easier。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：这项政策不仅为外国游客带来便利，也邀请他们亲身体验中国的日常生活。固定短语invite sb to do sth意为“邀请某人做某事”，所以此处为动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to experience。
10．考查名词。句意：这对他们而言，是重新审视西方媒体对中国的刻板描述的绝佳机会。空处作宾语，需填名词，describe的名词为description为不可数名词，也可用复数形式descriptions表示泛指。故填description(s)。
H
（2025届湘豫名校联考高三下学期第四次模拟英语试题）
Rising Global Appeal of the Chinese Language
When China has expanded its visa-free offerings, tens of millions of travelers are entering the country, and first-time visitors are seen 1 (eager)communicating on the streets, using translation apps, limited Mandarin, and a mix of English and body language when 2 (need).
Such exchanges and interactions have become increasingly widespread. Suddenly, the Chinese language is gaining popularity 3 people of various skin colors and hair colors. This shift has surprised many Chinese, 4 spent years struggling to pronounce English and navigating its complex grammar, often at their parents' insistence, in order to access better 5 (university) and job opportunities. Now, the tables may be turned.
Experts highlight China's increasing influence as a key factor behind the rising popularity of its language. While many foreigners once 6 (learn) Chinese out of curiosity about the country's rich history and culture, today,
China's national 7 (strong) has sparked a broader interest in all things related to it.
With China's increasing global importance, more people than ever before want to learn Chinese language. For most people, however, one does not have to be 8 expert in the language to get to know the country and the people. Genuine interest can be a powerful motivator in 9 (it). Adding to the growing appeal of the Chinese language, China has recently produced a wealth of games, novels and TV series that are hard 10 (put) down.
【答案】
1．eagerly 2．needed 3．with/among 4．who 5．universities 6．learned/learnt 7．strength 8．an 9．itself 10．to put
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述随着中国影响力提升，中文在全球愈发受欢迎，除历史文化因素外，国家实力也推动了这一趋势。
1．考查副词。句意：当中国扩大了免签政策后，数千万游客涌入该国。首次到访的游客被看到在街上热切地交流，必要时会使用翻译应用程序、有限的普通话，以及混合英语和肢体语言的方式。修饰动词communicating应用副词eagerly作状语，表“急切地”。故填eagerly。
2．考查省略句。句意：当中国扩大了免签政策后，数千万游客涌入该国。首次到访的游客被看到在街上热切地交流，必要时会使用翻译应用程序、有限的普通话，以及混合英语和肢体语言的方式。when引导的时间状语从句中，主语与主句主语一致或者为it is时，可省略主语和be动词，完整形式为when (it is) needed。故填needed。
3．考查介词。句意：突然之间，汉语在不同肤色和发色的人群中越来越受欢迎。gain popularity with/among...受到......欢迎。故填with或among。
4．考查定语从句。句意：这一变化让许多中国人感到惊讶，他们多年来在父母的坚持下努力练习英语发音、钻研复杂的英语语法，只为获得更好的大学升学机会和工作机会。这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为many Chinese，指人，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
5．考查名词复数。句意：这一变化让许多中国人感到惊讶，他们多年来在父母的坚持下努力练习英语发音、钻研复杂的英语语法，只为进入更好的大学、获得更好的工作机会。university为可数名词，结合语境可知，“更好的大学”不止一所，应用复数形式universities作宾语。故填universities。
6．考查时态。句意：曾经，许多外国人因对中国丰富的历史文化充满好奇而学习中文，如今，中国的国家实力引发了人们对所有与之相关事物的广泛兴趣。这里考查谓语动词，主语any foreigners与learn为主动关系，根据once可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，learn的过去式为learned或learnt。故填learned或learnt。
7．考查名词。句意：曾经，许多外国人因对中国丰富的历史文化充满好奇而学习中文，如今，中国的国家实力引发了人们对所有与之相关事物的广泛兴趣。形容词national后接名词，strong的名词形式为strength，为不可数名词，作主语。故填strength。
8．考查冠词。句意：然而，对于大多数人来说，要了解这个国家和人民，并不一定非得成为语言专家。这里表示“一位专家”，应用不定冠词表泛指，且expert以元音音素开头。故填an。
9．考查反身代词。句意：真正的兴趣本身就可以成为强大的动力。这里考查in itself，为固定搭配，意为“本身，自身”。故填itself。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了汉语日益增长的吸引力之外，中国最近还推出了大量让人难以抗拒的游戏、小说和电视剧。这里考查“be + adj. + to do” ，为固定结构，形容词hard后接不定式to put。故填to put。
I
（2025届山西省高三下学期4月联考二模英语试题）
Chinese Chess, also known as Xiangqi, is a timeless board game in Chinese culture. The exact origin of Chinese Chess remains a topic of debate among scholars, but many believe the game with 32 pieces 1 (invent) to mirror the battle at the Hong Canal during the Chu-Han Period. Initially 2 game for the upper class, Chinese Chess rapidly gained popularity and eventually spread throughout Chinese society. However, it was not until the end of the Northern Song Dynasty 3 Chinese Chess evolved into its finalized pattern—the chessboard with Boundary River as well as the rules of the game.
Far more than a form of entertainment, Chinese Chess serves 4 a profound mental exercise. The game combines elements of strategy, calculation and prediction, thus 5 (promote) people’s logical thinking, planning and tactics as well as character cultivation. There are many sayings in Chinese culture that 6 (direct) reflect the spirit of chess. For example, a Chinese saying “watching without telling, a true gentleman” indicates that people with good manners or qualities should simply observe what is going on without giving unasked-for advice 7 (show) respect for others.
As a cultural treasure meant for all, Chinese Chess is going 8 (globe). It is now enjoyed by over a billion fans, most of 9 are in China, Vietnam, Singapore and other Asian countries. Chinese Chess tournaments at the regional and international levels take place in the world every year. Technological innovations, such as online platforms and mobile applications, are enabling 10 (enthusiast) to connect, compete and communicate with each other regardless of geographic barriers. Young generations of chess players continue to carry the torch with shared passion.
【答案】
1．was invented 2．a 3．that 4．as 5．promoting 6．directly 7．to show 8．global 9．whom 10．enthusiasts
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国象棋（又称象棋）的起源、发展演变过程、它不仅仅是一种娱乐形式，更是一种深刻的思维锻炼方式，还阐述了中国象棋所体现的文化精神，以及它走向全球的现状和技术创新对其发展的促进作用。
1．考查动词的时态和语态。句意：中国象棋的确切起源在学者中仍然是一个有争议的话题，但许多人认为这个有 32 个棋子的游戏是被发明来反映楚汉时期鸿沟之战的。believe 后是省略了 that 的宾语从句，从句主语是 the game ，invent 与 the game 之间是被动关系，且这里是在说过去游戏被发明这件事，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was invented。
2．考查冠词。句意：起初，中国象棋是上层阶级的一种游戏，它迅速流行起来，最终传遍了整个中国社会。 game 是可数名词单数，此处表示“一种游戏”，表泛指，应用不定冠词，game发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
3．考查强调句句意：然而，直到北宋末年，中国象棋才演变成它最终的形式 —— 有楚河汉界的棋盘以及游戏规则。本句为强调句，其基本形式为“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分”，这里强调的是时间状语 “not until the end of the Northern Song Dynasty”，当被强调部分是物时，用that。故填that。
4．考查固定搭配。句意：中国象棋远不止是一种娱乐形式，它还充当一种深刻的思维锻炼方式。serve as 是固定短语，意为 “作为；充当”，符合语境。故填as。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：这个游戏结合了策略、计算和预测的元素，因此促进了人们的逻辑思维、规划和战术以及性格培养。空处已有谓语动词combines，所以promote 要用非谓语形式，此处是游戏结合多种元素产生的自然而然的结果，用现在分词作结果状语。故填promoting。
6．考查副词。句意：在中国文化中有很多直接反映象棋精神的谚语。设空处修饰从句谓语动词 reflect，修饰动词要用副词形式directly。故填directly。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，中国有句谚语 “观棋不语真君子” 表明，有良好举止或品质的人应该只是观察正在发生的事情，而不主动给出建议，以表示对他人的尊重。这里用动词不定式作目的状语，表示 “不主动给出建议” 的目的是 “表示对他人的尊重” 。故填 to show。
8．考查形容词。句意：作为一种全民共享的文化瑰宝，中国象棋正在走向全球。go 是系动词，后面要接形容词作表语，globe 的形容词形式是 global，go global 意为 “走向全球”。故填 global。
9．考查定语从句。句意：现在有超过十亿的粉丝喜欢它，他们中的大多数人在中国、越南、新加坡和其他亚洲国家。逗号后面是非限制性定语从句，先行词是 fans，指人，在介词 of 后作宾语，所以用关系代词 whom 引导定语从句。故填whom。
10．考查名词复数。句意：技术创新，如在线平台和移动应用程序，使爱好者们能够相互联系、竞争和交流，而不受地理障碍的限制。enable 是及物动词，后面接名词作宾语，结合语境这里指 “爱好者们”，应用名词复数形式，enthusiast 的复数是 enthusiasts。故填enthusiasts。
J
（2025届浙江省杭州市高三下学期二模英语试题）
Food plays a significant role in classic Chinese novels, with one of the most famous examples being Cao Xueqin’s Dream of the Red Chamber. In this 18th-century novel, food is a key part of the story, revealing details about characters 1 advancing the plot. The book’s most famous dish, a 2 (prepare) of eggplant called qiexiang (茄鲞), is a rich dish that requires 3 (day) to prepare, involving steaming eggplant ten times in soup made from old hens. The dish overwhelms the family’s poor relatives, first with envy, and later with terrible discomfort in stomachs.
The novel provides ample inspiration to today’s cooks. Food bloggers go viral with attempts 4 (recreate) the book’s most famous dishes. “Red Chamber Banquets” pop up in theme restaurants across China, and indeed worldwide, with the dishes plated in Michelin style.
While most foods 5 (serve) in the novel are made with high skill, they are made with only a few simple seasonal ingredients. In China’s culinary culture, humble ingredients 6 (prize) because they are in season. A relative 7 brags (吹嘘) about enjoying food out of season is later revealed to have a dangerously violent temper. A “bad apple,” one might say.
Like all great literature, the enduring popularity of Dream of the Red Chamber comes from 8 (it) many layers of meaning. Readers can appreciate it more than 9 an engaging story. The same can also be said about the food. When we read about it, we can admire the cooking art, mine 10 text for historical clues, or seek double meanings in every “bite”.
【答案】
1．and 2．preparation 3．days 4．to recreate 5．served 6．are prized 7．who/that 8．its 9．as 10．the
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文通过分析《红楼梦》中饮食描写的作用，如刻画人物、推动情节、反映文化，说明其在文学和烹饪领域的持久影响力。
1．考查并列连词。句意：在这部18世纪的小说中，食物是故事的关键部分，揭示了人物的细节并推进了情节。分析句子结构可知，两个动名词短语“revealing details about characters”和“advancing the plot”为并列关系，表示“既揭示人物细节，又推动情节发展”，需用并列连词 and 连接。故填and。
2．考查名词。句意：这本书中提到的最著名的菜肴是名为“茄鲞”的茄子料理，这是一道用料丰富的菜肴，需要数天时间才能做好，制作过程包括将茄子多次放入由老母鸡熬制的汤中蒸煮。冠词a后需接名词。动词“prepare(准备)”的名词形式为“preparation(准备)”。故填preparation。
3．考查名词复数。句意：这本书中提到的最著名的菜肴是名为“茄鲞”的茄子料理，这是一道用料丰富的菜肴，需要数天时间才能做好，制作过程包括将茄子多次放入由老母鸡熬制的汤中蒸煮。这里表达“需要数天时间准备”，因此，应是用day 的复数形式“days”，表泛指多日。故填days。
4．考查动词不定式。句意：美食博主们试图重现这本书中最著名的菜肴，这在网上疯传。此处的“attempt”为名词，意为“企图；试图；尝试”，其后接动词不定式 to do，作其后置定语，表示“尝试做某事的企图”。故填to recreate。
5．考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：小说中所呈现的大多数食物都是经过高超技艺烹制而成的，但它们所用的原料却只有几种简单的应季食材。“___5___(serve) in the novel”为之前名词“foods”的后置定语，动词“serve”与其之间为被动关系，需用过去分词形式。故填served。
6．考查时态和被动。句意：在中国的烹饪文化中，简单的食材因为是时令食材而受到重视。所填动词为句子的谓语动词，结合语境，这里描述一般事实，用一般现在时，且主语“humble ingredients(普通食材)”与动词“prize(珍视)”为被动关系，需用一般现在时被动语态：are done。主谓一致，故填are prized。
7．考查定语从句引导词。句意：一个吹嘘自己喜欢吃反季节食物的亲戚后来被发现有危险的暴戾脾气。“___7__ brags about enjoying food out of season”为之前“A relative”的定语从句，从句缺少主语且指人，需用关系代词 who或that引导。故填who/that。
8．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：像所有伟大的文学作品一样，《红楼梦》之所以经久不衰，源于它的多层含义。所填应是形容词性物主代词，作定语，修饰名词“many layers of meaning(多层含义)”。故填its。
9．考查介词。句意：读者可以欣赏它，而不仅仅是作为一个引人入胜的故事。分析语境可知，“an engaging story(一个有趣的故事)”是《红楼梦》的身份特征，用介词“as” 表“作为”这个含义，表达“不仅仅是作为一个有趣的故事”。故填as。
10．考查定冠词。句意：当我们阅读相关内容时，我们可以领略烹饪艺术的魅力，从文中寻找历史线索，或者在每一个“细节”中探寻其深层含义。分析语境可知，“text”特指前文提到的《红楼梦》文本，需用定冠词 “the”表特指。故填the。
K
（2026届浙江省宁波市镇海区镇海中学高三首考模拟考试英语试题）
In 1991, when Elena Pantaleoni first walked into La Stoppa, 1 historic wine factory founded in the late 1800s and set among the rolling hills of northern Italy, she felt an immediate responsibility to the land. “My role was not to impose a new vision; the inspiration came from understanding that this place already possessed everything it needed — character, strength and a clear voice — and my task was 2 (simple) to align the work with that truth,” she recalls.
She dedicated herself with all her heart 3 organic farming and eliminated synthetic chemicals, believing that respecting the life of the soil was inseparable from respecting the people 4 (connect) to it. To her, wine is culture, ethics and the expression of agricultural labor. “It is not merely a drink but a way of life, built on respect for the land, alignment with the seasons, 5 the preservation of farming traditions,” she says.
Over the decades, Pantaleoni 6 (witness) a shift in the winemaking world: women entering the field on their own terms. “Today, women are visible, respected and increasingly 7 (influence),” she says. For the next generation of female winemakers, her guidance is simple: stay close to the vineyard. “If you understand that wine is a medium through 8 we can express culture, then your work will find its direction.”
Pantaleoni sees a shared sensibility between Italy’s wine traditions and China’s long agricultural heritage. “We both guide nature with a patient hand, whether crafting wine or tea, understanding that true quality cannot 9 (rush).” Her wines, she says, are meant to speak honestly of their origins; something she hopes resonates with Chinese drinkers. “If guests in China can taste the 10 (honest), if they can sense the landscape behind the glass — the agricultural work, the seasons, the long patience of the wine’s aging in the cellar — then the wine has fulfilled its purpose.”
【答案】
1．a 2．simply 3．to 4．connected 5．and 6．has witnessed 7．influential 8．which 9．be rushed 10．honesty
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了酿酒师埃琳娜·潘塔莱奥尼（Elena Pantaleoni）的有机农业理念及其对葡萄酒文化的理解。
1．考查冠词。句意：1991年，当埃琳娜·潘塔莱奥尼第一次走进拉斯托帕（La Stoppa）这座建于19世纪末、坐落在意大利北部起伏山丘间的历史悠久的葡萄酒厂时，她立刻对这片土地产生了一种责任感。空格后的historic wine factory为单数可数名词，在此处首次提及，且historic以辅音音素开头，应使用不定冠词a表泛指。故填a。
2．考查副词。句意：她回忆道：“我的角色不是强加一种新的愿景；这份灵感来自于明白这个地方已经拥有了它所需的一切——个性、力量和清晰的声音——而我的任务仅仅是使工作与这一真相保持一致。”空格位于不定式短语to align the work with that truth之前，需要副词来修饰该不定式短语。所给形容词simple的副词形式是simply，意为“仅仅是”。故填simply。
3．考查介词。句意：她全心全意地致力于有机农业，并消除了合成化学品的使用，她相信尊重土壤的生命与尊重与之相关的人是不可分割的。此处考查固定搭配dedicate oneself to sth.，意为“致力于……”，空格处应填介词to。故填to。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：她全心全意地致力于有机农业，并消除了合成化学品的使用，她相信尊重土壤的生命与尊重与之相关的人是不可分割的。句中有谓语dedicated，空处应用非谓语动词，且空处位于名词the people之后，应是修饰该名词的后置定语。动词connect与被修饰词the people之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，应使用过去分词形式connected。故填connected。
5．考查连词。句意：她说：“它不仅是一种饮料，而且是一种生活方式，建立在尊重土地、顺应季节以及保护农业传统的基础上。”空格连接了三个并列的名词短语respect for the land，alignment with the seasons和the preservation of farming traditions，共同作介词on的宾语。此处需要一个表示并列的连词and。故填and。
6．考查时态。句意：几十年来，潘塔莱奥尼（Pantaleoni）见证了葡萄酒界的一个转变：女性按照自己的方式进入这个领域。句子的时间状语Over the decades表示从过去某个时间点持续到现在的一段时间，谓语动词应使用现在完成时，表示“到目前为止已经见证了”，且主语Pantaleoni为第三人称单数形式，助动词应用has。故填has witnessed。
7．考查形容词。句意：她说：“如今，女性是可以被看见、受尊重，并且越来越有影响力。”空处与前面的visible和respected并列，作表语，需要形容词形式。所给名词influence的形容词形式为influential，意为“有影响力的”。故填influential。
8．考查关系代词。句意：“如果你理解葡萄酒是一种媒介，我们可以通过它来表达文化，那么你的工作就会找到方向。”空处位于介词through之后，且定语从句修饰先行词medium。介词后接关系代词，且指物时应用which，which作介词through的宾语。故填which。
9．考查情态动词的被动语态。句意：她说：“我们都以耐心之手引导自然，无论是酿造葡萄酒还是茶，都明白真正的品质是无法急于求成的。”空处在情态动词cannot后，应接动词原形。所给动词rush为“催促，匆忙”之意，主语true quality与rush之间构成被动关系，应使用被动语态be rushed。故填be rushed。
10．考查名词。句意：“如果中国的客人能够品尝到这种诚实，如果他们能感受到玻璃杯背后的风景——农业劳作、季节更迭、酒窖中长期陈酿的耐心——那么这瓶酒就实现了它的目的。”动词taste后需要接名词作宾语，所给形容词honest的名词形式为honesty。故填honesty。
L
（江苏省南京师范大学附属中学联考2025-2026学年高三上学期月考英语试题）
Dining customs often provide an insight into a culture’s values. In the West, a separate meal for each person is a common practice. Even at a banquet, people take 1 they like for themselves rather than sharing dishes. With ever-widening opening up to the outside world, this Western culinary (烹饪的) practice has influenced China to a certain extent, 2 has not basically changed the eating habits of the Chinese people.
In the eyes of the Chinese, what is important about eating, especially at festivals, is to eat in a certain atmosphere and with certain sentiments (情感). In the process, the old and young sit 3 the order of seniority, talking and laughing in a joyous atmosphere, 4 the elders select food for the young, and the young make toasts to the elders. It is a lively, warm and harmonious family 5 (reunite). A hostess or host in China would distribute the dishes to treat guests. Using a pair of serving chopsticks, she or he offers the best part of 6 (fry) fish to the most important guest, 7 custom which expresses respect, concern and hospitality and is still popular among elder Chinese.
Such culinary customs 8 (have) a certain influence on the character of the Chinese people since ancient times. In a sense, it has strengthened the 9 (collect) spirit of the nation. At a party or a banquet, everyone first takes into consideration the needs of the group, with the eating process also 10 (be) a time to show humility and concern for others. This is different from Western eating habits, which pay more attention to individual needs.
【答案】
1．what 2．but/yet 3．in 4．where 5．reunion 6．fried 7．a 8．have had 9．collective 10．being
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要对比介绍了中西方用餐习俗的差异，指出西方“分餐制”与中国“共餐制”背后的文化价值观，强调了中国饮食习俗对民族性格和集体精神的影响。
1．考查宾语从句。句意：即使在宴会上，人们也会自己取喜欢的食物，而不是分享菜肴。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，从句中“like”后缺少宾语，指代“所喜欢的东西”，应用连接代词what来引导。故填what。
2．考查连词。句意：随着中国对外开放不断扩大，这种西方饮食习俗在一定程度上影响了中国，但并没有从根本上改变中国人的饮食习惯。根据语意可知，空格前后为转折关系，应用连词but或yet来连接。故填but/yet。
3．考查介词。句意：在这个过程中，老少按辈分就座，在欢乐的气氛中谈笑风生，长辈为晚辈夹菜，晚辈向长辈敬酒。“in the order of”为固定短语，意为“按照……的顺序”，故填in。
4．考查定语从句。句意：同上。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“a joyous atmosphere”，表示抽象地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where来引导。故填where。
5．考查名词。句意：这是一场生动、温暖、和谐的家庭团聚。根据空格前的不定冠词“a”可知，此处应用reunite的名词单数形式reunion，意为“团聚”，family reunion表示“家庭团聚”。故填reunion。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：主人或女主人会用公筷把煎鱼最好的部分夹给最重要的客人，这是一种表达尊重、关心和好客的习俗，在年长的中国人中仍然很流行。句中已有谓语动词offers，所以此处应用fry的非谓语动词形式，因其与修饰名词“fish”之间为被动关系，即鱼被煎，所以应用过去分词形式作定语。故填fried。
7．考查冠词。句意：同上。此处空格后的“custom”为可数名词，表示泛指“一种习俗”，且“custom”以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a来修饰。故填a。
8．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这种饮食习俗自古以来对中国人的性格产生了一定的影响。根据时间状语“since ancient times”和语境可知，此处表示过去某事对现在造成影响，应用现在完成时；主语“Such culinary customs”为复数，助动词用have，故填have had。
9．考查形容词。句意：从某种意义上说，它增强了民族的集体精神。修饰名词“spirit”，应用collect的形容词形式collective作定语，意为“集体的”。故填collective。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：在聚会或宴会上，每个人首先考虑的是群体的需要，而用餐过程也是展示谦逊和关心他人的时刻。此处为“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”复合结构，“be”与宾语“the eating process”之间为主动关系，应用其现在分词形式作宾补。故填being。21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)题型32 非谓语动词
题型简介
非谓语动词填空是高考英语语法填空中实现句式结构复杂化与逻辑关系层次化的高阶题型。该题型要求学生突破简单“主语-谓语”框架，在句中同时处理多个动作或状态，并精准判断这些动作与句子主干之间的时间先后、逻辑主被动及功能目的关系，从而选用正确的非谓语形式（不定式、动名词、分词）进行表达。它绝非对语法规则的机械套用，而是对学生深入解构句子成分、辨识意群逻辑，并在此基础上有意识地进行复杂语言构建的综合性思维检验。
随着高考对长难句理解和地道书面表达要求的日益凸显，此类题目已成为区分学生语言能力的关键标尺。确保在此类考点上稳定发挥，对于学生攻克阅读理解难点、提升写作句式丰富度与逻辑严谨性具有决定性的意义，是学生从语言基础掌握迈向语言熟练运用的重要分水岭。该题型主要围绕三大核心维度展开考查：
1、形式选择与功能对应：在具体语境中，判断空格处所需的非谓语形式——表示目的、将来或具体一次性的动作常用不定式；表示泛指概念、功能或已完成的动作常用动名词；表示主动、进行或伴随状态用现在分词；表示被动或完成状态用过去分词。
2、逻辑主语与主被动关系：分析非谓语动词与其逻辑主语（可能是句子的主语、宾语或隐含主体）之间的关系。若为主动关系，视情况选用不定式主动式、动名词或现在分词；若为被动关系，则需选用不定式被动式、动名词的被动式或过去分词。
3、句法成分与语境融合：根据非谓语动词在句中所充当的成分（如主语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语），结合上下文的时间线索和逻辑语义，最终确定其最恰当的时态与语态形式（一般式、完成式、进行式等）。
这三方面的能力考查环环相扣，共同聚焦于学生能否跳出简单句的思维定式，运用非谓语动词这一核心语法手段，使多个信息点有机融合、逻辑分明，是衡量其英语思维能力是否成熟、语言运用是否接近本族语者水平的核心试金石。
设题类型&解题思路
核心定位：非谓语动词考查的本质，是测试学生能否在句子主干（主谓结构）之外，精准嵌入另一动作或状态，并明确其与句子核心间的逻辑关系。这要求学生在动态语境中，根据动作的发生时间、主被动语态和句法功能，在“to do”、“doing”和“done”三大形式中做出唯一正确的选择。它是衡量学生是否掌握英语复杂句构建思维的关键标尺。
考向01 To Do（动词不定式）——“目的、将来与具体行动”
核心功能：不定式核心表达目的、意愿、将来或将发生的具体一次动作。它强调动作的目标性、未完成性和潜在性。
设题类型与解题思路：
1. 作目的状语：当句中动作A是为了实现动作B时，B常用不定式。
判断：空格所在部分能译为“为了…”。
例题：He stood up ______ (make) himself heard.（他站起来是为了让大家听到他。）
解析：“站起来”的目的是“让大家听到”，表目的，用 to make。
2. 作宾语或宾补：在表示“希望、决定、安排、要求”等意义的动词后。
判断：空格前有 want, decide, plan, ask, tell, allow, expect 等动词。
例题：The teacher asked us ______ (finish) the work on time.
解析：ask sb. to do sth. 为固定结构，用 to finish。
3. 作后置定语：修饰名词，表示“要去做…的”。
判断：空格位于名词后，且该动作由该名词发出，且尚未发生。
例题：I have a lot of emails ______ (reply) to.
解析：“emails”是“回复”动作的对象，且动作待完成，用 to reply。
固定句型：It is + adj. + to do; too...to...; enough to...等。
解题口诀：“目的将来将要做，特定动词后面找；名词之后表未来，固定句型要记牢。”
考向02 Doing（现在分词/动名词）——“主动、进行与一般概念”
核心功能：
作为现在分词：表示主动、正在进行或伴随的状态，强调动作与主语间的主动关系和同时性。
作为动名词：将动作名词化，表示一般性、习惯性或已完成概念的活动。
设题类型与解题思路：
1. 作状语（分词功能）：表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随。
判断：主动关系是关键。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，且二者是主动关系（主语发出该动作）。
例题：______ (Work) hard, you will succeed. / He sat by the window, ______ (read) a book.
解析：前句“努力工作”与“你”是主动关系，表条件，用 Working。后句“读书”是“他”发出的主动伴随动作，用 reading。
2. 作定语（分词功能）：修饰名词，相当于一个主动的定语从句。
判断：被修饰的名词是分词动作的发出者。
例题：The girl ______ (stand) under the tree is my sister.
解析：“女孩”主动“站立”，用 standing。
3. 作宾语/主语（动名词功能）：
判断：
空格处于主语或及物动词后宾语的位置。
动词后：需记忆常接动名词的动词（如 enjoy, finish, avoid, practice, mind, suggest）。
介词后：介词后的动词必须用动名词。
例题：______ (Swim) is good for health. / He suggested ______ (go) there by bike.
解析：前句作主语，表一般性活动，用 Swimming。后句 suggest doing sth.，用 going。
解题口诀：“主动进行用doing，状定伴随逻辑清；动名好似一名词，主宾介词后边停。”
考向03 Done（过去分词）——“被动、完成与状态”
核心功能：过去分词核心表达被动、完成或某一动作结束后所形成的状态。它强调动作的承受性与完成性。
设题类型与解题思路：
1．作状语：表示时间、原因、条件、方式。
判断：被动关系是关键。分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语，且二者是被动关系（主语承受该动作）。
例题：______ (See) from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.
解析：“城市”是“被看”的对象，表被动，用 Seen。
2. 作定语：修饰名词，相当于一个被动的定语从句。
判断：被修饰的名词是分词动作的承受者。
例题：The bridge ______ (build) last year is now in use.
解析：“桥”是“被建造”的，用 built。
3. 作宾补：在感官动词或使役动词后，说明宾语的状态。
判断：see/hear/find/feel/make/have/get + 宾语 + done，表示宾语“被…”。
例题：I must have my computer ______ (repair).
解析：“电脑”需要“被修理”，用 repaired。
4. 构成完成时态或被动语态：与助动词have或be连用。
判断：空格前有 have/has/had 或 am/is/are/was/were。
解题口诀：“被动完成用done，状定补语意思明；名承受动即被动，状态完成助动行。”
综合解题思维导图：
面对非谓语动词填空题，建议遵循以下三步分析链：
定成分，明功能：分析空格在句中作何成分（状语、定语、宾语、补语等）。
找逻辑，判主被：确定空格动作与其逻辑主语（常为句子主语或被修饰名词）的关系是主动（用doing）还是被动（用done）。若表目的、将来或接特定动词，则考虑 to do。
联语境，定时态：结合上下文判断动作的相对时间（与谓语动作同时、在先或在后），以确认是否需要使用完成式（having done / to have done）等复杂形式。
考向01 动词不定式to do
【例1-1】(2026届江苏省镇江市实验高级中学、茅以升中学等高三上学期第二次模拟预测英语试题节选)
His trials were far from easy, but he refused 1 (postpone) his efforts.
【答案】to postpone
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他的试验绝非易事，但他拒绝推迟自己的努力。固定搭配refuse to do sth.意为“拒绝做某事”，后接动词不定式作宾语。故填to postpone。
【例1-2】(湖南省益阳市2025-2026学年高三上学期9月教学质量监测英语试题节选)
Once 2 poverty-stricken mountainous region, Jiangkou made tea its key industry in 2007, taking advantage of its favorable tea- growing conditions,……
【答案】to showcase
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：“我们从不错过在特殊平台上展示我们文化的机会 —— 这确实是我们最大的荣誉，”张晓欢说。这里考查opportunities to do sth，为固定搭配，意为“做某事的机会”，应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to showcase。
【例1-3】(2025届江苏省南通市崇川区高三上学期第一次调研考试英语试题节选)
Known as “leftover food blind boxes”, these innovative meal options provide a convenient and affordable way 3 (enjoy) delicious food while also reducing food waste.
【答案】to enjoy
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些创新的餐食选择被称为“剩食盲盒”，提供了一种方便又实惠的方式来享用美味食物，同时也减少了食物浪费。这里考查a way to do sth.，为固定搭配，意为“做某事的方式”，应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to enjoy。
【变式1-1】（2026届湖南省郴州市高三上学期第一次教学质量监测英语试题节选）
In Tijuca National Park in Rio de Janeiro, there stands a “Chinese Pavilion”. It was constructed 1 (honour) 19th-century Chinese immigrants who boosted Brazil’s tea industry.
【变式1-2】（2026届湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州高三上学期一模英语试题节选）
The three-day World Humanoid Robot Games, the first large-scale global event of its kind, officially kicked off in Beijing, China, on Friday, August 15, 2025. It has drawn widespread attention as a historic opportunity 2 (display) humanoid robot technology.
【变式1-3】（2026届广东省部分学校高三上学期1月学科测试英语试题节选）
This innovative (innovate) treat combines Inner Mongolia’s age-old naipizi tradition with tanghulu, 3 beloved candied fruit snack.
考向02 现在分词doing
【例2-1】(2026届浙江省嘉兴市高三上学期一模英语试题节选)
1 (mark) the first time a wind turbine has been used for housing, Nestle is an ambitious (ambition) demonstration of the possibilities of up-cycling, says Jos de Krieger, co-founder of the company behind the project.
【答案】 Marking
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该项目背后公司的联合创始人乔斯·德·克里格表示，这是首次将涡轮机用于住宅建设，Nestle是一个雄心勃勃的范例，展示了升级改造的可能性。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词，此处表示“作为首次将涡轮机用于住宅建设”，与主语Nestle之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Marking。
【例2-2】(浙江省绍兴市柯桥区2025-2026学年高三上学期高考科目适应性考试英语试题节选)
Many other interesting terms made the shortlist. “Clanker” is a British slang word for robots or AI, 2 (carry) a somewhat negative meaning. “Broligarchy” means a small group of rich men with significant political influence.
【答案】carrying
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：“Clanker”是英式俚语，指机器人或人工智能，带有些许负面含义。句子已有谓语动词is，此处用非谓语动词作伴随状语，carry与逻辑主语Clanker是主动关系，故填carrying。
【例2-3】(2026届浙江省北斗星盟高三一模英语试题节选)
The Song Dynasty poet Li Qingzhao found profound meaning in nature’s small changes, 3 (reveal) the extraordinary in ordinary life.
【答案】revealing
【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：宋代女词人李清照从自然的细微变化中探寻深刻的意义，于平凡生活中发掘不凡的价值。此处为非谓语动词作状语，Li Qingzhao与reveal为主动关系，用现在分词revealing。故填revealing。
【变式2-1】(2026届江苏省镇江市实验高级中学、茅以升中学等高三上学期第二次模拟预测英语试题节选)
He conducted thousands of experiments, 1 (ignore) the failures and criticisms along the way.
【变式2-2】(湖南省益阳市2025-2026学年高三上学期9月教学质量监测英语试题节选)
2 (wear) golden headbands symbolizing the legendary Monkey King, China’s artistic swimmers brought the myth to life in a powerful Wukong-inspired routine to win gold in the team technical event at the 2025 World Aquatics Championships last Tuesday.
【变式2-3】(2025届江苏省南通市崇川区高三上学期第一次调研考试英语试题节选)
Inspired by videos posted by Chinese creators living abroad that/who shared their experiences, Chinese consumers and businesses have quickly accepted the idea, 3 (lead) to similar operations in major Chinese cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Chengdu.
考向03 过去分词done
【例3-1】(2026届湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州高三上学期一模英语试题节选)
Over 500 humanoid robots, representing (represent) 280 teams from 16 countries including the US, Germany and Japan, are competing in a range of sports such as soccer, running and boxing. 1 (operate) remotely by their human teams, these robots not only compete for gold medals but also undergo tests
【答案】Operated
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些机器人由人类操作团队远程操控，它们不仅会参加比赛争夺金牌，还会在26项赛事中接受灵活性和技能方面的测试，包括体操、田径、武术等等。逻辑主语these robots与动词operate之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式；位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Operated。
【例3-2】（2026届湖南省高三上学期阶段性检测（二）英语试题节选）
To date, Chinese scientists have partnered 145 researchers from 10 countries, exploring nine hadal trenches worldwide, the Mariana, the Kermadec and Puysegur trenches 2 (include).
【答案】included
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：截至目前，中国科学家已与来自 10 个国家的 145 名研究人员开展合作，探索了全球 9 条超深渊海沟，包括马里亚纳海沟、克马德克海沟及普伊塞古尔海沟等。此处为“逻辑主语+过去分词”构成的独立主格结构，the Mariana, the Kermadec and Puysegur trenches与include之间是被动关系，故用过去分词included。故填included。
【例3-3】(2026届广东省江门市二模英语试题节选)
The “silver economy” refers to economic (economy) activities catering to the needs of the elderly, including products and services 3 (design) for their lifestyles.
【答案】designed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：“银发经济”指的是满足老年人需求的经济活动，包括为他们的生活方式设计的产品和服务。products and services与design是动宾关系，应用过去分词designed，作后置定语。故填designed。
【变式3-1】（重庆市2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中调研考试英语试题节选）
The quern is one of more than 220 objects from Shanghai Cooperation Organization member countries 1 (show) in the exhibition, which works to celebrate (celebrate) cultural differences and advance mutual (互相的)understanding.
【变式3-2】（2026届浙江省嘉兴市高三上学期一模英语试题节选）
Nestle is made from a retired, 20-year-old turbine 2 (donate) by a Dutch company that purchases used turbines for reuse.
【变式3-3】（2025届江苏省南通市崇川区高三上学期第一次调研考试英语试题节选）
…….. Some boxes contain pre-packed meals 3 (base) on a store’s sales before the evening, while others allow customers (customer) to choose from what still remains in the store around closing time.
A
（2026届西南名校联盟“3 +3+3”高考备考诊断性联考（一）英语试卷）
Gao Fenglin, a master craftsman in China, has worked on aerospace engines for over 30 years. 1 a senior technician, he ensures the precision of engine components, which affects spacecraft safety.
Once, Gao 2 (task) with welding a key rocket part. The tolerance was only 0.01 mm. He practiced 3 (control) his breath and movements for days. 4 (meet) the standard, he made a detailed plan and succeeded. His dedication inspires 5 new generation. He says, “We must pass skills on.” He has trained over 100 young technicians, many of 6 have become team backbones.
His story shows that ordinary people can 7 (true) achieve great things. Today, at the age of 50, Gao still works on the factory floor every day with the same enthusiasm he had on his first day, 8 (surround) by tools used for decades.
For young people, Gao is more than a craftsman — he is a role model. His experience teaches us that success comes from continuous improvement and unwavering passion. Whether in aerospace or any other field, the spirit of “craftsman” helps us build a stronger and 9 (prosper) country.
We should all learn from Gao Fenglin: love our work, pursue 10 (excellent), and achieve our dreams with hard work.
B
（2025届东北三省精准教学高三下学期三模联考英语试题）
A groundbreaking program introducing Chinese music to Maltese youth through pipa lessons 1 (launch) at St. Ignatius College Handaq Middle School this March, marking 2 first time that a Maltese school has offered systematic pipa training, reflecting Malta’s growing interest in cross-cultural exchanges.
Organized 3 (joint) by the China Cultural Center and the school, the initiative has enrolled over 20 students. Young artist Guo Mei, a recipient of multiple national music awards, serves 4 the instructor and teaches basic techniques every Friday afternoon, citing classical pieces like Ambush from Ten Sides(《十面埋伏》) as teaching examples.
“Our 5 (commit) to cultural diversity finds perfect expression here,” said school principal Maria Montebello at the launch ceremony. She added that this partnership would deepen China-Malta cultural understanding, 6 (expect) more students to join next term.
Student Serena Galazzo shared her fascination: “The pipa’s pear-shaped body is unique. Learning it feels like unlocking ancient musical codes.” Though aware of 7 (challenge), she vowed to persist.
“Its tones carry mysterious oriental charm,” said Mariah Mizzi, 8 previously listened to pipa melodies during local Spring Festival events. Her upcoming trip to China will help enrich her musical interpretations.
The initiative is part of the “Chinese Music Linking the Future” campaign, a 9 (globe) effort by China cultural centers overseas to share traditional instruments. By integrating ancient musical heritage with modern teaching methods, the lessons aim 10 (bridge) Eastern and Western cultural heritages.
C
（2025届河北省唐山市高三下学期第二次模拟演练英语试题）
Liu Jiakun, the respected Chinese architect, has been awarded the 2025 Pritzker Architecture Prize, recognizing his efforts 1 (bridge) tradition and modernity. The Pritzker judges praised Liu for his deep respect for culture, history, and nature.
Liu's journey in architecture has been shaped by deep personal experiences and cultural influences. As a child, he would climb to the rooftop and gaze (凝视) over traditional wooden 2 ( home) . This early fascination with the built environment laid the foundation for his architectural philosophy 3 (root) in memory, place, and transformation. Yet, his path was not always certain. After finishing school, he thought about quitting architecture completely, but an inspiring exhibition by a former classmate put 4 on a path to change modern Chinese architecture.
Central to Liu's work is the idea that identity is both personal and collective. He revisits tradition as a “springboard (跳板) for innovation,” seeking to integrate the past 5 modern technology.
A defining metaphor of Liu's philosophy is his desire to be “like water”, which 6 (adapt) to the local environment without setting a fixed form. He envisions architecture as an organic process, one that absorbs the spirit of a place and grows 7 (natural) over time. “The water gradually solidifies, ” he writes, “transforming into architecture, and perhaps even into the highest form of human spiritual 8 (create) . ”
In a global context 9 architecture is struggling to find sufficient responses to fast-developing social and environmental challenges, Liu Jiakun has provided 10 (convince) answers that celebrate the everyday lives of people as well as their social and spiritual identities.
D
（湖南省永州市第一中学2025-2026学年高一上学期拓展研学（四）英语试题）
Regular exercise can increase your body’s energy expenditure and it is also a great way 1 (improve) your productivity throughout the day. The increased energy levels that occur as 2 result of exercise are also likely to lead to more active habits throughout the day, such as taking the stairs rather than the lift, or 3 (walk) to speak to workmates instead 4 emailing. This increased 5 (activity) will then bring physical and mental benefits.
Physical activity can help us to improve the length and the quality of our sleep, 6 will in turn make further contributions to our health and wellbeing. While there is no absolute figure we should aim for in terms of sleep time, most people will find that they fall somewhere between 6-9 hours a night. Quality is 7 (certain) more important than quantity.
Regular physical activity can help us to manage life’s stress much 8 (well) as a skill to take our attention away. As discussed, exercise can help you achieve a more positive outlook as well as improving sleep quality, both of which are important in managing stress . Also, it is thought 9 exercise can help to improve our ability to make the control centers in our brain and the nervous system active, which is very 10 (help) when we are under stress.
E
（湖南省湘潭县第一中学2025-2026学年高一上学期1月月考英语试题）
To the frequently 1 (ask) question, “What’s your favourite film ”, my answer is Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon. It has won many awards, including 2 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. It has also enabled Western audiences 3 (have) a better understanding of Chinese culture.
You must be familiar with the exciting fighting scene on top of a bamboo forest in Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon. With the aid of the computer, 4 (scene) like this could have been made in the studio. However, the film’s director, Ang Lee, 5 (prefer) to have actors perform on location. He believed this approach 6 film-making would create a “human connection” 7 can not be achieved with CGI special effects.
In addition to the 63. 8 (amaze) martial arts, the film also took advantage of China’s beautiful mountains, forests and deserts. Actually, it 9 (shoot) in different locations all around the country. All these factors 10 (genuine) contributed to the film’s success.
F
（湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期月考试卷（五） 英语试题）
Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge, which officially opened on 28 September, is another engineering wonder in China.
Soaring 625 meters above the Beipan River, the Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge stretches 1,420 meters, making it stand 1 the world’s longest steel truss-girder (桁架大梁) suspension bridge. 91 pairs of hangers — the “suspenders”, strung vertically, 2 (space) 15.4 meters apart to hold up the long four-lane bridge deck. This structure dramatically shortens travel time across the canyon. 3 once took more than two hours by road can now be crossed in just 2 minutes.
Built across the deep canyon, the bridge was constructed in one of the 4 (tough) environments. Engineers overcame immense difficulties 5 (base) on advanced technologies like drones, satellite navigation and ultrahigh strength materials, allowing for millimeter-level 6 (precise) in construction at extreme altitudes.
Lin Guoquan, who runs a nearby guesthouse, posted on social media his business was fully booked 7 that there were now hundreds of people every day at a viewing platform, to 8 he used to drive guests. Authorities hope it will attract more tourists to the region with viewing platforms, a glass lift to the top of all the 9 (arch) and a glass walkway for visitors 10 (admire) the canyon below.
G
（浙江省余姚中学2025-2026学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题）
Have you ever heard of “city by city” It’s an internet buzzword 1 (coin) by a foreign blogger named Baobaoxiong during his visit to the Great Wall in Beijing. The phrase questions 2 a place has the fashionable atmosphere of a big city.
Millions of foreigners, like Baobaoxiong, are now exploring China, and their travel vlogs 3 (go) viral online recently. This trend is partly due to the 72-hour and 144-hour visa-free transit (过 境) policy, 4 allows travelers from 54 countries to explore China for up to six days without needing a visa if they have a valid travel document 5 a connecting ticket for departure within 72 or 144 hours.
Aiming for high-level opening-up, this policy has helped boost tourism in China. When first 6 (introduce) in 2013, the visa-free transit policy only applied 7 seven big cities like Beijing and Shanghai and allowed just 72 hours of stay. Now, it covers 41 exit-entry ports across 19 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities (直 辖 市), expanding to 144 hours. China has also made it 8 (easy) for foreign visitors by improving mobile payment accessibility and the visa application process.
Seeing is believing. The policy not only brings convenience for foreign travelers but also invites them 9 (experience) everyday life in China. It’s a great chance for them to rethink Western media’ s stereotypical (刻板的) 10 (describe) of China.
H
（2025届湘豫名校联考高三下学期第四次模拟英语试题）
Rising Global Appeal of the Chinese Language
When China has expanded its visa-free offerings, tens of millions of travelers are entering the country, and first-time visitors are seen 1 (eager)communicating on the streets, using translation apps, limited Mandarin, and a mix of English and body language when 2 (need).
Such exchanges and interactions have become increasingly widespread. Suddenly, the Chinese language is gaining popularity 3 people of various skin colors and hair colors. This shift has surprised many Chinese, 4 spent years struggling to pronounce English and navigating its complex grammar, often at their parents' insistence, in order to access better 5 (university) and job opportunities. Now, the tables may be turned.
Experts highlight China's increasing influence as a key factor behind the rising popularity of its language. While many foreigners once 6 (learn) Chinese out of curiosity about the country's rich history and culture, today,
China's national 7 (strong) has sparked a broader interest in all things related to it.
With China's increasing global importance, more people than ever before want to learn Chinese language. For most people, however, one does not have to be 8 expert in the language to get to know the country and the people. Genuine interest can be a powerful motivator in 9 (it). Adding to the growing appeal of the Chinese language, China has recently produced a wealth of games, novels and TV series that are hard 10 (put) down.
I
（2025届山西省高三下学期4月联考二模英语试题）
Chinese Chess, also known as Xiangqi, is a timeless board game in Chinese culture. The exact origin of Chinese Chess remains a topic of debate among scholars, but many believe the game with 32 pieces 1 (invent) to mirror the battle at the Hong Canal during the Chu-Han Period. Initially 2 game for the upper class, Chinese Chess rapidly gained popularity and eventually spread throughout Chinese society. However, it was not until the end of the Northern Song Dynasty 3 Chinese Chess evolved into its finalized pattern—the chessboard with Boundary River as well as the rules of the game.
Far more than a form of entertainment, Chinese Chess serves 4 a profound mental exercise. The game combines elements of strategy, calculation and prediction, thus 5 (promote) people’s logical thinking, planning and tactics as well as character cultivation. There are many sayings in Chinese culture that 6 (direct) reflect the spirit of chess. For example, a Chinese saying “watching without telling, a true gentleman” indicates that people with good manners or qualities should simply observe what is going on without giving unasked-for advice 7 (show) respect for others.
As a cultural treasure meant for all, Chinese Chess is going 8 (globe). It is now enjoyed by over a billion fans, most of 9 are in China, Vietnam, Singapore and other Asian countries. Chinese Chess tournaments at the regional and international levels take place in the world every year. Technological innovations, such as online platforms and mobile applications, are enabling 10 (enthusiast) to connect, compete and communicate with each other regardless of geographic barriers. Young generations of chess players continue to carry the torch with shared passion.
J
（2025届浙江省杭州市高三下学期二模英语试题）
Food plays a significant role in classic Chinese novels, with one of the most famous examples being Cao Xueqin’s Dream of the Red Chamber. In this 18th-century novel, food is a key part of the story, revealing details about characters 1 advancing the plot. The book’s most famous dish, a 2 (prepare) of eggplant called qiexiang (茄鲞), is a rich dish that requires 3 (day) to prepare, involving steaming eggplant ten times in soup made from old hens. The dish overwhelms the family’s poor relatives, first with envy, and later with terrible discomfort in stomachs.
The novel provides ample inspiration to today’s cooks. Food bloggers go viral with attempts 4 (recreate) the book’s most famous dishes. “Red Chamber Banquets” pop up in theme restaurants across China, and indeed worldwide, with the dishes plated in Michelin style.
While most foods 5 (serve) in the novel are made with high skill, they are made with only a few simple seasonal ingredients. In China’s culinary culture, humble ingredients 6 (prize) because they are in season. A relative 7 brags (吹嘘) about enjoying food out of season is later revealed to have a dangerously violent temper. A “bad apple,” one might say.
Like all great literature, the enduring popularity of Dream of the Red Chamber comes from 8 (it) many layers of meaning. Readers can appreciate it more than 9 an engaging story. The same can also be said about the food. When we read about it, we can admire the cooking art, mine 10 text for historical clues, or seek double meanings in every “bite”.
K
（2026届浙江省宁波市镇海区镇海中学高三首考模拟考试英语试题）
In 1991, when Elena Pantaleoni first walked into La Stoppa, 1 historic wine factory founded in the late 1800s and set among the rolling hills of northern Italy, she felt an immediate responsibility to the land. “My role was not to impose a new vision; the inspiration came from understanding that this place already possessed everything it needed — character, strength and a clear voice — and my task was 2 (simple) to align the work with that truth,” she recalls.
She dedicated herself with all her heart 3 organic farming and eliminated synthetic chemicals, believing that respecting the life of the soil was inseparable from respecting the people 4 (connect) to it. To her, wine is culture, ethics and the expression of agricultural labor. “It is not merely a drink but a way of life, built on respect for the land, alignment with the seasons, 5 the preservation of farming traditions,” she says.
Over the decades, Pantaleoni 6 (witness) a shift in the winemaking world: women entering the field on their own terms. “Today, women are visible, respected and increasingly 7 (influence),” she says. For the next generation of female winemakers, her guidance is simple: stay close to the vineyard. “If you understand that wine is a medium through 8 we can express culture, then your work will find its direction.”
Pantaleoni sees a shared sensibility between Italy’s wine traditions and China’s long agricultural heritage. “We both guide nature with a patient hand, whether crafting wine or tea, understanding that true quality cannot 9 (rush).” Her wines, she says, are meant to speak honestly of their origins; something she hopes resonates with Chinese drinkers. “If guests in China can taste the 10 (honest), if they can sense the landscape behind the glass — the agricultural work, the seasons, the long patience of the wine’s aging in the cellar — then the wine has fulfilled its purpose.”
L
（江苏省南京师范大学附属中学联考2025-2026学年高三上学期月考英语试题）
Dining customs often provide an insight into a culture’s values. In the West, a separate meal for each person is a common practice. Even at a banquet, people take 1 they like for themselves rather than sharing dishes. With ever-widening opening up to the outside world, this Western culinary (烹饪的) practice has influenced China to a certain extent, 2 has not basically changed the eating habits of the Chinese people.
In the eyes of the Chinese, what is important about eating, especially at festivals, is to eat in a certain atmosphere and with certain sentiments (情感). In the process, the old and young sit 3 the order of seniority, talking and laughing in a joyous atmosphere, 4 the elders select food for the young, and the young make toasts to the elders. It is a lively, warm and harmonious family 5 (reunite). A hostess or host in China would distribute the dishes to treat guests. Using a pair of serving chopsticks, she or he offers the best part of 6 (fry) fish to the most important guest, 7 custom which expresses respect, concern and hospitality and is still popular among elder Chinese.
Such culinary customs 8 (have) a certain influence on the character of the Chinese people since ancient times. In a sense, it has strengthened the 9 (collect) spirit of the nation. At a party or a banquet, everyone first takes into consideration the needs of the group, with the eating process also 10 (be) a time to show humility and concern for others. This is different from Western eating habits, which pay more attention to individual needs.21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)

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