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汕头市金山中学 2024 级高二第二学期期中考试
英语科试卷
本试卷满分 120 分，用时 120 分钟。
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 50 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分）
阅读下列四篇短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
With such a strong artistic heritage, it’s no surprise that England knocks it out of the park when it comes to world-class art galleries. These are the galleries you need to add to your
must-visit list.
Royal Academy of Arts (RA), London
Not your standard gallery, the Royal Academy of Arts is led by artists to promote not just the appreciation of art, but its practice. It is world-famous for hosting some exhibitions that get
everyone talking. Besides, what sets the RA apart is its engagement with the public through
participatory (参与式的) experiences, allowing visitors to not only view art but become part ofit in innovative ways.
Yorkshire Sculpture Park, West Yorkshire
Tearing up the rulebook when it comes to how we traditionally view art, the Yorkshire
Sculpture Park tries to break down barriers by showing works from British and international artists in the open air. Set in hundreds of acres (of West Yorkshire parkland, you’ll see sculptures by
some of the leading artists of the 20th century.
Whitworth, Manchester
After a sky-high 15 million development, the Whitworth is becoming one of the premier galleries in the north of England. Making full use of its picturesque park setting, the gallery has a beautiful art garden and a sculpture terrace (露天平台), all waiting to be explored. Inside the
gallery, you can view an exciting programme of ever-changing exhibitions.
1 ．What is special about Royal Academy of Arts
A ．It occupies a vast space in the museum.
B ．It holds exhibitions in a traditional way.
C ．It offers interactive experiences.
D ．It displays works by senior artists.
2 ．What do Yorkshire Sculpture Park and Whitworth have in common
A ．They host exhibitions on an annual basis.
B ．They are small in scale.
C ．They feature modern works.
D ．They offer outdoor settings.
3 ．Where is the text probably taken from
A ．A travel guidebook. B ．A film magazine.
C ．A history book. D ．A science report.
B
Amina’s lungs burned as she reached the summit of the hill, her feet pounding against the unfamiliar pavement of her new hometown. As she ran, memories flashed through her mind.
Six months earlier, Amina had fled her war-torn homeland. When she finally reached this small town in a country whose language she barely spoke, she felt more out of place than ever. That first week, she had hardly left her tiny apartment. But on the eighth day, driven by a
restlessness she couldn’t shake, Amina laced up her worn running shoes and stepped outside.
At first, she ran to escape — from the memories, from the pitying looks of her new neighbors. But with each day and each mile, something began to shift. The rhythmic pounding of her feet
became a way to process the hurt she’d endured and the challenges that lay ahead. Weeks later, Amina had explored every street of her new town. She started recognizing faces on her runs: the elderly man waving from his porch, the smiling mother pushing a stroller. One day, to her
surprise, she found herself waving back.
Now, as Amina pushed up the last hill of her route, she realized how far she’d come. Running had become her lifeline, a way to bridge the gap between her past and her present. When she
approached the entrance of her apartment building, she noticed her English teacher, Mrs.
Thompson, standing with several other runners from the community. They held a banner reading,
“Walnut Grove Running Club.”
Mrs. Thompson stepped forward, smiling warmly. “Amina, we’ve seen you running every day. We wondered if you’d like to join our club.”
Amina felt a lump form in her throat. She nodded, a smile spreading across her face. “Yes,”
she said, her accent still thick but her voice strong. As the group cheered and welcomed her,
Amina realized she had been running through more than just physical borders. With each step, she had been crossing the boundaries of fear, isolation, and hurt.
4 ．What can we learn about Amina
A ．She spoke the local language fluently.
B ．She missed her motherland very much.
C ．She was a distance runner at home.
D ．She left her hometown because of war.
5 ．What initially motivated Amina to start running
A ．To explore her new hometown.
B ．To escape her internal struggles.
C ．To attract her new neighbor’s attention.
D ．To prepare for a running club.
6 ．What does the underlined words “waving back” in paragraph 3 imply about Amina
A ．She began engaging with people. B ．She had learned the local customs.
C ．She tried to meet others’ expectations. D ．She wanted to impress Mrs. Thompson.
7 ．Which can be the best title for the text
A ．Running Toward a Peaceful Life B ．Overcoming Pain Through Sports
C ．Running Through Borders D ．Breaking Barriers in a New Country
C
When instant cake mixes first appeared in the 1950s, American housewives were doubtful. These mixes, promising easy cake-baking, felt too easy. The manufacturers discovered that
requiring the addition of an egg in the baking process was just enough to make the housewives happy with their work. The greater sense of effort gained from a little extra labor is believed to have been essential to the later success of the cake mix.
This reflects the IKEA effect (宜家效应), which is identified by psychologist Michael I.
Norton and his colleagues, suggesting we place greater value on things we have worked to create. They conducted four studies in which they asked participants to fold paper cranes and frogs,
assemble IKEA boxes, and build sets of Legos. They then asked the builders to bid (出价) for their creations, and compared the prices with bids from people who hadn’t built them. The
builders consistently outbid the non-builders.
Interestingly, the IKEA effect works even when people have no opportunity to fully
personalize their creations. While most participants’ folding skills left much to be desired, they loved their imperfectly personalized products all the more. Builders valued their wrinkled
crane-like creations nearly five times as much as non-builders. Beauty, it seems, is in the eye of the builder.
Today, as cities are suffering from severe housing crises, the IKEA effect can give us
insight into the well-being benefits of a self-building approach to housing development. Projects like WikiHouse and the “half-a-house” approach pioneered by Alejandro Aravena’s architecture company Elemental are working to make housing more affordable and sustainable by making it easier for people to build and personalize their own homes.
“The moment people are involved with their built environment, they have a totally different relationship to it,” WikiHouse co-founder Alastair Parvin explained. “When the roof starts leaking or a door starts creaking, they have the power to fix it themselves.”
8 ．What brought customers the joy of cake-baking according to paragraph 1
A ．A better taste. B ．An easy approach.
C ．A detailed recipe. D ．An additional effort.
9 ．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 imply
A ．Creations are based on skills. B ．Extra labor increases perceived value.
C ．Beauty is found through contrast. D ．Strict management brings good quality.
10 ．What is Alastair Parvin’s attitude towards public involvement in housing
A ．Critical. B ．Objective. C ．Doubtful. D ．Supportive.
11 ．What’s the purpose of this text
A ．To promote a brand. B ．To make a proposal.
C ．To explain a concept. D ．To introduce a study.
D
Have you ever noticed how some people seem to handle difficulties calmly while others let small problems ruin their entire day This difference often comes down to how we respond to
challenges. American social psychologist Leon Festinger proposed a famous theory later known as “Festinger’s Law”, which states that 10 percent of life’s events are beyond your control, but 90
percent are within your control.
To explain this, let’s examine two responses to an event. Imagine a business professional who has an important presentation. On the way to work, they spill (洒) coffee on his shirt. If he reacts with depression, rushes angrily, and arrives hurriedly, his presentation may suffer from
failure to concentrate. Now, consider an alternative response: he calmly cleans up, changes clothes, and uses the extra time to review his notes. The initial problem is the same, but the outcomes differ dramatically because of his reactions.
The influences ofFestinger’s Law extend beyond individual situations to interpersonal
relationships as well. In family conflicts, for instance, an unpleasant response to a minor
disagreement can increase tensions, while a patient, understanding approach often leads to
resolution. Similarly, in team projects, how members respond to setbacks — whether with blame or constructive problem-solving — can determine the group’s ultimate success.
What makes this principle particularly significant is its universal applicability. Whether
dealing with academic pressures, workplace challenges, or personal relationships, the common
point is that our reactions often matter more than the problems themselves. By cultivating (培养) self-awareness and emotional control, we can significantly improve our ability to settle life’s
unavoidable difficulties.
Developing this skill requires practice. It involves pausing before reacting, assessing
situations objectively, and consciously choosing productive responses. Over time, this approach becomes habitual, leading to better outcomes and reduced stress. Festinger’s Law ultimately
teaches us while we can’t control everything that happens to us, we can always control how we respond — and that makes all the difference.
12 ．Why does the author ask a question at the beginning
A ．To rate readers’ psychology knowledge.
B ．To create readers’ connection to the topic.
C ．To present a common social phenomenon.
D ．To look forward to responses from readers.
13 ．What is the main lesson from the coffee spill example
A ．Opportunity favors the prepared mind.
B ．Plans should be made for potential problems.
C ．Ignoring minor issues can lead to bigger ones.
D ．Positive reactions weigh over the problem itself
14 ．What is the significance ofFestinger’s Law
A ．It helps people cultivate awareness and emotional control.
B ．It encourages us to focus on the things we can’t control.
C ．It provides useful guidance for different tough situations.
D ．It suggests most problems are less serious than they seem.
15 ．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A ．The benefits of reducing stress.
B ．The impact of immediate reactions.
C ．The desire to control personal feelings.
D ．The way to practice Festinger’s Law.
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Have you ever thought that taking short breaks during a walk could actually help you burn more calories
Scientists have discovered that short bursts of activity can burn more energy than
continuous exercise. For example, several groups of quick walks or stair climbs for just 10 to 30 seconds use 20% to 60% more energy than walking nonstop for the same
distance. 16 Similar to a car using more fuel when starting a journey, our body works
harder at the beginning of any movement. This is because it needs to warm up our muscles and get into a rhythm. These short bursts of activity might not last long, but they require a lot of energy.
17 As someone who sits most of the day, I used to think exercise meant hours at the gym. But when I tried replacing my afternoon coffee breaks with three 90-second stair climbs, something surprising happened. 18 My body adjusted to the activity, and what once felt like a struggle gradually turned into a manageable routine. As this happened, I unexpectedly felt more focused and energized throughout the day. These “exercise snacks” fit well into my busy
schedule, proving that working out doesn’t require large blocks of time.
19 Every stair climb or short walk wakes up the body. Health isn’t built in a day at the gym—it’s made through small, consistent actions. Simply replace one of your usual sitting
breaks with just a single minute of walking, and you’ll be amazed at how small actions can reshape your physical vitality. 20
A ．Now I see fitness differently.
B ．Every step counts, no matter how short it is!
C ．This finding matches perfectly with my own experience.
D ．This happens because the body needs extra energy to start moving.
E ．Actually, short exercise breaks can increase your energy consumption.
F ．At first, even 20 seconds left me breathless, but over time, it became easier.
G ．The more time and effort you put into exercise, the more calories you will burn.
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Last spring, Clara and I teamed up for a school geology project studying unusual rock
formations on Pine Hill. with notebooks and basic tools, we set off eagerly, that this adventure would teach us more than just about rocks.
The first two days went smoothly. We stone patterns and recorded colour
variations. Clara’s artistic abilities well with my systematic data collection skills.
However, on Wednesday morning, struck. While climbing to our usual observation
spot, I tripped, sending our measurement rolling down the hillside. My heart sank as we watched our only compass (指南针) disappear into thick bushes.
“Without those tools...” I said, frustration choking my voice. “Wait,” Clara interrupted,
the afternoon shadows stretching across the rocks. “Remember what Mr. Evans taught about using markers ” Her eyes lit up with an idea.
We spent the afternoon . Clara tracked shadow lengths while I compared rock
layers. When shadows proved , we used fern (蕨类植物) growth patterns as directional guides. Sometimes we argued, but our ideas came together like building blocks. By
Friday, we’d created a(n) mapping system using nature’s clues.
Our final presentation surprised everyone. The teachers our creative method, but the real reward was discovering how different ideas combined to create .
That evening, Clara showed me her project journal. Beside rock sketches, she’d written: “Stones survive storms through . So do good teams.”
21 ．A ．Armed B ．Burdened C ．Linked D ．Rewarded
22 ．A ．proud B ．doubtful C ．unaware D ．worried
23 ．A ．tested B ．designed C ．followed D ．drew
24 ．A ．developed B ．balanced C ．replaced D ．competed
25 ．A ．conflict B ．disaster C ．chance D ．inspiration
26 ．A ．ropes B ．books C ．notes D ．tools
27 ．A ．pointing at B ．marking down C ．running after D ．blocking out
28 ．A ．colorful B ．written C ．natural D ．hidden
29 ．A ．reflecting B ．experimenting C ．planning D ．wandering
30 ．A ．helpful B ．dangerous C ．unreliable D ．interesting
31 ．A ．suddenly B ．occasionally C ．frequently D ．gradually
32 ．A ．interactive B ．imaginary C ．alternative D ．advanced
33 ．A ．tested B ．improved C ．selected D ．praised
34 ．A ．connections B ．stories C ．solutions D ．presentations
35 ．A ．luck B ．unity C ．silence D ．speed
第二节 （共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, one of the top ten ancient Chinese paintings, shows
the prosperity of Bianjing, the capital of the Song Dynasty. This national treasure was created by Zhang Zeduan, 36 native of Shandong Province who studied painting in his early years in Bianjing.
The ancient painting, 37 (measure) 528 centimeters long and 24.8 centimeters wide, is noted for its reasonable arrangement and perfect 38 (compose). With the painting
gradually unfolded, the first thing 39 (catch) the eye is the early spring scenery outside
Bianjing streams, bridges, boats and sprouting (发芽) trees. Some travelers are hurrying on their way in the thin fog, presenting a typical picture of the Qingming Festival.
At the end of the country road comes the middle part — the Bianhe River. The arched bridge stands like a rainbow over the river where streams of people are wandering. Under the bridge 40 (be) many boats competing for the right of way.
The last part is the crowded and noisy downtown, 41 the streets are lined with
government mansions, residential courtyards, workshops, teahouses and grocery stores witnessing people from all walks of life going about various business. So 42 (incredible) alive does
the painting look that it seems as if we could see the people walking by and hear ___43___ they are talking about.
Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival serves as a bridge ___44___ the Song Dynasty, providing very 45 (value) materials for future generations to understand and study Chinese people’s economic and social life over 800 years ago.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分 40 分）
第一节（满分 15 分）
46 ．假定你是李华，你校英文报“Teens”栏目正在策划一期“青少年健康” 的专题。请你根据学校近期对学生睡眠情况的调查结果（图表），以“A Wake-up Call for Insufficient Sleep”为题，写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1.图表反映的问题；
2.你的看法。
注意：
1.写作词数应为 80 左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A Wake-up Call for Insufficient Sleep
第二节（满分 25 分）
47 ．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As the school year wrapped up and the first days of summer vacation stretched out before
them, Max, Ava, and Sam had a perfect day planned at their usual community park. This tidy little park was their go - to spot for unwinding and just enjoying some precious leisure time.
Max rushed ahead with a soccer ball under his arm, Ava and Sam trailing closely behind, full of energy. It was the kind of day that promised endless fun and carefree laughter. But as they stepped into the park, their heart sank. The once - beloved playground was now a chaotic mess of discarded trash (乱扔的垃圾) — candy wrappers stuck in the slide’s metal bars, plastic bottles
rolling in the wind, and chip bags lying underfoot.
“Look at this!” Ava shouted in disbelief as she pointed to the garbage near the swings.
Max’s face darkened with frustration. The three friends stood frozen, their eyes scanning
the playground area. The once clean slides and swings were now buried under a layer of candy
wrappers and plastic bottles. Ava cast a glance (瞥一眼) at the walking trails, where garbage
seemed to have taken over, with discarded bags and cans lying everywhere. Sam looked out at the grassy fields — a disaster. The park was vast, but every corner seemed to have been touched by
the carelessness of others.
“Who would be so thoughtless ” Max whispered, shaking his head.
Sam kicked a plastic bottle in anger, sending it flying across the grass. “It’s not just thoughtless — it’s disrespectful.”
Ava sighed thoughtfully but suddenly her face lit up. “We can’t just leave it like this. Why don’t we do something about it We can, say, form a Cleanup Squad (清洁小分队) ” she said, her voice soft but determined.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为 150 左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Max and Sam exchanged an excited glance.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Unexpectedly, other parkgoers joined in as they did the cleanup.
1 ．C 2 ．D 3 ．A
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三个游客必看的英国艺术画廊。
1 ．细节理解题。根据 Royal Academy of Arts (RA), London 部分中“It is world-famous for
hosting some exhibitions that get everyone talking. Besides, what sets the RA apart is its
engagement with the public through participatory experiences, allowing visitors to not only view art but become part ofit in innovative ways.(它以举办一些让每个人都在谈论的展览而闻名于世。此外，RA 的独特之处在于它通过参与式体验与公众互动，让参观者不仅可以观看艺术，还可以以创新的方式成为艺术的一部分)”可知，皇家艺术学院的特别之处在于它提供的是一种互动体验。故选 C。
2 ．细节理解题。根据 Yorkshire Sculpture Park, West Yorkshire 部分中“Tearing up the
rulebook when it comes to how we traditionally view art, the Yorkshire Sculpture Park tries to
break down barriers by showing works from British and international artists in the open air.(当谈到我们传统上如何看待艺术时，约克郡雕塑公园尝试打破规则，通过在露天展示英国和国际艺术家的作品，努力打破障碍)”和 Whitworth, Manchester 部分中“Making full use of its
picturesque park setting, the gallery has a beautiful art garden and a sculpture terrace (露台), all
waiting to be explored.(画廊充分利用其风景如画的公园环境，拥有一个美丽的艺术花园和一个雕塑露台, 所有这些都有待探索)”可知，约克郡雕塑公园和惠特沃斯画廊的共同之处在于它们都提供户外环境。故选 D。
3 ．推理判断题。通读全文，并根据第一段“With such a strong artistic heritage, it’s no surprise that England knocks it out of the park when it comes to world-class art galleries. These are the
galleries you need to add to your must-visit list.(拥有如此强大的艺术遗产，英国在世界一流的艺术画廊中脱颖而出也就不足为奇了。这些是你需要添加到你的必游列表的画廊)”可知，这段文本很可能摘自一本旅行指南。故选 A。
4 ．D 5 ．B 6 ．A 7 ．C
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了因战乱逃离家乡的阿米娜，在陌生小镇通过跑步走出心理阴霾、逐渐融入新环境，最终收获归属感并受邀加入社区跑步俱乐部的故事。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Six months earlier, Amina had fled her war-torn homeland.(六个月前，阿米娜逃离了饱受战争蹂躏的祖国)”可知，阿米娜是因为战争才离开自己的家乡的。故选 D 项。
5 ．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“At first, she ran to escape — from the memories, from the
pitying looks of her new neighbors.(起初，她跑步是为了逃避 —— 逃避那些回忆，逃避新邻居们同情的目光)”可知，阿米娜最初跑步的动机是逃离内心的挣扎。故选 B 项。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Weeks later, Amina had explored every street of her new town. She started recognizing faces on her runs: the elderly man waving from his porch, the smiling
mother pushing a stroller. One day, to her surprise, she found herself waving back.(几周后，阿米娜已经逛遍了新城镇的每条街道。她开始在跑步时认出一些面孔：在门廊挥手的老人、推着婴儿车面带微笑的母亲。有一天，令她惊讶的是，她发现自己也挥手回应了)”可知，阿米娜从最初的封闭自我，到后来主动回应他人的问候，这一行为暗示她开始愿意和身边的人产生互动。故选 A 项。
7 ．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段中的“Amina realized she had been running through more than just physical borders. With each step, she had been crossing the boundaries of fear, isolation, and hurt.(阿米娜意识到，她跑过的不仅仅是地理上的边界。每一步，她都在跨越恐惧、孤独和伤痛的壁垒)”可知，文章核心是阿米娜通过跑步打破了在新环境中的心理壁垒，逐渐融入新生活。“Running Through Borders(跨越边界)”能概括全文主旨，适合作为标题。故选 C 项。
8 ．D 9 ．B 10 ．D 11 ．C
本文是说明文。本文通过讨论宜家效应以及几个实验研究的结果，论述了人们更加珍视自己亲手创造的东西，并由此引发了对自我建造住房的好处的思考。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段“The manufacturers discovered that requiring the addition of an egg in the baking process was just enough to make the housewives happy with their work. The greater sense of effort gained from a little extra labor is believed to have been essential to the later success of the cake mix.(制造商发现，在烘焙过程中加入一个鸡蛋就足以让主妇们对自己的工作感到满意。从一点点额外的劳动中获得的更大的努力感被认为是蛋糕粉后来成功的关键)”可知，额外的努力给顾客带来了蛋糕烘焙的乐趣。故选 D 项。
9 ．词句猜测题。根据前文“Interestingly, the IKEA effect works even when people have no
opportunity to fully personalize their creations. While most participants ’ folding skills left much to be desired, they loved their imperfectly personalized products all the more. Builders valued their
wrinkled crane-like creations nearly five times as much as non-builders.(有趣的是，即使人们没有机会完全个性化他们的作品，宜家效应也会起作用。虽然大多数参与者的折叠技巧还有很多不足之处，但他们更喜欢自己不完美的个性化产品。建筑商对他们皱巴巴的像起重机一样
的创造物的估价几乎是非建筑商的五倍)”可知，本段主要讲述额外的劳动会让参与者更喜欢自己的作品，所以 Beauty, it seems, is in the eye of the builder.意为“额外的劳动增加了感知价值” 。故选 B 项。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段““The moment people are involved with their built environment, they have a totally different relationship to it,” WikiHouse co-founder Alastair Parvin explained.
“When the roof starts leaking or a door starts creaking, they have the power to fix it
themselves.”(WikiHouse 的联合创始人 Alastair Parvin 解释说：“ 当人们参与到他们的建筑环境中时，他们与环境的关系就完全不同了。”“ 当屋顶开始漏水或门开始吱吱作响时，他们有能力自己修理。”)”可知，Alastair Parvin 认为公众参与住房建设，他们与环境的关系就完全不同了，所以是持支持的态度。故选 D 项。
11 ．推理判断题。根据第二段“This reflects the IKEA effect (宜家效应), which is identified by psychologist Michael I. Norton and his colleagues, suggesting we place greater value on things we have worked to create. They conducted four studies in which they asked participants to fold paper cranes and frogs, assemble IKEA boxes, and build sets of Legos. They then asked the builders to bid (出价) for their creations, and compared the prices with bids from people who hadn’t built
them. The builders consistently outbid the non-builders.(这反映了心理学家迈克尔·i·诺顿
(Michael I. Norton)及其同事发现的宜家效应(IKEA effect) ，即我们更看重自己努力创造的东西。他们进行了四项研究，要求参与者折叠纸鹤和青蛙，组装宜家盒子，搭建乐高积木。然后，他们要求建筑商为他们的作品出价，并将价格与没有建造这些作品的人的出价进行比较。建筑商的出价始终高于非建筑商)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要解释什么是宜家效应(IKEA effect) ，所以本文的目的是解释一个概念。故选 C 项。
12 ．B 13 ．D 14 ．C 15 ．D
本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了费斯廷格法则指出反应常比问题本身重要并给出建议。
12 ．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Have you ever noticed how some people seem to handle
difficulties calmly while others let small problems ruin their entire day This difference often
comes down to how we respond to challenges.(你是否发现，有些人总能从容应对困境，而有些
人却会被小事毁掉一整天？这种差异往往归结于我们面对挑战的反应方式。)”可知，作者在开头提出问题是为了引起读者与话题的联系，让读者思考自己面对困难时的反应。故选 B。
13 ．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Imagine a business professional who has an important
presentation. On the way to work, they spill (洒) coffee on his shirt. If he reacts with depression, rushes angrily, and arrives hurriedly, his presentation may suffer from failure to concentrate. Now, consider an alternative response: he calmly cleans up, changes clothes, and uses the extra time to
(
。
)review his notes. The initial problem is the same, but the outcomes differ dramatically because of his reactions.(设想一位职场人士需要做一场重要演讲。上班路上，他不小心把咖啡洒在了衬衫上。如果他情绪低落、愤怒焦躁、匆忙赶路，心神不宁会让他无法专注，进而搞砸演讲反之，换一种处理方式：他冷静清理污渍、更换衣服，利用空余时间温习笔记。最初的意外完全相同，但最终结果天差地别，一切只因个人的应对方式不同。)” 以及第四段中“What
makes this principle particularly significant is its universal applicability. Whether dealing with
academic pressures, workplace challenges, or personal relationships, the common point is that our reactions often matter more than the problems themselves.(这一原则的特别重要意义在于它的普遍适用性。无论是面对学业压力、职场挑战还是人际关系，共同点在于我们的反应往往比问题本身更重要。)”可知，咖啡洒的例子主要说明了积极的反应比问题本身更重要。故选 D。
14 ．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The influences ofFestinger’s Law extend beyond individual
situations to interpersonal relationships as well.(费斯廷格法则的影响不仅局限于个人处境，同样适用于人际关系。)” 以及第四段中“What makes this principle particularly significant is its
universal applicability. Whether dealing with academic pressures, workplace challenges, or
personal relationships, the common point is that our reactions often matter more than the problems themselves.(这一原则的特别重要意义在于它的普遍适用性。无论是面对学业压力、职场挑战还是人际关系，共同点在于我们的反应往往比问题本身更重要。)”可知，费斯廷格法则的意义在于它为不同的艰难处境提供了有用的指导。故选 C。
15 ．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Developing this skill requires practice. It involves pausing
before reacting, assessing situations objectively, and consciously choosing productive responses.
Over time, this approach becomes habitual, leading to better outcomes and reduced stress.
Festinger’s Law ultimately teaches us while we can’t control everything that happens to us, we
(
。
)can always control how we respond — and that makes all the difference.(培养这种技能需要练习它包括在做出反应之前暂停，客观地评估情况，并有意识地选择有效的反应。随着时间的推移，这种方法会成为习惯，带来更好的结果和更少的压力。费斯廷格法则最终告诉我们，虽然我们无法控制发生在我们身上的一切，但我们总是可以控制自己的反应——而这才是最重
要的。)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了如何实践费斯廷格法则，包括在反应前暂停、客观评估情况以及有意识地选择有效的反应。故选 D。
16 ．D 17 ．C 18 ．F 19 ．A 20 ．B
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了科学家发现短时间的间歇运动比持续运动消耗更多热量，并通过作者自身的经历来证明这一观点，同时倡导人们通过一些小的、持续的行动来塑造健康。
16．根据上文“For example, several groups of quick walks or stair climbs for just 10 to 30 seconds use 20% to 60% more energy than walking nonstop for the same distance.(例如，几组仅持续 10到 30 秒的快走或爬楼梯比不间断地走相同距离多消耗 20% 到 60% 的能量)”以及下文
“Similar to a car using more fuel when starting a journey, our body works harder at the beginning
of any movement. This is because it needs to warm up our muscles and get into a rhythm.(就像汽 车在开始行驶时会消耗更多燃料一样，我们的身体在任何运动开始时都需要更努力地工作。这是因为它需要热身我们的肌肉并进入节奏)”可知，设空处是在解释为什么短时间的活动会消耗更多能量。D 选项”这是因为身体开始移动需要额外的能量”符合语境，能够承接上文并解释原因。故选 D。
17 ．根据下文“As someone who sits most of the day, I used to think exercise meant hours at the
gym. But when I tried replacing my afternoon coffee breaks with three 90-second stair climbs,
something surprising happened.(作为一个大部分时间都坐着的人，我过去认为锻炼意味着在 健身房里待上几个小时。但当我试着用三次 90 秒的爬楼梯来代替下午的咖啡休息时间时，令人惊讶的事情发生了)”可知，作者要讲述自己的经历来验证前面提到的发现，且引起下文作者的经历。C 选项 “这一发现与我自己的经历完美契合”符合语境，起到了引出作者经历的作用。故选 C。
18 ．根据下文 “My body adjusted to the activity, and what once felt like a struggle gradually
turned into a manageable routine.(我的身体适应了这种活动，曾经感觉很艰难的事情逐渐变成了一种可管理的日常活动)”可知，设空处应该是描述作者一开始进行这种短时间活动时的困难情况。F 选项 “一开始，即使是 20 秒也让我气喘吁吁，但随着时间的推移，这变得更容易了”符合语境，与后文身体适应的描述相呼应。故选 F。
19．根据下文“Every stair climb or short walk wakes up the body. Health isn’t built in a day at the gym—it’s made through small, consistent actions.(每次爬楼梯或短距离散步都会唤醒身体。健康不是在健身房一天就能练就的 —— 它是通过微小而持续的行动实现的)”可知，作者对健
身有了新的认识和看法。A 选项 “现在我对健身有不同的看法”符合语境，能够引出后文对健身的新理解。故选 A。
20．根据上文“Simply replace one of your usual sitting breaks with just a single minute of walking, and you’ll be amazed at how small actions can reshape your physical vitality.(只需用一分钟的步行代替你通常的一次坐着休息，你就会惊讶地发现，小小的行动就能重塑你的身体活力)”可推知，设空处是对这种微小行动重要性的进一步强调。B 选项 “每一步都很重要，无论它有多短！”符合语境，能够总结上文强调微小行动的作用。故选 B。
21 ．A 22 ．C 23 ．D 24 ．B 25 ．B 26 ．D 27 ．A 28 ．C
29 ．B 30 ．C 31 ．D 32 ．C 33 ．D 34 ．C 35 ．B
文章主要讲述了作者和 Clara 合作完成地质项目时遇到困难，通过利用自然线索解决问题并获得成功的故事。
21．考查动词。句意： 带着笔记本和基本工具，我们急切地出发了，并未意识到这次冒险会教给我们的不仅仅是关于岩石的知识。A. Armed 武装，配备；B. Burdened 使负担；C. Linked连接；D. Rewarded 奖励。根据下文“with notebooks and basic tools”可知，此处表示带着笔记本和基本工具，be armed with 为固定短语，表示“装备有”。
22 ．考查形容词。句意同上。A. proud 骄傲的；B. doubtful 怀疑的；C. unaware 未意识到的，不知道的；D. worried 担心的。根据下文“that this adventure would teach us more than just about rocks.”结合后文“While climbing to our usual observation spot, I tripped, sending our
measurement rolling down the hillside”和“Stones survive storms through So do good teams”意外发生与意外收获可知，出发时两人并不知晓后续收获。
23．考查动词。句意： 我们绘制石头图案并记录颜色变化。A. tested 测试；B. designed 设计； C. followed 跟随；D. drew 画。根据下文“stone patterns and recorded colour variations”前文提到带了笔记本，结合地质考察场景可知，此处表示在本子上描画岩石纹路。
24．考查动词。句意： Clara 的艺术才能与我系统的数据收集技能相得益彰。A. developed 发展；B. balanced 平衡，使相称；C. replaced 代替；D. competed 竞争。根据上文“Clara’s artistic abilities”和下文“well with my systematic data collection skills”可知，两人能力不同且互相配合，此处表示 Clara 的艺术才能与作者系统的数据收集技能相得益彰，balance well with 为固定短语，表示“与 相得益彰”。
25 ．考查名词。句意：然而，星期三早上，灾难发生了。A. conflict 冲突；B. disaster 灾难；
C. chance 机会；D. inspiration 灵感。根据下文“While climbing to our usual observation spot, I tripped, sending our measurement rolling down the hillside. My heart sank as we watched our only compass (指南针) disappear into thick bushes.” 可知，后文讲述摔倒、工具滚落丢失，属于突发糟糕的意外。
26．考查名词。句意：在爬到我们通常的观察点时，我绊倒了，把我们的测量工具滚下了山坡。A. ropes 绳子；B. books 书；C. notes 笔记；D. tools 工具。根据下文“Without those
tools...”可知，此处表示测量工具滚下了山坡。
27 ．考查动词。句意：“等等，”Clara 打断我，指着下午横跨岩石的影子。A. pointing at 指着；B. marking down 记下；C. running after 追赶；D. blocking out 挡住。根据下文“the afternoon shadows stretching across the rocks. “Remember what Mr. Evans taught about using
markers ” Her eyes lit up with an idea”可知，她发现阴影这一自然线索，应是指着阴影提醒同伴。
28．考查形容词。句意：“还记得埃文斯老师教过的利用自然参照物的方法吗？”她眼睛一亮，想到了一个主意。A. colorful 多彩的；B. written 书面的；C. natural 自然的；D. hidden 隐藏的。根据下文“using nature’s clues”可知，此处表示使用自然参照物。
29 ．考查动词。句意：我们整个下午都在做实验。A. reflecting 反映；B. experimenting 做实验；C. planning 计划；D. wandering 闲逛。根据下文“Clara tracked shadow lengths while I
compared rock layers. When shadows proved ______, we used fern (蕨类植物) growth patterns as directional guides. Sometimes we argued, but our ideas came together like building blocks”可知，没有专业工具，二人不断尝试用影子、植物辨别方向，不断试验摸索。
30．考查形容词。句意：当影子不可靠时，我们用蕨类植物的生长模式作为方向指南。A. helpful有帮助的；B. dangerous 危险的；C. unreliable 不可靠的；D. interesting 有趣的。根据上文“When shadows proved”和下文“we used fern (蕨类植物) growth patterns as directional guides”可知，影子失效、不可靠时，就更换其他自然参照物。
31 ．考查副词。句意：有时我们会争论，但渐渐地，我们的想法像积木一样结合在一起。
A. suddenly 突然；B. occasionally 偶尔；C. frequently 频繁地；D. gradually 逐渐地。根据上文“Sometimes we argued, but”和下文“our ideas came together like building blocks”结合做事过程可知，观点磨合、达成共识是循序渐进的过程。
32 ．考查形容词。句意：到星期五，我们已经利用自然的线索创建了一个替代的映射系统。 A. interactive 互动的；B. imaginary 想象的；C. alternative 替代的；D. advanced 先进的。根据
上文“we used fern (蕨类植物) growth patterns as directional guides”和下文“mapping system using nature’s clues”可知，此处表示他们利用自然的线索创建了一个替代的映射系统。
33．考查动词。句意：老师们赞扬了我们创造性的方法，但真正的奖励是发现不同的想法如何结合在一起创造出解决方案。A. tested 测试；B. improved 提高；C. selected 选择；D. praised赞扬。根据上文“Our final presentation surprised everyone”和下文“our creative method”可知，前文提到展示成果惊艳众人，因此老师对此表示称赞。
34 ．考查名词。句意同上。A. connections 连接；B. stories 故事；C. solutions 解决方案；D. presentations 展示。根据上文“how different ideas combined to create”可知，二人克服困难、完成项目，多样想法融合最终解决了难题。
35．考查名词。句意：石头在风暴中通过团结生存下来。A. luck 运气；B. unity 团结；C. silence沉默；D. speed 速度。根据上文“Sometimes we argued, but our ideas came together like building blocks. By Friday, we’d created a(n) mapping system using nature’s clues”和下文“So do good teams.”可知，两人合作配合、共渡难关，此处表示石头在风暴中通过团结生存下来，好的团队也是如此。
36 ．a 37 ．measuring 38 ．composition 39 ．to catch 40 ．are 41 ．where
42 ．incredibly 43 ．what 44 ．to 45 ．valuable
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国十大传世名画之一《清明上河图》的作者、尺寸、画面内容及其历史价值。
36．考查冠词。句意： 这幅国宝由张择端创作，他是一位山东人，早年于汴京学习绘画。分析句子结构，native 为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指“一位山东本地人”，且 native 以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词 a。故填 a。
37 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：这幅古画长 528 厘米，宽 24.8 厘米，以其合理的布局和完美的构图著称。分析句子结构，句中已有谓语 is noted for，设空处需用非谓语动词。measure表示“（长度、宽度等） 为 ”，为不及物动词用法，与逻辑主语 The ancient painting 构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作伴随状语。故填 measuring。
38 ．考查名词。句意同上。分析句子结构，形容词 perfect 后需接名词，compose 的名词形式为 composition，意为“构图”，为不可数名词。故填 composition。
39 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着画卷徐徐展开，首先映入眼帘的是汴京城外的早春景色——溪流、桥梁、船只和发芽的树木。分析句子结构， 当名词被序数词 the first 修饰时，其
后常用不定式作后置定语，the first thing to catch the eye 表示“首先映入眼帘的事物” 。故填 to catch。
40．考查时态、主谓一致和倒装。句意：桥下有许多船只正在争道。分析句子结构，本句为完全倒装句，地点状语 Under the bridge 置于句首，谓语动词提前。主语为 many boats ，为复数形式，且全文为一般现在时，be 动词应用 are 。故填 are。
41．考查定语从句。句意：最后一部分是拥挤喧闹的市中心，街道两旁排列着官邸、民居院落、作坊、茶馆和杂货店，各行各业的人都在忙着各种事务。分析句子结构，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为 downtown(市中心) ，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词 where 。故填 where。
42．考查副词。句意：这幅画看起来如此生动逼真，以至于我们仿佛能看到行人走过，听到他们在谈论什么。分析句子结构，设空处修饰形容词 alive ，需用副词形式。incredible 的副词为 incredibly ，意为“极其，难以置信地” ，作状语。故填 incredibly。
43．考查宾语从句。句意同上。分析句子结构，hear 后为宾语从句，从句中 about 缺少宾语，表示“ 的事情/内容” ，应用连接代词 what 引导。故填 what。
44 ．考查介词。句意：《清明上河图》是通往宋代的一座桥梁，为后人了解和研究 800 多年前中国人的经济和社会生活提供了非常宝贵的资料。分析句子结构，bridge 后常接介词 to，表示“通往 的桥梁” 。故填 to。
45 ．考查形容词。句意同上。分析句子结构，设空处修饰名词 materials ，需用形容词形式。 value 的形容词为 valuable ，意为“宝贵的，有价值的” ，作定语。故填 valuable。
46 ．范文一：问题+措施
A Wake-up Call for Insufficient Sleep
A recent school survey on sleep presents a disturbing picture. As the data shows, 45% of the students sleep less than 6 hours daily, and 40% get only 6 to 7 hours. Merely 15% enjoy the recommended 8 to 10 hours of rest. Clearly, insufficient sleep has become a serious issue among teenagers.
In my opinion, this situation calls for immediate action. First, schools, teachers and students should make joint efforts to create a healthier balance between study and rest. Second, students
must manage time wisely and avoid using phones late at night. Most importantly, everyone needs to realize that sleep is as vital as studying for our health and academic performance.
Let’s wake up to this crisis and prioritize our rest starting tonight.
范文二：问题+原因
A Wake-up Call for Insufficient Sleep
According to a recent school survey, the sleep situation among students is alarming. Only
15% of the students sleep 8 to10 hours per night, while 45% sleep less than 6 hours and 40% sleep 6 to 7 hours. This means the vast majority are suffering from sleep deprivation.
From my perspective, the main reasons are heavy schoolwork loads and tight schedules.
Many students sacrifice sleep time for study, unaware of the harm it causes to their concentration and immune system. Besides, the widespread use of electronic devices before bed also contributes to the problem.
Therefore, I strongly urge everyone to treat sleep as a non-negotiable part of a healthy lifestyle. Put down your phones, stick to a regular bedtime, and let sufficient rest restore your mind and body.
范文三：问题+影响
A Wake-up Call for Insufficient Sleep
Our school’s sleep survey paints a worrying picture: nearly half (45%) of the students sleep less than 6 hours daily, while only 15% meet the 8-10 hour standard. Such insufficient sleep has
become a silent crisis.
From my perspective, the impact of insufficient sleep is both immediate and long-term. In the short term, tired students struggle to stay focused in class and often feel irritable. Over time, lack of sleep damages physical health, including heart function and growth. It also does harm to emotional well-being, increasing the risk of mental health issues. These invisible damages can
affect us far into adulthood.
It is time we woke up to this crisis before more harm is done.
47．
Max and Sam exchanged an excited glance. “That’s a great idea, Ava!” Max exclaimed. Sam nodded in agreement, his eyes shining with determination. Without hesitation, they quickly divided the tasks. Max ran to fetch some trash bags from his nearby home. Ava and Sam started
collecting the larger pieces of garbage first, like the chip bags and plastic bottles. As they worked, Ava hummed a little tune, and the others joined in. Their laughter and songs filled the park,
making the cleanup seem more like a fun game.
Unexpectedly, other parkgoers joined in as they did the cleanup. An elderly couple,
who were taking a stroll, saw what they were doing and decided to lend a hand. A group of kids
playing nearby also came over, eager to help make the park clean again. With more people
joining, the cleanup went much faster. Before long, the playground was clean once more. The
slides and swings sparkled in the sun, and the grassy fields were free of trash. Max, Ava, and Sam looked at each other, beaming with pride. They realized that with everyone’s effort, they could
make a difference and keep their beloved park beautiful.

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