资源简介

天津市第四十七中学 2025—2026 第二学期高二年级
第一次阶段性检测 英语试卷
第 I 卷(共三部分;满分 150 分)
第一部分：听力(共两节;满分 20 分)
第一节：(共 5 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 5 分)
听下面五段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一个小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. In which season did the woman get to Prague
A. In summer. B. In autumn. C. In winter.
2. How much will the speakers pay for the shoes
A. 35. B. 25. C. 15.
3. What is the woman going to wear
A. A skirt and a sweater.
B. Jeans and a sweater.
C. A shirt and a skirt.
4. How does the woman probably feel
A. Apologetic. B. Worried. C. Annoyed.
5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Boss and employee. B. Salesperson and customer. C. Interviewer and interviewee.
第二节：(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分)
听下面几段材料。每段材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段材料读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第 6 至第 8 小题。
6. What happened in the late 1970s
A. Return of the Jedi appeared.
B. Science fiction movies became popular.
C. There was a long gap in movie releases.
7. When did The Phantom Menace come out
A. In 1980. B. In 1984. C. In 1999.
8. What are the speakers discussing
A. When Star Wars movies were released.
B. What effects Star Wars movies have.
C. How Star Wars movies were made.
听下面一段对话，回答第 9 至第 11 小题。
9. When did Karina become interested in cooking
A. When she helped her parents in the hotel kitchen.
B. When she made food for herself at home.
C. When she worked in a restaurant.
10. What happened to Karina in the cooking competition A. She won one of the prizes.
B. Her dishes were thought highly of.
C. She realized her talent for cooking.
11. Why did a top chef offer to train Karina
A. He needed someone to work on Saturdays.
B. A famous person liked the food she made.
C. She was quick at learning to cook.
听下面一段独白，回答第 12 至第 15 小题。
12. Who is the speaker talking to
A. Guest speakers. B. Club members. C. University students. 13. What does the speaker suggest doing
A. Comparing the clubs before joining one.
B. Remembering to bring the library card.
C. Trying to join a free club.
14. What information is on the registration document
A. A book list for each course.
B. The classroom numbers for each class.
C. The names of the departmental heads.
15. Where should one fix any accommodation problems
A. The secretary office. B. The academic department. C. The university administration.
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节 单项填空(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
1 ．— I’m so nervous about the competition tomorrow.
— Don’t worry. You’ve practiced so hard. .
A ．You got me wrong B ．It is your time to shine
C ．You must be kidding D ．Mind your own business
2 ．Williams is about motor racing, on which he has spent large amounts of money and time.
A ．timid B ．righteous C ．obsessive D ．frightful
3 ．However, genetic learning depends on a prediction that the future will more or less the past.
A ．pose B ．resemble C ．remove D ．recognize
4 ．The company’s innovative technology has in the industry.
A ．broken new ground B ．braved the elements C ．backed down D ．struck a balance
5 ．Her to her work made her very successful, which earns her a good reputation in her
area.
A ．dedication B ．ignorance C ．blueprint D ．friction
6 ．Only those who are enough to dream big can achieve great things.
A ．ambitious B ．prosperous C ．repulsive D ．objective
7 ．How could you such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months
A ．take off B ．break in C ．turn down D ．break through
8 ． the weather was unfavorable, the outdoor concert was still a huge success.
A ．Now that B ．Even though C ．As if D ．As soon as
9 ．— I’m thinking of giving up learning English completely. I’ve failed the listening test again.
—
A ．Kill two birds with one stone.
B ．Do in Rome as Romans do.
C ．Don’t be a wet blanket.
D ．Don’t throw the baby out with the bathwater.
10．In spite of years of receiving from editors, she persevered in her attempt to establish herself as a published writer.
A ．preference B ．intention C ．arrangement D ．rejection
11 ．To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to take a look at a study in China in 2023.
A ．to be conducted B ．Being conducted C ．conducted D ．conducting
12 ．In order to her business skills in the field, Catherine is taking a related course.
A ．deepen B ．sharpen C ．identify D ．broaden
13 ． your father wants to know is how you are getting on with your studies.
A ．That B ．How C ．Which D ．What
14 ．We showed up early and had to wait two hours before the ceremony began. We .
A．needn’t have hurried B．shouldn’t have doneC．wouldn’t have hurried
D ．couldn’t have hurried
15．The writer, latest novel has won several international prizes, will give a lecture next week.
A ．who B ．whose C ．whom D ．which
第二节 完形填空 (共 20 小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分)
A lot of times life could be difficult. It’s easy for us to only on the negatives. It’s very hard to see that silver lining (一线希望). This is what separates the successful from the . Successful people are always able to try their best to find opportunities.
My friend Sarah was recently given a golden opportunity to _________ a leadership
position at a new regional office in Seoul, S. Korea, but one of the job requirements is to promote communication between local partners. Sarah’s got over 10 years of
experience in her field, and has a strong set of skills that the job, Sarah couldn’t speak Korean, which means Sarah would face a significant language .
Instead of focusing on the negative aspect of this job offer, Sarah chose to turn this
difficulty into a (n) . Despite knowing that a large part of her job would
constant interaction with local partners, Sarah was still that she would make it.
She by hiring an assistant who was able to talk in fluent Korean, so that the
assistant could act as her for the first few months while Sarah was learning the
Korean language. She spent one hour each night working with a Korean language
tutor, and one hour each weekend Korean dramas. Six months later, Sarah was able
to talk with Koreans, and she could even meetings in Korean. Of course, there was a lot of goal setting and focus put in by Sarah in order to this accomplishment. But the key is that she didn’t let her obstacle of not being able to speak Korean get in the way of an amazing career .
So, once you get past your blocker, you’ll be ready to start checking off other to get you closer to your goal. This is how an obstacle becomes an opportunity!
16 ．A ．depend B ．concentrate C ．act D ．comment
17 ．A ．weak B ．poor C ．hopeless D ．average
18 ．A ．hidden B ．missed C ．unbelievable D ．unusual
19 ．A ．find out B ．deal with C ．take up D ．give up
20 ．A ．extra B ．simple C ．common D ．key
21 ．A ．After B ．Although C ．Since D ．If
22 ．A ．agree with B ．belong to C ．fit D ．guide
23 ．A ．challenge B ．test C ．choice D ．decision
24 ．A ．treasure B ．warning C ．reality D ．opportunity
25 ．A ．encourage B ．limit C ．involve D ．indicate
26 ．A ．glad B ．confident C ．doubtful D ．grateful
27 ．A ．started off B ．took off C ．sped up D ．rolled up
28 ．A ．manager B ．guide C ．servant D ．interpreter
29 ．A ．ever B ．still C ．also D ．thus
30 ．A ．imitating B ．watching C ．copying D ．playing
31 ．A ．hold B ．attend C ．end D ．schedule
32 ．A ．analyze B ．achieve C ．emphasize D ．remember
33 ．A ．last B ．new C ．imaginary D ．initial
34 ．A ．experience B ．application C ．progression D ．plan
35 ．A ．tasks B ．concerns C ．points D ．goals
第三节 阅读理解(共 20 小题，每小题 2.5 分，满分 50 分)
A
Rural Community Volunteer Project, Nepal
Carried out in locations throughout Nepal, this project is aimed at promoting social well-being
through cultural exchange and supporting healthcare and environmental issues. The options
include traditional farming projects and healthcare volunteering in medical camps and government hospitals.Location
Farming placements (实习工作) are available in the Terai ofChitwan in southern Nepal, and the foothills of the Himalayas near Gerkhu. Medical placements are available in the cities of
Kathmandu or Pokhara.Free Time
You can explore the local area and spend time with your host family experiencing Nepalese
culture. All placements also include a guided sightseeing tour of Kathmandu.Testimonial (推荐信)
It was very rewarding. There is a lot of work to be done in Nepal andI hope more volunteers can get out there and make a difference, helping to give Nepalis a standard of living that matches (匹配) the great quality of family values they have and the amazing landscapes there.
Andrei Karlsson, SwedenCape Fear River Watch Conservation Project, the USA
An environmental volunteering opportunity for students to work towards protecting and
improving the water quality of the Lower Cape Fear River Basin in Wilmington, North Carolina, the USA, through environmental education, advocacy and action.Location
This charming city, also known as the Port City, is located in the southeastern corner of North Carolina between the Cape Fear River and the Atlantic Ocean.Free Time
Wilmington offers the perfect environment for many outdoor activities such as surfing, sailing and biking. In addition, the nearby Wrightsville, Carolina and Kure Beaches are tourist attractions for boaters, surfers, sunbathers and seafood lovers.Testimonial
Leading the Eco Camp at the end of my stay was one of the most exciting experiences during my stay. I was able to share my enthusiasm for the environment with not only the children at the
camp but their parents.
36 ．Which is a purpose of the Nepal project
A ．To increase cultural exchange. B ．To improve the locals’ health.
C ．To develop Nepal’s agriculture. D ．To promote education.
37 ．What placements does the Nepal project offer
A ．Medical placements in Chitwan in southern Nepal.
B ．Medical placements on peaks ofthe Himalayas.
C ．Farming placements close to Gerkhu.
D ．Farming placements in Kathmandu or Pokhara.
38 ．What should volunteers who choose the USA project do
A ．Help to clean the Atlantic Ocean.
B ．Clean the source of the Cape Fear River.
C ．Help to develop tourism in North Carolina.
D ．Increase people’s environmental awareness.
39 ．Who are more likely to be attracted by the USA project considering the free time activities
A ．Climbers. B ．Vegetarians. C ．Shopping lovers. D ．Cycling lovers.
40 ．What do the two projects have in common
A ．They both impressed foreign volunteers.
B ．They are both family volunteering projects.
C ．They are both in remote rural communities.
D ．They both provide free guided sightseeing tours.
B
Happiness has many levels, and it is difficult to place the word “happy” in one specific category.
I believe that age and happiness are related, but to a certain degree. When asked “What
makes you happy ” my twelve-year-old sister initially laughed, claiming she didn’t know. She
then answered with “sleeping”, and looked at me for a reaction. When I had none, she changed her answer to food, then to fashion, and finally to family, each time glancing at me looking for
validation that she gave a “right” answer. When I told her that there was no correct answer and
asked for her final choice, she went back to her original response, sleeping. My younger cousin, also twelve years old, had a surprising answer — not eating candy or watching TV, but helping
others. They are both twelve, and watch the same things and listen to the same music, yet my
sister was the one that gave many different answers, trying to find the “right” one. I believe this
apprehension is deeply rooted in today’s society, and that teenagers are truly afraid to be different and stand for their beliefs, even with something as simple as answering the question of what
makes them happy.
Facing the same question, my grandmother immediately answered with her family. Is this because of her age Or her personality I know for sure if someone asked my grandma this
question thirty years ago she would still say her family makes her happy, as she is and always will be a family-oriented person.
As for me, my family and friends make me happy, but so do reading, watching movies, and even eating ice cream. There isn’t one singular thing that makes me the happiest, because, like
everybody, my mood depends on many factors. Sure, my family makes me happy, but not when I fight with my sister; reading a good book makes me happy, but not when I have a headache.
Happiness depends on external factors, personality and age. The journey of happiness truly cannot be defined, and no one has one thing above all that makes them the happiest.
41 ．How did the author’s sister respond to her question
A ．She didn’t answer it honestly.
B ．She answered it with uncertainty.
C ．She gave a wrong answer at first.
D ．She tried to give as many answers as possible.
42 ．The author uses her sister’s and cousin’s cases to indicate that .
A ．young people can easily feel happiness
B ．young people often have low-level happiness
C ．happiness doesn’t always largely depends on age
D ．the cause of happiness varies from person to person
43 ．What does the underlined word “apprehension” in Para.2 mean
A ．Creativity. B ．Enthusiasm. C ．Casualness. D ．Anxiety.
44 ．What made the author’s grandmother think her family makes her happy
A ．Her old age. B ．Her wisdom.
C ．Her character. D ．Her previous experiences.
45 ．What does the author mainly talk about in this passage
A ．The categories of happiness. B ．The standard of happiness.
C ．The true definition of happiness. D ．The complexity and diversity of happiness.
C
Research has shown that behavioral signaling is largely universal — not only across cultures, but across species. Based on this knowledge, Cogito Corp has created an artificial intelligence (AI) technology to analyze behavioral and vocal cues to provide in-the-moment guidance during conversations, making individuals more emotionally intelligent.
“Artificial intelligence continues to have a transformational effect across industries. One
area we see specific accelerated advancement in with this technology, is machine learning,” said
Dr. John Kane of Cogito. “Much of the advancement in machine learning is due to the fact that it’s not far removed from our daily lives. Take Amazon’s Alexa as a household example: Alexa can
recognize and respond to whispered speech for voice commands, made possible through machine learning advancement,”Kane continued. He also pointed out that “media has built unrealistic
expectations in the minds ofthe general public when it comes to AI, where in fact, machine learning algorithms are still generally developed for narrowly defined purposes.”
Cogito was founded with the mission of helping humans communicate with more emotional intelligence. Presently, it helps individuals across enterprise-level organizations, mainly in the
insurance, healthcare and financial service industries, create stronger customer service outcomes with the help of the Cogito AI coach. “Our goal is to provide in-the-moment guidance to
individuals within enterprise call centers so they can adjust their behavior and improve customer experiences,” Kane said.
Cogito’s AI technology aims to offer a win-win-win model for companies — improving
agent performance so that employees are more occupied with their work, customers are more
satisfied and the company is more productive. Cogito’s in-the-moment guidance identifies patterns and cues that may be easily overlooked, giving consistent recommendations to agents in real time. This focused level of analysis helps managers coach high-performing agents to be more consistent
and low-performing agents to identify areas for improvement — positively impacting companies.
Looking to the future, Cogito’s CEO and co-founder, Joshua Feast, sees an opportunity to own the AI coaching space. AI coaches guide humans to improve their individual and team
performance, resulting in a more productive, emotionally intelligent and successful workforce.
46 ．What’s the main reason for machine learning’s advancement
A ．Its connections with our daily lives.
B ．Its being a basic area of AI technology.
C ．An increasing demand for the technology.
D ．Media’s efforts to promote the technology.
47 ．What do you know about AI from Kane’s words
A ．It has wider uses than expected.
B ．What it can do now may be overestimated.
C ．It is far from familiar to the public.
D ．Most advanced AI technologies remain unknown to the public.
48 ．Why was Cogito established
A ．To bring greater advancement in machine learning.
B ．To reveal the behavioral differences between humans.
C ．To make humans more emotionally intelligent in conversations.
D ．To help companies monitor and measure employees’ work performance.
49 ．Where is Cogito’s AI technology mainly applied
A ．In small companies.
B ．In educational agencies.
C ．In international trading.
D ．In the service industry.
50 ．What can be inferred about Cogito’s AI technology
A ．It faces a lot of challenges.
B ．It seems to have a bright future.
C ．It may replace the human workforce sooner or later.
D ．It is disadvantageous to low-performing employees.
D
Today it’d be totally understandable if you were fearing the new year and whatever might happen next, instead of feeling joyful and full of expectations. Yet a new year has a very special effect: It makes us feel like we have the chance to start over, to do things better this time, to make amend (修正), even to right all the wrongs in the world.
So why does it take a new year to make us feel like this No matter how hard we want to,
there’s one thing we can never do and that’s changing the past. We can weep, beat our fists against the wall, eat bags of cookies to ease the feelings of guilt, but none of these will make the slightest bit of difference and certainly won’t make us feel any better. The past is gone, over, no more.
Continuing to wish that our actions or words had been different means we’re really not here in the present, we’re living in what-could-have-been or what-might-have-been or if-only. And if the past is too painful or even too boring then we switch over to the future, that place of infinite
(无限的) potential that we want to believe could be real, like wishful thinking or a daydream. We live in what-might-be or what-could-be.
Of course we can learn from the past. Often the most painful experience turns out to be our best teacher: we can even feel gratitude for the experience as it taught us so much. And memories can be like comfortable old shoes we are unwilling to part with. We can certainly put them on now and then, but we don’t have to hang out there on a permanent basis.
Instead we can change our attitude. Fully accepting that the past is irreversible (不可逆的) and the future doesn’t exist means we can actually be in the present moment. What a relief!
Finally we can just be here and now. What an inspiration! Each day is sole. It has never happened before and it will never happen again. And we have no idea what will actually occur.
What a great day just to be here now! The perfect day to let the past rest where it is and let the future take care of itself, to experience just this moment, to pay attention to the colors, sounds and smells; to pay attention to your feelings, and to other people’s feelings and to make this day, this week, this month, and this new year, one of beauty.
51 ．What’s the main idea of the passage
A ．We should not always look back on the past.
B ．We should always look forward to the future.
C ．We should make a new year plan to make things different.
D ．We should live in and enjoy the present.
52 ．What can you know from the passage
A ．The past can be changed.
B ．The future can be predicted.
C ．Weeping or eating cookies won’t make us feel less guilty.
D ．We are not supposed to recall the past painful experiences.
53 ．What can you infer from Paragraph 3
A ．A wish can make the actions and words different.
B ．The future has more potential than the past.
C ．The past is more painful than the future.
D ．People tend to live in a fantastic world.
54 ．The situation of Paragraph 4 tells us .
A ．a fall into a pit, a gain in your wit
B ．a fox may grow gray, but never good
C ．a good beginning is half done
D ．a good beginning makes a good ending
55 ．What does the underlined word “sole” mean
A ．Delighted. B ．Unique. C ．Worthwhile. D ．Fantastic.
第三部分 写作(满分 35 分)
第一节 阅读表达(共 5 小题;每小题 2 分，满分 10 分)
阅读表达
When students got their textbooks at the beginning of the year at San Mateo High School, they also received the Yondr pouch, a locking device for their phones. The phone slides into it and gets locked through a magnetic device. It’s not unlocked again until the final bell rings. The
procedure will repeat every day for the rest ofthe school year.
Adam Gelb, an assistant head teacher, ran a pilot (试验性的) project last year with 20 students and decided to do a school-wide, bell to bell program for this school year.
The Yondr pouch is the product of a start-up in San Francisco with a mission to create
phone-free spaces, something that resonated (引起共鸣) with Gelb. “I really think it’s about being
present and engaging in the adult that’s trying to teach you and your peers that might be in your small group,” he said.
Brad Friedman, another teacher at the school, said he was becoming concerned about the
overuse of phones at school. He said he often saw students completely lost in their phones, some not socializing at all with other students. This week, he’s already seeing the difference. “Everyone was socializing and eating lunch together; that’s what I wasn’t seeing enough of when phone
usage is at its worst,” he said.
A senior at San Mateo High School Djelani Phillips-Diop said he definitely panicked at first when he heard he had to lock his phone. “Last year when we had phones, I used it every day,” he said.
In case of emergency, every classroom has the unlocking device. Teachers still have access to their own cell phones. “We’ve gotten all 1,700 students unlocked in a few minutes. We spoke to four students who, despite their initial panic, agreed that a phone-free school experience has its
benefits,” said Gelb.
“You’re constantly comparing yourself to other women on your Facebook and it definitely takes a toll on your self-image,” said Lea Wadhams, another senior at SMHS, who supported the program.
56 ．What is the purpose of the Yondr pouch (no more than 5 words)
57 ．What changes did Brad Friedman find in his students (no more than 10 words)
58 ．What is the attitude of the four students towards the bell to bell program (1 word)
59 ．What does the underlined part in the last paragraph probably mean (no more than 5 words)
60 ．What do you think of students taking mobile phones to class Why (no more than 25 words)
第二节 书面表达(满分 25 分)
61．假如你是李华，你校英语校报就“ 时间管理”这一话题举办了一次征文活动。请你根据以
下要点，写一篇英语短文投稿。
1. 时间管理的重要性；
2. 举出管理时间的措施和建议。要求：
1. 词数 100 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
1 ．B
考查情景交际辨析。句意：——我对明天的比赛感到很紧张。——别担心。你练习得非常刻苦。该是你大放异彩的时候了。A. You got me wrong 你误会我了；B. It is your time to shine 该你大放异彩了；C. You must be kidding 你一定在开玩笑；D. Mind your own business别多管闲事。根据前文“You’ve practiced so hard”可知，此处是在鼓励对方。故选 B 项。
2 ．C
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：威廉姆斯对赛车很着迷，为此他花费了大量的金钱和时间。A. timid 胆小的；B. righteous 正义的；C. obsessive 痴迷的，着迷的；D. frightful 可怕的。根据“on which he has spent large amounts of money and time”可知，威廉姆斯对赛车很着迷，“obsessive”表示“痴迷的，着迷的” ，符合语境，故选 C。
3 ．B
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，遗传学习依赖于一种预测，即未来或多或少会与过去相似。A. pose 造成，摆姿势；B. resemble 类似，像；C. remove 移开，去除；D. recognize认出，承认。根据前文“genetic learning”和“future”与“past” 的关系可知，此处指未来与过去相似。故选 B 项。
4 ．A
考查动词短语辨析。句意：该公司的创新技术在行业内开辟了新天地。A. broken new ground 开辟新领域、取得突破性进展；B. braved the elements 不顾天气恶劣；C. backed down退让；D. struck a balance 达成平衡。根据“The company’s innovative technology”可推知，创 新技术在行业内开辟了新天地，取得了突破性进展，动词短语 broken new ground 符合语境。故选 A 项。
5 ．A
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她对工作的奉献精神使她非常成功，这也为她在所在领域赢得了良好声誉。A. dedication 奉献，投入；B. ignorance 无知；C. blueprint 蓝图，计划； D. friction 摩擦，冲突。根据“which earns her a good reputation in her area” ，可知，是对工作的奉献精神使她成功。故选 A。
6 ．A
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：只有那些有足够野心去怀揣远大梦想的人才能成就伟大的事业。A. ambitious 有野心的；B. prosperous 繁荣的；C. repulsive 令人厌恶的；D. objective客观的。根据“dream big can achieve great things”可知，有远大抱负、有野心的人才能成就伟
大的事业，用形容词 ambitious 作表语。故选 A 项。
7 ．C
考查动词短语辨析。句意：你失业好几个月了，怎么能拒绝这么好的一份工作呢？
A. take off 起飞，脱掉；B. break in 闯入，打断；C. turn down 拒绝，调低；D. break through
突破。结合“失业数月”与“好工作” 的语境，turn down 最符合语义，表达对拒绝好工作的不解，故选 C。
8 ．B
考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管天气不佳，这场户外音乐会仍然取得了巨大的成功。
A. Now that 既然；B. Even though 尽管；C. As if 好像；D. As soon as 一 就 。根据句意可知，前后句之间为转折关系，空处需用 Even though 引导让步状语从句。故选 B。
9 ．D
考查情景交际。句意：——我正在考虑彻底放弃学习英语了。我又没通过听力测试了。 ——不要因为一点小事而全盘否定自己。A. Kill two birds with one stone.一石二鸟；一举两得；B. Do in Rome as Romans do.入乡随俗； C. Don’t be a wet blanket.别扫兴；D. Don’t throw the baby out with the bathwater.不要因噎废食；不要因为一滴水而丢弃整桶水；不要因为一点小事而全盘否定自己。根据语境，上文表示因一次听力考试失败就打算放弃学英语，该空应表示对他这种做法的否定，劝他不要放弃。D 项内容符合语境。故选 D 项。
10 ．D
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管多年来一直遭到编辑的拒绝，但她仍坚持不懈地努力，试图成为一名有作品发表的作家。A. preference 偏爱；B. intention 目的，打算；C.
arrangement 安排；D. rejection 拒绝。由 she persevered in her attempt to establish herself as a published writer 可知，此处表示“遭到编辑的拒绝” ，空格处意为“拒绝” ，故选 D。
11 ．C
考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：回到水污染问题，我想让你看一下 2023 年在中国开展的一项研究。study 与 conduct 之间为被动关系，且这项研究是 2023 年已经完成的，因此用过去分词 conducted 作后置定语，表示被动和完成；to be conducted 表示“将要被开展”，与“2023 年” 的时间不符；being conducted 表示“正在被开展”，强调动作正在进行；conducting是现在分词，表示主动，均不符合语境，故选 C。
12 ．B
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了提升她在这一领域的商业技能，凯瑟琳正在学习一
门相关课程。A. deepen 加深，使深刻；B. sharpen 使锋利，使提高（技能、能力等）；C. identify识别，认出；D. broaden 拓宽，扩大。根据“Catherine is taking a related course”可知，凯瑟琳学习相关课程是为了提升自己的商业技能，“sharpen”有“使提高（技能、能力等）” 的意思，符合语境，故选 B。
13 ．D
考查主语从句。句意： 你爸爸想知道的是你学习进展如何。此处引导主语从句， 从句中缺少动词 know 的宾语，指事物，用连接代词 what 引导。故选 D 项。
14 ．A
考查情态动词+have done 结构。句意： 我们早早到了，结果仪式开始前还得等两个小时。我们本不必那么匆忙的。A. needn’t have hurried 本不必匆忙(但实际上匆忙了)；B.
shouldn’t have done 本不应该做某事(但实际上做了)；C. wouldn’t have hurried 不会匆忙(用于对过去情况的虚拟)；D. couldn’t have hurried 不可能匆忙(表示对过去情况的否定推测)。根据句意可知，等两个小时仪式才开始，说明本不需要早到，不必匆忙，needn’t have hurried符合语境。故选 A 项。
15 ．B
考查定语从句。句意： 这位作家将于下周举办一场讲座，他的最新小说已经获得了几个国际奖项。空处引导非限制性定语从句， 先行词 The writer 指人，且空后 latest novel 与先行词构成所属关系（作家的最新小说），故应用关系代词 whose 作定语，表示“ 的” 。故选 B。
16 ．B 17 ．D 18 ．A 19 ．C 20 ．D 21 ．B 22 ．C 23 ．A
24 ．D 25 ．C 26 ．B 27 ．A 28 ．D 29 ．C 30 ．B 31 ．A
32 ．B 33 ．D 34 ．C 35 ．A
本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过朋友 Sarah 克服语言障碍、抓住工作机会的经历， 告诉我们：生活中难免有困难，不要只关注消极面，要学会将障碍转化为机会，这也是成功者与普通人的区别。
16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们很容易只关注消极的事情。A. depend 依靠；B. concentrate集中；C. act 行动；D. comment 评论。根据下文“the negatives”以及“Instead of focusing on the negative aspect of this job offer”提到莎拉的工作经历可知，下文提到了消极的事情，可推理出此处说的是精力集中于消极的事情。故选 B 项。
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)17 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就是成功者和普通人的区别。A. weak 虚弱的；B. poor贫穷的；C. hopeless 无望的；D. average 普通的。根据下文“Successful people are always able t try their best to find”可知，文章将成功者与另一类人对比，成功者能努力寻找机会，与之相对的应是普通人，故选 D 项。
18 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：成功者总是能够尽最大努力寻找隐藏的机会。A. hidden隐藏的；B. missed 错过的；C. unbelievable 难以置信的；D. unusual 不寻常的。根据上文“It’s very hard to see that silver lining”可知，上文说的是一线希望难以被发现，由此可推断，成功者能找到的机会也是不易被察觉、隐藏的，故选 A 项。
19．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的朋友莎拉最近得到了一个绝佳的机会，在韩国首尔的一个新地区办事处担任领导职务，但其中一个关键的工作要求是促进当地合作伙伴之间的沟通。 A. find out 查明；B. deal with 处理；C. take up 开始从事；D. give up 放弃。根据下文“a leadership position”可知，下文提到了一个领导的职位，可推理出此处说的是一个从事该领导职位的机会。故选 C 项。
20 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. extra 额外的；B. simple 简单的；C. common 共同的；D. key 关键的。根据下文“to promote communication between local partners”可知，下文说的是促进当地合作伙伴之间的沟通，可推理出此处说的是促进当地合作伙伴之间的沟通是其中一个关键的工作要求。故选 D 项。
21 ．考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然莎拉在她的领域有超过 10 年的经验，并且有一套适合这份工作的强大技能，但莎拉不会说韩语，这意味着莎拉将面临重大的语言挑战。A. After在 之后；B. Although 虽然；C. Since 自从；D. If 如果。根据上文“Sarah’s got over 10 years of experience in her field” 以及下文“Sarah couldn’t speak Korean”可知，上文说的是莎拉在她的领域有超过 10 年的经验，下文说的是莎拉不会说韩语，可知前后文为转折关系，应用although。故选 B 项。
22．考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. agree with 同意；B. belong to 属于；C. fit 适合；
D. guide 指导。根据上文“has a strong set of skills”可知，上文提到了拥有一套强大的技能，可推理出此处说的是莎拉有一套适合这份工作的强大技能。故选 C 项。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. challenge 挑战；B. test 测试；C. choice 选择；D. decision决定。根据上文“Sarah couldn’t speak Korean”可知，莎拉不会说韩语，因此在韩国首尔地区工作将面临重大的语言挑战。故选 A 项。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：莎拉没有关注这份工作机会的消极方面，而是选择将这个困
难转化为一个机会。A. treasure 财富；B. warning 警告；C. reality 现实；D. opportunity 机会。上文“Successful people are always able to try their best to find opportunities.”提到成 功的人努力寻找机会，结合下文“hiring an assistant who was able to talk in fluent Korean” 以及 “spent one hour each night working with a Korean language tutor”还有“Six months later, Sarah
was able to talk with Koreans”可知，莎拉雇佣了会说韩语的助手，每天晚上练习一小时韩语，六个月以后莎拉能够说韩语了，可推理出此处说的是莎拉选择将这个困难转化为一个机会。故选 D 项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管知道自己的工作很大一部分需要与当地合作伙伴不断互动，但莎拉仍然相信自己能够胜任。A. encourage 鼓励；B. limit 限制；C. involve 涉及；D. indicate 表明。根据下文“constant interaction with local partners”可知，下文说的是与当地合作伙伴不断互动，可推理出此处说的是莎拉的工作很大一部分涉及到需要与当地合作伙伴不断互动。故选 C 项。
26 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. glad 高兴的；B. confident 自信的；C. doubtful怀疑的；D. grateful 感激的。根据下文“that she would make it”可知，下文说的是她将成功，可推理出此处说的是莎拉有自信心，相信自己能够胜任。故选 B 项。
27．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她一开始就雇了一个能说流利韩语的助手，这样在莎拉学习韩语的头几个月里，助手可以充当她的翻译。A. started off 开始；B. took off 起飞；C. sped up加速；D. rolled up 卷起。根据根据下文“hiring an assistant who was able to talk in fluent
Korean”可知，下文提到了雇了一个能说流利韩语的助手，可推理出莎拉从雇了一个能说流利韩语的助手开始。故选 A 项。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. manager 经理；B. guide 向导；C. servant 仆人；
D. interpreter 翻译。根据上文“Sarah couldn’t speak Korean”和“hiring an assistant who was able to talk in fluent Korean”可知，莎拉不会说韩语，因此雇用韩语助手可以充当莎拉的翻译。故选 D 项。
29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她还每晚花一个小时和韩语老师一起学习，每个周末花一个小时看韩剧。A. ever 曾经；B. still 仍然；C. also 也；D. thus 因此。根据上文“for the first few months while Sarah was learning the Korean language” 以及下文“spent one hour each night
working with a Korean language tutor”可知，除了雇翻译，莎拉还每晚花一个小时和韩语老师一起学习，空白处应填表示“也”含义的表达。故选 C 项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. imitating 模仿；B. watching 观看；C. copying 复制；
D. playing 玩耍。根据下文“Korean dramas”可知，下文提到了韩剧，可推理出此处说的是莎拉每个周末花一个小时看韩剧。故选 B 项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：六个月后，莎拉能够和韩国人交谈，甚至可以用韩语主持会议。A. hold 主持；B. attend 参加；C. end 结束；D. schedule 安排。根据上文“a leadership
position”和下文“meetings in Korean”可知，莎拉担任的是领导职务，下文提到了会议，还提到了使用韩语，可推理出此处说的是莎拉甚至可以用韩语主持会议。故选 A 项。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，为了取得这一成就，萨拉在目标设定与精力聚焦上投入了大量心血。A. analyze 分析；B. achieve 实现；C. emphasize 强调；D. remember 记得。
根据下文“this accomplishment”可知，下文说的是这一成就，可推理出此处指实现这一成就。故选 B 项。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但关键的是，她没有让自己最初不会说韩语的障碍阻碍了自己令人惊叹的职业发展。A. last 最后的；B. new 新的；C. imaginary 想象的；D. initial 最初的。根据下文“not being able to speak Korean”可知，下文说的是不会说韩语，这是莎拉最初的语言障碍。故选 D 项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. experience 经历；B. application 应用；C. progression发展；D. plan 计划。根据上文“Six months later, Sarah was able to talk with Koreans”可知，上文说的是莎拉用了六个月的时间学会了说韩语，可推理出莎拉没有让自己最初不会说韩语的障碍阻碍了自己令人惊叹的职业发展。故选 C 项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，一旦你克服了障碍，你就可以开始检查其他任务，让自己更接近目标。A. tasks 任务；B. concerns 关心；C. points 要点；D. goals 目标。根据下文“to get you closer to your goal”可知，下文提到了让自己更接近目标，可推理出此处指检查其他任务，让自己更接近目标。故选 A 项。
36 ．B 37 ．C 38 ．D 39 ．D 40 ．A
本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了尼泊尔与美国两项志愿项目的内容、地点及志愿者评价。
36 ．细节理解题。根据 Rural Community Volunteer Project, Nepal 部分中“Carried out in
locations throughout Nepal, this project is aimed at promoting social well-being through cultural
exchange and supporting healthcare and environmental issues. (该项目在尼泊尔各地开展，旨在通过文化交流、支持医疗保健与环境事业来提升社会福祉。)”可知，该项目旨在改善当地人的健康状况。故选 B。
37 ．细节理解题。根据第一个项目的 Location 部分中“Farming placements (实习工作) are
available in the Terai of Chitwan in southern Nepal, and the foothills of the Himalayas near
Gerkhu. (农耕实习岗位设在尼泊尔南部奇特旺的特莱地区，以及格尔库附近的喜马拉雅山麓地带。)”可知，尼泊尔项目提供靠近格尔库的农耕实习岗位。故选 C。
38 ．细节理解题。根据 Cape Fear River Watch Conservation Project, the USA 部分中“An
environmental volunteering opportunity for students to work towards protecting and improving
the water quality of the Lower Cape Fear River Basin in Wilmington, North Carolina, the USA,
through environmental education, advocacy and action. (这是一个环境志愿服务机会，让学生通过环境教育、宣传和行动，致力于保护和改善美国北卡罗来纳州威尔明顿下开普菲尔河流域的水质。)”可知，选择美国项目的志愿者需要提高人们的环保意识。故选 D。
39 ．细节理解题。根据第二个项目的 Free Time 部分中“Wilmington offers the perfect
environment for many outdoor activities such as surfing, sailing and biking. (威尔明顿为许多户外活动提供了完美的环境，如冲浪、帆船和骑自行车。)”可知，考虑到空闲时间的活动，骑行爱好者更可能被美国项目吸引。故选 D。
40．细节理解题。根据两个项目的推荐信内容“It was very rewarding. There is a lot of work to be done in Nepal and I hope more volunteers can get out there and make a difference, helping to give Nepalis a standard of living that matches the great quality of family values they have and the
amazing landscapes there. (这是非常值得的。尼泊尔还有很多工作要做，我希望更多的志愿者能到那里去，做出改变，帮助尼泊尔人过上与他们拥有的家庭价值观和那里令人惊叹的风景相匹配的生活水平。)”和“Leading the Eco Camp at the end of my stay was one of the most
exciting experiences during my stay. I was able to share my enthusiasm for the environment with not only the children at the camp but their parents. (在志愿工作即将结束时，主持生态夏令营是我这段经历中最激动人心的事之一。我不仅和营里的孩子们，还和他们的家长分享了我对环保的热情。)”可知，这两个项目都给外国志愿者留下了深刻印象。故选 A。
41 ．B 42 ．C 43 ．D 44 ．C 45 ．D
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要探讨的是幸福的复杂性和多样性。文章通过不同年龄段的人（如作者的妹妹、表妹和奶奶）对“什么让你感到幸福”这一问题的不同回答，展示了幸福并非单一或固定的，而是受到多种因素的影响，包括年龄、性格、外部环境等。
41．推理判断题。根据第二段“When asked “What makes you happy ” my twelve-year-old sister initially laughed, claiming she didn’t know. She then answered with “sleeping”, and looked at me
for a reaction.(当被问到“什么让你感到幸福？”时，我 12 岁的妹妹先是笑了起来，声称自己不知道。随后她回答说“ 睡觉” ，并看向我等待我的反应。)”可知，作者的妹妹不确定地回答了作者的问题，故选 B。
42 ．推理判断题。根据第二段“They are both twelve, and watch the same things and listen to the same music, yet my sister was the one that gave many different answers, trying to find the “right” one.(他们俩都 12 岁，看同样的节目，听同样的音乐，但我的妹妹给出了许多不同的答案，试图找到那个“正确的”答案。)”和第三段“Facing the same question, my grandmother
immediately answered with her family. Is this because of her age Or her personality I know for sure if someone asked my grandma this question thirty years ago she would still say her family
makes her happy, as she is and always will be a family-oriented person.(面对同样的问题，我的奶奶立刻用她家人的例子来回答。这是因为她年纪大了吗？还是因为她的人格特质呢？我非常确定，如果三十年前有人问奶奶这个问题，她还是会说她的家人让她感到快乐，因为她一直以来都是一个注重家庭的人。)”可知，作者用她妹妹和表妹的例子来表明幸福并不总是很大程度上取决于年龄。故选 C。
43 ．词句猜测题。根据第二段“They are both twelve, and watch the same things and listen to the same music, yet my sister was the one that gave many different answers, trying to find the “right” one.(他们俩都 12 岁，看同样的节目，听同样的音乐，但我的妹妹给出了许多不同的答案，试图找到那个“正确的”答案。)”和“teenagers are truly afraid to be different and stand for their
beliefs, even with something as simple as answering the question of what makes them happy(青少年确实害怕与众不同，害怕坚持自己的信念，哪怕只是回答“什么让他们感到幸福”这样一个简单的问题)”可知，妹妹给出了许多不同的答案，试图找到那个“正确的”答案，他们害怕坚持自己的信念，会感到焦虑，apprehension 意为“忧虑” ，和 Anxiety 意思相近。故选 D。
44．细节理解题。根据第三段“I know for sure if someone asked my grandma this question thirty years ago she would still say her family makes her happy, as she is and always will be a
family-oriented person.(我非常确定，如果三十年前有人问奶奶这个问题，她还是会说她的家人让她感到快乐，因为她一直以来都是一个注重家庭的人。)”可知，作者一直以来都是一个注重家庭的人，因此她的性格让她认为家人让她感到幸福。故选 C。
45．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Happiness has many levels, and it is difficult to place the word “happy” in one specific category.(幸福有多种层次，而且很难将“幸福”一词归入某一特定类别之中。)”和最后一段“The journey of happiness truly cannot be defined, and no one has
one thing above all that makes them the happiest.(幸福的定义确实难以界定，而且没有人有一样高于其他一切的东西能让他们感到最幸福。)”可知，本文主要探讨的是幸福的复杂性和多样性，因此主旨是 D 选项“The complexity and diversity of happiness.(幸福的复杂性和多样
性。)”，故选 D。
46 ．A 47 ．B 48 ．C 49 ．D 50 ．B
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了 Cogito Corp 开发了一种人工智能技术，可以分析行为和声音线索，在对话中提供即时指导，使个人的情商更高，以及 Cogito人工智能技术未来的前景。
46．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Much of the advancement in machine learning is due to the fact that it’s not far removed from our daily lives.”（机器学习的进步很大程度上是因为它离我们的日常生活不远。）可知，机器学习进步的主要原因是它与我们日常生活的联系紧密。故选 A项。
47．细节理解题。根据第二段中“He also pointed out that “media has built unrealistic expectations in the minds ofthe general public when it comes to AI, where in fact, machine learning algorithms are still generally developed for narrowly defined purposes.””（他还指出，“在谈到人工智能时，媒体在公众心中建立了不切实际的期望，事实上，机器学习算法通常仍是为狭隘的目的而开发的。”）可知，从凯恩的话中，人工智能现在的能力可能被高估了。故选 B 项。
48 ．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Cogito was founded with the mission of helping humans
communicate with more emotional intelligence.”（Cogito 成立的宗旨是帮助人们以更高的情商交流。）可知，Cogito 成立是为了让人类在对话中更有情商。故选 C 项。
49 ．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Presently, it helps individuals across enterprise-level
organizations, mainly in the insurance, healthcare and financial service industries, create stronger customer service outcomes with the help of the Cogito AI coach.”（ 目前，它在 Cogito 人工智能教练的帮助下，帮助企业级组织（主要是保险、医疗保健和金融服务行业）的个人创建更强大的客户服务成果。）可知，Cogito 的 AI 技术主要应用在服务行业。故选 D 项。
50 ．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Looking to the future, Cogito’s CEO and co-founder, Joshua Feast, sees an opportunity to own the AI coaching space. AI coaches guide humans to improve
their individual and team performance, resulting in a more productive, emotionally intelligent and successful workforce.”（展望未来，Cogito 的首席执行官兼联合创始人 Joshua·Feast 看到了拥有人工智能教练领域的机会。人工智能教练指导人类提高个人和团队表现，从而形成更高效、
情商更高、更成功的员工队伍。）可知，关于 Cogito 的人工智能技术，我们可以推断出它似乎有一个光明的未来。故选 B 项。
51 ．D 52 ．C 53 ．D 54 ．A 55 ．B
本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了人们应活在当下、享受并珍惜此刻的重要性。
51 ．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据文章倒数第二段中“Fully accepting that the past is
irreversible (不可逆的) and the future doesn’t exist means we can actually be in the present
moment. (充分接受过去无法改变、未来尚未存在，我们才能真正活在当下。)”及最后一段“What a great day just to be here now! The perfect day to let the past rest where it is and let the
future take care of itself, to experience just this moment, to pay attention to the colors, sounds and smells; to pay attention to your feelings, and to other people’s feelings and to make this day, this
week, this month, and this new year, one of beauty. (此刻当下，多么美好的一天！在这美好的日子里，就让过往安于原处，让未来顺其自然，用心感受这一刻，留意身边的色彩、声音与气息，关照自己与他人的情绪，让这一天、这一周、这一月，乃至这新的一年，都充满美好。)”可知，文章主要告诉我们应该活在当下，享受当下。故选 D。
52．细节理解题。根据第二段中“We can weep, beat our fists against the wall, eat bags of cookies to ease the feelings of guilt, but none of these will make the slightest bit of difference and
certainly won’t make us feel any better. (我们可以哭泣，用拳头捶墙，吃一袋又一袋的饼干来减轻内疚感，但这些都不会有任何影响，当然也不会让我们感觉好一些。)”可知，哭泣或吃饼干不会让我们减轻内疚感。故选 C。
53．推理判断题。根据第三段中“And if the past is too painful or even too boring then we switch over to the future, that place of infinite (无限的) potential that we want to believe could be real,
like wishful thinking or a daydream. We live in what-might-be or what-could-be. (如果过去太过痛苦，甚至太过乏味，我们就会转向未来——那个我们愿意信以为真、充满无限可能的地方，就像一厢情愿的想法或是白日梦。我们活在“或许会怎样”“本该怎样” 的空想里。)”可知，人们倾向于生活在一个幻想的世界中。故选 D。
54 ．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Of course we can learn from the past. Often the most painful experience turns out to be our best teacher: we can even feel gratitude for the experience as it
taught us so much. (当然，我们可以从过去中学习。通常，最痛苦的经历会成为我们最好的老师：我们甚至可以对这段经历心存感激，因为它教会了我们很多。)”可知，本段主要告诉我们可以从过去的痛苦经历中学习，即“ 吃一堑，长一智” 。故选 A。
55 ．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段中“Each day is sole. It has never happened before and it will never happen again. (每一天都是 sole 。它以前从未发生过，以后也永远不会发生。)”可知，
每一天都是独特的、前所未有的，因此“sole”在此处意为“独一无二的” ，与 unique 同义。故选 B。
56 ．To lock students’ phones. 57 ．They began socializing and eating lunch together.
58．Positive. / Supportive. / Approving. 59．Badly affects. / Has a bad effect on. / Damages. / Is bad for. / Does harm to. 60 ．I don’t think students should bring mobile phones to class,
which will distract them.
Or: I think it is OK as long as it doesn’t distract their attention, because in an emergency, students can contact their families.
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了某高中推行手机锁袋政策及师生对此的不同反应与看法。
56．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“When students got their textbooks at the beginning of the year at San Mateo High School, they also received the Yondr pouch, a locking device for their phones. (在圣马特奥高中，开学初学生们领取课本时，还会领到一 Yondr手机锁袋，用来锁住他们的手机。)”可知，Yondr pouch 的目的是锁住学生手机。故答案为 To lock students’ phones.
57．考查细节理解。根据第四段中“This week, he’s already seeing the difference. “Everyone was socializing and eating lunch together; that’s what I wasn’t seeing enough of when phone usage is at its worst,” he said. (这周，他已经看到了变化。“大家都在社交，一起吃午餐；这在手机使用最泛滥的时候，是我极少能看到的景象。”)”可知，Brad Friedman 发现他的学生们开始在一起社交和吃午饭。故答案为 They began socializing and eating lunch together.
58 ．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中““We’ve gotten all 1,700 students unlocked in a few
minutes. We spoke to four students who, despite their initial panic, agreed that a phone-free school experience has its benefits,” said Gelb. (“我们能在几分钟内为所有 1700 名学生解锁手机。我们与四名学生进行了交流，尽管他们起初有些慌乱，但都认同无手机的校园体验有其益处，”格尔布说道。)”可知，这四名学生对这个项目持积极的/支持的态度。故答案为 Positive. /
Supportive. / Approving.
59 ．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“You’re constantly comparing yourself to other women on your Facebook and it definitely takes a toll on your self-image (你总是在 Facebook 上拿自己和其他女人比较，这绝对会 takes a toll on 你的自我形象)”可知，这种比较会对自我形象产生不
良影响，因此划线部分意为“对 有坏影响”。故答案为 Badly affects. / Has a bad effect on. /
Damages. / Is bad for. / Does harm to.
60．开放性题目。此题要求表达对于学生带手机进课堂的看法并说明原因，答案不唯一，合理即可。例如，我认为学生不应该带手机进课堂，因为这会分散他们的注意力。或者，如果手机不会分散他们的注意力，那么带手机进课堂也是可以的，因为在紧急情况下，学生可以联系他们的家人。故答案为I don’t think students should bring mobile phones to class, which will distract them. Or: I think it is OK as long as it doesn’t distract their attention, because in an
emergency, students can contact their families.
61．Everyone knows the importance of time because time is what our life is made up of. If we lose time, we’ll lose everything. However, many people don’t know how to manage time.
To manage time well, firstly, we must work out a plan for what we’ll do next day.
Secondly, we should carry out the plan strictly and carefully. It’s our actions that matter in the end. Thirdly, put things first. That is to say, the most important and urgent should be done first. Last but not least, we should never put off what we can do today until tomorrow.
As long as we can manage time efficiently, we will have the most fulfilling days.

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