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太原市2026年高三年级模拟考试（二）
英 语
（考试时间：下午3:00 ~ 5:00）
本试卷采用闭卷、笔试形式。试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试题相应位置。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案用0.5mm黑色笔迹签字笔写在答题卡上。
3.请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。
4.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
5.听力成绩不计入总分。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。
1.Where does the conversation probably take place
A. At the baggage claim. B. At the check-in counter. C. At the boarding gate.
2.Why does the man need to provide his phone number
A. To create an account. B. To pay the bill. C. To receive confirmation.
3.What does the woman think of the smart watch
A. It’s expensive. B. It’s handy. C. It’s complicated.
4.What are the speakers talking about
A. A return policy. B. A repair service. C. A delayed delivery.
5.What does the man suggest
A. Updating the system. B. Restarting the computer. C. Checking Bluetooth settings.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.Why does the woman make the call
A. To greet a friend. B. To cancel a training. C. To ask for a favor.
7.What does the man originally plan to do tomorrow
A. Do the cleaning. B. Walk the dog. C. See the doctor.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8.What does Ben say about his son
A. He has few friends. B. He struggles with studies. C. He lacks life skill practice.
9.How are the students assessed in labor courses
A. By submitting reports. B. By earning credits. C. By taking exams.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.Who is the man going to visit
A. His neighbor. B. His friend. C. His colleague.
11.Why did the woman move to the city
A. For job hunting. B. For sightseeing. C. For schooling.
12.What will the speakers probably do this Saturday
A. Unpack the boxes. B. Do the shopping. C. Cook food together.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13.What is the project about
A.Selling potted flowers. B.Writing research papers. C.Teaching plant care.
14.What will the winning class receive
A.Gift cards. B.A garden party. C.Game time.
15.What will the woman do to help
A.Water daily. B.Check the soil. C.Talk to plants.
16.What should the woman bring to the activity
A.A watering can. B.Lab equipment. C.A logbook.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.Who will sign up for Community Fitness Challenge
A.Professional athletes. B.Local residents. C.Visiting tourists.
18.Which activity is meant for beginners
A.Morning yoga session. B.Weekend cycling tour. C.Evening running club.
19.What is a must for the weekend cyclists
A.Personal equipment. B.A membership card. C.Previous experience.
20.What will the speaker do next
A.Prepare bottles. B.Show a video. C.Write a newsletter.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Gardening for Children:Joys They Love and Futures We Build
Gardening has become increasingly popular among children in the UK.A survey conducted by You Gov and the RHS gathered responses from 1,200 children,80% of whom had gardening experience and harvested joy from it for multiple reasons,as is shown in the chart.
Gardens contribute to children's growth as a powerful way to connect with grandparents,parents and carers,who pass on knowledge,stories and a love of growing.Gardens are also living classrooms.From understanding how plants thrive to discovering the insets and wildlife that share our spaces,gardening offers hands-on learning that supports both well being and environmental awareness.In the follow-up interview with the children surveyed about their dream gardens,many frequently listed hideouts like treehouses, secret corners and blanket tents.These are among the top desirable garden components for young minds.Such a feature turns a simple space into a magical world where kids can play,explore,and enjoy their own time.
Gardens,however,face severe challenges:biodiversity is threatened, public biosecurity awareness is insufficient, and many households have no equal access to gardens. Fortunately, community and school gardens are developing well. Gardeners are adopting sustainable methods,while cross-sector cooperation and technology are promoting environmental horticulture(园艺学). To fully realize gardens' value,four key priorities must be emphasized in the future.
GARDENS'FUTURE
21.How many surveyed children enjoy gardening for its environmental benefit
A. 288. B. 384. C. 480. D. 960.
22.What is the feature of children's dream garden
A. Family connections. B. Private play areas.
C. Wildlife protection. D. Botanical knowledge.
23.What does the author suggest regarding gardens' future
A. Relying on government's support. B. Raising funds to expand private gardens.
C. Making laws about climate change. D. Ensuring convenient access for the public.
B
When I was a little girl, my mom often put me in front of the TV while she did housework. Watching Julia Child from Julia & Company, whom I thought of as a babysitter, I absorbed the idea that the kitchen was a creative lab. By six, mom trusted me with chopping boiled eggs and mixing up cookie dough. Over the years, The French Chef and Good Eats filled my young brain with practical cooking skills and mom helped me put them into action.
Today when you turn on the TV, you will see that Food Network, once the flagship of cooking instructions, has filled programs with competitions like Chopped with celebrity judges, presenting restaurant dishes as luxury experiences that create a forbidding barrier to the kitchen – a far cry from early TV chefs' pursuit of accessibility. Product placements are built into the shows, turning cooking into a tool to chase ratings and make profits. Internet influencers have filled that gap with their creations, though not all pass our taste tests. With AI advancing, some influencers aren't even humans. Their contents are just eye candy for shrinking attention spans.
Yet hands-on practices that build life satisfaction, and any deeper link formed through them, are typically passed from one person to another. What I learned from The French Chef led me to the kitchen, but it was my mom who welcomed me to stand beside her at the counter, guiding me to chop vegetables and internalize many of her recipes to the degree that I can make them taste exactly as she did. It keeps her present in my life nearly a decade after she passed away.
The TV and Internet offer countless resources for mastering a skill, but my own experience is a vivid illustration that real skills take root only through personal instruction – when someone, be it real or on the TV, guides us patiently through small steps from an early age. Now, decades later, when friends ask why my sauces never break, I know it's those approachable, patient lessons from childhood living on in my hands.
24.What can be inferred about the author's early life
A. She learned to cook from a young age. B. She valued her babysitter Julia's help.
C. She was addicted to watching TV shows. D. She was burdened with heavy housework.
25.How does the author find the current shows on Food Network
A. Unprofessional. B. Commercialized. C. Instructive. D. Innovative.
26.What does “my sauces never break” in the last paragraph probably mean
A. I never mess up a dish. B. I never try new ingredients.
C. I never give up cooking. D. I never use mom's recipes.
27.What message does the author want to convey
A. Childhood memories shape career choices.
B. Hands-on guidance helps pass down skills.
C. Self-education is an essential part of learning.
D. Social media facilitate knowledge acquisition.
C
We generally believe that wisdom grows naturally with experience. As time passes, we make mistakes, learn lessons, and gradually improve our judgment. This common belief is comforting because it suggests that simply living longer will improve our understanding of the world. However, research from psychology and behavioral science now challenges this idea, indicating that experience alone is not always a reliable teacher.
In many cases, repeated exposure does not sharpen judgment – rather, it dulls it. People who make the same decisions over and over often grow more confident without becoming more accurate. Consider an investor who continues to pour money into a declining stock because it once made him a fortune. Likewise, a doctor with years of experience in flu diagnosis might ignore an unusual symptom, only to realize later it was the first sign of a rare disease. Experience, it turns out, can solidify errors just as easily as it corrects them.
In complex environments like financial markets, relationships or parenting, the consequences of decisions are rarely clear. Success is easily credited to skill when it could just have easily been luck, while failure is excused anyway. How can we trust such biased interpretations This is why experience so often misleads us. The key is that experience leads to genuine learning only under very specific conditions. As Soyer and Hogarth note in the book The Myth of Experience, “Experience does not automatically lead to learning. What matters is not how much experience someone has, but whether the environment provides clear, timely, and reliable feedback.” When feedback is delayed or unclear, experience acts not as a teacher but as a cheater.
Ancient philosophers were cautious of this long before modern psychology started to explore it. Socrates distrusted the authority of experience when unaccompanied by reflection, insisting that unexamined beliefs grow more dangerous with time. Wisdom, on this view, does not emerge from repetition, but from the capacity to question what experience appears to have taught us.
28.What does the author mainly state in paragraph 1
A. Age makes people smart. B. Experience is no guarantee of wisdom.
C. Accumulation makes no sense. D. Mistakes and lessons improve judgment.
29.Which of the following examples can best fit in the second paragraph
A. A student avoids mistakes by reflecting on failures.
B. A worker improves efficiency with repeated practice.
C. A driver underestimates a curve after a hundred safe passes.
D. A teacher gains experience by continuously changing methods.
30.Why is the book quoted in paragraph 3
A. To clarify a doubt. B. To question a belief.
C. To define a concept. D. To support a claim.
31.Which is the best title for the text
A. The Past Experience: A Teacher or a Cheater
B. To Grow Old or Grow Wise: That's a Choice!
C. Repetitive Practice: The True Path to Wisdom
D. Ancient Philosophers: Guides for Modern Psychology
D
Speaking of fungi, most tend to picture mushrooms typically growing in soil. Actually our planet hosts an estimated 3.8 million species of fungi, acting as primary decomposers and nutrient recyclers. Some underground fungi can form the “wood wide web” to facilitate communication between trees. Beyond these common types, there exists a distinctive group known as pyrophilous fungi, also called fire-loving fungi, that thrive abundantly in fire-stricken areas. They can form structures to tolerate high temperatures that would kill most living organisms, surviving in soil over 200°F, then emerge when the forest has been ruined, growing into an ecosystem with far fewer competitors.
Pyrophilous fungi have long fascinated researchers, for they can break down burnt remains, mainly charcoal and ash, and this power lies at the heart of forest recovery. Yet the exact mechanisms behind it remained a mystery. Glassman, an ecologist at the University of California, cultivated fungi found in post-wildfire landscapes in the lab over five years. By exposing samples to charcoal, Glassman's team monitored and analyzed the fungal genes active in breaking down carbon compounds in charcoal. They found these genes have evolved in three main ways. The most exciting one is cross-species transfer where one kind of organism passes useful traits directly to another. The team's findings indicate that the charcoal-metabolizing genes originally came from bacteria and were transferred to pyrophilous fungi during their evolutionary history.
“Fungi have to eat but they can't make their own food, so the charcoal is a resource, and fungi have evolved to take advantage of it,” says Glassman. By degrading charcoal and releasing carbon, these pyrophilous fungi help restart nutrient cycles. Some species can even digest chemical pollutants. They also form dense fungal networks that hold the soil together, and upon dying, contribute a nutritious material to enrich the soil for future life.
Glassman highlights the prospect of using these organisms to help restore polluted landscapes and make the environment more hospitable for returning plants. As wildfires intensify, these delicate organisms possibly become the most important players in post-fire forest recovery.
32.What advantage do the pyrophilous fungi have
A. Their structures to resist heat. B. Their competitive nature in the wild.
C. Their ability to communicate with trees. D. Their vital roles in creating nutrients.
33.Why was the research on the fungi conducted according to paragraph 2
A. To cultivate them in a lab. B. To compare them with bacteria.
C. To classify their species. D. To uncover their genetic secret.
34.How does charcoal contribute to pyrophilous fungi's growth
A. By serving as a food supply. B. By holding soil together.
C. By forming a dense network. D. By releasing chemical pollutants.
35.What is Glassman's expectation about
A. Possible methods for new research. B. Medical value of fungi species.
C. Potential application of the finding. D. Strategic plan for plant selection.
第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tips on Connecting With Your Family in the Car
In our fast-paced world, quality time with family members is often the first thing we sacrifice. Due to last-minute work calls or running-late classes, Friday movie nights are canceled and Saturday outings are frequently postponed. 36 Both short school drives and long road trips can be transformed into valuable bonding experiences by being intentional.
·Remove digital distractions. Often, phones and tablets make every member stay in their own world. This creates a disconnected environment. 37 Use this time in the car to chat, observe the scenery, or simply enjoy shared silence, fostering an atmosphere where everyone can get fully involved.
·Start gentle and interesting conversations. 38 As a result, communication breaks down. Choosing light and positive topics like favorite things, funny stories or simple wishes is the key to keeping conversations flowing. Use open-ended questions like “Where would you choose if you could go anywhere ”. This encourages everyone to share more about their inner worlds.
·39 Car rides need not be just about getting from A to B. They're also a chance to share practical knowledge. When passing a gas station, talk to teens about budgeting. Upon spotting a road sign, explain to younger kids its meaning. Small exchanges spark curiosity and build practical wisdom for everyone.
·Create musical experiences. Road trips can be a painfully long stretch in the car. That's where the magic of music — a powerful emotional connector — comes in. Allow each member to add a few of their favorite songs and create a family playlist together. During the trip, sing along to familiar tunes, or have silly family karaoke sessions. 40
Follow these tips and turn our next car trip into a lasting warm memory.
A. Make good use of road signs.
B. Turn long transportation into mini education.
C. But what if we fully share the moments inside the car
D. Why not encourage everyone to put away all screens
E. These shared melodies help track your family's highlights.
F. Even Sunday trips are turned into family bonding occasions.
G. Exchanges often fade or turn tense with grades and criticism.
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Reading bedtime stories is a precious tradition to spark my child's imagination and deepen the parent-child connection. However, as my son Harvey reached seven, this routine gradually turned into a 41 .
He had 42 simple picture books and was hungry for chapter books, but classics like Dickens and Kipling were far too complex and dull for him. We had to try the children's literature series The Jungle Book, but it still filled him with 43 . In his eyes, most stories for ages five to eight full of dinosaurs, aliens and jokes were 44 . Keeping up with his requests burned up all my energy. What used to be a quick 10-minute bedtime routine stretched into a long 45 , eating into my evenings and leaving me little time to 46 after a busy day.
Then his eighth birthday arrived. We gave him a birthday gift: a kid-friendly Amazon Echo Dot Kids, a smart speaker powered by Alexa, Amazon's voice assistant. I 47 thought he would only use it as a clock and music player, but he himself quickly 48 its story-telling function.
Unlike a father like me, Alexa never gets 49 . It would tell playful jokes non-stop and upgrade stories to a higher 50 . At first, though, I found myself stuck in an inner conflict: watching him hang on every word from a machine, I felt a quiet 51 set in, as if I was replacing our warm time together with a machine. But soon I 52 the fact that both of us were actually far better off. Harvey lost himself in countless stories, and now he only asks me to read for him once or twice a week.
This smart device has become Harvey's “digital dad,” which 53 me from the tiring task of storytelling without 54 our ties. It turns our stressful nights into relaxing and happy moments, which proves that technology can be a good 55 in family life.
41.A. habit B. pleasure C. burden D. reality
42.A. come up with B. grown out of C. looked forward to D. got down to
43.A. comfort B. curiosity C. anxiety D. boredom
44.A. difficult B. humorous C. creative D. childish
45.A. chore B. chat C. break D. expectation
46.A. complain B. recharge C. communicate D. respond
47.A. gradually B. exactly C. initially D. regularly
48.A. unlocked B. invented C. restored D. missed
49.A. awkward B. surprised C. exhausted D. cautious
50.A. character B. level C. background D. ability
51.A. guilt B. fear C. anger D. relief
52.A. doubted B. accepted C. reflected D. denied
53.A. shapes B. avoids C. frees D. protects
54.A. weakening B. building C. holding D. updating
55.A. symbol B. mission C.foundation D.addition
第二节（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A new trend of ColorWalk has swept across social media recently, bringing color to the already popular CityWalk. ColorWalk requires no special equipment 56 fixed destination. 57 (seize) the tiny, wonderful moments in daily life, you just need to first select a specific color theme for the day — blue, for example, and then wander through neighborhoods or commute to spot any item 58 (bear) the same color. This mindful walk can lead you to capture blue things, ranging from a blue trash can, which you may never notice in a daily setting, 59 a blue taxi that carries you around, matching the color you have 60 (previous) chosen. The aim of ColorWalk is simple — to pay attention to 61 you usually ignore in busy life. Just pause and look, and you will find joy lies in unplanned moments. The charm lies in its effortless creativity, helping you rediscover the delicate details 62 (hide) in everyday surroundings. ColorWalk helps set small, 63 (achieve) goals, relieve daily anxieties and regulate emotions. Besides, colors themselves carry physical 64 (effect): cool colors slow heart rate and relax the body, whereas warm colors raise energy. As a low-cost activity with no strict demands, ColorWalk brings fulfillment and 65 (signal) a positive lifestyle shift, encouraging you to seek pleasure and a sense of control in ordinary life.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华，你校邀请英语教育专家Wilson教授进行了一场专题讲座。你负责本次活动公众号的推送，拟发布讲座现场视频片段，请你给他写一封电子邮件沟通相关事宜，内容包括：
（1）代表学校致谢；
（2）说明发布视频的用意并征求许可。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80个左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Professor Wilson,
I'm Li Hua, in charge of covering today's event on the school WeChat Official Account.
Best wishes,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
For as long as I could remember, my mom had been a helicopter parent, hovering over me all the time. Her days were consumed by monitoring my apps, my calls, and even the weather before I stepped outside. The world, in her eyes, was full of unpredictable dangers.
This anxiety was partly due to an accident in my childhood that, I believed, still haunted her. When I was seven, she accompanied me to ride the bike in the park. Accidentally, I lost balance and injured my knee badly. The sight of my blood sent her into a panic; she didn't sleep for nights. From that day on, I had no chance to ride the bike any more. Even now at 17, bike, to me, was just a word in the dictionary and a faint scar on my knee.
However, my dad held a different opinion. He always said falls and small troubles were unavoidable gifts of growth, believing proper risks and independent experiences were necessary for me to become tougher and more responsible. He often persuaded my mom to loosen her control, but she could never put her worries aside.
So, when today our school announced a three-day camping trip, my classmates erupted in excitement while I froze. I understood their joy — three days, no parents, just campfires and stargazing. But inside, my mind was racing. How was I supposed to ask The word “no” sat on my tongue like a stone.
Back home, I went to my dad with the permission slip, a formal note that required parent's signature, without which I was not allowed to join the camp. I hoped he'd sign it secretly to save me from mom's concern. But he shook his head softly, telling me this was my chance to show my mom I was ready to help her untie the tight worry in her heart. He said he trusted me and suggested I make a clear safety plan to ease her worry, adding “If you make it, I have a surprise for you.” I stood there, listening to mom's familiar humming in the kitchen — cooking was the only thing that could move her focus away from me. My heart pounded.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为150个左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Holding the wrinkled permission slip tight, I pushed open the kitchen door.
...
Back from the camp, I spotted no mom at the pick-up site, but a bike with my name card attached to it.
太原市2026年高三年级模拟考试（二）
英语答案
（考试时间：下午3:00 ~ 5:00）
本试卷采用闭卷、笔试形式。试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试题相应位置。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案用0.5mm黑色笔迹签字笔写在答题卡上。
3.请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。
4.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
5.听力成绩不计入总分。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。
1.Where does the conversation probably take place
A. At the baggage claim. B. At the check-in counter. C. At the boarding gate.
2.Why does the man need to provide his phone number
A. To create an account. B. To pay the bill. C. To receive confirmation.
3.What does the woman think of the smart watch
A. It’s expensive. B. It’s handy. C. It’s complicated.
4.What are the speakers talking about
A. A return policy. B. A repair service. C. A delayed delivery.
5.What does the man suggest
A. Updating the system. B. Restarting the computer. C. Checking Bluetooth settings.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.Why does the woman make the call
A. To greet a friend. B. To cancel a training. C. To ask for a favor.
7.What does the man originally plan to do tomorrow
A. Do the cleaning. B. Walk the dog. C. See the doctor.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8.What does Ben say about his son
A. He has few friends. B. He struggles with studies. C. He lacks life skill practice.
9.How are the students assessed in labor courses
A. By submitting reports. B. By earning credits. C. By taking exams.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.Who is the man going to visit
A. His neighbor. B. His friend. C. His colleague.
11.Why did the woman move to the city
A. For job hunting. B. For sightseeing. C. For schooling.
12.What will the speakers probably do this Saturday
A. Unpack the boxes. B. Do the shopping. C. Cook food together.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13.What is the project about
A.Selling potted flowers. B.Writing research papers. C.Teaching plant care.
14.What will the winning class receive
A.Gift cards. B.A garden party. C.Game time.
15.What will the woman do to help
A.Water daily. B.Check the soil. C.Talk to plants.
16.What should the woman bring to the activity
A.A watering can. B.Lab equipment. C.A logbook.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.Who will sign up for Community Fitness Challenge
A.Professional athletes. B.Local residents. C.Visiting tourists.
18.Which activity is meant for beginners
A.Morning yoga session. B.Weekend cycling tour. C.Evening running club.
19.What is a must for the weekend cyclists
A.Personal equipment. B.A membership card. C.Previous experience.
20.What will the speaker do next
A.Prepare bottles. B.Show a video. C.Write a newsletter.
听力答案：
1～5 ACBAC 6～10 CACBB 11～15 ABCBB 16～20 CBAAB
听力原材料。
第一节。
Text 1
M: Excuse me, Sir, I checked the baggage belt. But my bag wasn’t there.
W:Don’t worry, just show me your bag ticket and boarding pass please.
M:Here you are, thank you.
Text 2
M: Excuse me, how can I place an order
W:You can scan the QR code on the table and fill in your phone number. We will send you your order confirmation message.
Text 3
W: Look at my new smart watch. It tracks my sleep, heart rate and even stress levels.
M: Wow, it has so many functions. It must be really expensive.
W: Actually, it’s quite affordable and is very easy to use.
Text 4
M: Hello, I’d like to make a return. This T shirt doesn’t fit but I was told I have to pay for shipping.
W: My apology sir. According to our return policy, return shipping is free only on selected items. For others, the customer covers the cost.
M: That’s frustrating. The shipping fee is almost as much as the shirt itself.
Text 5
W: I’m having trouble connecting my headphones to my laptop. I’ve tried everything.
M: Have you checked your Bluetooth settings Sometimes a system update may mess with the Bluetooth connection.
W: Yeah, Bluetooth is definitely on, but the headphones just keep saying: searching.
M: All right, try going into your settings and removing any unused devices.That usually helps.
Text 6
M: Hello
W: Hey, David. It’s Emma. I’m sorry to bother you, but something’s come up.
M: Oh, no problem. What’s going on
W: My dog trainer just canceled the training and I’ve got an early morning meeting to morrow, plus a doctor’s appointment. Would you mind walking max for me
M: Not at all. I’m staying home to clean anyway. What time
W: Is 8:00am, Okay Everything’s ready by the door. You’re a lifesaver.
M: Happy to help. See you then.
Text 7
W: Hi Ben, how’s your son doing these days
M: Well, he’s doing great in his schoolwork, but he can hardly handle basic housework, like tidying his room or fixing something. He’s got almost no practical hands on life experience.That really worries me.
W: You are not alone. Other parents face the same problem, so schools have launched new labor courses recently, requiring kids to do housework and community service to earn labor credits, even counting them into their term grades.
M: I’m completely in favor of these policies
W: Yeah, a teacher told me these courses have brought really positive changes to many kids.
Text 8
M: Wait a second, Sarah. Is that really you
W:Tom Oh my gosh, I can’t believe it’s you! What brings you to this neighborhood
M: I came here to visit a friend. I live in another community. What about you
W: I actually came here to look for a job. There are more opportunities in this city. I just moved here last week.
M: Good luck to you! Have you settled into your new place yet
W: Not even close. I’m still living besides tons of boxes, it’s totally a mess at home.
M: Ugh, moving is the worst. If you’re free on Saturday, let’s go grocery shopping. There’s a great farmers market nearby.
W: I’d love that. It’s been way too long and I desperately need to store some fresh food.
Text 9
W: Hey, Tom. You’ve been busy lately. What keeps you so occupied
M: I’m in the green living club. We’re starting a plant adoption project to teach students to take care of plants.
W:Plant adoption？How does it work
M: Each class gets three small potted plants. Students take turns watering and even talking to them.
W: Talking to plants Seriously
M: I know it sounds crazy, but studies show it helps them grow. The goal is to teach responsibility and brighten up the classroom.
W: That’s nice .Have all classes joined
M: Not yet, so we’re having a competition. The class with the healthiest plants after one month wins a garden party.
W: Count me in! What can I do to help
M: You can help me check the soil every Friday and teach kids how to water properly. I really need an extra hand.
W:No problem. When and where
M: Every Friday at 12:15 during lunch break in the science lab.
W:Got it .Do I need to bring something？
M:Just bring a logbook for observations. I’ll print out the schedule for you.
W:Perfect. See you on Friday!
Text 10
Good evening everyone. Thank you for coming to tonight’s information session about the riverside community fitness challenge.This six week program is designed for residents from kids to seniors.Each week we offer a variety of activities to keep you moving.
For beginners, we have low impact morning yoga sessions in the park every Tuesday and Thursday.Perfect if you’re just starting out.For those looking for something more challenging, our weekend cycling tours are arranged to explore the countryside trails.
We also have evening running clubs for different skill levels.If you’re interested in the weekend cycling, please note that you’ll need to bring proper shoes, a helmet, sunscreen and a small backpack.All participants will receive a free water bottle and a weekly newsletter with fitness tips.
Now I’ll play a short video highlighting last year’s challenge so you can see what it’s all about.After that, I will be happy to take your questions and welcome to sign up for our membership.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Gardening for Children:Joys They Love and Futures We Build
Gardening has become increasingly popular among children in the UK.A survey conducted by You Gov and the RHS gathered responses from 1,200 children,80% of whom had gardening experience and harvested joy from it for multiple reasons,as is shown in the chart.
Gardens contribute to children's growth as a powerful way to connect with grandparents,parents and carers,who pass on knowledge,stories and a love of growing.Gardens are also living classrooms.From understanding how plants thrive to discovering the insets and wildlife that share our spaces,gardening offers hands-on learning that supports both well being and environmental awareness.In the follow-up interview with the children surveyed about their dream gardens,many frequently listed hideouts like treehouses, secret corners and blanket tents.These are among the top desirable garden components for young minds.Such a feature turns a simple space into a magical world where kids can play,explore,and enjoy their own time.
Gardens,however,face severe challenges:biodiversity is threatened, public biosecurity awareness is insufficient, and many households have no equal access to gardens. Fortunately, community and school gardens are developing well. Gardeners are adopting sustainable methods,while cross-sector cooperation and technology are promoting environmental horticulture(园艺学). To fully realize gardens' value,four key priorities must be emphasized in the future.
GARDENS'FUTURE
21.How many surveyed children enjoy gardening for its environmental benefit
A. 288. B. 384. C. 480. D. 960.
22.What is the feature of children's dream garden
A. Family connections. B. Private play areas.
C. Wildlife protection. D. Botanical knowledge.
23.What does the author suggest regarding gardens' future
A. Relying on government's support. B. Raising funds to expand private gardens.
C. Making laws about climate change. D. Ensuring convenient access for the public.
阅读理解 A
语篇类型： 应用文
主题语境： 人与自然——环境保护——儿童园艺与生态教育
【文章大意】
本文介绍了英国儿童参与园艺活动的现状及其多重益处。通过调查数据说明了孩子们喜爱园艺的原因，并指出花园在促进代际交流、提供实践学习机会以及培养环境意识方面的价值。同时，文章也提出了花园当前面临的挑战，并对未来发展提出了关键建议。
【答案与解析】 21-23. B B D
21. B 解析： 考查数字计算与细节理解。题干询问“有多少受调查儿童因环境益处而喜欢园艺”。根据第一段，调查共收集了1200名儿童的回答，80%有园艺经验，但题干针对的是“环境益处”这一具体原因。从原文图表可知，选择环境益处的比例为32%。计算：1200 ×0.8 ×0.4= 384。故选B。其他选项A（288，对应24%）、C（480，对应40%）、D（960，对应80%），均与32%不符。
22. B 解析： 考查细节理解题。题干问“孩子梦想花园的特征”。定位到第二段：“In the follow-up interview... many frequently listed hideouts like treehouses, secret corners and blanket tents... Such a feature turns a simple space into a magical world where kids can play, explore, and enjoy their own time.” 这些描述均指向“私人游戏区域”（Private play areas）。其他选项A（家庭联系）、C（野生动物保护）、D（植物知识）虽在文中提及，但不是梦想花园的突出特征。故选B。
23. D 解析： 考查细节理解题。题干问“作者对花园未来的建议”。最后一段指出花园面临挑战包括“many households have no equal access to gardens”，随后提出未来四个关键优先事项。结合常识与行文逻辑，确保公众能够方便地使用花园（convenient access for the public）是解决“access不平等”问题的直接对策。其他选项A（依赖政府支持）、B（筹款扩建私家花园）、C（制定气候变化法律）均未在文中明确提及。故选D。
【重点词汇】
harvested joy from：从中获得快乐
hands-on learning：实践学习
well-being：身心健康
hideouts：隐匿处；藏身处
biosecurity：生物安全
cross-sector cooperation：跨部门合作
environmental horticulture：环境园艺学
priorities：优先事项
【难句翻译】
1.“Gardens contribute to children's growth as a powerful way to connect with grandparents, parents and carers, who pass on knowledge, stories and a love of growing.”
花园作为连接祖父母、父母和看护者的强大纽带，有助于儿童成长，长辈们传递着知识、故事和对种植的热爱。
2.“From understanding how plants thrive to discovering the insects and wildlife that share our spaces, gardening offers hands-on learning that supports both well-being and environmental awareness.”
从理解植物如何茂盛生长到发现与我们共享空间的昆虫和野生动物，园艺提供了实践学习的机会，这既支持了身心健康，也培养了环境意识。
3.“Such a feature turns a simple space into a magical world where kids can play, explore, and enjoy their own time.”
这样的特点将一个简单的空间变成一个神奇的世界，孩子们可以在其中玩耍、探索并享受自己的时光。
【A篇参考译文】
儿童园艺：他们热爱的乐趣与我们构建的未来
园艺在英国儿童中变得越来越受欢迎。YouGov与皇家园艺学会联合开展的一项调查收集了1200名儿童的反馈，其中80%的儿童有园艺经历，并因多种原因从中收获了快乐，如下图所示。
花园作为连接祖父母、父母和看护者的强大纽带，有助于儿童成长，长辈们传递着知识、故事和对种植的热爱。花园也是鲜活的教室。从理解植物如何茂盛生长到发现与我们共享空间的昆虫和野生动物，园艺提供了实践学习的机会，这既支持了身心健康，也培养了环境意识。在对受调查儿童进行的后续访谈中，关于他们的梦想花园，许多孩子经常列出树屋、秘密角落和帐篷等藏身处。这些是年轻心灵最向往的花园要素之一。这样的特点将一个简单的空间变成一个神奇的世界，孩子们可以在其中玩耍、探索并享受自己的时光。
然而，花园面临严峻挑战：生物多样性受到威胁，公众生物安全意识不足，许多家庭无法平等地使用花园。幸运的是，社区和学校花园发展良好。园丁们正在采用可持续的方法，同时跨部门合作与科技也在推动环境园艺学的发展。为了充分实现花园的价值，未来必须强调四个关键优先事项。
花园的未来
21. 有多少名受调查的儿童因为环境益处而喜欢园艺？
A. 288 B. 384 C. 480 D. 960
22. 孩子们梦想中的花园有什么特征？
A. 家庭联系 B. 私人游戏区域 C. 野生动物保护 D. 植物知识
23. 作者就花园的未来提出了什么建议？
A. 依赖政府的支持 B. 筹集资金扩建私家花园
C. 制定关于气候变化的法律 D. 确保公众能够方便地使用花园
B
When I was a little girl, my mom often put me in front of the TV while she did housework. Watching Julia Child from Julia & Company, whom I thought of as a babysitter, I absorbed the idea that the kitchen was a creative lab. By six, mom trusted me with chopping boiled eggs and mixing up cookie dough. Over the years, The French Chef and Good Eats filled my young brain with practical cooking skills and mom helped me put them into action.
Today when you turn on the TV, you will see that Food Network, once the flagship of cooking instructions, has filled programs with competitions like Chopped with celebrity judges, presenting restaurant dishes as luxury experiences that create a forbidding barrier to the kitchen – a far cry from early TV chefs' pursuit of accessibility. Product placements are built into the shows, turning cooking into a tool to chase ratings and make profits. Internet influencers have filled that gap with their creations, though not all pass our taste tests. With AI advancing, some influencers aren't even humans. Their contents are just eye candy for shrinking attention spans.
Yet hands-on practices that build life satisfaction, and any deeper link formed through them, are typically passed from one person to another. What I learned from The French Chef led me to the kitchen, but it was my mom who welcomed me to stand beside her at the counter, guiding me to chop vegetables and internalize many of her recipes to the degree that I can make them taste exactly as she did. It keeps her present in my life nearly a decade after she passed away.
The TV and Internet offer countless resources for mastering a skill, but my own experience is a vivid illustration that real skills take root only through personal instruction – when someone, be it real or on the TV, guides us patiently through small steps from an early age. Now, decades later, when friends ask why my sauces never break, I know it's those approachable, patient lessons from childhood living on in my hands.
24.What can be inferred about the author's early life
A. She learned to cook from a young age. B. She valued her babysitter Julia's help.
C. She was addicted to watching TV shows. D. She was burdened with heavy housework.
25.How does the author find the current shows on Food Network
A. Unprofessional. B. Commercialized. C. Instructive. D. Innovative.
26.What does “my sauces never break” in the last paragraph probably mean
A. I never mess up a dish. B. I never try new ingredients.
C. I never give up cooking. D. I never use mom's recipes.
27.What message does the author want to convey
A. Childhood memories shape career choices.
B. Hands-on guidance helps pass down skills.
C. Self-education is an essential part of learning.
D. Social media facilitate knowledge acquisition.
阅读理解B
语篇类型： 记叙文
主题语境： 人与自我——生活与学习——烹饪技能的代际传承
【文章大意】
本文作者回忆了自己从小通过电视烹饪节目和母亲的亲身指导学习烹饪的经历。她将Julia Child视为“保姆”，在厨房中把烹饪当作创意实验。随着年龄增长，《法国厨师》和《美食鉴赏》等节目为她提供了实用技能，而母亲则在她身边耐心引导，让她将这些技能内化于心。如今，电视烹饪节目日益商业化，网络内容真假难辨，但作者认为真正的技能只有在手把手的指导下才能扎根——正是童年时母亲温柔的教导，让她的菜肴至今从不失败。
【答案与解析】24-27. A B A B
24. A 解析：考查推理判断题。题干询问从作者的早年生活中可以推断出什么。定位到第一段：“By six, mom trusted me with chopping boiled eggs and mixing up cookie dough.”（六岁时，妈妈就放心让我切煮鸡蛋、搅拌曲奇面团。）由此可知，作者从小就开始学习烹饪。选项A“She learned to cook from a young age.”（她从小学习烹饪）符合这一推断。选项B“She valued her babysitter Julia's help.”（她重视保姆Julia的帮助）错误，因为Julia Child是电视厨师，并非真正的保姆，作者只是比喻；选项C“She was addicted to watching TV shows.”（她沉迷于看电视）过度推断；选项D“She was burdened with heavy housework.”（她负担繁重的家务）与原文不符。故选A。
25. B 解析：考查观点态度题。题干询问作者如何看待当前Food Network上的节目。定位到第二段：“Product placements are built into the shows, turning cooking into a tool to chase ratings and make profits.”（节目中植入广告，把烹饪变成了追逐收视率和盈利的工具。）作者还指出这些节目呈现餐厅菜肴为奢侈品，与早期电视厨师追求平易近人的风格相去甚远。由此可知，作者认为这些节目已经商业化。选项B“Commercialized.”（商业化的）准确概括。选项A“Unprofessional.”（不专业的）无依据；选项C“Instructive.”（有指导性的）与文意相反；选项D“Innovative.”（创新的）不符合作者态度。故选B。
26. A 解析：考查词义猜测题。题干询问最后一段中“my sauces never break”很可能是什么意思。该短语出现在结尾句：“I know it's those approachable, patient lessons from childhood living on in my hands.”（我知道正是童年那些平易近人、耐心的教导，至今仍在我的手中延续。）烹饪中“sauce breaks”通常指酱汁分离、起疙瘩或失败，“never break”即指酱汁做得成功，从未失败。结合上下文，作者强调自己从母亲那里学到的技巧扎实可靠，因此选项A“I never mess up a dish.”（我从未搞砸一道菜）最为贴切。选项B“I never try new ingredients.”（我从不尝试新食材）无依据；选项C“I never give up cooking.”（我从不放弃烹饪）偏离短语含义；选项D“I never use mom's recipes.”（我从不使用妈妈的食谱）与文意相反。故选A。
27. B 解析：考查主旨大意题。题干询问作者想要传达什么信息。文章开篇讲述电视节目给作者带来的启蒙，但重点转折在于第三段：“it was my mom who welcomed me to stand beside her at the counter, guiding me... It keeps her present in my life.”（是妈妈欢迎我站到她身边的台面上，引导我……让她在我生命中依然存在。）结尾再次强调：“real skills take root only through personal instruction”（真正的技能只有通过亲身指导才能扎根）。因此，作者的核心信息是：技能的传承需要手把手的耐心引导。选项B“Hands-on guidance helps pass down skills.”（手把手指导有助于传承技能）准确概括。选项A“Childhood memories shape career choices.”（童年记忆塑造职业选择）并非文章重点；选项C“Self-education is an essential part of learning.”（自学是学习的重要部分）与作者强调他人指导的观点相反；选项D“Social media facilitate knowledge acquisition.”（社交媒体促进知识获取）与作者对网络内容的保留态度不符。故选B。
【重点词汇】
flagship：旗舰；代表作
forbidding barrier：令人望而却步的障碍
a far cry from：与……截然不同
accessibility：可接近性；平易近人
product placements：植入式广告
eye candy：华而不实的东西；视觉甜点
shrinking attention spans：日益缩短的注意力持续时间
internalize：内化；使内化
vivid illustration：生动的例证
take root：扎根
【难句翻译】
1.“Watching Julia Child from Julia & Company, whom I thought of as a babysitter, I absorbed the idea that the kitchen was a creative lab.”
看着《朱莉与公司》节目中的朱莉娅·蔡尔德——我把她当作一位保姆——我逐渐接受了这样一种理念：厨房是一个创意的实验室。
2.“Food Network, once the flagship of cooking instructions, has filled programs with competitions like Chopped with celebrity judges, presenting restaurant dishes as luxury experiences that create a forbidding barrier to the kitchen – a far cry from early TV chefs' pursuit of accessibility.”
Food Network曾经是烹饪教学的旗舰频道，如今却充斥着像《厨艺大战》这样由名人评委坐镇的比赛节目，把餐厅菜肴呈现为奢侈体验，给普通人进入厨房制造了令人望而却步的障碍——这与早期电视厨师所追求的平易近人相去甚远。
3.“The TV and Internet offer countless resources for mastering a skill, but my own experience is a vivid illustration that real skills take root only through personal instruction – when someone, be it real or on the TV, guides us patiently through small steps from an early age.”
电视和互联网为掌握一项技能提供了无数的资源，但我自己的经历生动地说明：真正的技能只有通过亲身指导才能扎根——也就是某个人，无论是现实中还是电视里的，从我们小时候开始，耐心地一步步引导我们。
【参考译文】
我小时候，妈妈做家务时常把我放在电视机前。看着《朱莉与公司》里的朱莉娅·蔡尔德——我把她当作一位保姆——我逐渐接受了这样一种理念：厨房是一个创意的实验室。六岁时，妈妈就放心让我切煮鸡蛋、搅拌曲奇面团。多年来，《法国厨师》和《美食鉴赏》等节目给我年幼的大脑灌输了实用的烹饪技能，而妈妈则帮助我把它们付诸实践。
如今，当你打开电视，你会发现Food Network——曾经是烹饪教学的旗舰频道——如今充斥着像《厨艺大战》这样由名人评委坐镇的比赛节目，把餐厅菜肴呈现为奢侈体验，给普通人进入厨房制造了令人望而却步的障碍——这与早期电视厨师所追求的平易近人相去甚远。节目中植入广告，把烹饪变成了追逐收视率和盈利的工具。网络上的影响者填补了这一空白，但他们的创作并非都经得起我们的味觉测试。随着人工智能的发展，有些影响者甚至不是真人。他们的内容只是为日益缩短的注意力时长而制作的视觉甜点。
然而，能够带来生活满足感的动手实践，以及通过这些实践形成的深层联系，通常是通过人与人之间的传递来实现的。我从《法国厨师》中学到的东西把我领进了厨房，但真正让我站到妈妈身边的台面上的，是妈妈本人。她引导我切菜，把她的许多食谱内化到这样一种程度：我能做出和她一模一样的味道。她去世近十年后，这依然让她在我的生活中鲜活如初。
电视和互联网为掌握一项技能提供了无数的资源，但我自己的经历生动地说明：真正的技能只有通过亲身指导才能扎根——也就是某个人，无论是现实中还是电视里的，从我们小时候开始，耐心地一步步引导我们。几十年后的今天，当朋友们问起为什么我的酱汁从不失败时，我知道，正是童年那些平易近人、耐心的教导，至今仍在在我的手中延续。
24. 关于作者的早年生活，可以推断出什么？
A. 她从小学习烹饪 B. 她重视保姆朱莉娅的帮助
C. 她沉迷于看电视 D. 她负担繁重的家务
25. 作者如何看待当前Food Network上的节目？
A. 不专业的 B. 商业化的 C. 有指导性的 D. 创新的
26. 最后一段中“my sauces never break”很可能是什么意思？
A. 我从未搞砸一道菜 B. 我从不尝试新食材
C. 我从不放弃烹饪 D. 我从不使用妈妈的食谱
27. 作者想要传达什么信息？
A. 童年记忆塑造职业选择 B. 手把手指导有助于传承技能
C. 自学是学习的重要组成部分 D. 社交媒体促进知识获取
（补充一句：厨房里的记忆：从电视到母亲的言传身教）
C
We generally believe that wisdom grows naturally with experience. As time passes, we make mistakes, learn lessons, and gradually improve our judgment. This common belief is comforting because it suggests that simply living longer will improve our understanding of the world. However, research from psychology and behavioral science now challenges this idea, indicating that experience alone is not always a reliable teacher.
In many cases, repeated exposure does not sharpen judgment – rather, it dulls it. People who make the same decisions over and over often grow more confident without becoming more accurate. Consider an investor who continues to pour money into a declining stock because it once made him a fortune. Likewise, a doctor with years of experience in flu diagnosis might ignore an unusual symptom, only to realize later it was the first sign of a rare disease. Experience, it turns out, can solidify errors just as easily as it corrects them.
In complex environments like financial markets, relationships or parenting, the consequences of decisions are rarely clear. Success is easily credited to skill when it could just have easily been luck, while failure is excused anyway. How can we trust such biased interpretations This is why experience so often misleads us. The key is that experience leads to genuine learning only under very specific conditions. As Soyer and Hogarth note in the book The Myth of Experience, “Experience does not automatically lead to learning. What matters is not how much experience someone has, but whether the environment provides clear, timely, and reliable feedback.” When feedback is delayed or unclear, experience acts not as a teacher but as a cheater.
Ancient philosophers were cautious of this long before modern psychology started to explore it. Socrates distrusted the authority of experience when unaccompanied by reflection, insisting that unexamined beliefs grow more dangerous with time. Wisdom, on this view, does not emerge from repetition, but from the capacity to question what experience appears to have taught us.
28.What does the author mainly state in paragraph 1
A. Age makes people smart. B. Experience is no guarantee of wisdom.
C. Accumulation makes no sense. D. Mistakes and lessons improve judgment.
29.Which of the following examples can best fit in the second paragraph
A. A student avoids mistakes by reflecting on failures.
B. A worker improves efficiency with repeated practice.
C. A driver underestimates a curve after a hundred safe passes.
D. A teacher gains experience by continuously changing methods.
30.Why is the book quoted in paragraph 3
A. To clarify a doubt. B. To question a belief.
C. To define a concept. D. To support a claim.
31.Which is the best title for the text
A. The Past Experience: A Teacher or a Cheater
B. To Grow Old or Grow Wise: That's a Choice!
C. Repetitive Practice: The True Path to Wisdom
D. Ancient Philosophers: Guides for Modern Psychology
阅读理解 C
语篇类型： 议论文
主题语境： 人与自我——思维品质——经验与智慧的关系
【文章大意】
本文挑战“智慧随经验自然增长”的传统观念。作者指出，重复经验往往固化错误而非提升判断；只有环境提供清晰、及时、可靠的反馈时，经验才能带来真正学习。真正的智慧源于质疑经验的能力。
【答案与解析】28-31. B C D A
28. B 解析：考查段落主旨题。题干询问第一段作者主要陈述了什么。第一段先提出普遍信念：智慧随经验自然增长，然后转折指出“research... challenges this idea, indicating that experience alone is not always a reliable teacher”（研究挑战了这一观念，表明单纯经验并不总是可靠的老师）。选项B“Experience is no guarantee of wisdom.”（经验并非智慧的保证）准确概括。选项A“Age makes people smart.”（年龄使人聪明）是作者反驳的观点；选项C“Accumulation makes no sense.”（积累无意义）过于绝对；选项D“Mistakes and lessons improve judgment.”（错误和教训改善判断）只是传统观点的一部分，非作者主要陈述。故选B。
29. C 解析：考查推理判断题。题干询问哪个例子最适合放入第二段。第二段的核心论点是：重复经验会让人更自信但不更准确，从而固化错误。给出的例子包括投资者在下跌股票中继续投钱、医生忽略不寻常症状。选项C“A driver underestimates a curve after a hundred safe passes.”（司机在安全通过一百次后低估了一个弯道的危险）完美呼应这一论点——重复的安全经历让司机产生过度自信，反而忽视了潜在风险。选项A“A student avoids mistakes by reflecting on failures.”（学生通过反思失败避免错误）与文章观点相反；选项B“A worker improves efficiency with repeated practice.”（工人通过重复练习提高效率）是正面经验，不符合“固化错误”；选项D“A teacher gains experience by continuously changing methods.”（教师通过不断改变方法获得经验）也不符合。故选C。
30. D 解析：考查写作手法题。题干询问第三段引用这本书的目的。第三段先提出问题：复杂环境中决策结果不清晰，成功可能源于运气，失败被随意原谅，然后引用Soyer和Hogarth在《经验的神话》中的话：“Experience does not automatically lead to learning... What matters is whether the environment provides clear, timely, and reliable feedback.” 这句话直接支持了作者的观点——经验只有在特定条件下才能带来学习。因此引用是为了支撑论点。选项D“To support a claim.”（支持一个论点）正确。选项A“To clarify a doubt.”（澄清疑问）、B“To question a belief.”（质疑一个信念，但此处作者已质疑，引用是支持自己）、C“To define a concept.”（定义概念）均不准确。故选D。
31. A 解析：考查主旨大意题。题干要求选择最佳标题。全文围绕“经验究竟是老师还是欺骗者”这一核心问题展开：第一段提出质疑，第二段用例子说明经验可能固化错误，第三段指出复杂环境中反馈不清使经验成为“欺骗者”，第四段引用苏格拉底强调反思的重要性。选项A“The Past Experience: A Teacher or a Cheater ”（过往经验：老师还是欺骗者？）既抓住了文章的核心辩题，又包含了文中关键表达“act not as a teacher but as a cheater”。选项B“To Grow Old or Grow Wise: That's a Choice!”（变老还是变智慧：这是一个选择！）偏离主题；选项C“Repetitive Practice: The True Path to Wisdom”（重复练习：通往智慧的真路）与作者观点相反；选项D“Ancient Philosophers: Guides for Modern Psychology”（古代哲学家：现代心理学的指南）过于片面，仅为结尾例证。故选A。
【重点词汇】
wisdom：智慧
behavioral science：行为科学
sharpen judgment：提升判断力
dull：使迟钝
solidify errors：固化错误
biased interpretations：有偏见的解读
genuine learning：真正的学习
feedback：反馈
reflection：反思
unexamined beliefs：未经检验的信念
【难句翻译】
1.“Experience, it turns out, can solidify errors just as easily as it corrects them.”
事实证明，经验既能纠正错误，也同样容易固化错误。
2.“The key is that experience leads to genuine learning only under very specific conditions.”
关键在于，经验只有在非常特定的条件下才能带来真正的学习。
3.“What matters is not how much experience someone has, but whether the environment provides clear, timely, and reliable feedback.”
重要的不是一个人有多少经验，而是环境是否提供清晰、及时和可靠的反馈。
4.“Wisdom, on this view, does not emerge from repetition, but from the capacity to question what experience appears to have taught us.”
按照这种观点，智慧不是来自重复，而是来自质疑经验似乎教给我们的东西的能力。
【参考译文】
我们普遍认为智慧会随着经历自然增长。随着时间推移，我们犯错、吸取教训，逐渐提高判断力。这种普遍看法令人欣慰，因为它暗示只要活得足够久，我们对世界的理解就会提升。然而，心理学和行为科学的研究如今挑战了这一观念，指出单纯的经验并不总是可靠的老师。
在许多情况下，重复接触并不会提升判断力——反而会使其迟钝。一遍又一遍做出相同决定的人，往往会变得更自信，却未必更准确。试想一位投资者，因为某只股票曾让他赚了大钱，便不断向下跌的股票投入资金。同样，一位在流感诊断方面有多年经验的医生可能会忽略一个不寻常的症状，后来才发现那是某种罕见疾病的最初信号。事实证明，经验既能纠正错误，也同样容易固化错误。
在金融市场、人际关系或育儿等复杂环境中，决策的后果很少是清晰的。成功很容易被归功于技能，而它可能只是运气；失败则总会被找到借口。我们怎么能相信这种有偏见的解读呢？这就是经验常常误导我们的原因。关键在于，经验只有在非常特定的条件下才能带来真正的学习。正如Soyer和Hogarth在《经验的神话》一书中所指出的：“经验不会自动带来学习。重要的不是一个人有多少经验，而是环境是否提供清晰、及时和可靠的反馈。”当反馈被延迟或不清楚时，经验不是充当老师，而是充当欺骗者。
早在现代心理学开始探索这个问题之前，古代哲学家就对这一点保持警惕。苏格拉底不信任没有反思相伴的经验的权威，他坚持认为未经检验的信念会随着时间的推移变得更加危险。按照这种观点，智慧不是来自重复，而是来自质疑经验似乎教给我们的东西的能力。
28. 第一段作者主要陈述了什么？
A. 年龄使人聪明 B. 经验并非智慧的保证
C. 积累毫无意义 D. 错误和教训改善判断
29. 以下哪个例子最适合放入第二段？
A. 一个学生通过反思失败来避免错误
B. 一个工人通过重复练习提高效率
C. 一个司机在安全通过一百次后低估了一个弯道
D. 一个教师通过不断改变方法来积累经验
30. 第三段引用这本书的目的是什么？
A. 澄清疑问 B. 质疑一个信念 C. 定义概念 D. 支持一个论点
31. 本文最佳标题是？
A. 过往经验：老师还是欺骗者？ B. 变老还是变智慧：这是一个选择！
C. 重复练习：通往智慧的真路 D. 古代哲学家：现代心理学的指南
D
Speaking of fungi, most tend to picture mushrooms typically growing in soil. Actually our planet hosts an estimated 3.8 million species of fungi, acting as primary decomposers and nutrient recyclers. Some underground fungi can form the “wood wide web” to facilitate communication between trees. Beyond these common types, there exists a distinctive group known as pyrophilous fungi, also called fire-loving fungi, that thrive abundantly in fire-stricken areas. They can form structures to tolerate high temperatures that would kill most living organisms, surviving in soil over 200°F, then emerge when the forest has been ruined, growing into an ecosystem with far fewer competitors.
Pyrophilous fungi have long fascinated researchers, for they can break down burnt remains, mainly charcoal and ash, and this power lies at the heart of forest recovery. Yet the exact mechanisms behind it remained a mystery. Glassman, an ecologist at the University of California, cultivated fungi found in post-wildfire landscapes in the lab over five years. By exposing samples to charcoal, Glassman's team monitored and analyzed the fungal genes active in breaking down carbon compounds in charcoal. They found these genes have evolved in three main ways. The most exciting one is cross-species transfer where one kind of organism passes useful traits directly to another. The team's findings indicate that the charcoal-metabolizing genes originally came from bacteria and were transferred to pyrophilous fungi during their evolutionary history.
“Fungi have to eat but they can't make their own food, so the charcoal is a resource, and fungi have evolved to take advantage of it,” says Glassman. By degrading charcoal and releasing carbon, these pyrophilous fungi help restart nutrient cycles. Some species can even digest chemical pollutants. They also form dense fungal networks that hold the soil together, and upon dying, contribute a nutritious material to enrich the soil for future life.
Glassman highlights the prospect of using these organisms to help restore polluted landscapes and make the environment more hospitable for returning plants. As wildfires intensify, these delicate organisms possibly become the most important players in post-fire forest recovery.
32.What advantage do the pyrophilous fungi have
A. Their structures to resist heat. B. Their competitive nature in the wild.
C. Their ability to communicate with trees. D. Their vital roles in creating nutrients.
33.Why was the research on the fungi conducted according to paragraph 2
A. To cultivate them in a lab. B. To compare them with bacteria.
C. To classify their species. D. To uncover their genetic secret.
34.How does charcoal contribute to pyrophilous fungi's growth
A. By serving as a food supply. B. By holding soil together.
C. By forming a dense network. D. By releasing chemical pollutants.
35.What is Glassman's expectation about
A. Possible methods for new research. B. Medical value of fungi species.
C. Potential application of the finding. D. Strategic plan for plant selection.
阅读理解 D
语篇类型： 说明文
主题语境： 人与自然——生态修复——嗜火真菌与森林恢复
【文章大意】
本文介绍了嗜火真菌（pyrophilous fungi）的特性及其在火灾后森林恢复中的关键作用。研究发现，这类真菌能耐受极端高温，通过从细菌处获得的基因分解木炭和灰烬，从而重启营养循环、稳定土壤。研究者展望利用它们修复被污染的生态环境。
【答案与解析】32-35. A D A C
32. A 解析：考查细节理解题。题干询问嗜火真菌有什么优势。定位到第一段末尾：“They can form structures to tolerate high temperatures that would kill most living organisms, surviving in soil over 200°F”（它们能形成耐高温结构，在超过200华氏度的土壤中存活）。选项A“Their structures to resist heat.”（它们耐热的结构）准确概括了这一优势。其他选项B“Their competitive nature in the wild.”（在野外的竞争天性）文中未强调；C“Their ability to communicate with trees.”（与树木交流的能力）是其他真菌的特征，非嗜火真菌特有；D“Their vital roles in creating nutrients.”（在制造养分中的重要作用）虽然正确，但非题干所问的“优势”中最直接的独特之处。故选A。
33. D 解析：考查细节理解题。题干询问根据第二段，研究人员为什么对真菌进行研究。定位到第二段：“Yet the exact mechanisms behind it remained a mystery.”（其背后的确切机制仍然是个谜。）随后Glassman团队通过实验室培养和分析基因，发现了木炭代谢基因的进化方式，特别是跨物种转移。由此可知，研究目的是揭示其分解木炭的遗传机制。选项D“To uncover their genetic secret.”（揭示它们的遗传秘密）正确。其他选项A“To cultivate them in a lab.”（在实验室培养）是手段而非目的；B“To compare them with bacteria.”（将它们与细菌比较）是发现的一部分，非主要目的；C“To classify their species.”（对它们进行分类）未提及。故选D。
34. A 解析：考查推理判断题。题干询问木炭如何促进嗜火真菌的生长。定位到第三段Glassman的原话：“Fungi have to eat but they can't make their own food, so the charcoal is a resource”（真菌需要进食但不能自己制造食物，所以木炭是一种资源）。由此可知，木炭是真菌的食物来源。选项A“By serving as a food supply.”（作为食物供应）正确。其他选项B“By holding soil together.”（通过固定土壤）是真菌降解木炭后形成的网络的作用，而非木炭对真菌的贡献；C“By forming a dense network.”（形成致密网络）也是真菌自身的作用；D“By releasing chemical pollutants.”（释放化学污染物）文中提到部分真菌能消化污染物，但这不是木炭的作用。故选A。
35. C 解析：考查推理判断题。题干询问Glassman的期望是什么。定位到最后一段：“Glassman highlights the prospect of using these organisms to help restore polluted landscapes and make the environment more hospitable for returning plants.”（Glassman强调了利用这些生物来帮助修复被污染的景观，并使环境对回归的植物更加友好的前景。）这表明他期望将这些研究发现应用于生态修复。选项C“Potential application of the finding.”（研究成果的潜在应用）正确。其他选项A“Possible methods for new research.”（新研究可能的方法）、B“Medical value of fungi species.”（真菌物种的医学价值）、D“Strategic plan for plant selection.”（植物选择的战略计划）均未在文中提及。故选C。
【重点词汇】
fungi：真菌（复数）
pyrophilous fungi：嗜火真菌
decomposers：分解者
wood wide web：木材万维网（指菌根网络）
charcoal：木炭
cross-species transfer：跨物种基因转移
metabolizing：代谢
nutrient cycles：营养循环
hospitable：适宜的；友好的
【难句翻译】
1.“Beyond these common types, there exists a distinctive group known as pyrophilous fungi, also called fire-loving fungi, that thrive abundantly in fire-stricken areas.”
除了这些常见类型之外，还存在一个独特的类群，称为嗜火真菌，它们在遭受火灾的地区大量繁盛。
2.“The most exciting one is cross-species transfer where one kind of organism passes useful traits directly to another.”
最令人兴奋的一种是跨物种转移，即一种生物直接将有用性状传递给另一种生物。
3.“As wildfires intensify, these delicate organisms possibly become the most important players in post-fire forest recovery.”
随着野火加剧，这些脆弱的生物可能成为火灾后森林恢复中最重要的角色。
【参考译文】
说到真菌，大多数人会想到通常生长在土壤中的蘑菇。事实上，我们的星球上估计有380万种真菌，它们充当着主要的分解者和养分循环者。一些地下真菌可以形成“木材万维网”，促进树木之间的交流。除了这些常见类型之外，还存在一个独特的类群，称为嗜火真菌，它们在遭受火灾的地区大量繁盛。它们能够形成耐高温结构，在超过200华氏度的土壤中存活，然后在森林被毁后出现，生长在一个竞争者少得多的生态系统中。
嗜火真菌长期以来一直吸引着研究人员，因为它们能够分解烧焦的残留物，主要是木炭和灰烬，这种能力是森林恢复的核心。然而，其背后的确切机制仍然是个谜。加利福尼亚大学的生态学家Glassman在实验室中花了五年时间培养在野火后景观中发现的真菌。通过将样本暴露于木炭，Glassman的团队监测并分析了真菌中活跃于分解木炭中碳化合物的基因。他们发现这些基因以三种主要方式进化。最令人兴奋的一种是跨物种转移，即一种生物直接将有用性状传递给另一种生物。团队的研究结果表明，代谢木炭的基因最初来自细菌，并在进化过程中转移到了嗜火真菌中。
Glassman说：“真菌需要进食但不能自己制造食物，所以木炭是一种资源，真菌已经进化到可以利用它。”通过降解木炭并释放碳，这些嗜火真菌帮助重新启动营养循环。有些物种甚至可以消化化学污染物。它们还形成致密的真菌网络，将土壤固定在一起，并在死亡后贡献出营养丰富的物质，为未来的生命丰富土壤。
Glassman强调了利用这些生物来帮助修复被污染的景观，并使环境对回归的植物更加友好的前景。随着野火加剧，这些脆弱的生物可能成为火灾后森林恢复中最重要的角色。
32. 嗜火真菌有什么优势？
A. 它们耐热的结构 B. 它们在野外的竞争天性
C. 它们与树木交流的能力 D. 它们在制造养分中的重要作用
33. 根据第二段，为什么要对真菌进

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