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(共32张PPT)
Discovering Useful Structures P5不定式作表语
新人教选择性必修Book 3
Unit 1 Art
Learning objectives
In this class, you will
identify the usage of infinitives as predicative;
apply infinitives correctly in real situation.
Present: Read the following sentences from the text
1. It is hard to give a precise definition.
很难给出一个精确的定义。
2. it is impossible to describe them all in a short text.
在短短一篇文章中描述所有风格是不可能的。
3.Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries. 或许理解西方艺术的最佳方式是纵观西方绘画数个世纪以来的发展历程。
4.During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity.
在中世纪，西方艺术的目的是向人们传授基督教知识。
Present: Read the following sentences from the text
5. The main characters were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance.
主要人物往往被画得比其他人高大得多，以显示其重要性。
6. This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone.
这种情况在13世纪随着乔托·迪·邦多纳的出现开始改变。
7. They began to adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.
他们开始采取更加人文主义的生活态度。
8. Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael built upon Giotto and Masaccio's innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.
极具影响力的画家如列奥纳多·达·芬奇、米开朗基罗和拉斐尔等在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上，创作出了欧洲前所未见的一些最伟大的艺术作品。
Present: Read the following sentences from the text
9. Kings, nobles, and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved.
国王、贵族和高级阶层人士想要购买自己和他们所爱之人的精确画像。
10.After that, paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like.
在那之后，绘画不再需要保存人物和世界的模样。
11.In this work, Monet's aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene---the subjective impression the scene gave him---but not a detailed record of the scene itself.
在这幅作品中，莫奈的目标是传达场景中的光线和动态——即场景给他带来的主观印象——而非对场景本身的详细记录。
12.He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity as well.
他试图展现的不仅仅是描绘对象的外在形象，还有他们内在的热情和人性。
Present: Read the following sentences from the text
13.After Impressionism, subsequent artists began to ask, "What do we do next " 印象派之后，随后的艺术家们开始问："我们接下来做什么？
14.Painters such as Picasso tried to analyse the shapes which existed in the natural world but in a new way, with Cubism.
像毕加索这样的画家尝试以一种新的方式——立体主义，来分析存在于自然世界中的形状。
15.What they attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, "What is art "
他们试图做的已不再是展现现实，而是提出"什么是艺术？"这个问题。
16.Finally, most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at. 最后，大多数主顾都希望画作看起来美丽且有趣。
Observe: think of the function of the infinitives
1. It is hard to give a precise definition.
很难给出一个精确的定义。
2. it is impossible to describe them all in a short text.
在短短一篇文章中描述所有风格是不可能的。
3.Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries. 或许理解西方艺术的最佳方式是纵观西方绘画数个世纪以来的发展历程。
4.During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity.
在中世纪，西方艺术的目的是向人们传授基督教知识。
作真正主语，it 为形式主语
作真正主语，it 为形式主语
作定语，修饰名词 way
作表语，说明主语 way 的内容
作表语，说明主语 purpose 的内容
Observe: think of the function of the infinitives
5. The main characters were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance.
主要人物往往被画得比其他人高大得多，以显示其重要性。
6. This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone.
这种情况在13世纪随着乔托·迪·邦多纳的出现开始改变。
7. They began to adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.
他们开始采取更加人文主义的生活态度。
8. Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael built upon Giotto and Masaccio's innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.
极具影响力的画家如列奥纳多·达·芬奇、米开朗基罗和拉斐尔等在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上，创作出了欧洲前所未见的一些最伟大的艺术作品。
作宾语，动词 began 的宾语
作目的状语，说明使主要人物更大的目的
作宾语，动词 began 的宾语
作目的状语，说明创新的目的
Observe: think of the function of the infinitives
9. Kings, nobles, and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved.
国王、贵族和高级阶层人士想要购买自己和他们所爱之人的精确画像。
10.After that, paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like.
在那之后，绘画不再需要保存人物和世界的模样。
11.In this work, Monet's aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene---the subjective impression the scene gave him---but not a detailed record of the scene itself.
在这幅作品中，莫奈的目标是传达场景中的光线和动态——即场景给他带来的主观印象——而非对场景本身的详细记录。
12.He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity as well.
他试图展现的不仅仅是描绘对象的外在形象，还有他们内在的热情和人性。
作宾语，动词 wanted 的宾语
目的状语，说明需要绘画的目的
作表语，说明主语 aim 的内容
作宾语，动词 sought 的宾语
Observe: think of the function of the infinitives
13.After Impressionism, subsequent artists began to ask, "What do we do next "
印象派之后，随后的艺术家们开始问："我们接下来做什么？
14.Painters such as Picasso tried to analyse the shapes which existed in the natural world but in a new way, with Cubism.
像毕加索这样的画家尝试以一种新的方式——立体主义，来分析存在于自然世界中的形状。
15.What they attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, "What is art "
他们试图做的已不再是展现现实，而是提出"什么是艺术？"这个问题。
16.Finally, most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at. 最后，大多数主顾都希望画作看起来美丽且有趣。
作宾语，动词 began 的宾语
作宾语，动词 tried 的宾语
作宾语，动词 attempted 的宾语
作状语，表示 “在观赏方面有趣”
Read the sentences below and fill in the blanks using the correct words from the text on pages 2 and 3(p.5).
1. Perhaps the best _________ to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.
2. During the Middle Ages, the __________ of Western art was to teach people about Christianity.
3. In this work, Monet’s ________ was to convey the light and movement in the scene …
4. ________________________What they attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, "What is art "
way
purpose
aim
What they attempted to do
The infinitives are used as predicative(表语).
1. The young singer’s intention of performing the song was
________________________________________. (和他
的歌迷们分享他对摇滚音乐的热爱)
2. The best way to do business is _____________________
______________. (建立你和客户之间的信任)
3. What the survivors attempted to do was _____________
_______________________________________. (建造
一座纪念碑纪念那些拯救了他们生命的英雄们)
to share his love for rock music with his fans
to build trust between you
memorial to the heroes who save their lives
intention
way
What the survivors attempted to do
表“意愿”
表“做法”
表“该件事尚未完成”
and your client
to build a
Explore: complete the following sentences with infinitives and pay attention to the subjects(p.5).
4. The main purpose of art education in schools is ____________________________. (启发学生有创造力)
5. The aim of the two leaders at the conference was
_________________________________________________________. (在两国之间建立永远的和平。)
6. For a humble person, one of the hardest things might be _____________________. (批评其他人)
to inspire students to be creative
to achieve permanent peace between their two
to criticize other people
purpose
表“目的”
aim
表“目的”
one of the hardest things
表“行为方法”
countries
7. When you are faced with a serious decision, my
suggestion is ____________________________.
(聆听你自己内心的声音)
8. The mother believes her duty is _____________
__________________________________________.
(抚养儿子成为一个有高尚思维和大方心胸的人)
9. All he wanted after a tiring day was __________
_______. (自己一个人呆着)
to listen to your own inner voice
be a man with a noble mind and a generous heart
to be left
to raise her son to
suggestion
表“建议”
duty
All he wanted
表“责任”
表“该件事尚未完成”
alone
动词不定式作表语
Infinitives as the predicative
Summary
一、什么是表语？
在英语中表示主语的身份,状态,特征等的部分叫表语。位于系动词之后,与之构成系表结构。
二、动词不定式作表语的结构
am/is/are/was/were + 不定式
三、不定式作表语的使用情况
1. 紧跟在系动词后面，如be, seem, remain,
appear, get等，用来说明主语的内容。
2. 主语以way, aim, duty, hope, dream, idea,
intention, purpose, mistake, plan, proposal, job, suggestion, task等抽象名词为中性词的名词词组，常在 “be 动词”后作表语。
e.g.The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children.
教育的目的是发展儿童良好的品格
1. 表示目的
The purpose is to understand exactly what
conveys in the contemporary painting.
目的就是要弄清楚这幅当代画所表达的确切
内涵。
2. 表示事态发展的结果、预期的结果及预言
We believe man is to live a better life in the
future.
我们相信人类在将来会生活得更好。
四、动词不定式作表语的功能
3. 表示“安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿、禁止”等。
I am to set out for China next week.
下周我要动身到中国去。
You are to have a face-to-face talk with them.
你应该和他们当面谈一谈。
Children are not to smoke.
儿童不准吸烟。
（安排）
（劝告）
（禁止）
4.用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求意见。
What am I to do if I can’t gain entry to the final
如果不能进入决赛，我该怎么办呢？
四、动词不定式作表语的功能
1. 不定式短语to let，to blame，to seek 等常用
主动形式表示被动含义
五、不定式作表语的特殊用法
The house is to let.
这栋房子要出租。
Who is to blame for the population decline of the tigers in that area
谁应该为那个地区老虎数量的下降负责任？
The reason for global warming is not far to seek.
全球变暖的原因不难找到。
2. 当主语部分含有动词 do 的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可省略to。
What they attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, “What is art ”
他们尝试做的不再是展示真实，而是去问“艺术是什么？”这个问题。
Anything we can do is guarantee it will be delivered on time.
我们能做的只是保证按时交货。
五、不定式作表语的特殊用法
Apply: Rewrite each sentence using the infinitive as the predicative.(p.62)
1. If you really want to learn driving, going to a driving school might be the best choice. (my advice is …)
→ If you want to learn driving, my advice is to go to a driving school.
2. He bought the computer just because he would rather work at home than go to the office. (The reason that …)
→____________________________________________________________________________________
The reason that he bought the computer is to work at home rather than go to the office.
3. Doing deep breathing exercises for ten minutes can make you feel more relaxed. (A good way to relax is …)
→____________________________________________________________________________________
4. This year I hope I can achieve my goal of performing a flute solo (独奏) at the school's art festival. (My goal this year is …)
→____________________________________________________________________________________
A good way to relax is to do deep breathing exercises for ten minutes.
My goal this year is to perform a flute solo at the school's art festival.
5. To tell you the truth, I take yoga classes simply because I want to stay in shape. (…, my purpose …)
→____________________________________________________________________________________
6. With his car stuck in the snow, he could do nothing but wait for help to arrive. (…, all he could do was …)
→____________________________________________________________________________________
To tell you the truth, my purpose of taking yoga classes is to stay in shape.
With his car stuck in the snow, all he could do was wait for help to arrive.
Apply: Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.(p.62)
Star Primary School's art studio, Room 26, is open to any child at playtime, lunchtime, or after school.
On Fridays, if the children have completed all their schoolwork, they can spend the rest of day there. Artist Bob Smith and his assistant Joan Grant Gibb are the only adults ___________ (work) there. They are the children's employees.
Room 26 is an independent business separate from the school, and has a committee of members all under the age of 12. For the committee, they need to think of some ways __________ (make) ends meet. They take and sell school photographs. They also make cards ________ (sell). Another way of managing their finances is _________ (raise) more funds. Thus they can pay for art materials and employ professional artists.
working
to make
to sell
to raise
Apply: Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.(p.62)
Instead of _______ (teach) how to draw, the purpose of Room 26 is _______ (offer) a kind of creative education. In Room 26, students are encouraged _______ (be) creative and responsible for themselves. They have the freedom _____________ (pursue) their own ideas and interests rather than __________ (follow) a curriculum.
teaching
to offer
to be
to pursue
follow
词块：be open to 对……开放
at playtime / lunchtime / after school 在课间/午餐时间/放学后
the rest of ……的剩余部分
under the age of 在……岁以下
make ends meet 收支平衡，维持生计
pay for 支付
instead of 代替，而不是
be encouraged to do 被鼓励做某事
be responsible for 对……负责
rather than 而不是
have the freedom to do 有做某事的自由
art studio 艺术工作室
independent business 独立经营的企业
committee 委员会
manage finances 管理财务
raise funds 筹集资金
employ professional artists 聘请专业艺术家
creative education 创意教育
curriculum 课程（大纲）
Create: use infinitives to answer the questions and make conversations.
1. What’s your biggest dream/ambition in life
2. How are you going to make your dream come true
3. How are you going to achieve your goal
4. Do you have any plans
5. What might be difficult for you
6. How are you going to deal with ...
Example:
My biggest ambition in life is to be a storywriter.
I think all I have to do is read books and practise writing.
My plan is to make a reading list and finish it in half a year...
Prepare to give a speech entitled “I Have A Dream”. Your speech should include the answers of the above questions.
· My biggest dream / ambition in life is to ____.
· I think all I have to do is ________________.
· My plan is to _________________________.
· I think one of the hardest thing might be _____.
· I guess the best way to ______ is ___________.
I Have A Dream
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
The following sheet will be helpful to your draft.
I Have A Dream
Hello, everyone! Today I’m here to share with you my dream.
My biggest dream in life is to _______. People might wonder why I had such a special dream. Well, it’s because ________________.
I really want to realise this dream. I think all I have to do is________. To realise my goal, my plan is to ______.
To be honest, I do understand it is never easy to pursue a dream. One of the hardest things might be ________. However, nothing is impossible to a willing heart. Difficult as it is, I guess the best way to _______ is ____.
I am proud of my dream, and Iwill deinitely fight for it! Thank you for listening.
I Have A Dream
Hello, everyone! Today I'm here to share with you my dream.
My biggest dream in life is to become a rural teacher. People might wonder why I had such a special dream. Well, it's because I grew up in a small village and I know how eager those children are for knowledge, yet how short of qualified teachers their schools are.
I really want to realise this dream. I think all I have to do is study hard and gain enough knowledge and skills. To realise my goal, my plan is to major in education at university, participate in volunteer teaching programs during vacations, and apply to teach in rural areas after graduation.
To be honest, I do understand it is never easy to pursue a dream. One of the hardest things might be to adapt to the poor living conditions and miss my family far away. However, nothing is impossible to a willing heart. Difficult as it is, I guess the best way to overcome these challenges is to stay committed to my original intention and find joy in helping children grow.
I am proud of my dream, and I will definitely fight for it! Thank you for listening.
Possible version 1
I Have A Dream
Hello, everyone! Today I'm here to share with you my dream.
My biggest dream in life is to become an environmental scientist. People might wonder why I had such a special dream. Well, it's because I witnessed the severe pollution in my hometown river during my childhood, and I deeply feel the urgency to protect our planet.
I really want to realise this dream. I think all I have to do is to build a solid foundation in science and develop innovative thinking. To realise my goal, my plan is to focus on biology and chemistry at school, enter a top university for environmental studies, and join research teams working on sustainable solutions.
To be honest, I do understand it is never easy to pursue a dream. One of the hardest things might be to face repeated failures in experiments and maintain patience over years of research. However, nothing is impossible to a willing heart. Difficult as it is, I guess the best way to keep myself motivated is to remind myself of the positive impact my work could bring to future generations.
I am proud of my dream, and I will definitely fight for it! Thank you for listening..
Possible version 2
Thank you!

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