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(共46张PPT)
Presentation
Unit5 Nature’s Temper
Section A What happens during a natural disaster
Grammar Focus (4a-4d)
语法课公开课
单元主题范畴：人与自我＆人与自然
单元主题内容：珍爱生命的意识；自然灾害与防范措施，人身安全与自我保护
(2024新版)人教版 八年级(下册)
Presentation
Learning Objectives
1.学生能识别并理解过去进行时（was/were + 现在分词）的结构，明确其表示过去某一时刻 / 时间段正在进行的动作; 学生能掌握 when 和 while 引导时间状语从句的用法区别（学习理解）
2.能够依据语法规则，正确完成when/while合并句子、语篇补全的练习；模仿创编“灾害经历交流”对话，合理融入目标语法，实现信息问答与意义表达；(学习理解，应用实践)
3.学生能了解自然灾害场景下的安全应对行为，增强自我保护意识。学生能通过描述灾害中的家庭互动，体会家人间的互助与温暖，培养珍惜当下的情感。(迁移创新)
Presentation
Look and say
Look at the picture and answer the question.
What is happening right now
It is raining heavily.
A truck is driving on the street.
Some people are walking in the water.
A reporter is taking photos for the people.
Presentation
Look and say
Look at the picture and answer the question.
If this situation happened last week. Can you describe what was happening when the typhoon hit
It was raining heavily.
A truck was driving on the street.
Some people were walking in the water.
A reporter was taking photos for the people.
Presentation
Think and say
What’s the difference between these sentences
It is raining heavily. It was raining heavily.
A truck is driving on the street. A truck was driving on the street.
Some people are walking in the water. Some people were walking in the water.
A reporter is taking photos for the people. A reporter was taking photos for the people.
be+v-ing is used for actions happening now
was/were+v-ing is for actions that were happening in the past
present continuous tense（现在进行时）
past continuous tense (过去进行时)
Presentation
Watch and say
What were they doing when the typhoon hit
They were reading together
when the typhoon hit.
They were having dinner
when the typhoon hit.
He was driving
back home when
the typhoon hit.
Presentation
Please watch the video carefully and write down the actions of people.
Watch and write
Presentation
Look and say
When the accident happened, everyone shared their activities.
I was mending my roof.
I was making a phone call.
I was playing my guitar.
I was waiting for his friends and
reading the newspaper.
I was doing my homework.
I was playing my flute.
We were learning English.
We were having a great party.
I was working in my office.
I was repairing my car.
Presentation
Think and say
I was doing my homework.
I was waiting for his friends and
reading the newspaper.
We were having a great party.
I was playing my guitar.
We were learning English.
I was repairing my car.
I was working in my office.
I was mending my roof.
I was making a phone call.
I was playing my flute.
When
the accident
happened,
Can you find some rules
be 动词
动词ing形式
主语
was/were
过去进行时态的结构
过去进行时态的定义
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行
或发生的动作。
Presentation
Read the sentences. Underline the verbs which show an ongoing action in the past.
4a
Read and underline
What were you doing while it was snowing heavily I was travelling on the train then.
What were your family doing when the typhoon hit My children and I were reading together.
When my neighbour called, my family were having dinner. We were driving home when the strong winds started. While we were driving home, the strong winds started. It was raining hard while we were driving back. Pay attention to the verbs form. What tense is it
Presentation
Watch and fill
That you were Romeo
you______________pebbles
And my daddy said
stay away from Juliet
And I _____________on the staircase
Begging you please don't go
And I said
Romeo take me
somewhere we can be alone
I'll be waiting all there's left to do is run
You'll be the prince and I'll be the princess
It's a love story
Baby just say yes
were throwing
was crying
过去进行时
was/were+doing
Presentation
过去进行时的定义
Past Progressive Tense
核心定义
表示过去某个具体时间，或者过去某个时间段里，正在进行、正在发生的动作。
通俗理解
就像在拍视频，定格了过去某一刻正在发生的画面，不是完成的动作，是“正在做”的状态。
I was taking a shower at this time yesterday.(过去某个具体时间)
I was doing my homework at six p.m. last Sunday.(同上)
We were practicing English from seven to nine last night.(过去时间段)
They were planting trees from nine to twelve yesterday.(同上)
Look and say
Presentation
Watch and learn
Past Progressive
Tense 过去进行时
Presentation
过去进行时的用法
Past Progressive Tense
Look and say
1. 表达过去某一具体时刻，正在做的事。
昨晚8点，我正和家人一起看电视。
铃声响起时，她正在教室里看小说。
At 8 o'clock last night, I was watching TV with my family.
When the bell rang, she was reading a novel in the classroom.
Presentation
Look and say
2. 过去某段时间，一直持续做的事
昨天晚上7点到9点，我一直在做数学作业。
整个周末，他们都在为期末考试做准备。
From 7 to 9 yesterday evening,
I was doing my math homework.
All weekend, they were preparing for the final exam.

过去进行时的用法
Past Progressive Tense
Presentation
Look and say
过去进行时的用法
Past Progressive Tense
3. 两个过去动作同时发生（when/while引导）
我正在看书，而我的父母正在看电视。
铃响的时候，我们正在上英语课。
I was reading a book while my parents were watching TV.
We were having an English class when the bell rang.
When 和while 引导的时间状语从句中谓语动词有什么区别
Presentation
4a
Read and think
What were you doing while it was snowing heavily I was travelling on the train then.
What were your family doing when the typhoon hit My children and I were reading together.
When my neighbour called, my family were having dinner. We were driving home when the strong winds started. While we were driving home, the strong winds started. It was raining hard while we were driving back. Read the sentences and think about the usage and differences between when and while.
Presentation
Look and say
Let's first learn about durative verbs(延续性动词) and non-durative verbs((非延续性动词).
read study work stand know keep have wait watch sing sleep alive stay walk …
延续性动词（持续性动词）
表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以长时间的延续下去或产生持久的影响。
非延续性动词（短暂性动词、瞬间动词）
表示不能够延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。
begin close buy die come fail find finish go join kill leave lend lose sell start stop borrow…
Presentation
Look and say
when引导的时间状语从句可以表示一个时间点, 也可以表示一个时间段。从句中可以用瞬间性动词，也可以用延续性动词。时态既可以用一般过去时，也可以用过去进行时。
when引导的时间状语从句
当山体滑坡发生时，天正下着大雨。
当野火在山间蔓延时，电力中断了。
It was raining heavily when the landslide happened.
The power was cut off when the wildfire was spreading across the mountain.
Past Progressive Tense
Presentation
Look and say
when引导的时间状语从句
Past Progressive Tense
I was walking to school when I saw a cat in a tree.
When Sally arrived home, her mother was cleaning the house.
I arrived at home while/when my mum was cooking.
主句：动作是持续性
从句：动作是短暂性
从句：动作是短暂性
主句：动作是持续性
主句：动作是短暂性
从句：动作是延续性
主句的动作是持续的，而从句的动作是短暂的，此时用_________ 引导时间状语从句，主句用___________时态，从句用___________时态。
when
过去进行
一般过去
主句的动作是短暂性的，从句的动作是持续性的，此时用_____________引导从句，主句用_________时态，从句用__________时态。
while/when
一般过去
过去进行
Presentation
Look and say
while引导的时间状语从句
Past Progressive Tense
while引导的时间状语从句常指一个时间段，从句中的动词常为延续性的。while有时还可表示主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生。
他在等公交的时候，朋友叫住了他。
妈妈在做饭时，我正在写作业。
While he was waiting for the bus, his friend called him.
While my mom was cooking, I was
doing my homework.
Presentation
Look and say
while引导的时间状语从句
Past Progressive Tense
______引导从句，主句用 __________时态，从句用________________。
While I was sleeping in the bedroom, my father came in .
David fell while he was riding his bike.
while
一般过去
主句：动作是短暂性
从句：动作是持续性
主句：动作是短暂性
从句：动作是持续性
过去进行时态
Presentation
Look and say
while引导的时间状语从句
Past Progressive Tense
While Andy was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.
He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.
主句和从句的动作在过去的某时刻或某段时间同时发生，而且动作都是
持续性的，此时用 _____引导从句，而且主句和从句都用 _________ 时态。
主句：动作是持续性
主句：动作是持续性
从句：动作是持续性
while
过去进行
从句：动作是持续性
Presentation
Look and say
when 和while的区别
Past Progressive Tense
while后通常加过去进行时的句子
引导的时间状语从句
既可以指时间段，也可以指时间点
一般只指一段时间（时间段）
从句中的谓语动词
可以是延续性动词（如 wait, cook）也可以是瞬间性动词（如 happen, arrive）
只能是表状态的延续性动词（如 wait, read, run, rain）
常用时态搭配
when 后面通常加一般过去时的从句，有时候也可以加过去进行时的句子
while
when
Presentation
Watch and learn
when后可长亦可短，
while后面只可长；
若是两边都为长，
中间while来帮忙;
when多接一般过去时，
while常跟进行时。
记忆口诀
注意：有时when可以代替while，
而while 则不能代替when。
Presentation
Look and fill
Fill in the blanks with when or while
_______________ I was walking home, I saw a car accident.
The phone rang _______________ I was taking a shower.
_______________ the earthquake happened, people were sleeping.
My mother was cooking _______________ my father was reading the newspaper.
_______________ Tom was doing his homework, his friend came in.
I was watching TV _______________ the lights went out.
_______________ the teacher came into the classroom, the students were talking loudly.
While
while
When
while
While
when
When
Presentation
Look and say
Past Progressive Tense
过去进行时的结构
1. I was staying in my basement with my family.
2. She was sleeping in her bedroom when the tornado came.
3. I wasn’t feeling scared because we were safe in the basement.
4. What were you doing when the tornado hit yesterday
5. Were you watching the news at that time No, I wasn’t.
6. What were your parents doing while you were in the basement
特殊疑问句
____________ + 主语 + v-ing + 其他
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+ was/were.
否定回答：No, 主语+ wasn't/weren't.
一般疑问句
____________ + was/were + 主语 + v-ing + 其他
肯定句
否定句
主语 + _________ + _______ +其他.
主语 + was/were + ____ + v-ing +其他.
句式
was/were v-ing
not
Was/Were
特殊疑问词
Presentation
Look and say
Look and say
过去进行时的标志词
Past Progressive Tense
1. at+具体时刻+过去时间(at five last Saturday)
昨晚 8 点，她正在看书。
She was reading a book at 8 o'clock last night.
2. at this time+过去时间(at this time; yesterday)
昨天这个时候，他们正在湖边野餐。
At this time yesterday, they were having a picnic by the lake.
3. 过去时间段(from nine to ten; last evening)
昨天早上 9 点到 11 点，他一直在为考试复习。
He was studying for the exam from 9 to 11 yesterday morning.
Presentation
Look and say
过去进行时的标志词
Past Progressive Tense
4. at that time/moment
那一刻，我正在和妈妈打电话。
I was talking to my mom on the phone at that moment.
5. while + 过去进行时句子 当……（持续动作）
when + 过去时间点 / 过去简单句 当……（那一刻）时
爸爸做饭的时候，妈妈正在摆餐具。
While my dad was cooking, my mom was setting the table.
下雨的时候，我们正在公园里散步。
When the rain started, we were walking in the park.
Presentation
Watch and learn
一般过去时
过去进行时
Presentation
Look and say
过去进行时与其它时态的区别
Past Progressive Tense
一般过去时 现在进行时态 过去进行时
用法 描述过去发生的动作 / 状态（已结束，与现在无关） 描述现在正在发生的动作 / 当前持续的状态 描述过去某个时间点 / 时间段正在发生的动作（强调 “当时正在做”）
构成 主语 + did（动词过去式） + 其他 主语 + am/is/are + doing（动词现在分词） 主语 + was/were + working（现在分词）
时间 nyesterday/last week/just now/in 2020 now/look/listen/at the moment at 8 o'clock last night/this time yesterday/when/while 引导的过去时间句
Presentation
Look and fill
根据句意和时间标志词，用括号内动词的正确时态填空。
Tom ________ (watch) TV last night. He usually reads books at night,
but yesterday he chose to relax.
2. Listen! Someone ____________ (sing) in the next room. It sounds like Lily.
3. What ________ you ________ (do) at 9 o’clock yesterday morning I
called you but no one answered.
4. My mother ________ (cook) dinner every evening, but tonight
she ____________ (order) takeout because she’s busy.
5. When the rain ________ (start) yesterday afternoon, we
_______________ (play) soccer on the playground
watched
is singing
were doing
cooks
is ordering
started
were playing
Presentation
Look and combine
4b
Combine each pair of sentences using when or while.
1. I did my homework. The typhoon landed on the coast.
I was doing my homework when the typhoon landed on the coast.
2. The power went out. My father and I made dinner.
My father and I were making dinner when the power went out.
3. Kate wrote a letter. Her brother called to warn her of the storm.
Kate was writing a letter when her brother called to warn her of the storm.
While/When I was doing my homework , the typhoon landed on the coast.
非延续性
延续性
While/When My father and I were making dinner, the power went out.
While/When Kate was writing a letter ,her brother called to warn her of the storm.
延续性
非延续性
非延续性
延续性
Presentation
Look and combine
4b
Combine each pair of sentences using when or while.
4. My parents packed the supplies. I moved our things off the
floor.
My parents were packing the supplies while I was moving our things off the floor.
5. I slept soundly. It rained cats and dogs.
I was sleeping soundly while it was raining cats and dogs.
延续性
延续性
延续性
延续性
常用的英语俚语，
“倾盆大雨”。
Presentation
Watch and say
What natural
disasters is this
It's a tornado.
Let's read Jenny's story and
see what her family was doing
when the tornado hit.
Presentation
Read and complete
4c
Complete the passage with was, were, when, or while.
When Jenny looked up, thick black clouds were forming
in the sky, and the rain ______ beating against their roof.
“Quick, this way,” said Dad.
The family ran to the safe room at once. ____________ they were waiting, Jenny's little sister started to cry. Dad gave her some chocolate and told her that they ______ hiding from an angry lion. Soon, she was laughing again.
At last, the storm passed. ______ they stepped outside, they found the sun shining. People were asking one another if they were safe while some ______ starting to clear the streets. Jenny smiled. The tornado was scary, but it also brought everyone closer together.
was
While
were
When
were
Presentation
Read and answer
4c
Read the passage again and answer the questions.
1.What disaster did Jenny's family meet
2.Were they safe during the disaster
How do you know
Who played a key role in the process
3.What did Jenny's father compare the tornado to
Do you think a tornado is like an angry lion In what ways are they alike
4. What do you think of Jenny's father
5.Why does the writer say "The tornado was scary, but it also brought everyone closer together."
They met a tornado.
Yes, they were.
They ran to the safe room.
Jenny's father played a key role.
He compared the tornado to an angry lion.
Yes.
Both are very scary and dangerous.
calm
responsible
brave
...
Because people work together and help each other after the tornado. It brought everyone closer together.
Presentation
Look and interview
4d
Imagine that you are a reporter. Interview a member of Jenny's family and find out what he or she was doing around the time of the tornado.
A: What were you doing when the tornado hit
B: My family and I were hiding in a safe room.
A: What were you doing while you were waiting there
B: Oh, while I ...
Time Interview questions
Before the tornado
During the tornado
After the tornado
Presentation
Look and say
Look and interview
4d
Imagine that you are a reporter. Interview a member of Jenny's family and find out what he or she was doing around the time of the tornado.
Before the tornado
- How was the weather before the tornado hit
- Where were your family
During the tornado
- What did you do when the tornado came near
- Who acted most quickly in your family
- Were you afraid of the tornado
Was any member of your family afraid of it
- How did your family members comfort each other
After the tornado
- What was the weather like
- What did the people in your neighbourhood
say to each other - What did they do
- How do you feel about your family and your neighbourhood
Time
Interview question
Presentation
Look and say
Look and interview
4d
Imagine that you are a reporter. Interview a member of Jenny's family and find out what he or she was doing around the time of the tornado.
A: What were you doing when the tornado hit
B: My family and I were hiding in a safe room.
A: What were you doing while you were waiting there
B: Oh, while I was holding my little sister, I was telling her a funny story.
A: What was your mother doing while you were telling the story
B: She was checking the weather news on her phone.
A: What were you doing when the tornado hit
B: My family and I were hiding in a safe room.
A: What were you doing while you were waiting there
B: Oh, while my father was checking the door, I was looking for our emergency kit.
A: What were you thinking when you heard the loud wind
B: I was thinking, “Will we be safe ”
Presentation
Watch and learn
Presentation
Look and say
Though disasters are cruel, human kindness never fades.
After every storm, a bright rainbow will surely shine again.
灾难无情人有情。 风雨过后，定有彩虹。
Learn the signs, be smart and brave —
Stay prepared, a life you'll save.
Presentation
Class test
1. —What were you doing ______ the typhoon hit
—I was watching TV with my family.
A. when B. while C. because D. until
2. My mother ______ dinner when the strong wind started.
A. cooks B. is cooking C. was cooking D. cooked
3. We were driving home ______ it began to rain heavily.
A. while B. when C. so D. but
4. ______ I was reading, my little sister was drawing beside me.
A. When B. While C. Before D. After
5. The family ______ to the safe room when the tornado came.
A. run B. ran C. were running D. runs
一、单项选择
Presentation
Class test
二、选词填空。
Last night, a terrible (1) ______ hit our town. The wind was (2) ______ against the windows, and (3) ______ clouds covered the sky. I was sleeping (4) ______ when the storm began, but the noise woke (5)______ up. Suddenly, the (6) ______ went out, and everything was dark. My little sister was scared, so we (7) ______ under the bed. (8) ______ we were hiding, we could hear the rain pounding on the roof. My parents were in the living room. They (9) ______ trying to calm my baby brother. After the storm passed, we went outside. The streets were covered (10) ______ branches. I felt lucky that we were safe. That night, I didn't sleep soundly because I kept thinking about the storm. When I finally fell asleep, it was already morning.
storm
power soundly thick beat hide with while I were storm
beating
thick
soundly
me
power
hid
while
were
with
Presentation
Must do:
Copy 5 key sentences with when/while and past continuous tense (e.g., I was reading when the rain started).
Choose to do:
Draw a "safe room" for your family and label it in English (e.g., safe room, water, food).
谢谢
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Unit 5 Section A Grammar Focus (4a-4d)语言点精讲精练
I．语言点精讲
1. The power went out. 停电了。
power / pa (r)/n. 电力供应；能量；力量；权力
① 【不可数名词】电力供应 power cut/failure 停电
电力恢复了。The power came back on.
② 【不可数名词】 能量 nuclear/wind/solar power 核能 / 风能 / 太阳能
太阳能是一种清洁能源。
Solar power is a clean energy source.
③【不可数名词】力量
那艘船只能任凭强大的暴风雨肆虐。
The ship was helpless against the power of the storm.
④ 【可数名词】&【不可数名词】权力
have the power to do sth. 有权力做某事
老板有权做这个决定。
The boss has the power to make the decision.
拓展 powerful 【形容词】 有影响力的；强有力的
一位有影响力的领导者能激励许多人。
A powerful leader can inspire many people.
2. I slept soundly. 我睡得很酣畅。
soundly / sa ndli/adv.(睡觉) 酣畅地；可靠地；完全彻底地
"sound (adj. 酣畅的；可靠的；透彻的)+ -ly (副词后缀)" 构成。
宝宝整晚都睡得很香甜。The baby slept soundly all night.
实验数据可靠地支持了他的理论。
Experimental data soundly supported his theory.
3. When Jenny looked up, thick black clouds were forming in the sky, and the rain was beating against their roof. 当珍妮抬头看时，天空中正在形成厚厚的乌云，雨水敲打着他们的屋顶。
beat/bi:t/v. 敲；打 过去式为 beat, 过去分词为 beaten
有人在敲鼓。(作及物动词) Someone was beating a drum.
拓展 beat 的其他用法:
【及物动词】 战胜，打败
He beat me at chess. 他下棋赢了我。
不及物动词】 跳动
After exercising, your skin is sweating and your heart is beating fast.
锻炼后，你的皮肤会出汗，并且你的心脏跳得很快。
Dad gave her some chocolate and told her that they were hiding from an angry lion.
爸爸给了她一些巧克力，并告诉她他们在躲避一只愤怒的狮子。
hide /ha d/v. 躲藏；隐蔽 过去式为 hid, 过去分词为 hidden
hide...from sb. 把…… 藏起来不让某人看见
hide-and-seek n. 捉迷藏游戏
玛西娅把照片藏在她书桌的抽屉里。(作及物动词)
Marcia hid the pictures in her desk drawer.
快，他来了！我们最好躲起来。(作不及物动词)
Quick, he's coming! We'd better hid.
People were asking one another if they were safe while some were starting to clear the streets.
当一些人开始清理街道时，人们在互相询问是否安全。
if conj. 是否
if 在此引导宾语从句 (宾语从句应用陈述语序), 常用于 ask、know、find out、wonder 等动词 (短语) 之后。
我想知道明天是否会下雨。I wonder if it will rain tomorrow.
Do you know if the train arrives on time 你知道火车是否准点到达吗？
if 作连词，还可意为 "如果", 用来引导条件状语从句。若主句用一般将来时，if 引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时，即遵循 "主将从现" 的原则。
如果明天下雨，我们就取消野餐。
If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
6.When Jenny looked up, thick black clouds were forming in the sky, and the rain was beating against their roof. 当珍妮抬头看时，天空中正在形成厚厚的乌云，雨水敲打着他们的屋顶。
She looked up from her book as I entered the room.
我进房间时，她从书本上抬起头来看了看。
look up抬头看 ，常与介词from连用。
look after 照顾 look around 环顾
look through 快速查看；浏览 look forward to 盼望
look for 寻找 look like 看起来像
look over 查看；检查 look out 小心
7.When Jenny looked up, thick black clouds were forming in the sky, and the rain was beating against their roof.
当珍妮抬起头时，天空中正形成厚厚的乌云，雨水正敲打着他们的屋顶。
① form v.形成; 组成
说明：form v.（使）出现、形成, 强调从无到有或逐渐变成某种形状/状态; 本句中指乌云逐渐聚集形成
常用搭配：form clouds / ice / a habit（形成云/冰/习惯）
form a team / group（组建团队/小组）
be formed by...（由……形成）
辨析：form 侧重自然或逐渐形成；make 侧重人为制造；create 侧重创新性创造
Ice was forming on the windows.（窗户上正在结冰。）
They formed a line to wait for help.（他们排成一队等待救援。）
② beat v. 敲打; 击败
说明：beat v. 连续击打、拍打; beat against 描述雨点猛烈撞击屋顶，常带有力量感和持续性的声音效果
常用搭配：beat against / on sth.（拍打某物）
beat the drum（敲鼓）
beat sb. in a game（在比赛中击败某人）
辨析：beat 强调反复击打；hit 强调一次击打；strike 较正式，可指快速有力的击打
Waves were beating against the rocks.（波浪拍打着岩石。）
Her heart was beating fast when she heard the thunder.（听到雷声时她的心跳加快。）
When they stepped outside, they found the sun shining. 当他们走到外面时，发现阳光明媚。
①step v. 迈步、行走；step outside 走到户外
说明：step 作动词指抬起脚向前移动一小段距离; 本句中 step outside 强调从室内到室外的短暂移动动作，比 go outside 更具体、生动
常用搭配：step outside / inside / back（走到外面/里面/后退）
step on sth.（踩到某物）
step by step（一步步地，副词短语）
辨析：step 强调单次迈步或短距离移动；walk 指步行一段距离；go 最通用
She stepped into the room quietly.（她悄悄地走进房间。）
Don’t step on the broken glass.（别踩到碎玻璃。）
② find sth./sb. doing 发现某物/某人正在做某事
说明：该结构强调“发现时动作正在进行”; 本句中 found the sun shining 意为“发现太阳正在照耀”，描绘出走出门后立刻感受到的明亮景象
常用搭配: find sb. doing sth.（发现某人正在做某事）
find sth. done（发现某事已被做，过去分词表被动或完成）
find + 宾语 + 形容词（发现……处于某种状态）
When I got home, I found my mother cooking dinner.
到家时我发现妈妈正在做晚饭。
He looked up and found a bird watching him. 他抬起头，发现一只鸟正盯着他。
9.The tornado was scary, but it also brought everyone closer together. 龙卷风很可怕，但它也让每个人彼此更亲近了。
bring sb. closer (together) 使……更亲近/关系更紧密
说明：bring 是使役动词，closer 是形容词比较级作宾语补足语; 本句中 brought everyone closer together 表示灾难虽然可怕，却让家人或社区成员之间的感情加深
常用搭配：bring people together（让人们团结）
bring sb. closer to sb.（使某人与某人更亲近）
bring the family closer（使家庭更和睦）
Working on the project together brought us closer. 一起做项目让我们更亲近了。
Shared difficulties often bring family members closer to each other.
共同的困难往往让家庭成员彼此更亲近。
II．语言点精练
一、单词默写。
1. _______ / pa (r)/ n. 电力供应 2. ________ / sa ndli/ adv. (睡觉) 酣畅地
3. __________ /θ k/ adj. 厚的；浓密的 4. ________/bi t/ v. 敲；打
5. __________ /ha d/ v. 躲藏；隐蔽
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. We ________ (drive) home when the strong winds started.
2. He was sleeping so ________ (sound) that he didn’t hear his alarm clock.
3. The government sent a message ________ (warn) everyone about the typhoon.
4. It rained ________ (heavy) last night, so I didn’t go to the cinema.
5. —Cindy, my sunglasses are on the floor and they are broken. What happened
—Sorry, dear. I don’t know. I ________ (cook) in the kitchen then.
三、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1. 当我们开车回来时，正下着大雨。
It ________ raining hard while we ________ driving back.
2. 台风来袭时，我和孩子们正在一起看书。
My children and I ________ ________ together when the typhoon hit.
3. 昨天下午五点，我正在给花浇水，突然下起了大雨。
At five yesterday afternoon, I ________ ________ the flowers when it suddenly ________ ________ ________ heavily.
4. 因为浓雾我们什么也看不清。
We can’t see anything clearly because of the ________ ________.
5. 不要隐藏你的感受；表达它们是没关系的。
Don’t ________ ________ ________ your feelings; it’s okay to express them.
四、请根据所给的首字母写出单词，使句子意思完整正确。
1. The t______ hit the small town and destroyed many houses.
2. We lost p______ when the storm came, so we had to use candles.
3. My little brother slept s______ all night, even during the thunderstorm.
4. T______ black clouds were forming in the sky before the rain started.
5. The rain was b______ against the windows so hard that I couldn‘t sleep.
6. We had to h______ in the basement until the tornado passed.
7. This is the w______ storm I have ever experienced in my life.
8. They packed all the s______ and moved to a safe place.
五、完形填空
Water is one of the most useful things on the earth. We drink it, wash with it and cook with it. However, it can also be 1 .
This was something that happened to me a few months ago. It started as a normal (正常的) school day. It was summer and the 2 was really hot. We were studying 3 our tests when a storm came. The sky went dark and the rain started to beat 4 against the windows. The storm went on and on. Then, the rain started to come through the roof (屋顶) and 5 on the desks in the classroom. Our books were getting wet. Suddenly there was a loud noise. We didn’t 6 what it was at first. Then, water came across the floor of our classroom. The school was flooded. We all felt very 7 and some of the girls started to cry.
Miss Miller was calm. She told us all to hold hands. We slowly walked out of the 8 in a line of people and came to a safe place. We didn’t leave there 9 the water was gone. Our school was in a mess. Together we 10 every classroom. Everyone felt tired but lucky!
（ ）1．A．harmful B．wonderful C．truthful D．peaceful
（ ）2．A．food B．board C．rock D．weather
（ ）3．A．for B．in C．with D．of
（ ）4．A．heavily B．slowly C．mostly D．hardly
（ ）5．A．fly B．cry C．sleep D．fall
（ ）6．A．report B．understand C．describe D．forget
（ ）7．A．proud B．excited C．happy D．afraid
（ ）8．A．window B．museum C．ground D．classroom
（ ）9．A．if B．although C．until D．while
（ ）10．A．lifted up B．cleaned up C．set up D．looked up
六、选词填空 从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确的形式填空（每词限用一次）。
hit, warn, prepare, stay, save, volunteer, shake, rush, realize, ready
Natural disasters can happen suddenly and cause great harm. Last month, a strong earthquake 1 our city. I was doing homework in my room when the floor started 2 . At first, I didn’t 3 what was happening. Then my mom shouted, “Earthquake! Get under the table!”
Luckily, our neighbor had 4 us about the possible earthquake the day before, so we were a little 5 . My dad 6 to turn off the gas quickly, and we all hid under the table. The whole process only took a few seconds.
After the earthquake, we saw many people 7 to help those in trouble. A little girl was trapped in a fallen house, but firefighters 8 her safely. It was scary, but we learned a lesson: we should always 9 for natural disasters and 10 calm when they come.
七、语法填空
Over the years, movies and books have used tornadoes a lot in their stories. A tornado can be very d 1 . It can have wind speeds over 300 miles per hour, and t 2 over 25 miles before ending. Most tornadoes last for about 10 minutes, but larger ones usually last around 30 minutes. S 3 , tornadoes kill lots of people every year.
Scientists can’t go inside tornadoes. That means tornadoes are very hard to study. As a result, it is still u 4 how tornadoes form and die. To t 5 how strong a tornado is, scientists look at how much damage it causes and s 6 the levels on the EF-Scale (分级) from EF0 to EF5. For example, if a tornado only damages trees, it will be at the level of EF0, while a tornado at the s 7 level of EF5 blows away buildings with wind speeds over 300 miles per hour.
S 8 tornadoes can happen very quickly, make sure you know what to do when facing them. When you find y 9 meeting a tornado, calm down and try to find a safe place inside. Put your hands over the back of your head for p 10 . Also, stay away from windows and heavy things, or they may fall on you.
八、阅读理解
The day before yesterday my dad and I went hiking in the mountain. We enjoyed the fresh air and would live in the hotel room for another two days. However, I think what happened next is one of the most unforgettable experiences of my life! A storm woke me up early yesterday. I got up and looked out of the window of our hotel. I listened to the thunder and watched the lightning. It wasn’t scary at that time, but it was exciting!
But then I looked at my phone and saw on the news that a hurricane (飓风) was coming. I asked my dad what a hurricane is and asked him if he knew what to do. He told me not to worry because a hurricane is just a big storm. We stayed in our hotel room and by the afternoon, there was even more rain. And the winds were getting stronger and stronger.
In the evening, a hotel worker asked all the visitors to go to the dining hall. When we were all inside, we put tables in front of the doors and then we got down on the floor together in the corner. We waited and waited. The winds got louder. The rain became heavier and then it suddenly went dark. I was so startled that I held my dad's hand. We stayed there for a long time.
Finally, morning arrived. The storm was over. I felt so happy that we were safe. I hope I will never have a night like that again.
（ ）1．The writer learned what a hurricane is ________.
A．on his phone B．in the newspaper C．from his father D．on the computer
（ ）2．Where did the writer spend the night
A．In the music hall. B．In the dining hall.
C．In his father's room. D．In the worker's room.
（ ）3．What does the underlined word “startled” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Happy. B．Afraid. C．Bored. D．Excited.
（ ）4．How did the writer's feelings change in the passage
A．Excited→worried→scared→happy.
B．Worried→excited→happy→scared.
C．Scared→excited→worried→happy.
D．Happy→excited→worried→scared.
（ ）5．What's the best title for the passage
A．A nice hotel worker B．A piece of bad news
C．Visiting a special hotel D．Experiencing a hurricane
九、七选五
There are lots of natural disasters every year. 1 Typhoons are some of the worst storms, usually around the Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea. Most of them happen in July, August and September.
How does a typhoon happen When lots of sea water gets hot in summer, it evaporates (蒸发) into the air. 2 When the air gets warm enough, it starts to move high up into the sky.
Then cooler air around it rushes in. It fills the space that is left. After the air gets warmer, it starts to move quickly, making wind. 3 The warmer the air gets, the faster the wind moves. And when the wind moves faster than 30 metres a second, a typhoon begins. A typhoon has two parts. One is called the “eye”. It’s the centre of the typhoon. In the eye, the wind does not move so fast. The other part is the wall of clouds around the eye.
Typhoons are very dangerous. In November last year, Super Typhoon Haiyan killed more than 6,000 people in Philippines. 4
What should we do when a typhoon happens
·Stay inside. 5
·Try to bring all of your things inside. Strong winds could even blow away your cars!
·Listen to the radio, watch TV or search on the Internet for important information.
·If you’re told to go to a safer place, do it right now.
A．Have a picnic outside.
B．This makes the air hotter.
C．Typhoons are among them.
D．We should try to stop disasters like typhoons.
E．Close all the windows and stay away from them.
F．More people were hurt and some missed.
G．The wind goes in circles and it keeps moving higher in the sky.
II. 语言点精练参考答案
一、单词默写
【答案】power; soundly; thick; beat; hide
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
【答案】1. were driving 2. soundly 3. to warn 4. heavily 5. was cooking
三、根据汉语意思完成句子
【答案】1. was; were 2. were reading 3. was watering; began to rain 4. thick / heavy fog 5. hide your feelings
四、请根据所给的首字母写出单词，使句子意思完整正确。
【答案】1. tornado；2. power；3. soundly；4. Thick；5. beating；6. hide；7. worst；8. supplies
五、完形填空
【答案】
1．A 2．D 3．A 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．D 8．D 9．C 10．B
【解析】
【导语】本文以“水”的双重性引入，讲述了作者在学校遭遇暴风雨引发洪水的经历。通过描述师生共同应对危机、有序撤离并合力清理校园的过程，展现了面对自然灾害时的团结与勇气。
1．句意：然而，它也可能具有危害性。
harmful有害的；wonderful精彩的；truthful诚实的，真实的；peaceful和平的。根据“Water is one of the most useful things…”及该句的转折词However可知，前文介绍了水的作用，此处应在引出水的负面影响，即水虽然有用但是也有可能“有害”。故选A。
2．句意：那是夏天，天气非常炎热。
food食物；board板，木板；rock岩石；weather天气。根据“…was really hot…when a storm came”及常识可知，夏天时常伴有炎热或暴风雨的特征，则此处是在描述夏天的“天气”。故选D。
3．句意：我们正在为考试做准备，这时一场暴风雨袭来。
for为了；in在……里；with和……在一起，具有，用；of……的。结合语境可知，此处在描述学生们正在“为”考试而学习，应用for表目的，“study for tests”为固定搭配。故选A。
4．句意：天空变得昏暗起来，雨点猛烈地敲打着窗户。
heavily在很大程度上，大量地，沉重地；slowly缓慢地；mostly多半，主要地；hardly几乎不。根据“The sky went dark and the rain started to beat…against the windows. The storm went on and on.”可知，此处是在描述暴风雨来临时雨下得很大，在“猛烈地”敲打窗户，应用副词heavily修饰动词beat。故选A。
5．句意：随后，雨水开始从屋顶渗入，滴落在教室里的课桌上。
fly飞；cry哭，哭泣，叫喊；sleep睡觉；fall降落，跌倒，落下。根据“the rain started to come through the roof and…Our books were getting wet”及语境可知，教室里书都湿了，此处应指雨水从屋顶漏下，“落”在课桌上，“fall on sth.”意为“落在某物上”。故选D。
6．句意：起初我们并不明白那是什么。
report报道，报告；understand明白；describe描述；forget忘记。根据“Suddenly there was a loud noise.”及语境可知，此处应指作者他们起初不“明白”巨响是什么。故选B。
7．句意：我们都感到非常害怕，一些女孩甚至开始哭泣。
proud骄傲的；excited激动的；happy高兴的；afraid害怕的。根据前后句“The school was flooded…and some of the girls started to cry.”及语境可知，学校被淹了，一些女孩开始哭泣应是感到“害怕”。故选D。
8．句意：我们排成一队缓缓地走出教室，来到了一个安全的地方。
window窗户；museum博物馆；ground地，地面；classroom教室。根据第一段“Then, the rain started to come through the roof and…on the desks in the classroom.”及语境可知，第一段描述了学校教室被淹的情况，后文提到了作者他们来到了一个安全的地方，此处应指作者他们缓缓走出“教室”。故选D。
9．句意：直到水退了我们才离开那里。
if如果；although尽管；until直到……为止；while当……时。根据“We didn’t leave there…the water was gone.”及语境可知，此处应指直到水退了作者他们才离开，“not until”意为“直到……才”。故选C。
10．句意：我们一起打扫每一个教室。
lifted up举起；cleaned up打扫干净；set up建立，设立；looked up查找，向上看。根据前后句“Our school was in a mess…Everyone felt tired but lucky!”及语境可知，作者所在的教室遭遇洪水后一片混乱，此处应指作者他们“打扫”了教室。故选B。
六、选词填空
【答案】1．hit 2．shaking 3．realize 4．warned 5．ready 6．rushed 7．volunteer/volunteering 8．saved 9．prepare 10．stay
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，通过作者亲身经历地震的回忆，叙述了从震感发生、家人应急避险到震后救援的过程，强调了邻居提前预警和家庭应急准备的重要性。
1．句意：上个月，一场强烈的地震袭击了我们的城市。根据“Last month, a strong earthquake…our city”并结合备选词可知，此处表示“地震袭击某地”，动词hit符合语境；这句话描述过去发生的事件，用一般过去时，hit的过去式与原形一致，故填hit。
2．句意：我正在房间里做作业，这时地板开始摇晃。根据“I was doing homework in my room when the floor started…”并结合备选词可知，此处表示“地板开始摇晃”，start doing sth表示“开始做某事”，start后接动名词作宾语，动词shake的动名词形式shaking符合语境，故填shaking。
3．句意：起初，我没有意识到发生了什么。根据“At first, I didn’t…what was happening”并结合备选词可知，此处表示“没意识到发生的事”，didn’t后接动词原形，动词realize符合语境，故填realize。
4．句意：幸运的是，我们的邻居前一天已经警告过我们可能发生地震。根据“Luckily, our neighbor had…us about the possible earthquake the day before”并结合备选词可知，此处表示“邻居提前警告我们”，“had+过去分词”构成过去完成时，动词warn的过去分词warned符合语境，故填warned。
5．句意：所以我们有一些准备。根据“so we were a little…”并结合备选词可知，此处表示“有准备的状态”，be动词后接形容词作表语，形容词ready符合语境，故填ready。
6．句意：我爸爸迅速跑去关掉煤气，我们都躲到了桌子底下。根据“My dad…to turn off the gas quickly”并结合备选词可知，此处表示“爸爸急忙关煤气”，这句话描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，动词rush的过去式rushed符合语境，故填rushed。
7．句意：地震后，我们看到很多人主动去帮助/正在主动帮助有困难的人。根据“After the earthquake, we saw many people…to help those in trouble”并结合备选词可知，此处表示“人们自愿去帮助他人”，“volunteer to do sth.”表示“自愿做某事”，符合语境；“see sb. do/doing sth.”是固定结构，意为“看到某人做/正在做某事”，都符合语境，故填volunteer/volunteering。
8．句意：一个小女孩被困在倒塌的房子里，但消防员安全地救了她。根据“A little girl was trapped in a fallen house, but firefighters…her safely”并结合备选词可知，此处表示“消防员救了小女孩”，这句话描述过去发生的救援动作，用一般过去时，动词save的过去式saved符合语境，故填saved。
9．句意：这很可怕，但我们吸取了一个教训：我们应该时刻为自然灾害做准备，并在自然灾害来临时保持冷静。根据“we should always…for natural disasters”并结合备选词可知，此处表示“为自然灾害做准备”，should后接动词原形，动词prepare与for构成固定短语“prepare for”，意为“为……做准备”，符合语境，故填prepare。
10．句意：这很可怕，但我们吸取了一个教训：我们应该时刻为自然灾害做准备，并在自然灾害来临时保持冷静。根据“and…calm when they come”并结合备选词可知，此处表示“保持冷静”，should后接动词原形，动词stay与calm构成固定短语“stay calm”，意为“保持冷静”，符合语境，故填stay。
七、语法填空
【答案】
1．dangerous/ngerous 2．travel/ravel 3．Sadly/adly 4．unknown/nknown/uncertain/ncertain 5．tell/ell 6．set/et/show/how 7．strongest/trongest 8．Since/ince 9．yourself/ourself 10．protection/rotection
【解析】
【导语】本文主要介绍了龙卷风的危险性、形成和消亡原因未知、强度分级以及面对龙卷风时的应对措施。
1．句意：龙卷风可能非常危险。根据“It can have wind speeds over 300 miles per hour”可知，龙卷风的风速可以超过每小时300英里，因此它是非常危险的，dangerous“危险的”，形容词作表语。故填dangerous。
2．句意：它的风速可以超过每小时300英里，在结束前可以行进超过25英里。根据“over 25 miles before ending”可知，此处指龙卷风行进超过25英里，travel“行进”，动词，can后接动词原形。故填travel。
3．句意：不幸的是，龙卷风每年夺去许多人的生命。根据“tornadoes kill lots of people every year”可知，龙卷风每年夺去许多人的生命，这是不幸的，sadly“不幸地”，副词修饰整个句子，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Sadly。
4．句意：因此，龙卷风是如何形成和消亡的仍然是个谜/不确定。根据“Scientists can t go inside tornadoes. That means tornadoes are very hard to study.”可知，科学家无法进入龙卷风内部，这意味着龙卷风很难研究，因此龙卷风是如何形成和消亡的仍然是未知的/不确定的，unknown“未知的”，uncertain“不确定的”，形容词作表语。故填unknown/uncertain。
5．句意：为了判断龙卷风的强度，科学家们观察它造成的破坏程度，并根据EF分级标准（从EF0到EF5）确定/显示等级。根据“how strong a tornado is”可知，判断龙卷风的强度，tell“判断”符合语境，to后跟动词原形。故填tell。
6．句意：为了判断龙卷风的强度，科学家们观察它造成的破坏程度，并根据EF分级标准（从EF0到EF5）确定/显示等级。根据“the levels on the EF-Scale (分级) from EF0 to EF5”可知，根据EF分级标准确定或显示等级，set“确定”和show“显示”符合语境，and连接并列成分，根据“look at”可知，句子时态为一般现在时，主语为复数，谓语动词用原形。故填set/show。
7．句意：例如，如果龙卷风只破坏树木，它将是EF0级，而EF5级的龙卷风风速超过每小时300英里，会吹走建筑物。根据“while a tornado at the...level of EF5 blows away buildings with wind speeds over 300 miles per hour”可知，此处指EF5级是最强的等级，strong“强的”，形容词，此处用其最高级strongest。故填strongest。
8．句意：由于龙卷风可能发生得非常快，所以当你面对它们时，一定要知道该怎么做。根据“tornadoes can happen very quickly”可知，龙卷风可能发生得非常快，这是原因，since“由于”符合语境，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Since。
9．句意：当你发现自己遇到龙卷风时，冷静下来，尽量在室内找到一个安全的地方。根据“When you find y... meeting a tornado”可知，此处指当你发现自己遇到龙卷风时，yourself“你自己”符合语境。故填yourself。
10．句意：把你的手放在头后保护自己。根据“Put your hands over the back of your head”可知，把手放在头后是为了保护自己，protection“保护”，名词作宾语。故填protection。
八、阅读理解
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．D
【解析】
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者和父亲在山中徒步旅行时遭遇飓风的难忘经历。
1．细节理解题。根据“I asked my dad what a hurricane is and asked him if he knew what to do. He told me not to worry because a hurricane is just a big storm.”可知，作者是从父亲那里了解到飓风是什么的。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“In the evening, a hotel worker asked all the visitors to go to the dining hall. When we were all inside…We stayed there for a long time.”可知，作者那晚是在餐厅度过的。故选B。
3．词句猜测题。根据“The winds got louder. The rain became heavier and then it suddenly went dark. I was so startled that I held my dad's hand.”可知，风更大、雨更急、天变黑的场景让作者非常害怕，以至于紧紧抓住父亲的手。因此“startled”的意思是“害怕的”。故选B。
4．细节理解题。根据文章内容，作者的情感变化为：第一段“It wasn’t scary at that time, but it was exciting!”作者兴奋；第二段飓风来临后，作者开始担心；第三段“I was so startled that I held my dad’s hand.”作者害怕；第四段“I felt so happy that we were safe.”作者开心。所以情感变化顺序为：兴奋→担心→害怕→开心。故选A。
5．最佳标题题。文章主要讲述了作者和父亲在山中徒步旅行时遭遇飓风的难忘经历。因此“Experiencing a hurricane”最能概括全文主旨。故选D。
九、七选五
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．G 4．F 5．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了台风的形成原理、结构特点、危害以及应对台风的安全措施。
1．根据“There are lots of natural disasters every year ... Typhoons are some of the worst storms”可知，此处应起到承上启下的作用，选项C“台风是其中一种。”符合语境。故选C。
2．根据“When lots of sea water ... into the air”可知，这会导致空气温度变化，选项B“这让空气变得更热。”符合语境。故选B。
3．根据“The warmer the air gets, the faster the wind moves”可知，此处指风在台风的形成中的作用，选项G“风形成圆圈状并在天空中持续升高。”符合语境。故选G。
4．根据“In November last year, Super Typhoon Haiyan killed more than 6,000 people in Philippines.”可知，此处指台风带来的灾难，选项F“更多的人受伤和一些人失踪了。”符合语境。故选F。
5．根据“What should we do when a typhoon happens ”及“stay inside.”可知，此处指应对台风的方法，选项E“关闭所有的窗户并远离它们。”符合语境。故选E。
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