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专题04 动词和动词短语
考点 十年考情（2016-2025） 命题趋势
考点动词和动词短语 （10年58考） 2025 全国一卷考查动词 reveal 的被动语态 are revealed 和 try 的第三人称单数 tries； 2024 全国甲卷考查 be done 形式； 2023 年全国乙卷考查动词 study 的及物用法； 2022 天津卷考查动词 ignore 等 动词的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：一是动词的时态和语态；二是动词的非谓语形式； 三是动词的词义辨析，要求考生准确理解动词在具体语境中的含义和用法。
考点 动词短语 （10年43考） 2025 全国二卷考查 leave 的用法； 2024 新课标Ⅰ卷考查 give up on； 2023 年浙江 1 月卷考查 make up； 2022 天津卷考查 come up with； 2021 天津卷考查 run out of 等。 动词短语的考查呈现出以下特点： 一是常用动词短语的搭配和用法是重点，要求考生掌握其固定含义和用法；二是动词短语在句子中的灵活运用，需根据上下文语境判断其确切意义和适当形式，如时态、语态等；三是动词短语与名词、介词等其他词性的搭配，构成复杂的句式结构，考查考生的综合理解和运用能力。
1.（2025年全国一卷）“The players’ personalities ____60____ (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always ____61____ (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ”
2.（2025年全国二卷） And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes ____41____ (be) one of them.
3.（2025年北京卷） Making choices is part of life. By the time you brushed your teeth, you ____15____ (make) several decisions even without noticing. Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes ____16____ (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance.
4.（2025年北京卷）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists ____18____ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ____19which____ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024.
5.（2025年1月浙江卷）The concept ____62____ (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies.
6.（2025年全国一卷）“The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope ____58____ (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.”
7.（2025年全国二卷） Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing. denying me the chance ____42____ (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. ...
If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ____45____ (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders.
8.（2025年北京卷） When Nick runs ahead, I hear him barking excitedly. I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone ____12____ (scare).
9.（2025年北京卷）When ____17____ (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences.
10.（2025年1月浙江卷）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women ____60____ (rent) rather than purchase them outright providing a less expensive ____61solution____ (solve) to one-time event dressing. ...
“I really want to make this work for ____64people’s____ (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean _____65_____ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
2024年
1.【2024全国甲卷】What should ____45____（do）with such a beautiful place They wondered out loud.
2.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___42___ (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___ (find)the connection between the two great writers.
3.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】These sepals open on warm days ____58____ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
4.【2024全国甲卷】Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend ____41____（catch）our attention because of their large size and variety.
5.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
6.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】__44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ____45____ see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
7.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____61____ first time.
8.【2024全国甲卷】 They ____44____（be）part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
9.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】 “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns.
10.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
11.【2024北京卷】On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man.
12.【2024北京卷】 My heart went out to him, and I ___20___ (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!”
13.【2024浙江1月卷】If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____42____ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs ____43____ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份).
2023年
1.【2023年全国乙卷】 She studied with all the hair products at the drugstore.
2.【2023年浙江1月卷】In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 58 (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
3.【2023年全国甲卷】Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ___46___ (intend) for everyone.
4.【2023年浙江1月卷】Citizens of higher social classes 59 (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles.
2022
1.【2022年天津卷第二次】 If we continue to________ environmental problems, we will regret it sooner or later.
A. highlight B. identify C. ignore D. prevent
2.【2022.6新高考1卷 完形填空】
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we ___47___, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly ___48___ our peaceful morning trip.
47. A. signed up B. calmed down C. checked out D. headed off
48. A. arranged B. interrupted C. completed D. recorded
3.【2022.6全国甲卷 完形填空】
When I first dated Steve, I ___43___ he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora.
43. A. feared B. doubted C. hoped D. learned
4.【2022.6全国乙卷 完形填空】
They simply ____58____ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard.
58. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up
5.【2022年1月浙江卷】"I was simply 37 a terrible experience," Ms. Burdeyney said at her home in Toronto.
37.A.getting over B.going through C.holding on D.passing down
2021年
1．【2021年天津卷第一次】Henry David Thoreau was happy to ________ from social life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life.
A．judge B．differ C．withdraw D．benefit
2. 【2021年天津卷第二次】I wanted to make dumplings but found I had ________ flour, so I went out to buy some.
A. made up for B. run out of
C. kept away from D. got down to
3. 【2021年天津卷第二次】Although a few have come and gone, the restaurant's regular customers have________ the same for nearly 40 years.
A. stayed B. turned C. grown D. got
2020年
1.【2020·江苏卷】There will still be lots of challenges if we are to _____ garbage in a short time.
A. clarify B. justify C. satisfy D. classify
2. 【2020·江苏卷】The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, ______ a new generation of virtual reality.
A. allowing for B. accounting for C. calling for D. compensating for
3．【2020·天津卷】I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother ______ him.
A．drank a toast to B．played a joke on
C．kept an eye on D．made an apology to
4．【2020·天津卷】We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she ______, saying that she felt like walking.
A．understood B．accepted C．compromised D．declined
5．【2020·天津卷】We can’t ______ buying a new printer for our company. The one we have doesn’t work.
A．take up B．carry out C．keep on D．put off
6．【2020·天津卷】We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she ______, saying that she felt like walking.
A．understood B．accepted C．compromised D．declined
2019
1.【2019年江苏卷】More wind power stations will ____________ to meet the demand for clean energy.
A. take up B. clear up C. hold up D. spring up
2. 【2019年江苏卷】A city is the product of the human hand and mind, __________ man's intelligence and creativity.
A. resembling B. reflecting C. reviewing D. restoring
3.【2019年天津卷】Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't ___________ what he was saying.
A. set aside B. take back
C. make out D. keep off
2018
1. 【2018年江苏卷】Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might _______ the things they see.
A. indicate B. investigate C. imitate D. innovate
2. 【2018年江苏卷】Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _______ a clear road map and timetable.
A. calls for B. calls on C. calls off D. calls up
3. 【2018年天津卷】At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he___________ as she was so confidence about her skills.
A. gave in B. dressed up C. broke in D. turned up
4.【2018年天津卷】 It took him a long time to___________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
A. display B. acquire C. teach D. test2017
1. 【2017年江苏卷】Working with the medical team in Africa has ____________ the best in her as a doctor.
A. held out B. brought out C. picked out D. given out
2. 【2017年江苏卷】A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help ____________ your year ahead.
A. shape B. switch C. stretch D. sharpen
3. 【2017年天津卷】Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter ___________, get married, and have kids.
A. settled down B. keep off C. get up D. cut in
4. 【2017年天津卷】Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ___________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards
2016
1. 【2016年浙江卷】We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite, rather than _________ us.
A. divide B. reject C. control D. abandon
2. 【2016年浙江卷】When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt _________ from the world.
A. carried away B. broken down C. cut off D. brought up
3. 【2016年浙江卷】When the time came to make the final decision for a course, I decided to apply for the one that _________ my interest.
A. limited B. reserved C. reflected D. spoiled
4. 【2016年天津卷】I’m going to _____________ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.
A. put B. make C. take D. give
C
5.【2016年天津卷】 I hate it when she calls me at work — I’m always too busy to _____________ a conversation with her.
A. carry on B. break into C. turn down D. cut off
6. 【2016年江苏卷】He did not _________ easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.
A. approach B. wrestle C. compromise D. communicate
7. 【2016年江苏卷】Many businesses started up by college students have _________ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.
A. fallen off B. taken off C. turned off D. left off
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题04 动词和动词短语
考点 十年考情（2016-2025） 命题趋势
考点动词和动词短语 （10年58考） 2025 全国一卷考查动词 reveal 的被动语态 are revealed 和 try 的第三人称单数 tries； 2024 全国甲卷考查 be done 形式； 2023 年全国乙卷考查动词 study 的及物用法； 2022 天津卷考查动词 ignore 等 动词的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：一是动词的时态和语态；二是动词的非谓语形式； 三是动词的词义辨析，要求考生准确理解动词在具体语境中的含义和用法。
考点 动词短语 （10年43考） 2025 全国二卷考查 leave 的用法； 2024 新课标Ⅰ卷考查 give up on； 2023 年浙江 1 月卷考查 make up； 2022 天津卷考查 come up with； 2021 天津卷考查 run out of 等。 动词短语的考查呈现出以下特点： 一是常用动词短语的搭配和用法是重点，要求考生掌握其固定含义和用法；二是动词短语在句子中的灵活运用，需根据上下文语境判断其确切意义和适当形式，如时态、语态等；三是动词短语与名词、介词等其他词性的搭配，构成复杂的句式结构，考查考生的综合理解和运用能力。
1.（2025年全国一卷）“The players’ personalities ____60____ (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always ____61____ (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ”
【答案】60. are revealed 61. tries
60.【解析】考查动词语态。句意：她补充说：“玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来，一个人的弱点会暴露给对手。”本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The players’ personalities与动词reveal“揭示，显示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are revealed。
61.【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。根据always可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语a decent winner为第三人称单数，所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。
2.（2025年全国二卷） And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes ____41____ (be) one of them.
【答案】41. is
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is。
3.（2025年北京卷） Making choices is part of life. By the time you brushed your teeth, you ____15____ (make) several decisions even without noticing. Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes ____16____ (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance.
【答案】 15. had made 16. are achieved
15. 【解析】考查时态。句意：当你刷牙的时候，你甚至在不知不觉中已经做了好几个决定。根据时间状语“By the time you brushed your teeth”可知，此处表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作，时态应用过去完成时，谓语用had made。故填had made。
16. 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：通常，通过充分了解风险承受能力等策略，可以取得更好的结果。根据时间状语“Usually”可知，此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作，时态应用一般现在时；主语better outcomes和动词achieve“实现”之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语better outcomes是复数，be动词应用are。故填are achieved。
4.（2025年北京卷）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists ____18____ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ____19which____ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024.
【答案】 left
【解析】考查时态。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客产生了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，这约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。根据“last year”可知，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，“leave”的过去式是“left”。故填left。
5.（2025年1月浙江卷）The concept ____62____ (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies.
【答案】is
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这个概念当然并不新鲜——几十年来，男性一直在租赁优质西装——但对于女性购物者来说，它才刚刚兴起。系动词be作谓语，句子陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语The concept是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式is。故填is。
1.（2025年全国一卷）“The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope ____58____ (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.”
【答案】 58. to present
【解析】考查非谓语动词之不定式作宾语。句意：我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能，并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。本句谓语为hope，此处为非谓语动词，hope to do sth.“希望做某事”，所以此处需用动词present“呈现”的不定式，作宾语。故填to present。
2.（2025年全国二卷） Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing. denying me the chance ____42____ (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. ...
If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ____45____ (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders.
【答案】 42. to discover 45. left
【解析】考查非谓语动词之不定式作定语。句意：在我的成长过程中，我的家人和邻居从不使用晾衣绳晾晒衣物，这让我没有机会发现阳光的奇妙之处之一——将衣服晒了一整天后散发的甜美的“阳光的味道”。本句已有谓语used，此处应用非谓语动词， chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”,本空用discover的不定式，作定语。故填to discover。
【解析】考查非谓语动词之过去分词作定语。句意：如果你从未体验过在阳光下晾晒了一整天的床单或衬衫散发的“阳光的味道”，那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇观。本句已有谓语have experienced，此处应用非谓语动词，a sheet or shirt和leave“使处于某种状态”之间是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填left。
3.（2025年北京卷） When Nick runs ahead, I hear him barking excitedly. I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone ____12____ (scare).
【答案】 12. scared
【解析】考查非谓语动词之过去分词作宾补。句意：我有时会把他叫回来，担心他可能会吓到别人。“have sb. done”表示 “使某人被……”，“someone”与“scare”之间是被动关系，即某人被吓到，用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填scared。
4.（2025年北京卷）When ____17____ (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences.
【答案】17. traveling
【解析】考查非谓语动词之现在分词作状语。句意：旅行时，我们接触不同文化和体验不同经历。句子主语“we”与“travel”之间是主动关系，用现在分词，构成“when+现在分词”的状语从句省略结构。故填traveling。
5.（2025年1月浙江卷）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women ____60____ (rent) rather than purchase them outright providing a less expensive ____61solution____ (solve) to one-time event dressing. ...
“I really want to make this work for ____64people’s____ (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean _____65_____ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
【答案】60. to rent 65. returning
【解析】考查非谓语动词之不定式作定语。句意：坦尼娅的店提供女性时尚服装供租赁，而不是让她们直接购买，为一次性活动着装提供了一个更便宜的解决方案。“for women (rent)”作后置定语，修饰名词词组fashion clothes，意为“女性租赁的衣服”，用不定式to rent作后置定语，主动表被动。故填to rent。
【解析】考查非谓语动词之动名词作宾语。句意：我真的想让这个(服装租赁服务)适合如今人们的生活，我知道这并不总是意味着在一个特别的周末后的周一归还礼服。根据句意，表示“意味着……”，用固定搭配mean doing sth.，意为“意味着做某事”，用动名词作宾语。故填returning。
2024年
1.【2024全国甲卷】What should ____45____（do）with such a beautiful place They wondered out loud.
【答案】be done
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。
2.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___42___ (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___ (find)the connection between the two great writers.
42.【答案】visibility
【解析】考查名词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名词形式，visibility“知名度”为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。
43.【答案】to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。
3.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】These sepals open on warm days ____58____ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
58.【答案】to give
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：温室在温暖日子里开放，利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“使用某物去做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to give。
4.【2024全国甲卷】Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend ____41____（catch）our attention because of their large size and variety.
【答案】to catch
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管村子任何层级的各种规模和类型的公园，但特别是国家公园，由于其规模大、种类多，往往会引起我们的注意。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。
5.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
40.【答案】inspired
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。
41.【答案】was built
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。
6.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】__44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ____45____ see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
44.【答案】Recalling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式担当状语；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。
45.【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”空前“hear the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang’s play was being performed”为并列结构，用and连接。故填and。
7.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____61____ first time.
60.【答案】walks
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。
61.【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。固定搭配：for the first time，意为“第一次”，符合句意。故填the。
8.【2024全国甲卷】 They ____44____（be）part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
【答案】were
【解析】考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。
9.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】 “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns.
38.【答案】were
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。
10.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
40.【答案】inspired
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。
41.【答案】was built
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。
11.【2024北京卷】On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man.
【15题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2024年4月5日，约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；name与主语John Tinniswood之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语John Tinniswood是单数，be动词使用was。故填was named。
12.【2024北京卷】 My heart went out to him, and I ___20___ (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!”
【20题详解】
考查时态。句意：我很同情他，然后朝他慢跑过去。句中and连接并列句，空处作后句谓语，根据句中went可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式jogged。故填jogged。
13.【2024浙江1月卷】If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____42____ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs ____43____ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份).
【42题详解】
考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。
【43题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。
2023年
1.【2023年全国乙卷】 She studied with all the hair products at the drugstore.
考查动词。句意：她研究了药店里所有的护发产品。study是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，介词with多余。故删除with。
2.【2023年浙江1月卷】In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 58 (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
【答案】surrounded
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在明朝，紫禁城是中心，它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构，was是谓语动词，空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语，主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。
3.【2023年全国甲卷】Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ___46___ (intend) for everyone.
【46题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的严肃信息。be intended for打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。
4.【2023年浙江1月卷】Citizens of higher social classes 59 (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles.
【答案】were permitted
【解析】考查动词的被动语态。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。
2022
1.【2022年天津卷第二次】 If we continue to________ environmental problems, we will regret it sooner or later.
A. highlight B. identify C. ignore D. prevent
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们继续忽视环境问题，我们迟早会后悔的。A. highlight突出；强调；B. identify辨认；识别；C. ignore忽视；D. prevent阻止。由句意可知对于环境问题我们迟早会后悔，而这一切都是因为我们对环境问题的忽视。故选C项。
2.【2022.6新高考1卷 完形填空】
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we ___47___, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly ___48___ our peaceful morning trip.
47. A. signed up B. calmed down C. checked out D. headed off
48. A. arranged B. interrupted C. completed D. recorded
【答案】D、B
【47题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。A. signed up注册、报名；B. calmed down冷静下来；C. checked out退房、结账离开；D. headed off启程、出发。根据上文“The sky was clear”以及下文“but storms move in fast in the mountains”可推知，此处指天气突然变化，出发时还天气晴朗。故选D。
【48题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。A. arranged安排；B. interrupted中断；C. completed完成；D. recorded记录。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly”以及下文“our peaceful morning trips”可推知，此处指风暴来临，作者的旅行被迫中断了。故选B。
3.【2022.6全国甲卷 完形填空】
When I first dated Steve, I ___43___ he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora.
43. A. feared B. doubted C. hoped D. learned
【答案】D
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时，我得知他有一条名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的猫。A. feared恐惧；B. doubted怀疑；C. hoped希望；D. learned得知。由上文的“When I first dated Steve (当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时)”和常识可知，第一次约会会得知对方相关情况，作者从而得知史蒂夫有一只狗和一只猫。故选D项。
4.【2022.6全国乙卷 完形填空】
They simply ____58____ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard.
58. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hold back阻止；B. relate to有关联；C. insist on坚持；D. make up弥补。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C项。
5.【2022年1月浙江卷】
"I was simply 37 a terrible experience," Ms. Burdeyney said at her home in Toronto.
37.A.getting over B.going through C.holding on D.passing down
【答案】B
【解析】根据上文 Burdeyney 女士患了眼疾，主要症状为眼部干涩不适可知，她在经历（going through）一种糟糕的体验。
2021年
1．【2021年天津卷第一次】Henry David Thoreau was happy to ________ from social life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life.
A．judge B．differ C．withdraw D．benefit
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：亨利·大卫·梭罗乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。A. judge判断；B. differ不同；C. withdraw抽身，撤退；D. benefit有益于。根据后文“seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life”可知Henry David Thoreau在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系，所以他乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，withdraw from“离开”。故选C。
2. 【2021年天津卷第二次】I wanted to make dumplings but found I had ________ flour, so I went out to buy some.
A. made up for B. run out of
C. kept away from D. got down to
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想包饺子，但发现我的面粉用完了，所以我出去买了一些。A. made up for弥补；B. run out of用完，用尽；C. kept away from远离，回避；D. got down to开始认真做。结合句意，此处指“用完”了面粉。故选B。
3. 【2021年天津卷第二次】Although a few have come and gone, the restaurant's regular customers have________ the same for nearly 40 years.
A. stayed B. turned C. grown D. got
【答案】A
【解析】考查系动词动词词义辨析。句意：虽然有一些人来了又走了，但这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。A.stayed保持；B.turned变成（某种颜色）；C.grown变得；D.got变成。根据“the restaurant's regular customers”以及“the same for nearly 40 years”可知，这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。stay“保持”，表示老顾客保持40年不变。故选A项。
2020年
1.【2020·江苏卷】There will still be lots of challenges if we are to _____ garbage in a short time.
A. clarify B. justify C. satisfy D. classify
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们要在短时间内对垃圾进行分类，仍然会有很多挑战。A. clarify澄清；B. justify证明；C. satisfy 满足；D. classify分类。根据空后garbage可知，此处指“对垃圾进行分类”。故选D。
2. 【2020·江苏卷】The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, ______ a new generation of virtual reality.
A. allowing for B. accounting for C. calling for D. compensating for
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:6G的速度将超过125 GB/s，使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。A. allowing for使……成为可能，促进……的发生；B. accounting for解释；C. calling for需要，要求；呼吁；D. compensating for补偿。根据空前The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s可知，125 GB/s 的6G速度将使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。故选A。
3．【2020·天津卷】I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother ______ him.
A．drank a toast to B．played a joke on
C．kept an eye on D．made an apology to
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我不在的时候从不担心我的儿子，因为我母亲会照看他。A. drank a toast to为……干杯；B. played a joke on开……的玩笑；C. kept an eye on照看，留意，密切注视；D. made an apology to向……道歉。因为母亲会“照看”我的儿子，所以“我”不在的时候从来不担心孩子。C选项符合语境，故选C。
4．【2020·天津卷】We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she ______, saying that she felt like walking.
A．understood B．accepted C．compromised D．declined
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们提出Sharon回家，但她拒绝了，说她想步行回去。A. understood 理解；B. accepted接受；C. compromised妥协；D. declined谢绝。根据“saying that she felt like walking”可知，Sharon想自己回家，所以她“谢绝”了我们的提议。故选D。
5．【2020·天津卷】We can’t ______ buying a new printer for our company. The one we have doesn’t work.
A．take up B．carry out C．keep on D．put off
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们不能推迟为公司买一台新打印机。我们现在的那个不运转了。A. take up占据；B. carry out实施；C. keep on 继续；D. put off推迟。根据“the one we have doesn’t work”可知，我们平时用的打印机不运转了。所以，我们必须马上买一台新打印机。即:我们不能“推迟”买打印机。故选D。
6．【2020·天津卷】We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she ______, saying that she felt like walking.
A．understood B．accepted C．compromised D．declined
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们提出Sharon回家，但她拒绝了，说她想步行回去。A. understood 理解；B. accepted接受；C. compromised妥协；D. declined谢绝。根据“saying that she felt like walking”可知，Sharon想自己回家，所以她“谢绝”了我们的提议。故选D。
2019
1.【2019年江苏卷】More wind power stations will ____________ to meet the demand for clean energy.
A. take up B. clear up C. hold up D. spring up
24.D【解析】考查动词词组。句意：为了满足新能源的需求，更多的风力发电站将会被建立起来。A. take up开始从事，占领，开始干（工作）；B. clear up整理，收拾，解决（问题）；C. hold up（论点、理论等） 站得住脚，阻挡，举起；D. spring up出现，涌现。故选D。
2. 【2019年江苏卷】A city is the product of the human hand and mind, __________ man's intelligence and creativity.
A. resembling B. reflecting C. reviewing D. restoring
34.B【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：城市是人类的双手和思想的产物，反映了人的智慧和创造力。resembling像；reflecting反映；reviewing回顾；restoring恢复，根据题意，故选B。
3.【2019年天津卷】Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't ___________ what he was saying.
A. set aside B. take back
C. make out D. keep off
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查动词词组辨析。句意： 凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。set aside“存储，留出”； take back“收回，拿回”；make out“辨认出，理解，了解”； keep off“（使）避开”。故选C。
2018
1. 【2018年江苏卷】Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might _______ the things they see.
A. indicate B. investigate C. imitate D. innovate
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：孩子不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们也许会模仿他们所见的事情。A. indicate指示；B. investigate调查；C. imitate模仿；D. innovate改革。故选C。
点睛：本题考查动词辨析。动词和动词短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点，解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，再联系句意进行判断，从而选出正确答案。考生在平时学习过程中要注重动词和动词短语的识记与掌握。
2. 【2018年江苏卷】Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _______ a clear road map and timetable.
A. calls for B. calls on C. calls off D. calls up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A. calls for需要；B. calls on号召；C. calls off取消；D. calls up使想起。故选A。
点睛：本题考查动词短语辨析。分析全句句意，再联系所学短语就不难选出正确答案。同学平时学习过程中要多注意词汇和短语的积累，尤其是含义比较多的词汇和短语。
3. 【2018年天津卷】At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he___________ as she was so confidence about her skills.
A. gave in B. dressed up C. broke in D. turned up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in屈服，让步；B. dressed up打扮；C. broke in闯入；打断；D. turned up出现。根据转折词but及原因as she was so confident about her skills.可知，最终他让步了。故选A。
点睛：本题考查动词短语辨析。分析后句的原因状语可以判定出罗伯特最终让步，再联系所学短语就不难选出正确答案。同学平时学习过程中要多注意词汇和短语的积累，尤其是含义比较多的词汇和短语。
4.【2018年天津卷】 It took him a long time to___________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
A. display B. acquire C. teach D. test
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意:他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技
能。A display 显示;B.acquire 获得;C.teach教 ;D.test测试。故选 B。
2017
1. 【2017年江苏卷】Working with the medical team in Africa has ____________ the best in her as a doctor.
A. held out B. brought out C. picked out D. given out
【答案】25. B
【解析】考查短语辨析。hold out坚持；提供机会；伸出手； B. bring out使显现，阐明，出版；C. pick out使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；D. give out用完，停止运行，分发，发出，公布。句意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了最好的一面。这里取＂使显现＂之意，故选B。
考点：考查动词短语辨析
2. 【2017年江苏卷】A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help ____________ your year ahead.
A. shape B. switch C. stretch D. sharpen
【答案】30. A
【解析】考查动词辨析。A. shape塑造，决定……的形成，影响……的发展；B. switch转变，交换，调班；C. stretch拉长，拉紧，伸展，伸长，延伸消耗；D. sharpen提高，使尖锐，变得清晰。句意：快速回顾一年的成败将会决定来年的发展。故选A。
3. 【2017年天津卷】Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter ___________, get married, and have kids.
A. settled down B. keep off C. get up D. cut in
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析：句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。A. 安顿下来；B. 远离；C.起床；D. 插嘴。根据句意，故选A。
4. 【2017年天津卷】Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ___________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：句意：现在骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语regard...as… (把……看做……)和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和D；由介词短语along with连接的三个名词作主语，谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，排除C。故选B。
考点：考查动词语态和主谓一致
2016
1. 【2016年浙江卷】We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite, rather than _________ us.
A. divide B. reject C. control D. abandon
【答案】A
【解析】句意：当我们学会让我们的差异联合起来而不是将我们分开的时候，我们就会获得很多。A. 将……分开；B. 拒绝，拒收；C.控制；D.放弃。根据语境，故选A。
考点：考查动词辨析。
2. 【2016年浙江卷】When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt _________ from the world.
A. carried away B. broken down C. cut off D. brought up
【答案】C
【解析】句意：当孩子远离他们生活的时候，这些老人感觉和世界隔绝了。carry away带走，夺走；break down崩溃，破坏，抛锚，分解；cut off切断；bring up养育，培养。故选C。
考点：考查动词短语。
3. 【2016年浙江卷】When the time came to make the final decision for a course, I decided to apply for the one that _________ my interest.
A. limited B. reserved C. reflected D. spoiled
【答案】C
【解析】句意：最后决定课程的时候到了，我决定申请能反映我兴趣的课程。A.限制；B.保留；C.反映，反射；D.宠坏。故选C。
考点：考查动词辨析。
4. 【2016年天津卷】I’m going to _____________ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.
A. put B. make C. take D. give
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我要利用这次旅行来探索这个城堡的历史。短语take advantage of意为“利用”，其他选项不能和advantage of搭配。故选C。
考点：考查动词和短语。
5.【2016年天津卷】 I hate it when she calls me at work — I’m always too busy to _____________ a conversation with her.
A. carry on B. break into C. turn down D. cut off
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我讨厌她在上班的时候给我打电话。我总是太忙了不能和她进行谈话。A.进行；B.破门而入；C.拒绝，声音调低；D.切断。故选A。
考点：考查动词短语辨析。
6. 【2016年江苏卷】He did not _________ easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.
A. approach B. wrestle C. compromise D. communicate
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。approach靠近，接近；wrestle摔跤，斗争，努力解决；compromise妥协；和解；让步；communicate交流，沟通。根据句意可知C项正确。
考点：考查动词词义辨析
7. 【2016年江苏卷】Many businesses started up by college students have _________ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.
A. fallen off B. taken off C. turned off D. left off
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。fall off跌落，下降；take off起飞，成功，受欢迎；turn off关闭；leave off停止，中断；根据句意可知B项正确。
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