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专题06 时态、语态和主谓一致
考点 十年考情（2016-2025） 命题趋势
考点1时态 （10年56考） 一般现在时（高频）：描述客观事实或习惯（2025全国一卷61题、2025浙江卷62题）； 现在完成时（高频）：时间标志词（如over/in the last years, since）（2022全国甲卷、2024浙江卷42题）； 一般过去时（高频）：明确过去时间状语（2024北京卷、2023全国乙卷47题）； 过去完成时：by the time + 过去时结构（2025北京卷15题）； 进行时态：特定语境动作（2022新高考II卷42题）。 时态考查以一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时为主，过去完成时和过去进行时考查频率次之，注重结合语境中的时间状语和上下文逻辑判断时态。 时态的考查越来越贴近实际应用场景，强调在具体语境中理解时态的意义，而非单纯记忆语法规则。 复合句中的时态一致性和时态呼应仍是考查重点，如宾语从句、时间状语从句中的时态搭配。 被动语态考查常与时态结合，重点考查一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时的被动语态结构。强调被动语态在表达客观事实和动作承受关系中的作用。 情态动词 + 被动语态（如 “can be done”“must be done”）的考查频率有所增加，注重考查学生对被动语态在不同情态意义下的运用能力。 主谓一致的考查重点在于主语的单复数判断， 就远原则的考查频率较高，注重考查学生对复杂主语结构的分析能力。主谓一致的考查常与时态、语态结合，出现在长难句中，要求学生在理解句子整体结构的基础上判断主谓一致关系。
考点2语态 （10年22考） 一般现在时被动：客观事实描述（2023浙江卷59题、2022新高考I卷）； 一般过去时被动：历史事件或特定动作（2024新课标II卷41题）； 情态动词被动：can/could/must be done（2024浙江卷41题）； 现在完成时被动：较少但存在（如2019全国III卷69题）。
考点3 主谓一致 （10年61考） 单数主语+三单动词：不可数名词/抽象概念（2025浙江卷62题、2020新课标II卷62题）； 复数主语+动词原形：some/many of...结构（2024新课标II卷38题）； 特殊结构： 1）动名词/从句作主语→单数（2020新课标II卷62题）； 2）together with/along with→就近原则（2022天津卷B）。
考点1 时态、语态和主谓一致
2025年
1.（2025年全国一卷）A decent winner always ____61____ (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ”
2.（2025年全国二卷） And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes ____41____ (be) one of them.
3.（2025年北京卷） Making choices is part of life. By the time you brushed your teeth, you ____15____ (make) several decisions even without noticing.
4.（2025年北京卷）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists ____18____ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ____19which____ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024.
5.（2025年1月浙江卷）The concept ____62____ (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies.
2024年
1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____the61____ first time.
2.【2024全国甲卷】 They ____44____（be）part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
3.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】 “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns.
5.【2024北京卷】 My heart went out to him, and I ___20___ (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!”
6.【2024浙江1月卷】If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____42____ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs ____designed43____ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份).
7.【2024北京卷】On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man.
2023年
1.【2023年全国乙卷】 ___Having visited_46____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I ____47____ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. ...The ____remarkable49____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____50_____ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
2.【2023年全国乙卷】The color she choose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color looked just perfect.
3.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】
As a little girl, I ___45___ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
4.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】 As a little girl, I ___45___ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
5.【2023年全国甲卷】I used to afraid of insects, but last Friday’ s biology class make a big change in me....
6.【2023年全国甲卷】 In the evening, when I take the walk in the school garden, the singing of insects become more meaningful to me.
7.【2023年浙江1月卷】The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often 60 (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).
8.【2023年北京卷】For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China ____16____(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
2022年
1.【2022新高考I卷】The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)previously unprotected....After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. 2.【2022全国甲卷】In the last five years, Cao ___________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents
3.【2022全国乙卷】The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___________ (address) the opening ceremony.
4.【2022年浙江卷1月】But Cobb and others ________ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ________（change） their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. ...On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics —many of them climate scientists __________ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
5.【2022年新高考2卷】Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ___43___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
6.【2022年北京卷】 Eventually, the man ____13____ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
7.【2022年北京卷】 This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ____16____ (have) no recognisable smell.8.【2022年北京卷】The use of those plastics ____20____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.
9. 【2022年天津卷第二次】Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions.
A. prepare B. prepares
C. is preparing D. are preparing
10. 【2022年天津卷第二次】The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school________ the party.
A. cancels B. will cancel
C. has cancelled D. had cancelled
2021年
1.【2021.6新高考1卷】What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it 6 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
2.【2021.6 浙江卷】 After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 10 (sell) most of their furniture.
3.【2021.6全国甲卷】We 6 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
4.【2021.6 浙江卷】It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 1 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie.
5.【2021.1 浙江卷】In cities, however, the gain 6 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
6.【2021.6全国甲卷 改错】One of the questions are: Who will you go in times of trouble
7.【2021.6全国乙卷 改错】That's our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!
8.【2021.6全国乙卷 改错】I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever necessary.
9．【2021年天津卷第一次】We ________ quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break.
A．have done B．will do C．had done D．were doing
10. 【2021年天津卷第二次】Good evening, everybody. Professor King ________ his lecture in a moment, but let me introduce him first.
A. delivered B. will be delivering
C. was delivering D. has been delivering
11.【2021年北京卷】As it 13 （connect） things，your brain tums them into a story，and you get a dream．
12.【2021年北京卷】There 17 （be） a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years， causing 18 （cause） largely by rising global temperatures，according to a new report from the United Nations．
2020年
1.【2020年新课标Ⅰ】China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61. (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin....
＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 67. (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68. (construct)＂
2.【2020年新课标Ⅱ】 This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62. (carry) special significance.
3.【2020年新课标Ⅱ】Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, for I have long been out of practice.
4.【2020年新课标Ⅲ】When/As65. he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66. (point) down the river.
5. 【2020全国Ⅲ卷】My dad don’t like the soup and I don’t enjoy apples.
【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷（山东卷）】 The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, which/that38. (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39. opened in 1759.
Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection 41. (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
7.【2020年浙江卷1月】Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950___56___(be)30-today it is 41 and is expected___to increase57___(increase)to 42 by 2050.
【2020年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷(海南卷)】 Because the number of possible topics____43____（be）practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology.
8.【2020年北京卷】Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food___1__(play) a big role in his life. "
9.【2020年北京卷】The Neanderthals___9___（live）alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago.
10.【2020年浙江卷7月】By about 6000 BC，people ___61___ (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
11. 【2020年天津卷第一次】A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city ____________ in favour of the proposal on health care reform.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
12. 【2020年江苏卷】If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that ______ everyone.
A. suit B. suited C. suits D. has suited
13. 【2020年江苏卷】Instead of getting down to a new task as I _____, he examined the previous work again.
A. had expected B. have expected C. would expect D. expect
2019年
1.【2019年全国卷 Ⅰ】In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ___65___ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___ (believe) that populations are increasing. ...
Of ___the 69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
2.【2019年全国卷Ⅱ】Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans ___to retire65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years.”
3.【2019年全国卷Ⅱ】One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.
4.【2019年全国卷III】 Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
5.【2019年全国卷III】I've had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to opens a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts.
6.【2019年北京卷】On the first day of my first grade，I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I ___1___(voice)my biggest concern to my mother.
7.【2019年北京卷】Does the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question ___7___(suggest)that，for most students，it doesn't.
8.【2019年浙江卷6月】When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ___56___ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚). ... One study in America found that students' grades ___62___ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.
9.【2018年浙江卷11月】 You probably _____56_____(use) caffeine since childhood. Caffeine _____57_____(be) in your first Coke. If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar, you ate caffeine.
10.【2019年江苏卷】The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three months.
A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give
11.【2019年江苏卷】A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ___________ in love with the people and culture there.
A. would fall B. had fallen C. has fallen D. fell
12.【2019年江苏卷】What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together.
A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had
13.【2019年天津卷】I __________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it.
A. had hoped B. am hoping
C. have hoped D. would hope
2018年
1.【2018年全国Ⅰ卷】While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life than65 walking, cycling or swimming.
2.【2018年全国Ⅰ卷】During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there.
3.【2018年全国Ⅱ卷】Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___（grow）more corn than rice. ... The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___68___ (start) a soil-testing program ___that/which69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
4.【2018年全国Ⅱ卷】 Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.
5.【2018年全国Ⅲ卷】True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____(mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder!"
6.【2018年全国Ⅲ卷】At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, "The classroom is a place for learning and that include leaning from textbooks, and mistake as well."
7. 【2018年北京卷】 —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here I haven’t seen you around
—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday.
A. start B. have started C. started D. had started
8 【2018年北京卷】Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked
9. 【2018年北京卷】China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown
10.【2018年江苏卷】 Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _______ more convenient electronic communication tools by then.
A. have developed B. had developed
C. will have developed D. developed
2017年
1.【2017年新课标Ⅰ卷】 Fast food ___67___ (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
2.【2017年新课标Ⅰ卷】Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. 3.【2017年新课标Ⅱ卷】 Later, engineers 　68　(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube. 4.【2017年新课标Ⅱ卷】When summer came, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!
5.【2017年新课标Ⅲ卷】 I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.
6.【2017年浙江卷】 Pahlsson and her husband 　62　(search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing."I gave up hope of finding my ring again, "she says. She never replaced it.
7. 【2017年北京卷】People ___________ better access to health care than they used to, and they’re living longer as a result.
A. will have B. have C. had D. had had
8.【2017年江苏卷】The publication of Great Expectations, which ____________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens, status as a leading novelist.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
9.【2017年江苏卷】 He’s been informed that he ____________ for the scholarship because of his academic background.
A. hasn’t qualified B. hadn’t qualified
C. doesn’t qualify D. wasn’t qualifying
10.【2017年天津卷】I ___________ down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
A. was driving B. have driven C. would drive D. drove
2016年
1.【2016年新课标Ⅰ卷】 It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside. 2.【2016年新课标Ⅱ卷】Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 　43　 (be) often acceptable.
.....
It could be anything — gardening, cooking, music, sports — but whatever it is, 　50　 (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about
.3.【2016年新课标Ⅱ卷】 Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea.
4.【2016年新课标Ⅲ卷】 Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and __69__ (be) too violent for use at the table.
5.【2016年新课标Ⅲ卷】However, my parents didn’t seem to think such. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. 6.【2016年四川卷】 Then, after two and a half years, the mother 　69　(drive) the young panda away. 7.【2016年四川卷】We get up early in the morning. Dad cleaned the house, and then went on shopping.
8.【2016年浙江卷】 He would ask who we was and pretend not to knowing us. Then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers.
9.【2016年浙江卷】 Silk _________ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
A. had become B. was becoming
C. has become D. is becoming
10. 【2016年天津卷】When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I _____________ for years.
A. didn’t see B. haven’t seen
C. hadn’t seen D. wouldn’t see
11. 【2016年北京卷】Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred.
A. works B. has worked C. was working D. would work
12. 【2016年北京卷】—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for
—The new Star Wars. We ________ here for more than two hours.
A. waited B. wait C. would be waiting D. have been waiting
13. 【2016年北京卷】 I ________ half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.
A. read B. have read C. am reading D. will read
考点02 语态
2025年
1.（2025年全国一卷）“The players’ personalities ____60____ (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds.
2.（2025年北京卷） Usually, better outcomes ____16____ (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance.
2024年
1.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
2.【2024北京卷】On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man.
3，【2024浙江1月卷】However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ____41____ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day.
2023年
1.【2023年全国乙卷】 ___Having visited_46____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I ____47____ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
2.【2023年全国甲卷】 Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still ____50____ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
3.【2023年浙江1月卷】Citizens of higher social classes 59 (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles.
2022年
1.【2022新高考I卷】After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP __________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
2.【2022年浙江卷1月】Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ________（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
3.【2022年天津卷第二次】 Food and medical supplies________ to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday.
A. distribute B. distributed
C. are distributed D. were distributed
2021年
1.【2021.6全国甲卷】It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修复）.
2.【2021.6 浙江卷】Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home 5 (paint) white.
3.【2021.1 浙江卷】 It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
4．【2021年天津卷第一次】Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.
A．were displaying B．are displaying
C．were being displayed D．are being displayed
5. 【2021年天津卷第二次】Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he ________ jobs by a dozen computer companies.
A. has offered B. has been offered
C. had offered D. had been offered
2020年
1.【2020年新课标Ⅰ】＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 67. (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68. (construct)＂
2.【2020年新课标Ⅲ】The artist was sure he would63. (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River～perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
3.【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷（山东卷）】 The parts of a museum open to the public 40. (call) galleries or rooms. 4.【2020年浙江卷1月】People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should___64___(place)on longevity(长寿).
5.【2020年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷(海南卷)】 Readers____44____（encourage）to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of_____45_____（we）Further Resources section featured in each volume.
6.【2020年北京卷】Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they___4___(throw) away. It takes them hundreds of years___5___(break) down.7.【2020年浙江卷7月】And，as more children were born，more food ___59___(need). ...
8. 【2020年天津卷第一次】—The machine is working again！
—Yes, it broke down yesterday, but it___________.
A. has been fixed B. is being fixed
C. had been fixed D. would be fixed
2019年
1.【2019年全国卷III】 On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
2.【2019年江苏卷】They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer Olympics.
A. will install B. will have been installed C. are installed D. have been installed
3.【2019年天津卷】Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
A. is given B. are given
C. was given D. were given
2018年
1.【2018年浙江卷6月】I still remember 59 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I 60 (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
2. 【2018年北京卷】 A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days.
A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped3. 【2018年江苏卷】I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _______ in the past two years.
A. had been carried out B. would be carried out
C. is being carried out D. has been carried out4.【2018年天津卷】 My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
A. was repaired B. is repaired
C. is being repaired D. has been repaired
2017年
【2017年新课标Ⅰ卷】When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
【2017年新课标Ⅱ卷】Steam engines 　65　(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been　66　(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. ... 3.【2017年新课标Ⅲ卷】 Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time.
4. 【2017年北京卷】In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones ___________ yet.
A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented
C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented
5.【2017年江苏卷】 He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he ____________.
A. was being followed B. was following
C. had been followed D. followed
6. 【2017年天津卷】Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ___________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards
2016年
1.【2016年新课标Ⅰ卷】So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I 62 （allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. 2.【2016年新课标Ⅲ卷】Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 62 (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.
3.【2016年四川卷】The giant panda 　61　 (love) by people throughout the world. ...
4.【2016年天津卷】 I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I _____________.
A. were injured B. would be injured
C. had been injured D. would have been injured
5.【2016年北京卷】The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ with success in the end.
A. rewarded B. were rewarded C. will reward D. will be rewarded
6.【2016年江苏卷】More efforts, as reported, _________ in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.
A. are made B. will be made
C. are being made D. have been made
考点03 主谓一致
2025年
1.（2025年全国一卷）“The players’ personalities ____60____ (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always ____61____ (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ”
2.（2025年全国二卷） And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes ____41____ (be) one of them.
3.（2025年北京卷） Making choices is part of life. By the time you brushed your teeth, you ____15____ (make) several decisions even without noticing. Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes ____16____ (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance.
4.（2025年1月浙江卷）The concept ____62____ (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies.
2024年
1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____the61____ first time.
2.【2024全国甲卷】 They ____44____（be）part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
3.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】 “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns.
4.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
5.【2024北京卷】On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man.
6.【2024浙江1月卷】If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____42____ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs ___designed_43____ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份).
2023年
1.【2023年全国乙卷】 ____Having visited46____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I ____47____ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. ...The ____remarkable49____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____50_____ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
2.【2023年全国甲卷】 In the evening, when I take the walk in the school garden, the singing of insects become more meaningful to me.
3.【2023年浙江1月卷】Citizens of higher social classes 59 (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles.
4.【2023年北京卷】For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China ____16____(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
2022年
1.【2022新高考I卷】The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)previously unprotected....After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP __________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
2.【2022全国甲卷】In the last five years, Cao ___________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents
3.【2022年浙江卷1月】Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ________（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
4.【2022年浙江卷1月】But Cobb and others ________ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ________（change） their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. ...On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics —many of them climate scientists __________ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
5.【2022年新高考2卷】Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.
6.【2022年北京卷】 This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ____16____ (have) no recognisable smell.7.【2022年北京卷】The use of those plastics ____20____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.
8.【2022年天津卷第二次】 Food and medical supplies________ to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday.
A. distribute B. distributed
C. are distributed D. were distributed
9. 【2022年天津卷第二次】Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions.
A. prepare B. prepares
C. is preparing D. are preparing
2021年
1.【2021.6新高考1卷】What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it 6 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
2.【2021.6全国甲卷】It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修复）.
3.【2021.6 浙江卷】It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 1 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie.
4.【2021.6 浙江卷】Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home 5 (paint) white.
5.【2021.1 浙江卷】 It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
6.【2021.1 浙江卷】In cities, however, the gain 6 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
7.【2021.6全国甲卷 改错】One of the questions are: Who will you go in times of trouble
8.【2021.6全国乙卷 改错】That's our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!
9．【2021年天津卷第一次】We ________ quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break.
A．have done B．will do C．had done D．were doing
10．【2021年天津卷第一次】Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.
A．were displaying B．are displaying
C．were being displayed D．are being displayed
11. 【2021年天津卷第二次】Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he ________ jobs by a dozen computer companies.
A. has offered B. has been offered
C. had offered D. had been offered
2020年
1.【2020年新课标Ⅰ】＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 67. (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68. (construct)＂
2.【2020年新课标Ⅱ】 This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62. (carry) special significance. They represent the earth 63. (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
3.【2020年新课标Ⅱ】Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, for I have long been out of practice.
4.【2020年新课标Ⅲ】 When/As65. he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66. (point) down the river.
5. 【2020全国Ⅲ卷】My dad don’t like the soup and I don’t enjoy apples.
6.【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷（山东卷）】 The parts of a museum open to the public 40. (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection 41. (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
7.【2020年浙江卷1月】Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950___56___(be)30-today it is 41 and is expected___to increase57___(increase)to 42 by 2050.
8.【2020年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷(海南卷)】 Because the number of possible topics____43____（be）practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. Readers____44____（encourage）to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of_____45_____（we）Further Resources section featured in each volume.
9.【2020年北京卷】Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food___1__(play) a big role in his life. "
10.【2020年北京卷】Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they___4___(throw) away. It takes them hundreds of years___5___(break) down.11.【2020年浙江卷7月】And，as more children were born，more food ___59___(need). ...
12. 【2020年天津卷第一次】—The machine is working again！
—Yes, it broke down yesterday, but it___________.
A. has been fixed B. is being fixed
C. had been fixed D. would be fixed
13. 【2020年天津卷第一次】A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city ____________ in favour of the proposal on health care reform.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
2019年
1.【2019年全国卷 Ⅰ】In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ___65___ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___belief 66___ (believe) that populations are increasing. ...
Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.2.【2019年全国卷Ⅱ】Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years.”
3.【2019年全国卷ⅡAnd the other is that I wanted to help people in need.
4.【2019年全国卷III】 On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
5.【2019年全国卷III】I've had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to opens a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts.
6.【2019年北京卷】Does the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question ___7___(suggest)that，for most students，it doesn't.
7. 【2019年浙江卷6月】When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ___56___ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚).
8.【2018年浙江卷11月】 You probably _____56_____(use) caffeine since childhood. Caffeine _____57_____(be) in your first Coke. If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar, you ate caffeine.
9.【2019年江苏卷】The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three months.
A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give
10.【2019年天津卷】I __________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it.
A. had hoped B. am hoping
C. have hoped D. would hope
11.【2019年天津卷】Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
A. is given B. are given
C. was given D. were given
2018年
1.【2018年全国Ⅰ卷】While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life than65 walking, cycling or swimming.
3.【2018年全国Ⅱ卷】Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___（grow）more corn than rice.
4.【2018年全国Ⅱ卷】Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. 5【2018年全国Ⅲ卷】At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, "The classroom is a place for learning and that include leaning from textbooks, and mistake as well."
6.【2018年浙江卷6月】I still remember visiting 59 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I 60 (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
While regularly eating out seems to 61 (become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost.
7. 【2018年北京卷】Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked
8.【2018年北京卷】China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown9.【2018年天津卷】 My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
A. was repaired B. is repaired
C. is being repaired D. has been repaired
2017年
1.【2017年新课标Ⅰ卷】When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. ... Fast food ___67___ (be) full of fat and salt; by eating68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
2.【2017年新课标Ⅱ卷】Steam engines 　65　(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been　66　(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. ...3.【2017年新课标Ⅱ卷】 When summer came, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!
4.【2017年新课标Ⅲ卷】 Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. 【2017年新课标Ⅲ卷】 I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.
【2017年江苏卷】The publication of Great Expectations, which ____________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens, status as a leading novelist.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
8.【2017年江苏卷】 He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he ____________.
A. was being followed B. was following
C. had been followed D. followed
9.【2017年江苏卷】 He’s been informed that he ____________ for the scholarship because of his academic background.
A. hasn’t qualified B. hadn’t qualified
C. doesn’t qualify D. wasn’t qualifying
10. 【2017年天津卷】Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ___________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards
11. 【2017年天津卷】I ___________ down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
A. was driving B. have driven C. would drive D. drove
2016年
1.【2016年新课标Ⅰ卷】So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I 62 （allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. 2.【2016年新课标Ⅰ卷】 It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside. 3.【2016年新课标Ⅱ卷】Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 　43　 (be) often acceptable.
...
...
It could be anything — gardening, cooking, music, sports — but whatever it is, 　50　 (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
4.【2016年新课标Ⅲ卷】 Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and __69__ (be) too violent for use at the table.
5.【2016年四川卷】The giant panda 　61　 (love) by people throughout the world. ...
6.【2016年浙江卷】 He would ask who we was and pretend not to knowing us. Then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers.
7.【2016年浙江卷】 Silk _________ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
A. had become B. was becoming
C. has become D. is becoming
8. 【2016年天津卷】When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I _____________ for years.
A. didn’t see B. haven’t seen
C. hadn’t seen D. wouldn’t see
9. 【2016年北京卷】Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred.
A. works B. has worked C. was working D. would work
10. 【2016年北京卷】—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for
—The new Star Wars. We ________ here for more than two hours.
A. waited B. wait C. would be waiting D. have been waiting
11. 【2016年北京卷】 I ________ half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.
A. read B. have read C. am reading D. will read
12.【2016年北京卷】The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ with success in the end.
A. rewarded B. were rewarded C. will reward D. will be rewarded
13.【2016年江苏卷】More efforts, as reported, _________ in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.
A. are made B. will be made
C. are being made D. have been made
14. 【2016年江苏卷】Dashan, who _________ crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.
A. will be learning B. is learning
C. had been learning D. has been learning
m]
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题06 时态、语态和主谓一致
考点 十年考情（2016-2025） 命题趋势
考点1时态 （10年56考） 一般现在时（高频）：描述客观事实或习惯（2025全国一卷61题、2025浙江卷62题）； 现在完成时（高频）：时间标志词（如over/in the last years, since）（2022全国甲卷、2024浙江卷42题）； 一般过去时（高频）：明确过去时间状语（2024北京卷、2023全国乙卷47题）； 过去完成时：by the time + 过去时结构（2025北京卷15题）； 进行时态：特定语境动作（2022新高考II卷42题）。 时态考查以一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时为主，过去完成时和过去进行时考查频率次之，注重结合语境中的时间状语和上下文逻辑判断时态。 时态的考查越来越贴近实际应用场景，强调在具体语境中理解时态的意义，而非单纯记忆语法规则。 复合句中的时态一致性和时态呼应仍是考查重点，如宾语从句、时间状语从句中的时态搭配。 被动语态考查常与时态结合，重点考查一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时的被动语态结构。强调被动语态在表达客观事实和动作承受关系中的作用。 情态动词 + 被动语态（如 “can be done”“must be done”）的考查频率有所增加，注重考查学生对被动语态在不同情态意义下的运用能力。 主谓一致的考查重点在于主语的单复数判断， 就远原则的考查频率较高，注重考查学生对复杂主语结构的分析能力。主谓一致的考查常与时态、语态结合，出现在长难句中，要求学生在理解句子整体结构的基础上判断主谓一致关系。
考点2语态 （10年22考） 一般现在时被动：客观事实描述（2023浙江卷59题、2022新高考I卷）； 一般过去时被动：历史事件或特定动作（2024新课标II卷41题）； 情态动词被动：can/could/must be done（2024浙江卷41题）； 现在完成时被动：较少但存在（如2019全国III卷69题）。
考点3 主谓一致 （10年61考） 单数主语+三单动词：不可数名词/抽象概念（2025浙江卷62题、2020新课标II卷62题）； 复数主语+动词原形：some/many of...结构（2024新课标II卷38题）； 特殊结构： 1）动名词/从句作主语→单数（2020新课标II卷62题）； 2）together with/along with→就近原则（2022天津卷B）。
考点1 时态、语态和主谓一致
2025年
1.（2025年全国一卷）A decent winner always ____61____ (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ”
【答案】 61. tries
61.【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。根据always可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语a decent winner为第三人称单数，所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。
2.（2025年全国二卷） And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes ____41____ (be) one of them.
【答案】41. is
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is。
3.（2025年北京卷） Making choices is part of life. By the time you brushed your teeth, you ____15____ (make) several decisions even without noticing.
【答案】 15. had made
15. 【解析】考查时态。句意：当你刷牙的时候，你甚至在不知不觉中已经做了好几个决定。根据时间状语“By the time you brushed your teeth”可知，此处表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作，时态应用过去完成时，谓语用had made。故填had made。
4.（2025年北京卷）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists ____18____ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ____19which____ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024.
【答案】 left
【解析】考查时态。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客产生了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，这约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。根据“last year”可知，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，“leave”的过去式是“left”。故填left。
5.（2025年1月浙江卷）The concept ____62____ (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies.
【答案】is
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这个概念当然并不新鲜——几十年来，男性一直在租赁优质西装——但对于女性购物者来说，它才刚刚兴起。系动词be作谓语，句子陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语The concept是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式is。故填is。
2024年
1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____the61____ first time.
60.【答案】walks
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。
2.【2024全国甲卷】 They ____44____（be）part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
【答案】were
【解析】考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。
3.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】 “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns.
38.【答案】were
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。
5.【2024北京卷】 My heart went out to him, and I ___20___ (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!”
【20题详解】
考查时态。句意：我很同情他，然后朝他慢跑过去。句中and连接并列句，空处作后句谓语，根据句中went可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式jogged。故填jogged。
6.【2024浙江1月卷】If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____42____ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs ____designed43____ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份).
【42题详解】
考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。
7.【2024北京卷】On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man.
【答案】was named
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2024年4月5日，约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；name与主语John Tinniswood之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语John Tinniswood是单数，be动词使用was。故填was named。
2023年
1.【2023年全国乙卷】 ___Having visited_46____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I ____47____ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. ...The ____remarkable49____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____50_____ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【47题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。
【50题详解】
考查时态。句意：这座城市的显著发展，在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界，意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“development”，单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
2.【2023年全国乙卷】The color she choose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color looked just perfect.
3.考查时态。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是定语从句的谓语动词，由上文Last Friday可知，应用一般过去时。故choose改为chose。
4.考查定语从句。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是woman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故that改为whose。
3.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】
As a little girl, I ___45___ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
【45题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。
4.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】 As a little girl, I ___45___ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
【45题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。
5.【2023年全国甲卷】I used to afraid of insects, but last Friday’ s biology class make a big change in me....
1.考查谓语动词。句意：我过去害怕昆虫，但是上星期五的生物课使我发生了很大的变化。表示“害怕……”短语为be afraid of，此处为used to do sth.。故to后添加be。
2.考查时态。句意：我过去害怕昆虫，但是上星期五的生物课使我发生了很大的变化。事情发生在上周五，故用一般过去时。故make改为made。
6.【2023年全国甲卷】 In the evening, when I take the walk in the school garden, the singing of insects become more meaningful to me.
9.考查冠词。句意：晚上，当我在学校的花园里散步时，昆虫的歌声对我来说变得更有意义。表示“散步”短语为take a walk。故the改为a。
10.考查主谓一致。句意：晚上，当我在学校的花园里散步时，昆虫的歌声对我来说变得更有意义。此处为一般现在时，主语为the singing of insects，谓语用三单形式。故become改为becomes。
7.【2023年浙江1月卷】The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often 60 (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).
【答案】featured
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院，通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填谓语动词，再结合上下文时态可知，空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。
8.【2023年北京卷】For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China ____16____(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
【答案】has established
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。
2022年
1.【2022新高考I卷】The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)previously unprotected....After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. 答案：were
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。
2.【2022全国甲卷】In the last five years, Cao ___________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents
答案：has walked
解析：考查动词时态。句意：在过去五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
3.【2022全国乙卷】The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___________ (address) the opening ceremony.
答案：addressed
解析：考查时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填addressed。
4.【2022年浙江卷1月】But Cobb and others ________ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ________（change） their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. ...On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics —many of them climate scientists __________ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
答案：are；changing
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。第一空：根据句意可知，此处也应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填are。第二空：分析句子结构可知，此处and连接并列的动词questioning和change，故填changing。
答案：have promised
解析：考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promised。
5.【2022年新高考2卷】Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ___43___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
答案：42. was fixing 43. threw
【42题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
【43题详解】
考查谓语动词过去式。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一边，伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构，设空处与空后的and started构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词，意为“扔”，过去时为threw。故填threw。
6.【2022年北京卷】 Eventually, the man ____13____ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
考查动词时态。句意：最终，那个男人追上了她，他只是想把她的钱包还给她！结合句意空处应填谓语动词的形式，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填caught。
7.【2022年北京卷】 This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ____16____ (have) no recognisable smell.
考查主谓一致。句意：气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语，本句话是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称，为不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。
8.【2022年北京卷】The use of those plastics ____20____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.
4.考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。
9. 【2022年天津卷第二次】Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions.
A. prepare B. prepares
C. is preparing D. are preparing
【答案】B
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：批判性推理和解决问题的能力有助于青少年做出更好的决定。短语together with/along with/as well as, etc连接两个并列的名词或代词做主语时谓语动词的数由该结构前的名词或代词决定，句子主语为Critical reasoning，谓语动词应用单数形式，此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时。故选B项。
10. 【2022年天津卷第二次】The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school________ the party.
A. cancels B. will cancel
C. has cancelled D. had cancelled
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：当孩子们发现学校取消了派对时，他们无法掩饰他们的失望。结合句意可知，学校取消派对发生在前，孩子无法掩饰失望发生在后，故从句的cancel为“过去的过去”，需要用过去完成时态。故选D项。
2021年
1.【2021.6新高考1卷】What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it 6 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
【答案】was
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填谓语动词。根据空后的提示词then可知，表示当时的情况，故此处谓语动词应用一般过去时；从句主语为it，是第三人称单数形式。故填was。
2.【2021.6 浙江卷】 After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 10 (sell) most of their furniture.
【答案】sold
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：1861年，林肯被选举为国家总统后，他们租了房子并且卖掉了大部分的家具。rent和sold为并列谓语，用and连接，所以都用一般过去时。
3.【2021.6全国甲卷】We 6 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
【答案】hired
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据句子的结构可知空格应该填写谓语动词，根据后文My bike was old可知， 应该为过去的时态，主语为we, 为主动语态，故填hired。
4.【2021.6 浙江卷】It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 1 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie.
【答案】has proved 或 has proven
【解析】考查现在完成时。结合句中since一词，可以判断句子的谓语应该用现在完成时。句意：自从它开放后，林肯的家已经证明是让游客们不可抵挡地想去参观的。
5.【2021.1 浙江卷】In cities, however, the gain 6 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
【答案】was
【解析】考查系动词。句意：然而在城市里，女人增长数值是1.3，男人增长为1.6。分析句子结构可知主the gain是单数且该句陈述过去研究数据时态为一般过去时，故答案为was。
6.【2021.6全国甲卷 改错】One of the questions are: Who will you go in times of trouble
【答案】are改为is；
【解析】考查主谓一致。主语为one of the questions，表示问题中的一个，是单数意义，谓语动词应为单数，故are改为is。
7.【2021.6全国乙卷 改错】That's our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!
把hopes改为hope
考查省略句。分析题目可知，此处表示(I) hope this can inspire…，故hope应用动词原形形式。故把hopes改为hope。
8.【2021.6全国乙卷 改错】I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever necessary.
【答案】把tidying改为tidy
【解析】考查谓语动词。根据句中的and可知，water和tidy应为并列动作，所以动词形式应该保持一致。故把tidying改为tidy。
9．【2021年天津卷第一次】We ________ quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break.
A．have done B．will do C．had done D．were doing
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态。句意：今天上午我们做的工作够多的了，现在让我们休息一下吧。根据后半句“now let's take a break.”可知，做很多工作这件事情是从过去某个时间开始一直到现在，应用现在完成时。故选A。
10. 【2021年天津卷第二次】Good evening, everybody. Professor King ________ his lecture in a moment, but let me introduce him first.
A. delivered B. will be delivering
C. was delivering D. has been delivering
【答案】B
【解析】考查将来进行时。句意：大家晚上好，金教授马上要发表演讲，但（开始之前）让我先介绍一下他。根据语境和标志词in a moment（立即，即将，一会儿）的提示，可知教授的演讲还未开始，用将来时态（一般将来时或将来进行时），仅有B符合题意，是将来进行时的结构，故选B。
11.【2021年北京卷】As it 13 （connect） things，your brain tums them into a story，and you get a dream．
答案：connects
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当大脑将事物联系起来时，它会把它们变成一个故事，然后你就会做梦。此处描述的是客观规律，应用一般现在时；主语 it（指代 your brain）为第三人称单数，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式，故填 connects。
12.【2021年北京卷】There 17 （be） a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years， causing 18 （cause） largely by rising global temperatures，according to a new report from the United Nations．
答案：has been
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，在过去 20 年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语 “over the past 20 years” 可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语 “a dramatic rise” 为单数，助动词需用 has，故填 has been。
2020年
1.【2020年新课标Ⅰ】China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61. (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin....
＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 67. (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68. (construct)＂
61. .考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。
67. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。
68. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。
2.【2020年新课标Ⅱ】 This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62. (carry) special significance.
62. 考查主谓一致。句意：这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。
3.【2020年新课标Ⅱ】Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, for I have long been out of practice.
4.考查时态。句意：事实上，我七岁时就开始学功夫了。分析句子，此处动词start讲述的是7岁的时候，动词应该用过去时。故将start改为started。
5.考查连词。句意：但我早就不练习了。分析句子，此处前句提到“我7岁开始学功夫”，后句提到“很久没有练习了”。此处前后应是转折关系。故将for改为but / yet。
4.【2020年新课标Ⅲ】When/As65. he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66. (point) down the river.
66. 考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
5. 【2020全国Ⅲ卷】My dad don’t like the soup and I don’t enjoy apples.
第七处：考查主谓一致。句意：我爸爸不喜欢汤，我也不喜欢苹果。表示经常或反复发生的事情，用一般现在时。主语my dad是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，所以don’t改成doesn’t。
【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷（山东卷）】 The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, which/that38. (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39. opened in 1759.
Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection 41. (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
38. 考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯 斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。
41. 考查主谓一致。句意:通常，博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时，主语a small part of a museum’s collection是单数概念，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式，且后面的Most of it is stored away or used for research.中的is也是提示。故填is。
7.【2020年浙江卷1月】Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950___56___(be)30-today it is 41 and is expected___to increase57___(increase)to 42 by 2050.
【56题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：1950年美国人的中年年龄是30岁，今天是41岁，预计到2050年将增加到42岁。结合上文in 1950可知应用一般过去时，且主语为The median age of an American，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填was。
【2020年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷(海南卷)】 Because the number of possible topics____43____（be）practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology.
【43题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：因为可能的主题的数量几乎是无限的，所以我们关注最有趣和最有用的应用程序和工具的一个示例，并解释技术的基本原理。the number of ……的数目，后接可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用单数。根据文章中的时态可知，用一般现在时。故填is。
8.【2020年北京卷】Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food___1__(play) a big role in his life. "
【1题详解】
考查时态。句意：他说食物在他的生命中扮演着重要角色。此处表示现在的状态，也可以表示从过去一直到现在延续的状态，所以可以用现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时和现在完成进行时。故填plays/has played/is playing/has been playing。
9.【2020年北京卷】The Neanderthals___9___（live）alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago.
【答案】 9. lived/had lived/had been living
【9题详解】
考查动词的时态和语态。句意：尼安德特人与人类祖先一起在欧洲生活了数万年，直到大约4万年前灭绝。设空处在句中作谓语，结合句意，此处是指在灭绝之前一直生活了数万年。设空处的动作发生在灭绝之前，结合时间状语for tens of thousands of years。故应用过去完成时态或者过去完成进行时态；又因动作发生在过去，强调过去发生的动作，也可用一般过去时。故答案为lived/had lived/had been living。
10.【2020年浙江卷7月】By about 6000 BC，people ___61___ (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
【61题详解】
考查时态。句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到…为止”，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.
11. 【2020年天津卷第一次】A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city ____________ in favour of the proposal on health care reform.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：去年进行的一项调查显示，该市80％的中年人赞成医疗改革的建议。通过分析句子结构并翻译语境可知，主句时态为一般过去时，根据时态一致性可知从句中时态也为一般过去时，且从句中主语80% of the middle-aged是复数，按照主谓一致原则，因此使用be动词were。故选D项。
12. 【2020年江苏卷】If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that ______ everyone.
A. suit B. suited C. suits D. has suited
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：如果你从各个方面看问题，你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解决方案。句子描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时；此处是定语从句谓语动词，先行词是a solution，从句谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。故选C。
13. 【2020年江苏卷】Instead of getting down to a new task as I _____, he examined the previous work again.
A. had expected B. have expected C. would expect D. expect
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:他没有像我所期望的那样着手做新工作，而是又检查了一遍以前的工作。此处描述的动作发生在examined之前，属于“过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时。故选A。
2019年
1.【2019年全国卷 Ⅰ】In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ___65___ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___ (believe) that populations are increasing. ...
Of ___the 69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
65. have reported【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。
66.belief 【解析】考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief。
70. are【解析】考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。
2.【2019年全国卷Ⅱ】Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans ___to retire65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years.”
64.【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。
66.【解析】考查动词时态。根据该定语从句中时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。
3.【2019年全国卷Ⅱ】One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.
第八处：【解析】考查形容词用法。“amaze（使惊奇；使惊愕）”形容词形式有amazed（大为惊奇）与amazing（令人大为惊奇的）。本句话中主语为I，句意:病人看完医生就会感觉好很多，对此我感到惊奇，而不是我令别人惊奇。故将amazing改为amazed。
第九处：【解析】考查形容词比较级。句中better为well（健康；身体好）的比较级形式，多音节的形容词或副词构成比较级用more 加形容词或副词，即more不能与berrer连用。故将more去掉。
第十处：【解析】考查一般过去时。本篇文章使用的全是一般过去时，且与最后一句并列的“one was that…”用的也是一般过去时，所以最后一句话时态应为一般过去时。讲述当时做决定时的原因。故将is改为was。
4.【2019年全国卷III】 Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
65.recommended【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommended。
5.【2019年全国卷III】I've had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to opens a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts.
第一处：【解析】考查不定式的用法。不定式做表语，to后用动词原形。故把 opens改为 open。
第二处：【解析】考查动词的时态。短文的主体时态都是现代时。故把 required改为 requires。
6.【2019年北京卷】On the first day of my first grade，I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I ___1___(voice)my biggest concern to my mother.
1.考查时态。句意：我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧，“我将如何交朋友？”此处的voice是动词，“表达”的意思，作谓语。叙述的是一年级的事情，用过去式。故填voiced。
7.【2019年北京卷】Does the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question ___7___(suggest)that，for most students，it doesn't.
7.考查时态。句意：对于这个问题的研究表明，对于大多数学生来说，它不重要。这里表示研究的客观结果，所以用现在时或一般过去时均可，故填suggests/suggested/has suggested。
8.【2019年浙江卷6月】When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ___56___ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚). ... One study in America found that students' grades ___62___ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.
56. has/will have【解析】考查时态。句意：当每个学生在校穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是when引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此，主句可以使用将来时will do；根据语境可知，本文叙述的是客观事实，因此，本句亦可用一般现在时，主语是nobody，谓语用has。故填will have/has。
62. improved【解析】考查时态。句意：美国的一项研究发现，在学校引入校服后，学生的成绩有所提高。本句是after引导的时间状语从句，前后时态保持一致，从句使用了一般过去式，主句用一般过去式。故填improved。
9.【2018年浙江卷11月】 You probably _____56_____(use) caffeine since childhood. Caffeine _____57_____(be) in your first Coke. If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar, you ate caffeine.
56．考查时态语态。句中时间状语since childhood和现在完成时连用，此处指你可能从小就摄入咖啡因，表示动作从过去开始持续到现在或动作一直在进行，用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。故填have used/ have been using。
57．考查主谓一致。主语Caffeine是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。此处表示一种事实可以用一般现在时。也可以指小时候的事用一般过去时，故填is (was)。
10.【2019年江苏卷】The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three months.
A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give
22.B【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。本句主语为the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。
11.【2019年江苏卷】A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ___________ in love with the people and culture there.
A. would fall B. had fallen C. has fallen D. fell
29.D【解析】考查谓语动词时态。句意：他到中国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在had arrived之后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。故选D。
12.【2019年江苏卷】What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together.
A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had
31.C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。
13.【2019年天津卷】I __________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it.
A. had hoped B. am hoping
C. have hoped D. would hope
【答案】A
【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：我本来计划在Peter结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。第二个分句中“couldn’t”用的是一般过去时，它之前的动作用过去完成时。故选A。
2018年
1.【2018年全国Ⅰ卷】While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life than65 walking, cycling or swimming.
64.is 考查动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。
2.【2018年全国Ⅰ卷】During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there.
1. countryside前加the　考查冠词。去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。
2.find改成found　考查动词时态。根据文章中的During my last winter holiday可知，事件发生在过去，故用一个过去时。故将find改成found。
3.【2018年全国Ⅱ卷】Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___（grow）more corn than rice. ... The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___68___ (start) a soil-testing program ___that/which69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
61. 考查时态。since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时。句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。
68. 考查谓语动词。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，故用过去时。故填started。
4.【2018年全国Ⅱ卷】 Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.
第七处：考查固定搭配。be unwilling to do sth.意为“不愿意做某事，不情愿做某事”。本文介绍的是过去的情况，故用过去时。所以在unwilling前加was。
第八处：考查介词。play the games with sb.表示“和某人一块玩游戏”，故把for改为with。
第九处：考查时态。根据上下文语境可知此处要用一般过去时。故把are改为were。
5.【2018年全国Ⅲ卷】True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____(mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder!"
69. 考查谓语动词。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时，所以用meant。
6.【2018年全国Ⅲ卷】At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, "The classroom is a place for learning and that include leaning from textbooks, and mistake as well."
第八处：考查主谓一致。that作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数includes。
第九处：考查名词单复数。错误不是一个，所以要用复数。
7. 【2018年北京卷】 —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here I haven’t seen you around
—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday.
A. start B. have started C. started D. had started
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：——嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。——你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob现在在这儿，他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C选项正确。
点睛：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态或过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如：yesterday，last week，in the past，in 2017，once，a few days ago等。
8 【2018年北京卷】Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：Susan已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年当我探望她的时候，她正在一个社区里做志愿者。Susan辞职发生在她当志愿者之前，had quit是过去完成时态，过去完成时态通俗的说就是“过去的过去”，且结合时间状语when I visited her last year可知，Susan做志愿者是过去的某个时间段发生的情况，故该空应用过去进行时态。B选项正确。
点睛：过去进行时表示在过去某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。
9. 【2018年北京卷】China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从9,000公里增长到25,000公里。该句时间状语为in the past few years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况，故该句应用现在完成时态。B选项正确。
10.【2018年江苏卷】 Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _______ more convenient electronic communication tools by then.
A. have developed B. had developed
C. will have developed D. developed
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：希望在2025年，我们不再互相发电子邮件，因为到那时候我们将开发更方便的电子通信工具。根据时间状语in 2025，可知用将来时；再根据时间状语by then到那时，可知用完成时。结合两者可知用将来完成时。故选C。
2017年
1.【2017年新课标Ⅰ卷】 Fast food ___67___ (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
【答案】
67. is 考查主谓一致。句意：快餐食物中满是脂肪和盐。fast food的意思是＂快餐＂，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
68. eating 考查动名词。句意：通过吃更多的快餐，人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填名词、动名词，所以填eating。
2.【2017年新课标Ⅰ卷】Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether.
第三处：so改为but/yet 考查连词。根据句意可知作者本以为自己已经掌握了教练的话，结果一发动车，脑中一片空白，前后文为转折关系，故将so改为but或yet。
第四处：goes改为went 考查时态。根据前文中的started可知时态为一般过去时，故将goes改为went。
3.【2017年新课标Ⅱ卷】 Later, engineers 　68　(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube.
68. managed【解析】考查动词时态。因为engineers与manage之间为主动关系,而且是发生在过去的事情,所以填managed。
4.【2017年新课标Ⅱ卷】When summer came, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!
第九处：came改为comes：考查时态，本文全篇为一般现在时，故将came改为comes。
第十处：pick改为to pick：考查非谓语动词，本句出现了两个动词，所以要将第二个动词变为非谓语动词，又根据句意：摘新鲜的蔬菜是目的，所以把第二个动词变为to do不定式的形式表目的，故将pick前加上to。
5.【2017年新课标Ⅲ卷】 I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.
第二处：had→have 考查动词时态。根据时间状语in the past few years判断用现在完成时。
第三处：and→but 考查连词。固定短语not only…but also…意为＂不但……而且……＂。
第四处：took→taken 考查动词。根据句意可知此处表示被动含义，故把took改为taken。
6.【2017年浙江卷】 Pahlsson and her husband 　62　(search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing."I gave up hope of finding my ring again, "she says. She never replaced it.
62. searched 【解析】考查动词时态。根据＂but turned up nothing＂可知这里是叙述过去发生的事情，要用一般过去时，故填searched。
7. 【2017年北京卷】People ___________ better access to health care than they used to, and they’re living longer as a result.
A. will have B. have C. had D. had had
【答案】B
【解析】句意：人们有着比过去更好的医疗保健，所以他们更长寿。与过去对比是现在，所以than前一句话是用现在的时间，而且后一句用的就是现在时态，所以前面也用现在时态，故选B。
8.【2017年江苏卷】The publication of Great Expectations, which ____________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens, status as a leading novelist.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】24. C
【解析】 考查主谓一致。本句是包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是Great Expectations是书名，看作单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据＂strengthened＂可知，＂被广泛阅读和得到高度评价＂发生在过去，故选C。
9.【2017年江苏卷】 He’s been informed that he ____________ for the scholarship because of his academic background.
A. hasn’t qualified B. hadn’t qualified
C. doesn’t qualify D. wasn’t qualifying
【答案】31. C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：他已经被告知由于教育背景的原因而没有资格获得奖学金。qualify for sth达标，获得参赛资格；由于条件不满足而没有资格做某事，是客观事实，用一般现在时。故选C。
10.【2017年天津卷】I ___________ down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
A. was driving B. have driven C. would drive D. drove
【答案】A
【解析】根据固定句型：was/ were doing sth. + when…(正在做某事，就在这时突然)可知选A。
2016年
1.【2016年新课标Ⅰ卷】 It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside.
73. had →have 文章是介绍现在的情况，背景时态是一般现在时。
2.【2016年新课标Ⅱ卷】Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 　43　 (be) often acceptable.
.....
It could be anything — gardening, cooking, music, sports — but whatever it is, 　50　 (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
43. is考查主谓一致和时态。把不太重要的事情留到明天通常是可以接受的。分析句子结构可知,该句中的主语为动名词短语"Leaving the less important things until tomorrow",故谓语动词为第三人称单数形式,且全文的基本时态为一般现在时。故填is。
50. make 考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知,but连接两个并列分句。其中第二个分句中,whatever引导让步状语从句,其后为祈使句充当主句。故填make。
3.【2016年新课标Ⅱ卷】 Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea.
8.去掉can或can→should 考查虚拟语气。动词suggest作建议讲时，后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气，即“(should+)动词原形”,所以本句可以去掉can或将can改为should。
9.thought→think 考查时态。本文是介绍我和同学们商量暑假旅游的事情，全文以一般现在时为主，所以要把thought改为think。
4.【2016年新课标Ⅲ卷】 Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and __69__ (be) too violent for use at the table.
69.were
【解析】考查动词的时态及主谓一致。根据句意可知，这里指的是刀子因太暴力而不适合在餐桌上使用，believed后跟一个宾语从句，and连接了两个并列的谓语，主语knives是复数形式，根据时态和主谓一致的原则，这里应用were。
5.【2016年新课标Ⅲ卷】However, my parents didn’t seem to think such. They always tell me what to do and how to do it.
第五处：such改为so。考查固定搭配。由＂I don’t think so.＂的固定表达可知，应将such改为so。
第六处：tell改为told。考查语篇中时态的一致性。全文中心时态为一般过去时，故应将tell改为told。
6.【2016年四川卷】 Then, after two and a half years, the mother 　69　(drive) the young panda away.
69.drove 句意：然后，两年半后妈妈赶小熊猫离开。根据句意可知用一般过去时态，故填drove。
7.【2016年四川卷】We get up early in the morning. Dad cleaned the house, and then went on shopping.
第四处： get→got 句意：在母亲节的早上我们起床很早。此处用一般过去时态，故把get改为got。
第五处：去掉on 固定词组：go shopping 去购物。故去掉on。
8.【2016年浙江卷】 He would ask who we was and pretend not to knowing us. Then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers.
第五处：这句话的主语是we，谓语要用复数，而且这篇文章是作者回忆小时候的事情，用一般过去时。故
was改成were。
第六处：pretend后面接不定式作宾语，这里是否定式pretend not to do。故knowing改成know。
考点：考查动词不定式
第七处：句意：他和我妈妈会喝些东西。这里不是虚拟语气，不能用would have done，用would do表示“过
去常常做”。故去掉had。
考点：考查动词形式
9.【2016年浙江卷】 Silk _________ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
A. had become B. was becoming
C. has become D. is becoming
【答案】A
【解析】 句意：到公元前100年为止，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。时间状语是by+过去时间，谓语用过去完成时。故选A。
10. 【2016年天津卷】When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I _____________ for years.
A. didn’t see B. haven’t seen
C. hadn’t seen D. wouldn’t see
【答案】C
【解析】句意：当沿着街道散步的时候，我遇见了多年未见的David。根据语境，“not see”这个动作发生在came across之前，是过去的过去发生的动作，用过去完成时。故选C。
11. 【2016年北京卷】Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred.
A. works B. has worked C. was working D. would work
【答案】C
【解析】题目考查时态。句意：突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。根据occurred可知，这里指过去某时刻正在发生的事情，断电时，杰克正在工作，综合用过去进行时，故选C。
考点：考查时态
12. 【2016年北京卷】—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for
—The new Star Wars. We ________ here for more than two hours.
A. waited B. wait C. would be waiting D. have been waiting
【答案】D
【解析】题目考查时态。句意：——打扰了，你们在等哪一部电影？——《星球大战》，我们已经在这儿等了两个多小时了。＂for+时间段＂与完成时连用，根据语境可知，说话的时候仍然在等，因此用现在完成进行时，故选D。
考点：考查时态
13. 【2016年北京卷】 I ________ half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.
A. read B. have read C. am reading D. will read
【答案】B
【解析】题目考查时态。句意：我已经看完了这本英文小说的一半，周末会尽力把另一半看完。发生在过去的动作对现在产生影响，用现在完成时。＂看小说＂这一动作发生在过去，到目前为止看了一半，故用完成时，故选B。
考点02 语态
2025年
1.（2025年全国一卷）“The players’ personalities ____60____ (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds.
【答案】60. are revealed
60.【解析】考查动词语态。句意：她补充说：“玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来，一个人的弱点会暴露给对手。”本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The players’ personalities与动词reveal“揭示，显示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are revealed。
2.（2025年北京卷） Usually, better outcomes ____16____ (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance.
【答案】 16. are achieved
16. 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：通常，通过充分了解风险承受能力等策略，可以取得更好的结果。根据时间状语“Usually”可知，此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作，时态应用一般现在时；主语better outcomes和动词achieve“实现”之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语better outcomes是复数，be动词应用are。故填are achieved。
2024年
1.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
40.【答案】inspired
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。
41.【答案】was built
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。
2.【2024北京卷】On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man.
【15题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2024年4月5日，约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；name与主语John Tinniswood之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语John Tinniswood是单数，be动词使用was。故填was named。
3，【2024浙江1月卷】However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ____41____ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day.
【41题详解】
考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。
2023年
1.【2023年全国乙卷】 ___Having visited_46____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I ____47____ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
【47题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。
2.【2023年全国甲卷】 Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still ____50____ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
【50题详解】
考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。
3.【2023年浙江1月卷】Citizens of higher social classes 59 (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles.
【答案】were permitted
【解析】考查动词的被动语态。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。
2022年
1.【2022新高考I卷】After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP __________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
答案：is designed
解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填is designed。
2.【2022年浙江卷1月】Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ________（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
答案：is viewed或has been viewed
解析：考查被动语态。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。
3.【2022年天津卷第二次】 Food and medical supplies________ to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday.
A. distribute B. distributed
C. are distributed D. were distributed
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：上周日飓风过后，食品和药品供给被分发给了所有居民。分析句子成分可知，Food and medical supplies作主语，为复数，与动词distribute“分发”为动宾关系，故需要用被动语态be distributed；根据后文last Sunday“上周日”可知，句子需要用一般过去时态，故be动词要用were。故选D项。
2021年
1.【2021.6全国甲卷】It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修复）.
【答案】was built ;
【解析】考查动词的时态/语态以及主谓一致。根据句子结构可知，空格填写谓语动词， 又因it指代前面The Xi'an City Wall，和build是被动关系，且是在 the Tang dynasty被建立，故用过去式的被动语态。本句句意：它最初是在唐代为保护这座城市而建的，现在已经完全修复。故填was built。
2.【2021.6 浙江卷】Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home 5 (paint) white.
【答案】was painted
【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这个小房子被粉刷成白色。房子被粉刷，所以用被动。动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时。
3.【2021.1 浙江卷】 It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
【答案】is considered
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：介于19-25的BMI数值被认为是健康的。分析句子结构a BMI of between 19 and 25 (consider) healthy.可知 Consider做谓语，主语是单数，根据句意谓语动词应为被动且时态为一般现在时，故答案为 is considered。
4．【2021年天津卷第一次】Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.
A．were displaying B．are displaying
C．were being displayed D．are being displayed
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态和语态。目前，大约有35000件作品陈列在卢浮宫的300多个展室里，要看完所有的展品恐怕要花一辈子的时间。根据上文“Currently(目前)”可知，应该用现在进行时；display与主语works之间为被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动。故选D。
5. 【2021年天津卷第二次】Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he ________ jobs by a dozen computer companies.
A. has offered B. has been offered
C. had offered D. had been offered
【答案】D
【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：马克是个天才。到他毕业的时候，已经有十几家电脑公司给他提供了工作机会。该句是复合句，含By the time引导的时间状语从句，主句动作先于从句动作，且主句主语he和谓语动词offer之间是被动关系，是过去完成时的被动语态。故选D。
2020年
1.【2020年新课标Ⅰ】＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 67. (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68. (construct)＂
67. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。
68. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。
2.【2020年新课标Ⅲ】The artist was sure he would63. (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River～perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
63. 考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
3.【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷（山东卷）】 The parts of a museum open to the public 40. (call) galleries or rooms. 40. 考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。
4.【2020年浙江卷1月】People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should___64___(place)on longevity(长寿).
【64题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：然而，更多的关注应放在寿命上。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且should后跟动词原形，故填be placed。
5.【2020年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷(海南卷)】 Readers____44____（encourage）to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of_____45_____（we）Further Resources section featured in each volume.
【44题详解】
考查语态。句意：我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界，并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。主语Readers与encourage之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据文章中的时态可知，用一般现在时。故填are encouraged。
【45题详解】
考查代词。句意：我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界，并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。修饰名词Further Resources section，前用形容词性物主代词。故填our。
6.【2020年北京卷】Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they___4___(throw) away. It takes them hundreds of years___5___(break) down.
【4题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：一次性塑料袋在扔掉之前最多使用几次。本文讲的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，主语they（Single-use plastic bags ）和谓语动词throw之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且谓语动词用复数形式。故填are thrown。
【5题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to do sth.（花某人/物多长时间干某事），此处用动词不定式（to do ）作真正主语，It形式主语。故填to break。
7.【2020年浙江卷7月】And，as more children were born，more food ___59___(need). ...
【59题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。
8. 【2020年天津卷第一次】—The machine is working again！
—Yes, it broke down yesterday, but it___________.
A. has been fixed B. is being fixed
C. had been fixed D. would be fixed
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：机器又运转了！是的，昨天机器出故障了，但已经被修好了。通过分析语境可知，此处使用现在完成时，表示截至目前已经完成的动作。故选A项。
2019年
1.【2019年全国卷III】 On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
69.were invited【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。
70.listening【解析】考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。
2.【2019年江苏卷】They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer Olympics.
A. will install B. will have been installed C. are installed D. have been installed
33.B【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选B。
3.【2019年天津卷】Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
A. is given B. are given
C. was given D. were given
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查时态和语态。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。根据last week可知应用过去时，排除选项A和B。as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词就前原则。这句话真正的主语是Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动。故选C。
2018年
1.【2018年浙江卷6月】I still remember 59 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I 60 (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
59.visiting 【解析】考查动词形式。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用remember doing sth.， 故填visiting。
60. was shocked. 【解析】考查形容词。此处表示我感到很震惊。shock的主语是I,用形容词和系动词组成系表结构，表示过去发生的事，系动词用过去式。故填was shocked。
2. 【2018年北京卷】 A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days.
A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped
【答案】D
【解析】考查语态和时态。句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“who ___ in the mountains for two days”是定语从句，修饰two tourists，two tourists和trap之间是被动关系，该空应用被动语态。由risked可知，营救人员救游客是过去的事情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前，即“过去的过去”，该空应用过去完成时态。综上，D选项正确。
3. 【2018年江苏卷】I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _______ in the past two years.
A. had been carried out B. would be carried out
C. is being carried out D. has been carried out
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。根据句中时间状语last month和in the past two years可知用过去完成时。故选A。
4.【2018年天津卷】 My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
A. was repaired B. is repaired
C. is being repaired D. has been repaired
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知，洗衣机正在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。
2017年
【2017年新课标Ⅰ卷】When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
【答案】64. are removed 考查被动语态。句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉。分析可知fat，salt和move之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是两种东西，且是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填are removed。
2.【2017年新课标Ⅱ卷】Steam engines 　65　(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been　66　(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. ...
65. were used【解析】考查动词时态和语态。因为是介绍1863年的事情,而且Steam engines与use之间为被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were used。
3.【2017年新课标Ⅲ卷】 Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time.
【答案】63. was told / has been told 考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可判断出谓语动词应该用一般过去时或现在完成时的被动形式，又因主语Sarah是第三人称单数，故填was told / has been told。
4. 【2017年北京卷】In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones ___________ yet.
A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented
C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented
【答案】D
试题分析：句意：在美国20世纪50年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话，并且无线电话还根本没有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态，排除A和C，事情发生在过去，与现在无关，不用现在完成时，排除B，故选D，过去完成时的被动语态。
5.【2017年江苏卷】 He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he ____________.
A. was being followed B. was following
C. had been followed D. followed
【答案】27. A
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子成分可知，he和follow是被动关系，即他被别人跟踪，排除B、D；根据句意＂在匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否正被跟踪＂，故用过去进行时最合适，故选A。
6. 【2017年天津卷】Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ___________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards
【答案】B
【解析】句意：现在骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语regard...as… (把……看做……)和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和D；由介词短语along with连接的三个名词作主语，谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，排除C。故选B。
2016年
1.【2016年新课标Ⅰ卷】So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I 62 （allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.
62. was allowed考查时态和语态。根据句意作者是被允许走近这些动物。
2.【2016年新课标Ⅲ卷】Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 62 (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.
62.be made
【解析】考查动词的语态及情态动词的用法。精美的筷子可能是由刻有汉字的金或银制成的。sth. be made of…某物由……制成，情态动词后跟动词原形，故填be made。
3.【2016年四川卷】The giant panda 　61　 (love) by people throughout the world. ...
61.is loved 句意：大熊猫被全世界的人喜欢。根据句意可知用一般现在时的被动语态，The giant panda是单数第三人称形式，故填is loved。
4.【2016年天津卷】 I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I _____________.
A. were injured B. would be injured
C. had been injured D. would have been injured
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。此处使用虚拟语气，if条件句用了had done，由此可知，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，而且I和injure是被动关系，故选D。
5.【2016年北京卷】The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ with success in the end.
A. rewarded B. were rewarded C. will reward D. will be rewarded
【答案】D
【解析】题目考查时态和语态。句意：学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力(将来)一定会得到回报。根据句意可知，回报是将来要发生的事情，应该用将来时；efforts和reward是被动关系，应该使用被动语态，故选D。
6.【2016年江苏卷】More efforts, as reported, _________ in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.
A. are made B. will be made
C. are being made D. have been made
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。本句的时间状语in the years ahead＂在将来的几年＂和一般将来时连用，且efforts与动词make构成被动关系，所以使用被动语态。所以要使用一般将来时的被动语态形式，故B项正确。
考点03 主谓一致
2025年
1.（2025年全国一卷）“The players’ personalities ____60____ (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always ____61____ (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ”
【答案】60. are revealed 61. tries
60.【解析】考查动词语态。句意：她补充说：“玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来，一个人的弱点会暴露给对手。”本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The players’ personalities与动词reveal“揭示，显示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are revealed。
61.【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。根据always可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语a decent winner为第三人称单数，所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。
2.（2025年全国二卷） And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes ____41____ (be) one of them.
【答案】41. is
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is。
3.（2025年北京卷） Making choices is part of life. By the time you brushed your teeth, you ____15____ (make) several decisions even without noticing. Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes ____16____ (achieve) through a thorough understanding of s

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