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专题07 情态动词和虚拟语气
考点 十年考情（2016-2025） 命题趋势
考点 情态动词和虚拟语气 （10年24考） 推测用法（7次）：can/could/may/might + do/have done（2021天津卷C could drive） 许可/能力（4次）：can/could表许可（2020天津卷B can stay） 后悔/批评（3次）：should/shouldn't + have done（2020天津卷D shouldn't have scolded） 过去虚拟：if + had done, 主句 + would have done（2018北京卷D had driven） 错综时间：if + had done, 主句 + would do（2020江苏卷C wouldn't be） 特殊句式（4次）： wish + 过去时（2018江苏卷A had） It's strange that... should do（2018江苏卷B should have taken） 情态动词重点考查情态动词在语境中的推测功能（如 can 表客观可能、must 表肯定推测、could/may 表过去可能），以及情态动词 + have done 结构（对过去行为的推测或评价）。 注重情态动词表 “允许、义务、必要性” 的基本用法（如 can 表许可、needn't 表不必），结合被动语态的考查频率增加。 虚拟语气核心考点为 if 条件句的虚拟（对过去、现在、将来的虚拟），尤其侧重对过去的虚拟（had done+would have done）和错综时间虚拟句。 特殊句型中的虚拟语气（如 It's strange that...、wish 后宾语从句）考查频率稳定。
考点 情态动词和虚拟语气
2024年
【2024浙江1月卷】However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ____41____ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day.
2022-2021年
1．【2021年天津卷第一次】It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere.
A．need B．should C．could D．must
2.【2021年天津卷第二次】 ---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted.
---Wel1, you never know! You________ a better impression than you think.
A. may have made
B. should have made
C. couldnt have made
D. needn't have made
2020年
【2020年新课标Ⅰ】 I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.
2．【2020·天津】Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .
A．must B．can C．need D．should
3．【2020·天津】You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.
A．must B．should C．mustn’t D．shouldn't
17. 【2020年江苏卷】If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am.
A. won’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. wouldn’t be D. shouldn’t have been
2019年
1.【2019年江苏卷】What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together.
A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had
2018年
1.【2018年北京卷】 In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.
A. need B. should C. can D. must
2. 【2018年北京卷】 They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.
A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven
3.【2018年江苏卷】 It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
A. would B. should C. could D. might
4. 【2018年江苏卷】There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become more involved.
A. had B. will have
C. would have had D. have had
5.【2018年天津卷】 I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.
A. should leave B. must have left
C. might leave D. could have left6.
【2018年天津卷】If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught C. have caught D. would catch
2017年
1. 【2017年北京卷】Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ___________ easily reach the books on the top shelf.
A. must B. should C. can D. need
2. 【2017年北京卷】If the new safety system ___________ to use, the accident would never have happened.
A. had been put B. were put
C. should be put D. would be put
3.【2017年江苏卷】 ____________ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it
4.【2017年天津卷】 My room is a mess, but I ___________ clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
A. daren’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
5. 【2017年天津卷】—Do you have Betty’s phone number
—Yes. Otherwise, I ___________ able to reach her yesterday.
A. hadn’t been B. wouldn’t have been C. weren’t D. wouldn’t be
2016年
1.【2016年新课标Ⅱ卷】We can chose between staying at home and take a trip.
2.【2016年新课标Ⅱ卷】. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.
3.【2016年浙江卷】 Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths _________ since their highest in 2005.
A. had not fallen B. would not fall C. did not fall D. would not have fallen
4. 【2016年浙江卷】George _________ too far. His coffee is still warm.
A. must have gone B. might have gone C. can’t have gone D. needn’t have gone
5. 【2016年天津卷】It was really annoying; I _____________ get access to the data bank you had recommended.
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
6. 【2016年北京卷】I love the weekend, because I ________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. wouldn’t D. shouldn’t
7. 【2016年北京卷】Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week If you ________ me, I could have helped.
A. told B. had told C. were to tell D. would tell
8. 【2016年江苏卷】If it _________ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
A. had not been B. should not be
C. were not to be D. should not have been
12.【2016年天津卷】 I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I _____________.
A. were injured B. would be injured
C. had been injured D. would have been injured
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题07 情态动词和虚拟语气
考点 十年考情（2016-2025） 命题趋势
考点 情态动词和虚拟语气 （10年24考） 推测用法（7次）：can/could/may/might + do/have done（2021天津卷C could drive） 许可/能力（4次）：can/could表许可（2020天津卷B can stay） 后悔/批评（3次）：should/shouldn't + have done（2020天津卷D shouldn't have scolded） 过去虚拟：if + had done, 主句 + would have done（2018北京卷D had driven） 错综时间：if + had done, 主句 + would do（2020江苏卷C wouldn't be） 特殊句式（4次）： wish + 过去时（2018江苏卷A had） It's strange that... should do（2018江苏卷B should have taken） 情态动词重点考查情态动词在语境中的推测功能（如 can 表客观可能、must 表肯定推测、could/may 表过去可能），以及情态动词 + have done 结构（对过去行为的推测或评价）。 注重情态动词表 “允许、义务、必要性” 的基本用法（如 can 表许可、needn't 表不必），结合被动语态的考查频率增加。 虚拟语气核心考点为 if 条件句的虚拟（对过去、现在、将来的虚拟），尤其侧重对过去的虚拟（had done+would have done）和错综时间虚拟句。 特殊句型中的虚拟语气（如 It's strange that...、wish 后宾语从句）考查频率稳定。
考点 情态动词和虚拟语气
2024年
【2024浙江1月卷】However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ____41____ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day.
【41题详解】
考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。
2022-2021年
1．【2021年天津卷第一次】It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere.
A．need B．should C．could D．must
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：以前你可能在这里开了几英里，都没见过别人，但现在到处都是房子和人。A. need 需要；B. should 应该，理应如此； C. could 可能，表示对客观可能性的推测；D. must 一定，必须。根据前半句意思可知，表示的是对客观可能性的推测。故选C。
2.【2021年天津卷第二次】 ---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted.
---Wel1, you never know! You________ a better impression than you think.
A. may have made
B. should have made
C. couldnt have made
D. needn't have made
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意：—老实说，我觉得我不会被录取。—唉，谁知道呢!你给人的印象可能比你想象的要好。A.may have made 可能；B.should have made本应该做；C.couldnt have made不可能做；D.needn't have made本不必做。根据句意可知，此处表示的是有可能，故选A。
2020年
1.【2020年新课标Ⅰ】 I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.
2.考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词作定语，故将frying改为fried。
3.考查情态动词用法。句意：并且我认为它一定很简单。must是情态动词，后接动词原形，to多余，故将to去掉。
2．【2020·天津】Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .
A．must B．can C．need D．should
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它干净整洁。A. must必须；B. can能，可以；C. need需要；D. should应该。根据后面的“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知，Jim许可我们待在他的房子里，即:我们”能，可以”待在他的房子里。故选B。
3．【2020·天津】You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.
A．must B．should C．mustn’t D．shouldn't
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词+ have done。句意：你本不应该因为他表现不好而责骂他。毕竟，他已经尽力了。根据前后句关系可知此处表示“本不该”是 shouldn't have done指做了本不该做的事，must have done表示对过去发生的事情的肯定性推测；should have done表示应当做某事而实际上未做；mustn’t不和have done连用。故选D。
17. 【2020年江苏卷】If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am.
A. won’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. wouldn’t be D. shouldn’t have been
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我没有面对那么多的障碍，我现在就不会在这里。分析句子成分可知，此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后where I am可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应使用would/could/might/should+do。故选C。
2019年
1.【2019年江苏卷】What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together.
A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had
31.C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。
2018年
1.【2018年北京卷】 In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.
A. need B. should C. can D. must
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要；should应该，竟然；must必须，肯定。
点睛：can的基本用法：1. (表示能力、功能)能，会；2. (表示推测)可能，可能会；3. （表示允许，请求）可以；4. （表示客观可能性）有时会。
2. 【2018年北京卷】 They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.
A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故D选项正确。
3.【2018年江苏卷】 It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
A. would B. should
C. could D. might
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。
4. 【2018年江苏卷】There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become more involved.
A. had B. will have
C. would have had D. have had
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。
5.【2018年天津卷】 I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.
A. should leave B. must have left
C. might leave D. could have left
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词表推测和虚拟语气。句意：我不能找到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落到超市了，但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词+ have done，再根据后句but I’m not sure.可知，此推测为不能肯定的推测，故用情态动词could，表示“可能”。故选D。
6. 【2018年天津卷】If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught
C. have caught D. would catch
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。故选A。
2017年
1. 【2017年北京卷】Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ___________ easily reach the books on the top shelf.
A. must B. should C. can D. need
【答案】C
【解析】A. must 必须；B. should应该；C. can能；D. need需要。句意：Samuel，我们班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书。此处需要一个表示能力的词，故用can，答案为C。
考点：考查情态动词
2. 【2017年北京卷】If the new safety system ___________ to use, the accident would never have happened.
A. had been put B. were put
C. should be put D. would be put
【答案】A
【解析】句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用had done形式，此外根据句意可知是被动，用被动语态，故A项是正确的。
3.【2017年江苏卷】 ____________ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it
【答案】22. B
【解析】考查虚拟语气的省略。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故选B。
考点：考查虚拟语气和倒装
4.【2017年天津卷】 My room is a mess, but I ___________ clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
A. daren’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以早晨打扫。A. 不敢；B. 不应该；C. 不需要；D. 禁止。根据句意，故选C。
考点：考查情态动词。
5. 【2017年天津卷】—Do you have Betty’s phone number
—Yes. Otherwise, I ___________ able to reach her yesterday.
A. hadn’t been B. wouldn’t have been C. weren’t D. wouldn’t be
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？——有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。此处otherwise(否则)相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，由yesterday可知本句对过去进行虚拟，由此可以判断出主句用wouldn’t have done，故选B。
2016年
1.【2016年新课标Ⅱ卷】We can chose between staying at home and take a trip.
【答案】第二处：chose→choose 考查句中结构。情态动词后接动词原形故要把chose改为choose。
2.【2016年新课标Ⅱ卷】. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.
【答案】8.去掉can或can→should 考查虚拟语气。动词suggest作建议讲时，后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气，即“(should+)动词原形”,所以本句可以去掉can或将can改为should。
3.【2016年浙江卷】 Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths _________ since their highest in 2005.
A. had not fallen B. would not fall C. did not fall D. would not have fallen
【答案】D
【解析】句意：如果政府和科学家不共同努力，与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会从2005年的最高点下降。使用虚拟语气，if条件句用的had done，而且省略if，将had提前，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟。故选D。
考点：考查虚拟语气。
4. 【2016年浙江卷】George _________ too far. His coffee is still warm.
A. must have gone B. might have gone C. can’t have gone D. needn’t have gone
【答案】C
【解析】乔治不可能走得太远。他的咖啡仍然是温的。can’t have done一定不可能做了某事；must have done过去一定做了某事；might have done过去可能做了某事；needn’t have done过去本不必做某事。故选C。
考点：考查情态动词+have done。
5. 【2016年天津卷】It was really annoying; I _____________ get access to the data bank you had recommended.
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
【答案】B
【解析】句意：这真是令人心烦；我不能进入你推荐的数据库。wouldn’t不愿意；couldn’t不能；shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不必。根据句意可知选B。
6. 【2016年北京卷】I love the weekend, because I ________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. wouldn’t D. shouldn’t
【答案】A
【解析】题目考查情态动词。句意：我喜欢周末，因为周六和周日我不需要早起。A. needn’t不需要；B. mustn’t禁止；C. wouldn’t不愿；D. shouldn’t不应该。根据句意可知，周六、周日不用早起，故选A。
7. 【2016年北京卷】Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week If you ________ me, I could have helped.
A. told B. had told C. were to tell D. would tell
【答案】B
【解析】题目考查虚拟语气。句意：你上周为什么没有告诉我你遇到的麻烦？如果你告诉我的话，我就可以帮你了。根据第一句可知，这里是对过去发生的事情进行虚拟，if条件句的时态应该用过去完成时，故选B。
8. 【2016年江苏卷】If it _________ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
A. had not been B. should not be
C. were not to be D. should not have been
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果不是因为前几天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。故A项正确。
12.【2016年天津卷】 I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I _____________.
A. were injured B. would be injured
C. had been injured D. would have been injured
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。此处使用虚拟语气，if条件句用了had done，由此可知，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，而且I和injure是被动关系，故选D。
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