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专题09 定语从句
考点 十年考情（2016-2025） 命题趋势
关系代词（which/that） （10年58考） 2025全国Ⅰ卷（which）、2025浙江卷（which）、 2024新课标Ⅰ卷（which/that）、2024浙江卷（that/which）、 2023全国乙卷（which/that）、2022新高考Ⅰ卷（that）、 2021浙江卷（that/which）、2019全国Ⅲ卷（who/that） 1.考查方向： 1）基础题（70%）：关系词的基本用法（尤其which/that/where）； 2）综合题（30%）：非限制性定语从句、关系词与介词搭配、whose的所有格结构。 2.难点突破： 1）区分关系代词与关系副词； 2)识别非限制性从句及which指代整句的用法。 3.备考建议： 1)强化关系词选择三步法：①确定先行词 ②分析从句成分 ③匹配关系词功能； 2) 重点训练长难句拆分能力。
关系副词（where/when） （10年32考） 2025全国Ⅱ卷（where）、2024新课标Ⅰ卷（where）、 2023全国甲卷（where）、2023北京卷（where）、 2020新课标Ⅰ卷（where）
非限制性定语从句 （10年45考） 2025全国Ⅰ卷（which）、2024新课标Ⅱ卷（who）、 2022全国甲卷（who）、2021天津卷（from which）、 2017新课标Ⅰ卷（which）
特殊关系词（whose/as） （10年17考） 2020新课标Ⅲ卷（whose）、2023全国甲卷（as）、 2016四川卷（whose→改错）
介词+关系代词 （10年15考） 2021天津卷（from which）、2022天津卷（for whom）、 2018天津卷（whose）、2015福建卷（which）
2025年
1.（2025年全国一卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ____56____ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文称为“围棋”），它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
2.（2025年全国二卷）I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, ____36____ bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and ____37central____ (center) heating doesn’t exist.
【答案where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang，China，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
4.（2025年北京卷） However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists ____18left ____ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ____19____ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. To reduce our impact, we can take simple steps: empty the fridge before heading out, and choose sustainable dining options.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。
5.（2025年1月浙江卷）Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, ____63____ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. “I really want to make this work for ____64____ (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean _____65_____ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：坦尼娅也在关注非正式服装，而不仅仅是特殊场合的礼服，她计划将这些服装打包成胶囊衣橱，提供给旅行者，比如那些前往国外参加婚礼的人，并提供更长期的租赁服务。“____ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes”是非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词less formal clothing，指物，关系词将其代入从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
2024年
1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Glasshouse stands ____63____ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ____64____ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the _____65_____ (rich) of gardening in England.
63.【答案】as
【解析】考查介词。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”根据句意可知，空处指的是“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。
64.【答案】which/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。
65.【答案】richness
【解析】考查名词。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处与glory并列，应用名词形式richness，作介词of的宾语。故填richness。
2.【2024全国甲卷】Yellowstone was the ____49____（large）United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _____50_____ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
【答案】largest
【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园，占地220万英亩，直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空前有the，为形容词最高级标志词，结合下文“1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积获得国家公园的荣誉”可知，用large的最高级largest作定语，故填largest。
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意同上。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。
3.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ___36___ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
36.【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。
4.【2024北京卷】Tinniswood, ___17___ doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you’re going to suffer eventually,” he said.
【17题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：Tinniswood不吸烟，也很少喝酒，他认为适量饮酒有助于他在长寿期间保持健康。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tinniswood，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。
5.【2024浙江1月卷】Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ____38____ will make them the most money.
【38题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
2023年
1.【2023年全国乙卷】But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____43____ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural ____44____ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.s
【43题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；根据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。
2.【2023年全国乙卷】The color she choose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color looked just perfect.
3.考查时态。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是定语从句的谓语动词，由上文Last Friday可知，应用一般过去时。故choose改为chose。
4.考查定语从句。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是woman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故that改为whose。
3.【2023年全国甲卷】“There was once a town in the heart of America, ___44___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___45___ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。
4.【2023年全国甲卷】Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ___43___ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”...
【43题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。
【2023年全国甲卷】“There was once a town in the heart of America, ___44___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___45___ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。
【2023年全国甲卷】 She even played some recordings of their singing, what was fun.
考查定语从句。句意：她甚至播放了一些它们唱歌的录音，这很有趣。此处非限制性定语从句修饰singing，从句缺少主语，指物，在故what改为which。
7.【2023年北京卷】Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ____18____ thousands were attending a water conference.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chicago，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
2022年
1.【2022新高考I卷】The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
答案：that
解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。
2【2022全国甲卷】On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
答案：who
解析：考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
3【2022年浙江1月】Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics __________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
答案：that/who
解析：考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。
【2022年北京卷】That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ____18____ are only good for one use.
18.考查定语从句。句意：这包括杯子、瓶子和袋子，其中大多数（东西）只有一种用途。分析可知，most of ______are only good for one use在句中为非限制性定语从句；先行词为cups, bottles, and bags，在从句中作介词of的宾语，所以此处用关系代词which。故填which。
5. 【2022年天津卷第二次】Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, ________ routes round a city or a site are often suggested.
A. for which B. with which
C. for whom D. with whom
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：旅游指南是为了给游客提供方便的，里面为游客建议了参观一个城市或景点的线路。分析句子成分可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词traveler；结合句意，路线是给游客提供、为了游客而给出的建议，故需要用介词for表示“给……”，先行词为人，故for后用whom。故选C项。
2021年
1.【2021.1 浙江卷】BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 2 gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
【答案】that 或 which
【解析】考查关系代词。句意：BMI是全球公认的表示体重是否处于健康状态的测量工具。分析句子结构可知gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.是BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool的定语从句，先行词为tool, 故答案为that/which。
2．【2021年天津卷第一次】William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them.
A．from which B．in which C．with whom D．for whom
【答案】A
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：威廉·哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习避免重复犯错。分析句子可知，past mistakes为现行词，_____ we can learn without repeating them.为定语从句，从句中谓语动词can learn可知，要从过去的错误中学习，learn from“从……中学习”，可知应用from which引导定语从句。故选A。
3. 【2021年天津卷第二次】In the spring, a season ________ we are 1earning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the natural world.
A. when B. where C. what D. which
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：春天是我们学习新的生活节奏的季节，许多人在大自然中找到了舒适感。此处a season是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，定语从句由关系副词when引导。故选A。
4.【2021.3 天津卷 】At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
A.where B.which C. that D. when
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意︰在中国艺术节上有不同的展台，在那里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并教给参观者。分析句子成分结构可知，stands作先行词，空格后的句子为定语从句来修饰stands ，从句中不缺主宾表，故选关系副词，先行词stands在从句中作地点状语，所以应用where。故选：A。
2020年
1.【2020年新课标Ⅰ】Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63. it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
63. 考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
2.【2020年新课标Ⅱ】Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy.
1.考查非限制性定语从句。句意：谢谢你的来信，你的信真正让我开心。分析句子，逗号后的从句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词your letter，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故将what改为which.
3.【2020年新课标Ⅲ】In ancient China lived an artist61. paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud.
61. 考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
4.【2020年新课标Ⅲ】But he insists on us eating healthy food. Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.
【答案】
第九处：考查代词。句意：但是她坚持让我们吃健康的食物。文中指“我的妈妈”，是女性，所以he改成she。
第十处：考查定语从句。句意：出于对妈妈好意的理解，我满怀感激地吃着妈妈提供的所有食物。这里含有一个定语从句，先行词是all the food，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，可用that或which，先行词被all所修饰，只能使用that，不能使用which，且what不能引导定语从句，所以what改成that。
5.【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷（山东卷）】 The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38. (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39. opened in 1759.
38. 考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯 斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。
39. 考查定语从句。句意:例如，汉斯 斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the British Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
6.【2020年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷(海南卷)】The Digital World is a set of volumes____40____aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts.
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：《数字世界》是一套旨在描述数字系统如何影响社会并帮助读者理解数字系统的本质及其众多交互部分的丛书。句中先行词为volumes，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填that/which。
7. 【2020年天津卷第一次】Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990 s, ____________he gave it to his grandson.
A. which B. when C. where D. who
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：史密斯先生一直拥有这幅油画，直到20世纪90年代初，他把它送给了孙子。句中包含定语从句，先行词是the early 1990 s，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。故选B。
8.【2020年江苏卷】 Many lessons are now available online, from _____ students can choose for free.
A. whose B. which C. when D. whom
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。故选B
2019年
1.【2019年全国卷 Ⅰ】One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
第二处：【解析】考查定语从句。先行词one afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用when。故将where改为when。
2.【2019年全国卷Ⅱ】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。
3.【2019年全国卷III】They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals.
64.who【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
4.【2019年全国卷III】 In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them.
第六处：【解析】考查代词的用法。customers是句子的主语，故把 yourselves改为 themselves。
第七处：【解析】考查定语从句。先行词environment 在从句中做主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故 把what改为that/which。
5.【2019年北京卷】The students benefitting most from college are those ___9___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life. taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源).
9.考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。___3___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who或that。
6.【2019年浙江卷6月】Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways, A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark.
58. that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
7..【2019年江苏卷】We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
A. which B. what C. when D. that
21.C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。 故选C。
8.【2019年天津卷】Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
A. why B. where
C. which D. what
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选B。
2018年
1.【2018年全国Ⅰ卷】 They also had a small pond which they raised fish.
6.which改成in which或where 考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a small pond是先行词，其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用in which或where。
2.【2018年全国Ⅱ卷】 The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___68___ (start) a soil-testing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
3.【2018年全国Ⅱ卷】Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___
68. 考查谓语动词。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，故用过去时。故填started。
69. 考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。
4.【2018年浙江卷6月】Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58 can be to eat out.
57. who/that 【解析】考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。
58. it 【解析】考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主语，用it 是形式主语。故填i。
5.【2017年新课标Ⅰ卷】Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.
70. which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。分析可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整句话。
6.【2018年天津卷】 Kae, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
A. whom B. that C. whose D. her
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。故选C。
2017年
1.【2017年新课标Ⅱ卷】 In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.
第三处：interesting改为interested：考查形容词，由于此句的主语是人，而interesting的主语是物，故将interesting改为interested。
第四处：that改为which:考查非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句需要用which引导，故将that改为which。
2.【2017年新课标Ⅲ卷】
But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 66 (educate).
64. who 考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为Sarah，指人，要用who。
65. to prove 考查非谓语动词。want to do sth.想要做某事。
66. education 考查词形转换。形容词性物主代词后面应该接名词形式。
3.【2017年新课标Ⅲ卷】 Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.
第六处：在picture前加the/ this 考查限定词的用法。单数可数名词前应该有限定词，根据句意可知在picture前加the或者this。
第七处：they→that/which 考查定语从句。they不能引导定语从句，先行词为things，定语从句中缺少主语，所以把they改为that或者which。
4.【2017年浙江卷】Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 　63　(sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 　64　it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.
63. swept 【解析】考查动词。ring与sweep之间是被动关系，要用被动语态。故填swept。
64. where 【解析】考查连接词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，定语从句中缺少地点状语，先行词为the garden，表示地点，故填关系副词where。
5.【2017年北京卷】The little problems ___________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
A. that B. as C. where D. when
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。______ we meet in our daily lives是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是problems，用that。
6.【2017年江苏卷】 In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ____________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
A. which B. its C. whose D. whom
【答案】28. C
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是＂the World Food Programme＂，＂世界粮食项目＂的目的之一是……，whose在定语从句中作定语，这里限定purposes，故选C。
7. 【2017年天津卷】My eldest son, ___________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
A. that B. whose C. his D. who
【答案】B
【解析】本句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是My eldest son, 根据句意和空后名词确定引导词在从句中作定语，选项中只有whose修饰名词作定语。故选B。
2016年
1.【2016年新课标Ⅰ卷】 But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
64. to 考查介词。go back to ＂回到＂。
65. when考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，缺少状语，先行词是时间故填when。
66. permitted 考查过去分词。被修饰名词和permit之间是被动关系，用过去分词。
2.【2016年新课标Ⅰ卷】Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area. ...
Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking.
72. but去掉 Though不和but连用，故去掉。
75. or→ and 从句意判断是并列关系，把or改为and。
76. using →used 此处表示被动含义，be used for＂被用来去做＂。
3.【2016年新课标Ⅲ卷】 Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 67 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 68 (develop) of chopsticks.
67.who
【解析】考查定语从句。句中有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius(孔子)，定语从句中缺少主语，且指人，故填who。
68.development
【解析】考查名词。the＋名词＋of…意为＂……的……＂，这里指＂筷子的发展＂，故填development。
4.【2016年四川卷】The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favoritiest.
第八处：what→that/which(或去掉what) 此处考查引导定语从句的关系代词。句意：我做的菜是妈妈最喜欢的。The dishes 作先行词，指物，定语从句缺少引导词，从句缺少宾语，可知引导词在定语从句中作宾语，故把what改为that/which(或去掉what)。
5. 【2016年天津卷】We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _____________ the weather may be better.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。使用定语从句，先行词是next week，定语从句中不缺少主、宾、表，缺少时间状语。故选D。
6. 【2016年北京卷】I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.
A. whose B. why C. where D. which
【答案】A
【解析】题目考查定语从句的关系词。a couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所属关系，故用whose作定语，whose children相当于the children of whom，故选A。
7.【2016年江苏卷】Many young people, most _________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
A. of which B. of them C. of whom D. of those
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析：考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many young people，关系代词whom指代先行词，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语。故C项正确。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题09 定语从句
考点 十年考情（2016-2025） 命题趋势
关系代词（which/that） （10年58考） 2025全国Ⅰ卷（which）、2025浙江卷（which）、 2024新课标Ⅰ卷（which/that）、2024浙江卷（that/which）、 2023全国乙卷（which/that）、2022新高考Ⅰ卷（that）、 2021浙江卷（that/which）、2019全国Ⅲ卷（who/that） 1.考查方向： 1）基础题（70%）：关系词的基本用法（尤其which/that/where）； 2）综合题（30%）：非限制性定语从句、关系词与介词搭配、whose的所有格结构。 2.难点突破： 1）区分关系代词与关系副词； 2)识别非限制性从句及which指代整句的用法。 3.备考建议： 1)强化关系词选择三步法：①确定先行词 ②分析从句成分 ③匹配关系词功能； 2) 重点训练长难句拆分能力。
关系副词（where/when） （10年32考） 2025全国Ⅱ卷（where）、2024新课标Ⅰ卷（where）、 2023全国甲卷（where）、2023北京卷（where）、 2020新课标Ⅰ卷（where）
非限制性定语从句 （10年45考） 2025全国Ⅰ卷（which）、2024新课标Ⅱ卷（who）、 2022全国甲卷（who）、2021天津卷（from which）、 2017新课标Ⅰ卷（which）
特殊关系词（whose/as） （10年17考） 2020新课标Ⅲ卷（whose）、2023全国甲卷（as）、 2016四川卷（whose→改错）
介词+关系代词 （10年15考） 2021天津卷（from which）、2022天津卷（for whom）、 2018天津卷（whose）、2015福建卷（which）
2025年
1.（2025年全国一卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ____56____ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
2.（2025年全国二卷）I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, ____36____ bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and ____37central____ (center) heating doesn’t exist.
4.（2025年北京卷） However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists ____18left ____ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ____19____ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. To reduce our impact, we can take simple steps: empty the fridge before heading out, and choose sustainable dining options.
5.（2025年1月浙江卷）Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, ____63____ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. “I really want to make this work for ____64____ (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean _____65_____ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
2024年
1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Glasshouse stands ____63____ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ____64____ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the _____65_____ (rich) of gardening in England.
2.【2024全国甲卷】Yellowstone was the ____49____（large）United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _____50_____ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
3.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ___36___ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
4.【2024北京卷】Tinniswood, ___17___ doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you’re going to suffer eventually,” he said.
5.【2024浙江1月卷】Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ____38____ will make them the most money.
2023年
1.【2023年全国乙卷】But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____43____ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural ____44____ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.s
2.【2023年全国乙卷】The color she choose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color looked just perfect.
3.【2023年全国甲卷】“There was once a town in the heart of America, ___44___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___45___ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
4.【2023年全国甲卷】Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ___43___ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”...
【2023年全国甲卷】“There was once a town in the heart of America, ___44___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___45___ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
【2023年全国甲卷】 She even played some recordings of their singing, what was fun.
7.【2023年北京卷】Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ____18____ thousands were attending a water conference.
2022年
1.【2022新高考I卷】The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
2【2022全国甲卷】On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
3【2022年浙江1月】Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics __________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
【2022年北京卷】That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ____18____ are only good for one use.
5. 【2022年天津卷第二次】Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, ________ routes round a city or a site are often suggested.
A. for which B. with which
C. for whom D. with whom
2021年
1.【2021.1 浙江卷】BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 2 gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
2．【2021年天津卷第一次】William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them.
A．from which B．in which C．with whom D．for whom
3. 【2021年天津卷第二次】In the spring, a season ________ we are 1earning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the natural world.
A. when B. where C. what D. which
4.【2021.3 天津卷 】At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
A.where B.which C. that D. when
2020年
【2020年新课标Ⅰ】Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63. it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
2.【2020年新课标Ⅱ】Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy.
3.【2020年新课标Ⅲ】In ancient China lived an artist61. paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud.
4.【2020年新课标Ⅲ】But he insists on us eating healthy food. Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.
5.【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷（山东卷）】 The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38. (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39. opened in 1759.
6.【2020年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷(海南卷)】The Digital World is a set of volumes____40____aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts.
7. 【2020年天津卷第一次】Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990 s, ____________he gave it to his grandson.
A. which B. when C. where D. who
8.【2020年江苏卷】 Many lessons are now available online, from _____ students can choose for free.
A. whose B. which C. when D. whom
2019年
1.【2019年全国卷 Ⅰ】One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
2.【2019年全国卷Ⅱ】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have
3.【2019年全国卷III】They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals.
4.【2019年全国卷III】 In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them.
5.【2019年北京卷】The students benefitting most from college are those ___9___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life. taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源).
6.【2019年浙江卷6月】Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways, A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark.
7..【2019年江苏卷】We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
A. which B. what C. when D. that
8.【2019年天津卷】Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
A. why B. where
C. which D. what
2018年
1.【2018年全国Ⅰ卷】 They also had a small pond which they raised fish.
2.【2018年全国Ⅱ卷】 The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___68___ (start) a soil-testing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
3.【2018年全国Ⅱ卷】Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___4.【2018年浙江卷6月】Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58 can be to eat out.
5.【2017年新课标Ⅰ卷】Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.
6.【2018年天津卷】 Kae, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
A. whom B. that C. whose D. her
2017年
1.【2017年新课标Ⅱ卷】 In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.
2.【2017年新课标Ⅲ卷】But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 66 (educate).
3.【2017年新课标Ⅲ卷】 Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.
4.【2017年浙江卷】Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 　63　(sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 　64　it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.
5.【2017年北京卷】The little problems ___________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
A. that B. as C. where D. when
6.【2017年江苏卷】 In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ____________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
A. which B. its C. whose D. whom
7. 【2017年天津卷】My eldest son, ___________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
A. that B. whose C. his D. who
2016年
【2016年新课标Ⅰ卷】 But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
2.【2016年新课标Ⅰ卷】Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area. ...
Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking.
3.【2016年新课标Ⅲ卷】 Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 67 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 68 (develop) of chopsticks.
4.【2016年四川卷】The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favoritiest.
5. 【2016年天津卷】We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _____________ the weather may be better.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
6. 【2016年北京卷】I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.
A. whose B. why C. where D. which
7.【2016年江苏卷】Many young people, most _________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
A. of which B. of them C. of whom D. of those
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