资源简介

(共30张PPT)
UNIT 5　Learning from nature
(单元主题语境：人与自然——人类向自然界学习)
Section Ⅱ　Using language
非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
[观察]
1．It is natural to think in this way，but of course it wasn't the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.
2．People whose interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore's ArtScience Museum.
3．Harare's Eastgate Centre is a superb example of biomimicry.To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes.
4．Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
[探究]
1．句1中动词不定式和句3中To use biomimicry作______；句4中动词-ing形式作______。
2．句2中动词-ing形式作______；句3中to create structures作______。
动词不定式和动词-ing形式可以在句中作什么成分？
_________________________
主语
主语
表语
表语
主语、表语、宾语等。
非谓语动词是指在句子中不作谓语的动词，包括动词不定式、动词-ing 形式和动词-ed形式。非谓语动词除了不能作句子的谓语外，可以承担句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。
一、非谓语动词的形式
二、非谓语动词的句法功能
三、非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语的用法
(一)非谓语动词作主语
[感知]
1．To climb the mountain is hard work but to go down the mountain is great fun.
上山很艰难，下山却很好玩。
2．(2024·新课标 Ⅱ 卷)Edmondson said，“It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed.”
Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”
3．Knowing basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
掌握基本的急救技能将帮助你迅速应对紧急情况。
4．It is no use complaining without taking action.
只是抱怨而不采取行动是没有用的。
[探究]
主语
主语
主语
[归纳]
1．动词不定式作主语一般表示具体某一次的动作。常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式结构)放在句末，以使句子保持平衡。
2．动词-ing形式作主语常表示抽象的、泛指的概念，也可用it作形式主语，将真正的主语(动词-ing形式)放在句末。常用的固定句型：
①It's a waste of time doing sth.
②It's no use/good doing sth.
③It is useless doing sth.
[即练]
单句填空
1．It is no use ______________(keep) silent about such a matter.
2．A new study says that ______________(stay) in the cold can help us lose weight.
3．________________________(surround) by beautiful green mountains makes the village a famous tourist attraction.
4．It's never foolish _______________________(acknowledge) you are wrong.As humans，we all need the art of apology.
keeping
staying
Being surrounded
to acknowledge
(二)非谓语动词作宾语
[感知]
1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference.
我原计划乘飞机去维也纳，然后转乘公共汽车去布拉格参加一场会议。
2．We arranged to meet at the station but she didn't turn up.
我们商量好在车站见面，可是她没有露面。
3．She admitted having read the letter.
她承认读过这封信。
4．We don't allow smoking on this plane.
我们不允许在这架飞机上抽烟。
5．I appreciate being given this opportunity.
非常感激能有这个机会。
6．I'll try to catch up with my classmates this term.
这一学期我将尽力赶上我的同学们。
7．I try reading the text without consulting my dictionary.
我试着不查词典来阅读课文。
[归纳]
1．有些动词后面只能接动词不定式作宾语。例如：
决心学会想希望(decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope)，
拒绝设法愿假装(refuse，manage，wish，pretend)。
主动答应选计划(offer，promise，choose，plan)，
同意请求帮一帮(agree，ask/beg，help)。
此外，afford、strive、happen、wait、threaten等后也要用动词不定式作宾语。
2．有些动词和动词短语后面只能接动词-ing形式作宾语。例如：
考虑建议盼原谅(consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon)，
承认推迟没得想(admit，delay/put off，fancy)。
避免错过继续练(avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practice)，
否认完成就欣赏(deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate)。
禁止想象才冒险(forbid，imagine，risk)，
不禁介意准逃亡(can't help，mind，allow/permit，escape)。
①当like、love、hate、prefer与would或should连用时，其后只能接动词不定式。
I'd love to have a word with you.
我想和你说句话。
②当begin和start本身为进行时态或后接know、realize、understand等静态动词时，其后的动词只能用动词不定式。
He soon began to realize that he was wrong.
他很快开始意识到自己错了。
③表示“需要”的need、want和require后接动词-ing形式的主动形式或动词不定式的被动式都可以。
Your hair needs cutting/to be cut.
你的头发该理了。
④介词后接动词作宾语，通常用动词-ing形式。但表示“除……外”的介词but和except后接动词作宾语时要用动词不定式，若前面有行为动词do，其后的动词不定式不带to；若前面没有行为动词do，则其后的动词不定式通常带to。
It had no effect except to make him angry.
除了使他生气外，没有产生任何作用。
There's little we can do except wait.
除了等待，我们什么也做不了。
[即练]
单句填空
1．(2022·新高考 Ⅰ 卷)That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided _____________(join) the cross-country team.
2．Please remember _____________(give) me a phone call when you get there.
3．Adam forgot ____________________________(make) an appointment with me yesterday.I waited him the whole afternoon.
4．He appreciated _____________________(give) a chance to make a presentation in the annual seminar on Comparative Literature.
to join
to give
having made/making
being given
(三)非谓语动词作表语
[感知]
1．His wish is to be a doctor in the future.
他的愿望是将来当一名医生。
2．My job is to clean the rooms every day.
我的工作是每天打扫房间。
3．Our job is playing all kinds of music.
我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。
4．Studying abroad is both challenging and rewarding.
出国留学既有挑战性又有收获。
5．This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that we shouldn't get discouraged right after failures.
温斯顿·丘吉尔的这句名言告诉我们，失败后我们不应该气馁。
[探究]
未来
主语
惯常
形容词
[归纳]
1．动词不定式作表语常用来表示将要发生的动作，也可用来表示未来的可能性和假设；但当动词不定式所作的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时，这时的动词不定式只作单纯的表语，而不具有未来的含义。
2．动词-ing形式作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常性的行为。动词-ing形式作表语还可以用于说明主语的性质、特征等。如果是和情绪相关的动词-ing形式，则形容词意义较强，表示“令人……的”，往往是物作主语。如amazing、boring、confusing、disappointing、exciting、frightening等。
3．过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或主语的感受，这时过去分词可以看作一个形容词，是形容词化的过去分词。常见的有seated、surprised、astonished、amazed、moved、exhausted、worried、devoted、pleased、inspired、encouraged、excited、delighted、satisfied、scared、frightened、disappointed 等。
动词不定式和动词-ed形式也可作表语，但动词不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作，动词-ed形式则表示被动、完成含义。
[即练]
单句填空
1．He was __________________(discourage) when he heard his mother's words.
2．What am I ___________(say) if they ask me the question
3．The next step is ____________(make) sure that you know exactly what is required.
4．It is really ________________(excite) because I feel like I am a real designer.
discouraged
to say
to make
exciting
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．________________(learn) from and mimicking the strategies used by species alive today is what biomimicry is about.Its goal is 2.____________ (create) products，processes，and systems—new ways of living—that solve human design challenges and find hope.For example，our planet is stressed.Many are losing hope for 3.______________(solve) the climate crisis and its many negative effects on ecosystems across the world.Biomimicry gives us hope.Current sustainable design is meant for restoring air，water，
Learning
to create
solving
and soil instead of 4.___________(degrade) it.We don't need 5.____________
(reinvent) the strategies that are already here.We just need to learn how to adapt to them.So to value nature for what we can learn，not what we can extract，harvest，or domesticate is 6._____________ (learn) about ourselves，our purpose，and our connection to each other and our home on Earth.
degrading
to reinvent
to learn

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