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(共57张PPT)
UNIT 5　Learning from nature
(单元主题语境：人与自然——人类向自然界学习)
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1．__________ n．莲花，荷花
2．__________ n．白蚁
3．__________ n．土堆，土丘
4．__________ n．藻类(植物)
5．________ n．瓦片
6．__________ v．模仿
lotus
termite
mound
algae
tile
mimic
7．______________ n．滨水地区
8．____________ n．滨海步行道
9．____________ n．管道系统
10．___________ n．二氧化物
waterfront
promenade
plumbing
dioxide
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．_____________ n．建筑师→architecture n．建筑学；建筑风格；建筑设计
2．____________ adj.极好的，出色的→superbly adv.庄重地；极好地
3．______________ v．使转变；使转换→conversion n．转变；转换
4．front n．前面；正面；前线 adj.前面的，前部的；正面的→ ___________ n．(学科的)知识前沿
architect
superb
convert
frontier
形容词加后缀-ly可转化为副词。
superb→superbly　extreme→extremely
definite→definitely　glorious→gloriously
Ⅲ.短语互译
1．认为……理所当然 _____________________
2．坚持；继续做 _______________
3．把……转换成…… _____________________
4．对……作出反应 _________________
5．与……协调一致；与……和睦相处 ____________________
take ...for granted
stick with
convert ...into ...
respond to ...
in harmony with ...
6．regard ...as ... _________________
7．associate ...with ... _______________________
8．be based on _______________
9．meet the need of ___________________
10．look like ____________________________
把……视为……
把……与……联系起来
以……为根据
满足……的需求
看起来(与某人或某物)像
Ⅳ.重点句式
1．句型：make＋宾语＋宾语补足语
教材原句：Today，architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms，to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building.
翻译：_______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________
如今，建筑师不断探寻捕捉自然形态之美的方法，模仿自然
运行的方式，甚至让自然生物融为建筑的一部分。
2．句型：not only ...but also ...
教材原句：The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy，but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy.
翻译：________________________________________________________ ____________________________________
因此，该建筑不仅能够适应环境，减少能耗，而且可以通过
自产可再生能源减少对环境的破坏。
3．句型：状语从句的省略
教材原句：To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge，but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.
翻译：______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
在保护明日世界的同时满足今天的需求可能是一个挑战，但
即使是最简单的生物也能帮忙，教我们如何实现目标。
熟读精思·研读文本精华
Ⅰ.原文释译
Nature in Architecture
Trees，plants and flowers are all around us and we enjoy their beauty every day.In fact， we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted① without realising how much inspiration they have given us．When we look at a pine cone②，we might think how much it looks like the tiles on a roof.An open flower might make us think how closely it resembles③ an umbrella. It is natural to think in this way，but of course it wasn't the umbrella that inspired④ the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.
[标题赏析]本文标题的字面意思是“建筑中的自然元素”，作者紧抓标题中的两个关键词Nature和Architecture，形象地表达了主题。
本句为主从复合句，其中包含一个“so ...that ...”句式，表示“如此……以至于……”；that从句中的“how much ...given us”作realising的宾语。
本句是由but连接的并列句。第一个分句为“It is＋adj.＋to do sth.”句型，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语；第二个分句是强调句型的否定形式，强调the umbrella和the roof。
Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us，including those in architecture.From Barcelona's forest-like⑤ Sagrada Familia to the modern style of Beijing's Water Cube，nature is presented in various architectural designs.Today，architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms，to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building.
ArtScience Museum，Singapore
People whose interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore's ArtScience Museum.The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits⑥.Shaped⑦ to resemble a lotus flower，it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.Its roof collects rainwater and channels⑧ it 35 metres down to a waterfall in the centre of the space.The water is then recycled⑨ through the building's plumbing system.Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
The Eastgate Centre，Harare
Harare's Eastgate Centre is a superb example of⑩ biomimicry.To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes. Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre while watching a nature documentary in which termites were constructing their nests． The insects built mounds covered in little holes designed to allow air to move freely in and out of the mounds.In a similar way，the Eastgate Centre has a “skin”covered in holes.During the day，warm air is drawn into the building through the holes，cooling as it reaches the middle of the building.At
night，the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air，creating a comfortable temperature inside.The design reduces the need for traditional air conditioning and heating systems，so the building uses less energy and costs less to run .
此处是while引导的时间状语从句的省略，完整句子为“while he was watching ...nests”。in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a nature documentary。
本句为简单句。covered in little holes和“designed to ...the mounds”是两个过去分词短语作后置定语，分别修饰 mounds和holes，构成过去分词的两个动词与被修饰词之间均为逻辑上的动宾关系。
The Algae House，Hamburg
The world's first algae-powered building is in Hamburg，Germany.The surface of the apartment building is covered in panels that contain algae.The algae are fed with liquid nutrients and carbon dioxide to encourage them to grow.In bright sunshine，they grow faster and provide shade.The panels also capture heat from the sun and convert it into energy that powers the building.And that's not all—the algae inside the panels can be harvested and used to produce fuel.The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy，but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy.
Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge ，but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.
◆难词注解
①take ...for granted认为……理所当然
take it for granted that ...想当然地认为……
②pine cone松果，松球
③resemble v．像；与……类似
④inspire vt.(常用于被动语态)赋予灵感；引起联想；启发思考
⑤forest-like adj.森林般的
[构词法]-like是形容词后缀，表示“类似……的；有……特征的”，用于名词后构成形容词。
⑥sit vi.使坐落在；给……选址
⑦shape vt.使成为……形状(或样子)；塑造
⑧channel vt.(经过通道)输送，传送(水、光等)
⑨recycle vt.回收利用；再利用
⑩a superb example of ...……的极好的范例
superb adj.极好的，出色的
example n．[C]典型；范例
construct vt.建筑；修建；建造
construction n．[U]建筑；建造；施工
under construction在建设中
air conditioning n．[U]空气调节系统
air conditioner n．[C]空调机；空调设备
run vi.& vt.(使)运转，运行
feed ...with ...给……供应/供给……
feed vt.供给，供应
carbon dioxide二氧化碳
convert ...into/to ...把……转变为……
convert vt.& vi.使转变；使转换
power vt.驱动，推动
harvest vt.& vi.收割(庄稼)；捕猎(动物、鱼)
n.[C，U]收获季节，收割，收获；[C]收成，收获量
respond to对……作出反应
generate vt.产生；引起
generate electricity/heat/power发电/产生热量/产生动力
generate income/profit产生收益/利润
meet the needs of ...满足……的需求
challenge n．[C]挑战；艰巨任务
Ⅱ.文本理解
主旨大意
The text is mainly about ________________________．
nature in architecture
文章架构
细节探究
1．Why don't we feel the inspiration from nature？(　　)
A.Because it is around us.
B.Because we are not close to it.
C.Because we are accustomed to it.
D.Because we tend to ignore its importance.
2．What can you find in the structure of Sagrada Familia？ (　　)
A.The way nature works.
B.The beauty of nature forms.
C.Natural organisms.
D.The greatness of nature.
3．How did Mick Pearce create the design of the Eastgate Centre of Harare？ (　　)
A.By watching how termites were building their nests.
B.By turning to superb architects for help.
C.By imitating the design of ArtScience Museum.
D.By working hard day and night.
4．What's the advantage of the Algae House in Hamburg？ (　　)
A.It is in harmony with its environment.
B.It produces its own renewable energy.
C.It doesn't need any energy.
D.It is protected from the sunlight by panels.
5．What can we conclude from the text？ (　　)
A.Nature is influenced by human architecture.
B.Nature can be our teacher.
C.Nature is full of mysteries.
D.Humans should protect nature.
答案：1～5 CBABB
课文语法填空
We are so accustomed to the beauty of nature that we can't realise how much 1.________________(inspire) it has given us.For instance，it's natural to think an open flower 2.______________(resemble) an umbrella but actually，it isn't the umbrella 3.________ inspires the flower.
inspiration
resembles
that
Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us，those in architecture included.People 4.__________ interest is exploring the relationship 5.______________ art and science will enjoy Singapore's ArtScience Museum.It 6._________________(shape) to resemble a lotus flower whose roof collects rainwater and then recycles it through the plumbing system.7.________________ (watch) a nature documentary in which termites were constructing 8.__________ (they)nests inspired Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce to create the Eastgate Centre.The building uses 9.___________(little) energy and costs less to run.In
whose
between
is shaped
Watching
their
less
Hamburg，the Algae House's surface is covered in panels containing algae，which capture heat from the sun，and provide energy to power the building.Thus，the building not only uses less energy but also reduces damage to the environment.
10．_____________(live) in harmony with nature，we had better learn from nature.
To live
Ⅲ.教材熟词生义/一词多义
frontier
①The village is a remote frontier settlement. ____________
②The frontier between Austria and Hungary is well-guarded. ______
③Scientists are striving to advance the frontiers of science.
______________________________
边远地区
边界
(尤指知识的)前沿，尖端
Ⅳ.教材续写积累
自然环境描写——花草树木
When we look at a pine cone，we might think how much it looks like the tiles on a roof.An open flower might make us think how closely it resembles an umbrella.
[仿写]完成句子
①大树就像一个巨人，耸立在山顶。
_____________________________，standing on the top of the mountain.
②这座建筑建在群山之中，四周花木环绕，看上去宛如仙境。
The structure is built in the mountains，______________________________ ____________________________．
The tree was like a giant
surrounded by trees and flowers，
and looks like a fairyland
互动探究·精研核心知识
[要点突破]
①take it for granted that ...想当然地认为……
granting that ...＝granted that ...假定……，即使……
②take ...seriously认真对待……
take your time慢慢来
take it easy放松；休息
[写作佳句]
You should not take it for granted that you can do the work perfectly.Take it seriously and make enough preparations.
不要想当然地认为你能把工作做得很完美。认真对待，并做好充分准备。
[学以致用]
单句填空/完成句子
①They now have their own opinions；you can't take ____ for granted that they'll listen to you.
②_____________________(grant)that this is true，what conclusion can you reach
③She often told me not to take things for ______________(grant).
④辛苦工作一天后，坐下来放松一下是件好事。
It's nice to sit down and _______________ after a hard day's work.
it
Granted/Granting
granted
take it easy
[要点突破]
①look superb看上去棒极了
a superb performance出色的演出
a superb dinner一顿丰盛的晚餐
②superbly adv.庄重地；极好地
[写作佳句]
The sports facilities are superb.
运动设施是一流的。
[学以致用]
单句填空/完成句子
①He performed ________________(superb) in the test.
②他医术高超，在紧急情况下几乎无人能及。
His medical skill ______________________ almost no one can match him in emergency situations.
③辛迪观察到，最好的医院不仅仅有一流的医生，组织也十分完善。
Cindy observed that the best hospitals did not just have _____________．
They were also _______________________．
superbly
is so superb that
superb doctors
superbly organised
[写作佳句]
A poet is one who can convert ordinary words into a meaningful and effective piece of writing.
诗人是能够用普通的文字写出寓意深刻、感人至深的作品的人。
[学以致用]
单句填空/完成句子
①Modernization has converted the country ________ a primitive society __________ a near-industrial one.
②At what rate does the dollar convert ________ pounds
③所有形式的能量都转化为热能。
All forms of energy __________________________．
from
to/into
into
are converted into heat
[要点突破]
①respond that ...回答说……
②response n．回答；响应；反应
in response to作为对……的反应/答复
make (no) response to对……(没)作出反应/回答
[写作佳句]
The teacher responded affirmatively to the question that the student had put forward.
老师对那个学生提出的问题作了肯定的回答。
[学以致用]
单句填空/一句多译
①Did Mother's leg respond ____ treatment
②The product was developed in ________________(respond) to customers' demand.
③她收到我的信息，给我回了个电话。
→She _____________________________ with a phone call. (respond)
→She ________________________________ with a phone call. (response)
to
response
responded to my message
made a response to my message
[情境探究]
①The bad news made us more anxious for the matter.
这个坏消息使我们对这件事更加担忧。
②His joke made us laugh our heads off.
他讲的笑话使我们捧腹大笑。
③She sat him up and made him comfortable.
她帮他坐起身来，好让他舒服一些。
[要点突破]
①“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、不定式等来充当，一般不用现在分词充当宾语补足语；职务名词充当宾语补足语时，其前面不用加冠词。
②当不定式短语或从句等作宾语时，多用it作形式宾语，主要句型有：
make＋it＋adj./n.＋(for sb.) to do sth.
make＋it＋adj./n.＋that从句
③常用于这种句型的动词还有think、consider、find、feel等。
[学以致用]
单句填空/完成句子
①The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult _________ (tell) one from the other.
②We thought _______ no use explaining to him what had happened here because he didn't care.
to tell
it
③专家们认为，这种不间断的交流使英国人和美国人彼此理解起来更加容易。
This non-stop communication，the experts think，has __________________ __________________________________________ each other.
made it easier for
British people and Americans to understand

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