资源简介

【核心素养】八年级英语下册外研版（2024）阅读提升训练
Unit 5 Looking into nature
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
容易篇：Level 1 基础入门【5篇】
基础篇：Level 2 巩固强化【5篇】
提升篇：Level 3 拓展培优【5篇】
容易篇：Level 1 基础入门【5篇】
一、阅读理解
In 2006, scientists changed the number of planets in our solar system from nine to eight. This was because Pluto didn’t meet all the rules for a true planet:
1. It must move around the sun.
2. It must be round (or nearly round).
3. It must clear things in its way.
Pluto failed the third rule, so it was decided that it doesn’t belong to the list of true planets. Now, the model of the solar system only has eight planets.
This change teaches us that our understanding of nature can change over time. New discoveries can prove that old beliefs are wrong.
1．How many true planets are in our solar system now
A．7. B．8. C．9. D．10.
2．Why was Pluto removed from the list of true planets
A．It was too small.
B．It didn’t move around the sun.
C．It didn’t clear things in its way.
D．It was not round.
3．What does this change teach us
A．Our understanding of nature can change over time.
B．Pluto is not a real object in space.
C．Scientists always make mistakes.
D．The solar system will never change again.
4．Which of the following is NOT a rule for a true planet
A．It must move around the sun.
B．It must be very large.
C．It must be round (or nearly round).
D．It must clear things in its way.
The Yellow River, known as China’s “Mother River”,is over 5,400 kilometres starting from the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau to the Bohai Sea. It gets its name from the yellow mud (泥土) it carries from the Loess Plateau (黄土高原). This rich mud is perfect for farming.
For many years, Chinese farmers grew crops like rice and wheat (小麦) along its banks. Early Chinese emperors even built their capitals near the river. That’s why it’s called the “cradle of Chinese civilisation (中华文明的摇篮)”．
But the Yellow River is also called “China’s Big Problem”. Why Its floods once destroyed villages and crops. That was the biggest challenge for ancient people. To control the river, ancient people built walls along its sides. Later, modern dams (大坝) like the Xiaolangdi Dam helped stop floods.
Today, the river faces new challenges: pollution and water shortage (短缺). Millions of people need its water to drink and farm. Taking good care of this river is key to China’s future.
5．Where does the Yellow River start
A．The Bohai Sea. B．The Loess Plateau. C．The Qinghai -Tibet Plateau. D．The Qinghai Lake.
6．Why is the Yellow River called the “cradle of Chinese civilisation”？
A．Because it helped build factories. B．Because early Chinese emperors built their capitals near it.
C．Because it provides water for crops. D．Because people can go swimming in it.
7．Which is TRUE about the Xiaolangdi Dam
A．People in modern times built it to help stop floods. B．Ancient people built it to grow crops.
C．It once destroyed villages and crops. D．It is called “China’s Big Problem”．
8．What’s the best title for the text
A．The Longest River in China
B．The Yellow River: China’s Mother River and Its Challenges
C．How Dams Stopped Floods in Ancient China
D．The Meaning of Water in Chinese Farming
Curiosity is a powerful force that drives people to achieve great things. It is the desire (愿望) to know more, to explore, and to understand the world around us.
Throughout history, curious people have made amazing discoveries. For example, Galileo Galilei was curious about the stars and the planets. He used a telescope to observe (观察) the sky and made many important discoveries about the solar system. His curiosity changed the way people thought about the universe.
Curiosity can also lead to personal growth. When we are curious, we may learn new skills and gain new knowledge. We may try new hobbies, read different kinds of books, or meet new people. All these experiences can open up our eyes and make us better persons.
In addition, curiosity can improve our relationships. When we are curious about others, we show that we care about them. We ask questions, listen to their stories, and try to understand their opinions. This can help us build stronger connections with people.
But we need to keep curiosity in balance. We shouldn’t be too curious about things that don’t relate to (相关) us, like other people’s personal lives. Also, we should use curiosity for good things, not to hurt anyone or cause trouble.
9．What is curiosity according to the text
A．A strong desire to know more. B．A force that makes people lazy.
C．A feeling of being bored. D．A way to avoid learning.
10．How can curiosity lead to personal growth
A．By changing the way we think. B．By making us meet new people every day.
C．By making us popular with other people. D．By helping us learn new skills and gain new knowledge.
11．Which of the following is NOT a way to improve our relationships with others
A．Keep sharing personal lives. B．Ask them questions. C．Understand their opinions. D．Listen to their stories.
12．When we are curious, what should we pay attention to
A．Use curiosity in a good way. B．Be curious about things we like.
C．Use curiosity for everything. D．Only be curious about our own lives.
Germs are tiny living things that can make people sick. They are everywhere—in the air, on our hands, and on things we touch every day. Food goes bad when germs and bacteria start to grow in it.
In the 1860s, a French scientist named Louis Pasteur found a way to stop bad germs from growing in food. At that time, many wine makers in France had a problem. Their wine often turned sour and they didn’t know why. The French government asked Pasteur to find the reason. While studying the wine, he noticed something strange. Some bottles went bad quickly, while others stayed fresh for longer. This made him very curious. He believed that tiny germs in the air might be the cause. To test his idea, he heated the wine until it was very hot and then cooled it quickly. To his surprise, the wine stayed fresh much longer. That was how he discovered the process later called pasteurisation.
The heat killed the harmful bacteria, which made food last longer. This method helped people keep foods like milk, meat and vegetables safe for more time. Later, food was also kept in tins. The tins were heated to kill bacteria and then closed tightly so no new germs could get in. This made it possible to store food for many months or even years.
Pasteur also worked on another problem—a dangerous disease called rabies. He experimented with rabbits that had the virus. He carefully took infected tissue from the rabbits and dried it in clean air for a few days. This process made the virus weaker and less harmful. In 1885, he tested his new vaccine on a nine-year-old boy, who had been bitten by a dog with rabies. The boy received the vaccine and never got sick. News of this success spread quickly across France, and many people who had been bitten came to Pasteur for help. Pasteur’s discoveries saved many lives.
13．What problem did many wine makers in France have in the 1860s
A．Their wine bottles broke easily. B．Their wine often lost its good taste.
C．Their wine could not be sold abroad. D．Their wine was too expensive.
14．In pasteurisation, why do we heat food
A．To kill the harmful bacteria. B．To make the food taste better.
C．To add vitamins to the food. D．To keep new germs out.
15．What product benefited from Pasteur’s discovery to stay safe for longer
A．Clean water. B．Fresh fruit. C．Bread and cakes. D．Tinned food.
16．What did Pasteur do to make the rabies virus weaker
A．He kept the virus in cold temperatures.
B．He washed the rabbits with special liquids.
C．He took the virus from rabbits and let it dry.
D．He heated the virus until it disappeared.
17．What was the result of Pasteur’s vaccine against rabies
A．It stopped people from getting the disease.
B．It cured people who already had rabies.
C．It helped sick animals recover faster.
D．It made food safer for people to eat.
The Beauty of Jiuzhaigou
Jiuzhaigou, located in Sichuan Province, is one of the most beautiful natural scenic spots in China. It was listed as a World Natural Heritage Site in 1992, and it is famous for its colourful lakes, waterfalls and snow-capped mountains.
The name “Jiuzhaigou” means “the valley of nine Tibetan villages”. There are nine traditional Tibetan villages in the valley, and the local people live in harmony with nature. The most amazing part of Jiuzhaigou is its lakes. The water of the lakes is in different colours—blue, green, turquoise and even red. The colours change with the light and the season, which makes the lakes look like precious gemstones. The reason for the colourful water is the special minerals and algae in the lake bed, which reflect the sunlight in different ways.
Jiuzhaigou has more than 100 lakes and dozens of waterfalls. The Nuorilang Waterfall is the most famous one. It is 27 meters high and 270 meters wide, and it is the widest calcified waterfall in China. When the water falls down from the cliff, it makes a loud sound, and the spray flies everywhere. Standing in front of the waterfall, you will feel the power of nature.
In addition to lakes and waterfalls, Jiuzhaigou also has beautiful forests and snow-capped mountains. The forest is home to many rare animals and plants, such as giant pandas, golden monkeys and Chinese dove trees. The snow-capped mountains stand in the distance, and they make the whole valley look more magnificent.
Jiuzhaigou is a place of natural beauty. It is a gift from nature to humans. However, it was once damaged by an earthquake in 2017. After years of repair and protection, most of the scenic spots have been reopened to the public. We should cherish this beautiful place and protect it well, so that it can always keep its beauty.
18．When was Jiuzhaigou listed as a World Natural Heritage Site
A．In 1990. B．In 1992. C．In 2017. D．In 2020.
19．What does the name “Jiuzhaigou” mean
A．The valley of nine lakes. B．The valley of nine waterfalls.
C．The valley of nine Tibetan villages. D．The valley of nine mountains.
20．Why is the water of Jiuzhaigou’s lakes colourful
A．Because the water is mixed with different dyes.
B．Because of the special minerals and algae in the lake bed.
C．Because the light of the sun is different every day.
D．Because the local people paint the lake bed in different colours.
21．Which is the most famous waterfall in Jiuzhaigou
A．The Golden Whip Stream. B．The Reed Flute Cave Waterfall.
C．The Nuorilang Waterfall. D．The Huangguoshu Waterfall.
22．What happened to Jiuzhaigou in 2017
A．It was listed as a World Natural Heritage Site.
B．It was damaged by an earthquake.
C．It was opened to the public for the first time.
D．It became the most popular scenic spot in China.
基础篇：Level 2 巩固强化【5篇】
Animals grow old, just like humans. What do you think of older wild animals Are they important to their groups A new study has found that protecting older wild animals is very important because they have knowledge to help other members survive (生存).
▲When older birds have baby birds, they are better at providing food and finding a good place to live. This makes it more likely for the babies to survive. Older elephants are good at remembering which animals are friendly and which ones aren’t. They are also better at knowing possible dangers. Grandmother orcas (killer whales) use their knowledge to help their families find food when there’s not much around.
Older animals face serious problems in some parts of the world. For example, fishing has caused the number of older fish to fall greatly. In some places, because poaching is common, older animals are at risk more than young ones.
The researchers, from Charles Darwin University in Australia, said humans must do more to make sure that enough old animals survive. They’ve asked the International Union for Conservation of Nature to help researchers come up with ways to protect those at risk. They also said that we should try to stop catching too many old fish to protect them.
23．How does the writer lead into the topic
A．By telling a joke.
B．By sharing a story.
C．By asking questions.
D．By giving examples.
24．Which of the following can be put in the blank “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 2
A．Older animals are at risk now and their numbers fall.
B．Older animals are better at finding good places to live.
C．Older animals can help their members in many ways.
D．There are many ways to protect older animals in danger.
25．What does the underlined word “poaching” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．feeding animals
B．catching animals
C．studying animals
D．protecting animals
26．What is the purpose of the passage
A．To show the study of Australian researchers.
B．To discuss how animals grow old in the wild.
C．To show why old animals need special protection.
D．To compare different ways of protecting animals.
Norway (挪威) is close to the North Pole (北极). It is very cold there in winter. There is only a little sunshine every day.
To most people in Norway, skiing is the best way to have fun in winter. Almost everyone likes skiing. Children learn to ski soon after they learn to walk.
Long long ago in Norway, there were no buses or trains. People had to find a way to walk over the deep snow. Skis were the right answer! Today Norwegians ski just for fun. Some of Norway’s young men and women are among the best skiers in the world. They are outstanding and they have won many prizes.
Although they love winter, the people of Norway are happy when summer comes. They enjoy outdoor activities at any time of the year. In summer, they swim and sunbathe. Some people go hiking and mountain climbing. The short summer months are busy ones for Norwegian farmers, too. In summer in the north part of Norway, the sun doesn’t set at all for many days. That is why Norway is often called the “Land of the Midnight Sun”.
27．What is the best way to have fun in winter in Norway
A．Skiing. B．Sunbathing. C．Swimming. D．Hiking.
28．What does the underlined word “outstanding” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Poor. B．Excellent. C．Healthy. D．Young.
29．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text
A．Summer months are long in Norway.
B．Norwegian farmers are free in summer.
C．Norwegians learn to ski when they are very young.
D．Norwegians enjoy outdoor activities only in winter.
A tsunami is one of the most powerful and dangerous natural disasters. It is a series of huge ocean waves caused mainly by underwater earthquakes. When the ocean floor suddenly moves during a quake, it pushes a large amount of water upward, creating waves that travel across the ocean at very high speeds, as fast as a jet plane.
Unlike normal waves, a tsunami wave is very long and low in the deep ocean, so ships might not even notice it passing underneath. However, as it approaches the coast and enters shallower water, the wave slows down but grows much taller, sometimes as high as a tall building. The word “tsunami” comes from Japanese, meaning “harbor wave”.
Warning signs of a tsunami can include a strong or long-lasting earthquake near the coast, the ocean pulling back far from the shore very quickly (like a very low tide), or a loud roar from the ocean. If you see any of these signs, you must move to higher ground immediately. Do not wait for an official warning. Remember, the first wave may not be the largest, and tsunamis can last for hours.
30．What is the main cause of a tsunami
A．Strong winds over the ocean.
B．Underwater earthquakes.
C．Heavy rainfall on the sea.
D．The high tide.
31．What happens to a tsunami wave as it gets close to the coast
A．It travels faster. B．It becomes longer and lower.
C．It grows much taller. D．It disappears.
32．What does the underlined word “shallower” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Deeper. B．Not deep. C．Warmer. D．Colder.
33．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a warning sign of a tsunami
A．A strong earthquake near the coast.
B．The ocean water pulling back quickly.
C．A loud sound coming from the ocean.
D．Dark clouds gathering in the sky.
34．What should you do if you see a possible tsunami warning sign
A．Go to the beach to watch.
B．Wait for an official warning on TV.
C．Move to higher ground at once.
D．Get on a ship in the harbor.
“What is that ”
“It looks like a fossil (化石).”
“It looks part-human.”
“It can’t be...”
The words “animal” and “human” were discussed by the archaeologists (考古学家).
“What if it’s neither human nor animal What if it’s something we haven’t discovered yet ” I said.
There was silence.
Paul said, “I think you might be right, Jack. It isn’t an animal we know of. It’s not human. What else could it be ”
The other scientists headed back to their computers to begin researching.
Paul and I continued to look at the fossil closely. It seemed that the creature was smaller than a human, and could stand on two legs.
The next morning, I ran to the fossil. The fossil was different! Now it looked like a small bear.
“What happened ” I asked. Everyone had a puzzled look on their faces and no one had an answer.
When night fell, we set up a rotation (轮班) to make sure two of us were with the fossil at all times. All was quiet for my watch (值班) at midnight.
In the morning, I went to the fossil. It had changed again! This time it looked like a sheep. No one had seen or heard anything on their watch.
How and why did it keep changing To this day, no one has found the answer to the changes.
35．What were the archaeologists discussing
A．How old the fossil was.
B．What animal’s fossil it was.
C．Whether it was a fossil of a human or an animal.
D．What if the creature was something they hadn’t discovered.
36．After the other scientists left, Paul and Jack ________.
A．continued to talk B．ran a test together
C．looked at the fossil closely D．worked on their computers
37．The underlined word “puzzled” means “________” in Chinese.
A．尴尬的 B．气愤的 C．难过的 D．疑惑的
38．What situation are the archaeologists facing
A．The fossil went missing.
B．The fossil kept changing.
C．The fossil was strange in shape.
D．The fossil made the scientists dream a lot.
Frost’s Descent (Shuangjiang) is the 18th of the 24 solar terms, and it is also the last solar term of autumn. It usually comes around October 23 or 24. The name doesn’t mean it will snow. It tells us that the weather is getting much colder, and the first light frost may appear in the morning.
Nature changes a lot during Frost’s Descent. Leaves on trees turn golden and fall slowly to the ground. Small animals like hedgehogs (刺猬) start to look for food to store, getting ready for winter sleep. Even insects hide in their holes and stop moving much, as they are waiting for warm spring days.
People have many interesting customs for this term. Eating persimmons (柿子) is a popular one. At this time, persimmons are big, sweet and juicy. Some people say eating persimmons on Frost’s Descent can keep you from catching a cold in winter. In some places, people also climb hills. The air is fresh, and the red and yellow leaves make the mountains look beautiful. Farmers are busy too. They harvest radishes (萝卜) and onions quickly, because the frost will hurt these vegetables if they stay in the ground.
Frost’s Descent is like a bridge between autumn and winter. It tells us to wear more clothes and get ready for the cold days ahead. It’s a special time to feel the quiet beauty of late autumn.
39．When does Frost’s Descent usually come
A．Around September 10. B．Around October 23 or 24.
C．Around November 8. D．Around December 22.
40．What do people do during Frost’s Descent
A．Flying kites. B．Climbing hills.
C．Eating mooncakes. D．Giving lucky money.
41．What does the underlined word “customs” mean in Paragraph 3
A．Rules. B．Clothes. C．Festivals. D．Traditions.
42．Which is the best title for the text
A．Delicious Food in Cold Seasons B．How to Celebrate Frost’s Descent
C．All Solar Terms in Autumn and Winter D．Frost’s Descent: A Special Autumn Solar Term
提升篇：Level 3 拓展培优【5篇】
Huang Xuhua, a famous scientist in China, passed away at the age of 99 on February 6th in Wuhan because of the illness. Huang was known as the chief designer of China’s first nuclear submarines (核潜艇) .
Huang played a key role in developing China’s first nuclear submarines, the Type 091 and Type 092, from the 1950s to the1980s. For 30 years, his work had been a secret. In 1970, he and his team successfully launched (发射) China’s first nuclear submarine, and it performed better than the first US nuclear submarine launched in 1954.
As China’s navy started to share more information, stories about Huang and his team became widely known. People started to call him the “ △ ”.
Huang was born in Guangdong Province in 1926. He studied shipbuilding at National Chiao Tung University (now Shanghai Jiao Tong University) from 1945 to 1949. Later, he became one of the first scientists to work on China’s nuclear submarine program. In 1958, because of his excellent skills, Huang was secretly called to Beijing. For the next 30 years, he worked hard in secret on China’s nuclear submarine program. He and his team started from nothing and overcame many difficulties to build the country’s first nuclear submarine.
Huang cared a lot about the future of science and technology in China, as well as the growth of young people. He gave away over 20 million yuan of his money to support scientific research, education, and the spread of scientific knowledge. He spent his whole life developing China’s nuclear submarine industry (产业) and national defense (国防) , which encourages us to try our best to make the country stronger. In 2019, Huang Xuhua was awarded the Medal of the Republic.
43．Which one is the best to fill in the blank
A．Teacher of the Year. B．Founder of Shanghai Jiao Tong University.
C．Best Scientist in the World. D．Father of China’s Nuclear Submarines.
44．What can we know about Huang’s work on nuclear submarines
A．It was easy and quick. B．It was secret and challenging.
C．It was public and simple. D．It was boring and unimportant.
45．What does the underlined word “overcome” in paragraph 4 mean
A．take in B．give away C．deal with D．look up
46．Which of the following is the right order of Huang Xuhua’s life
①Received the Medal of the Republic.
②Was called to Beijing to work on the nuclear submarine program.
③Studied at National Chiao Tung University.
④Launched China’s first nuclear submarine.
A．③-②-④-① B．②-③-④-① C．①-④-②-③ D．④-①-③-②
47．What can we learn from Huang Xuhua’s life
A．Study hard and make our country strong. B．Only care about our own interests.
C．Keep secrets all the time. D．Work hard in our lives.
Jane Goodall is a famous scientist. For more than 40 years, Goodall lived mostly in Tanzania in East Africa, studying chimpanzees (黑猩猩).
As a young child, Jane Goodall was interested in animals. She grew up in the English countryside and was always climbing trees or riding horses.
When Jane was 23, she got a chance to go to Africa. Even though she had never been to college, she got a job with a famous scientist named Louis Leakey.
One day Louis Leakey said he needed a volunteer. He needed someone to go to a lake in Tanzania to study a kind of chimpanzee. Jane was excited.
On July 16, 1960, she began her exploration (探索). At first, the chimpanzees ran away from Jane. But with time passing, they got used to her being around.
Every day, Jane would follow the chimpanzees, taking notes on their behavior. She learned many new things about chimpanzees. She watched how a chimpanzee made a tool. She learned how some chimpanzees became good leaders. She watched how mother chimpanzees raised their children. She watched animals get angry and get upset.
She wrote everything down so others would understand animals as she did. She learned that if you pay really close attention to animals, you will understand what they are “saying”.
48．What is the best title of the passage
A．Jane Goodall’s College Life B．Jane Goodall’s Family
C．Jane Goodall, a Famous Scientist D．Jane Goodall and Louis Leakey
49．What is the correct order of the following according to the passage
a. Jane went to Africa.
b. Jane started her exploration.
c. Jane worked with Louis Leakey.
d. Jane was born in the countryside.
e. Jane followed chimpanzees.
A．d—a—e—b—c B．b—a—c—d—e
C．a—d—c—b—e D．d—a—c—b—e
50．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 6 mean
A．Give in. B．Set off. C．Bring up. D．Put up.
51．Jane ________ the chimpanzees’ behavior to help others understand them.
A．wrote down B．took pictures of
C．made videos of D．drew pictures about
52．From the passage we can infer (推断) that ________.
A．mother chimpanzees raise their children
B．people can communicate with animals
C．animals don’t get excited
D．chimpanzees make tools
Zu Chongzhi was one of the greatest mathematicians (数学家) in ancient China. He was born during the Northern and Southern dynasties. From a young age, Zu was taught natural science, astronomy (天文学), math and so on. The little boy was interested in all of these subjects, especially in math.
Zu was best known for his calculation of pi (圆周率). According to historical records, he did all the work using only wooden sticks. No one at that time was able to calculate it more accurately (准确地) than Zu. He was also known for working out how to calculate the volume (体积) of a ball. He did this with the help of his son Zu Gengzhi, and they recorded this achievement in Zhui Shu.
Zu was not only successful in math, but also did a good job in astronomy. He created the Daming Calendar (大明历). However, the government at that time did not agree with Zu. After his death, his son kept on proving (证明) that the Daming Calendar was more accurate. Almost ten years later, this calendar was finally accepted.
Zu was also an inventor. He once made a vehicle (车辆) with a pointer (指针). No matter how the vehicle turned, the pointer always pointed to the South. Zu also invented the 1,000-li Boat. The boat could travel 1,000 li (about 60 kilometers) in a day.
53．Which of the following questions can be answered by reading Zhui Shu
A．How can people do calculations using wooden sticks
B．How can people work out the accurate value of pi
C．How can people calculate the volume of a ball
D．How many days are there in a year
54．The Daming Calendar was not immediately put into use (投入使用) because ________.
A．the government refused to use the calendar
B．Zu Gengzhi proved that the calendar was inaccurate
C．the calendar was hard for the general public to accept
D．Zu Chongzhi later discovered mistakes in the calendar
55．What’s the best structure for the text
A． B． C． D．
56．What is the main purpose of the text
A．To introduce a great dynasty in ancient China.
B．To introduce the achievements in ancient China.
C．To tell us a story about Zu Chongzhi and his son.
D．To tell us about Zu Chongzhi’s great achievements.
①Spring is the most exciting season of the year! Besides the warm weather, there are many cool things to learn about this time of year.
②During spring, the weather can be very changeable (变化无常的). This happens because warm air from the south and cold air from the north are fighting, making it impossible to know the exact weather.
③Many baby animals are born in spring. Deer, squirrels (松鼠), foxes, and even whales welcome their little ones during this season. The warm sunshine and enough food make it the perfect time for young animals to grow strong.
④Spring doesn't start at the same time everywhere. In the Northern Hemisphere (半球), spring begins in March. But in the Southern Hemisphere, like Australia, spring starts in September. So, while people in one part of the world enjoy spring flowers, others might be jumping into autumn leaves!
⑤This season shows that nature and life always keep changing, bringing new surprises every year!
57．Why are many baby animals born in spring
A．Because they can sleep more at night.
B．Because they will have fewer enemies.
C．Because it is warm and there is plenty of food.
D．Because they can spend more time with their parents.
58．When it is autumn in the Northern Hemisphere, which season are Australians experiencing
A．Spring. B．Summer. C．Autumn. D．Winter.
59．What is the structure of the text
A． B． C． D．
“Please don’t go to Wuhan if it’s not really necessary.” Zhong Nanshan, a famous expert, said when the COVID-19 (新型冠状病毒肺炎) hit Wuhan. At the same time, Zhong, 84, went on a trip to Wuhan to fight the disease.
Chinese people shared his pictures and words online, saying “They believe every word Zhong says.” He gave Chinese people confidence and hope in winning this fight.
As a doctor, Zhong said his goal was always to save as many lives as possible. In 2003, when SARS hit China, he asked other doctors to send their most serious patients to him. After months of hard work, he saved thousands of lives.
Now, Zhong was once again leading an expert team to deal with the COVID-19. This new virus was more dangerous to old people, but Zhong worried little about his own safety. On Jan.18, 2020, he took a high-speed train from Guangzhou to Wuhan. Two days later, he became the first expert to tell the public that the virus could go from person to person. On Jan. 29, he and his team spent over four hours online checking five patients.
In difficult times, many people always bring others hope and confidence. 84-year-old Zhong Nanshan is one of them.
60．From the first paragraph we can know that ________ .
A．no one could go to Wuhan B．Zhong is a great hero
C．the disease is not serious D．many doctors went to Wuhan
61．The underlined word “confidence” in the second paragraph means “________” in Chinese.
A．信心 B．财宝 C．才华 D．回答
62．How did Zhong go to Wuhan from Guangzhou
A．By plane. B．By car. C．By high-speed train. D．By bus.
参考答案
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B
本文介绍了2006年科学家将太阳系行星数量从9颗改为8颗的原因，并说明人类对自然的认知会随时间和新发现而改变。
1．第一段“In 2006, scientists changed the number of planets in our solar system from nine to eight.”指出现在太阳系有8颗真正的行星。
2．根据倒数第二段“Pluto failed the third rule, so it was decided that it doesn’t belong to the list of true planets”，结合行星定义第三条“It must clear things in its way”可知，冥王星被移除是因为没有清除轨道上的其他天体。
3．最后一段“This change teaches us that our understanding of nature can change over time.”指出这一变化教会我们人类对自然的理解会随时间而改变。
4．文章列出的行星定义三条规则“1. It must move around the sun. 2. It must be round (or nearly round). 3. It must clear things in its way.”表明“必须非常大”不在三条规则中。
5．C 6．B 7．A 8．B
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了黄河作为中国“母亲河”的基本概况、历史作用、曾经面临的洪涝问题以及如今面临的污染与水资源短缺挑战。
5．根据第一段第一句“The Yellow River, known as China’s ‘Mother River’, is over 5, 400 kilometres starting from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the Bohai Sea.”可知，黄河发源于青藏高原，即The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau。
6．根据第二段第二句“Early Chinese emperors even built their capitals near the river.” 可知，古代帝王在此建都，由此被称为“中华文明的摇篮”。
7．根据第三段最后一句“Later, modern dams like the Xiaolangdi Dam helped stop floods.” 可知，小浪底大坝是现代修建用于防洪的大坝。
8．通读全文可知，文章先介绍黄河的基本情况与历史贡献，再讲述其历史上的洪涝问题及现代面临的污染、水资源短缺等挑战，整体围绕黄河及其面临的挑战展开，因此“The Yellow River: China's Mother River and Its Challenges”最能概括全文主旨。
9．A 10．D 11．A 12．A
本文是一篇说明文，介绍好奇心的作用、带来的好处以及要合理平衡使用好奇心。
9．第一段指出：“It is the desire to know more, to explore, and to understand the world around us.”，说明好奇心是想要了解更多的强烈愿望。
10．第三段说明：“When we are curious, we may learn new skills and gain new knowledge.”，指出好奇心通过帮助我们学习新技能获得新知识促进个人成长。
11．第四段提到：“We ask questions, listen to their stories, and try to understand their opinions.”，可以问问题，听他们的故事，并试图理解他们的意见，文中并未提及“分享私生活”。
12．第五段指出：“we should use curiosity for good things, not to hurt anyone or cause trouble.”，表明我们要以好的方式使用好奇心。
13．B 14．A 15．D 16．C 17．A
本文主要介绍了法国科学家路易·巴斯德的两项重要发现。
13．原文第一段：Their wine often turned sour.说明当时酿酒师的问题是酒经常变酸，失去原本的好味道，对应B选项。
14．原文第三段：The heat killed the harmful bacteria, which made food last longer.明确指出巴氏杀菌法中加热的作用是杀死有害细菌。
15．原文第三段：Later, food was also kept in tins. The tins were heated to kill bacteria and then closed tightly so no new germs could get in. This made it possible to store food for many months or even years.”说明罐头食品用了巴氏杀菌的原理，能长期保存。
16．原文最后一段：He carefully took infected tissue from the rabbits and dried it in clean air for a few days. This process made the virus weaker”可知，巴斯德从染病兔子体内取出感染组织（带病毒）晾干，让病毒毒性减弱。
17．原文最后一段：In 1885, he tested his new vaccine on a nine-year-old boy, who had been...discoveries saved many lives.明确说明被疯狗咬伤的男孩接种疫苗后没有发病，该发现挽救了很多人命，说明狂犬疫苗可以阻止人们患上狂犬病。
18．B 19．C 20．B 21．C 22．B
本文介绍了九寨沟的地理位置、美景特色、名字由来、动植物资源以及地震后的修复情况，呼吁人们保护它。
18．第一段明确提到“It was listed as a World Natural Heritage Site in 1992”，直接给出了被列入世界自然遗产的时间。
19．第二段解释“The name ‘Jiuzhaigou’ means ‘the valley of nine Tibetan villages’”，说明了名字的含义。
20．第二段说明原因“The reason for the colourful water is the special minerals and algae in the lake bed”，解释了湖水多彩的缘由。
21．第三段提到“The Nuorilang Waterfall is the most famous one.”指出了九寨沟最有名的瀑布。
22．最后一段指出“it was once damaged by an earthquake in 2017”，说明了2017年九寨沟发生的事情。
23．C 24．C 25．B 26．C
本文通过科学研究阐述了年长野生动物在种群生存中的关键作用，揭示其生存危机，并呼吁加强对老年动物的保护。
23．根据“What do you think of older wild animals Are they important to their groups ”可知，文章开头通过提出“你如何看待年老的野生动物？它们对群体重要吗？”这样的问题来引出下文，所以作者是通过提问开始这篇文章的。
24．根据“When older birds have baby birds, they are better at providing food and finding a good place to live. This makes it more likely for the babies to survive. Older elephants...”可知，空处后文说明年长动物如何提升种群生存率，所以空处应表达“年老的动物可以在很多方面帮助它们的种群”。
25．根据“For example, fishing has caused the number of older fish to fall greatly.”及“...older animals are at risk more than young ones.”可知，捕鱼导致老年鱼数量大幅下降，年老的动物更处于危险中，可推断poaching指“非法捕猎”。
26．根据“A new study has found that protecting older wild animals is very important because they have knowledge to help other members survive (生存).”可知，本文通过科学研究阐述了年长野生动物在种群生存中的关键作用，揭示其生存危机，并呼吁加强对老年动物的保护。
27．A 28．B 29．C
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了挪威的冬季滑雪文化、滑雪的起源，以及夏季的户外活动和“午夜太阳之地”的由来。
27．第二段第一句指出：“To most people in Norway, skiing is the best way to have fun in winter.”，这直接说明挪威冬季最好的娱乐方式是滑雪。
28．第三段说明：“Some of Norway’s young men and women are among the best skiers in the world. They are outstanding and they have won many prizes.”，结合上下文可推断outstanding的含义为“优秀的”，对应选项“Excellent”。
29．第二段第二句提到：“Children learn to ski soon after they learn to walk.”，说明挪威人在很小的时候就学习滑雪，该表述符合原文；同时可排除其他选项：第四段第五句提到：“The short summer months are busy ones for Norwegian farmers, too.”，说明挪威夏季短暂、农民夏季忙碌，故“Summer months are long in Norway.”和“Norwegian farmers are free in summer.”与原文不符；第四段第二句提到：“They enjoy outdoor activities at any time of the year.”，说明挪威人全年都喜欢户外活动，并非只在冬季，故“Norwegians enjoy outdoor activities only in winter.”与原文不符。
30．B 31．C 32．B 33．D 34．C
本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍了海啸的成因、传播特征、靠近海岸时的变化以及预警信号，旨在普及相关知识并指导紧急应对。
30．第一段第二句“It is a series of huge ocean waves caused mainly by underwater earthquakes.”点明，海啸主要是由海底地震引起的。
31．第二段第三句“However, as it approaches the coast and enters shallower water, the wave slows down but grows much taller...”说明，海啸波靠近海岸时会变得更高。
32．根据语境，与“deep ocean”相对，靠近海岸的水域是“浅水区”，因此“shallower”意为“更浅的”，即“not deep”。
33．第三段第一句“Warning signs of a tsunami can include a strong or long-lasting earthquake..., the ocean pulling back... or a loud roar from the ocean.”说明，海岸附近发生强烈地震、海水迅速退去、海面传来巨大的声响三项均被提及为海啸的前兆。
34．第三段第二、三句“If you see any of these signs, you must move to higher ground immediately. Do not wait for an official warning.”直接点明，应立即转移到地势较高的地方。
35．C 36．C 37．D 38．B
本文主要介绍了考古学家针对一块奇怪的化石进行的讨论以及化石的变化。
35．细节理解题。根据“The words ‘animal’ and ‘human’ were discussed by the archaeologists (考古学家).”可知，考古学家们正在争论它是人类化石还是动物化石。故选C。
36．细节理解题。根据“Paul and I continued to look at the fossil closely.”可知，其他科学家离开后，保罗和杰克仔细观察了化石。故选C。
37．词句猜测题。根据“... and no one had an answer.”可知，没有人有答案，因此此处表示每个人都很疑惑，画线单词puzzled意为“疑惑的”。故选D。
38．细节理解题。根据“How and why did it keep changing To this day, no one has found the answer to the changes.”可知，考古学家面临着化石一直在变的局面。故选B。
39．B 40．B 41．D 42．D
本文主要介绍了中国二十四节气中的霜降。
39．第一段明确指出：“It usually comes around October 23 or 24.”，这直接说明霜降通常出现在10月23日或24日前后。
40．第三段介绍了霜降期间的民间习俗，文中提到：“In some places, people also climb hills.”，这说明在部分地区，人们有在霜降时登高的习俗。
41．第三段提到：“People have many interesting customs for this term. Eating persimmons is a popular one.”，并列举了吃柿子、爬山等活动。“customs”在此上下文中指的就是这些世代相传的“习俗”或“传统”。
42．文章通篇围绕霜降这一特定节气展开，介绍了其时间、物候和人文习俗，强调其作为秋季与冬季桥梁的特殊性。
43．D 44．B 45．C 46．A 47．A
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了中国核潜艇总设计师黄旭华院士的生平事迹，介绍了他为我国核潜艇事业和国防建设做出的卓越贡献。
43．第一段指出：“Huang was known as the chief designer of China’s first nuclear submarines”，因此他被人们尊称为“中国核潜艇之父”。
44．第二段和第四段提到：“For 30 years, his work had been a secret”和“He and his team started from nothing and overcame many difficulties”，说明他的工作是保密且充满挑战的。
45．第四段中划线词“overcome”出现在“He and his team started from nothing and overcame many difficulties to build the country's first nuclear submarine”一句中，结合语境，其含义为“克服、应对”，deal with意为“应对、处理”与其意思相近。
46．第四段提到：“He studied shipbuilding at National Chiao Tung University from 1945 to 1949”，随后“In 1958...Huang was secretly called to Beijing”，再到第二段“In 1970, he and his team successfully launched China’s first nuclear submarine”，最后“In 2019, Huang Xuhua was awarded the Medal of the Republic.”，因此正确的时间顺序是③-②-④-①。
47．最后一段提到：“He spent his whole life developing China’s nuclear submarine industry and national defense, which encourages us to try our best to make the country stronger”，说明我们可以从他身上学到努力奋斗、为国家强盛而拼搏的精神。
48．C 49．D 50．C 51．A 52．B
本文主要介绍了著名科学家珍·古道尔的生平，讲述了她从小对动物的热爱、前往非洲的经历，以及在坦桑尼亚研究黑猩猩的过程与发现。
48．全文围绕著名科学家珍·古道尔研究黑猩猩的生平经历展开，核心就是介绍这位著名科学家。
49．根据文章内容，事件顺序为：d. Jane was born in the countryside.（第二段）→ a. Jane went to Africa.（第三段）→ c. Jane worked with Louis Leakey.（第三段）→ b. Jane started her exploration.（第五段）→ e. Jane followed chimpanzees.（第六段），对应顺序为 d—a—c—b—e。
50．文中“raised their children”指母黑猩猩抚养幼崽，“raise”在此意为“养育、抚养”，与“bring up”同义。
51．根据最后一段“She wrote everything down so others would understand animals as she did.”，珍·古道尔将黑猩猩的行为记录下来，帮助他人了解它们。
52．根据最后一段“She learned that if you pay really close attention to animals, you will understand what they are ‘saying’.”，可推断人们通过细致观察可以理解动物的行为，与它们沟通。
53．C 54．A 55．D 56．D
本文主要介绍了中国古代数学家祖冲之的生平及他在数学、天文学、发明领域的主要成就。
53．第2段“He was also known for working out how to calculate the volume of a ball. He did this with the help of his son Zu Gengzhi, and they recorded this achievement in Zhui Shu.”，明确提到《缀术》中记录了计算球体体积的方法。
54．第3段“He created the Daming Calendar. However, the government at that time did not agree with Zu. After his death, his son kept on proving that the Daming Calendar was more accurate. Almost ten years later, this calendar was finally accepted.”，直接说明当时政府不认可祖冲之的《大明历》，直到多年后才被接受。
55．第1段：总起，介绍祖冲之的身份与早年学习背景。第2、3、4段：分述他在数学领域、天文学领域、发明创造的成就；全文为“总— 分” 结构。
56．文章从数学、天文、发明三个维度，全面介绍了祖冲之的各项成就，核心目的是展现他的伟大贡献。A选项“介绍朝代”，B选项“介绍古代中国的成就”范围过大，C选项“讲祖冲之和他儿子的故事”偏离主旨。
57．C 58．A 59．B
本文主要介绍了春天的几个有趣特点：天气变化无常、许多动物在春天产仔、以及南北半球季节相反的现象，最后点明春天体现了自然和生命的不断变化。
57．由第③段“The warm sunshine and enough food make it the perfect time for young animals to grow strong”可知，许多动物在春天产仔是因为春天温暖且食物充足。
58．由第④段“In the Northern Hemisphere, spring begins in March. But in the Southern Hemisphere, like Australia, spring starts in September”可知，南北半球季节相反。当北半球是秋天时，南半球的澳大利亚正是春天。
59．文章结构为：第①段总体引出春天令人兴奋；第②-④段分别从天气、动物出生、南北半球差异三个方面具体介绍春天的特点；第⑤段总结春天带来的变化和惊喜。因此结构为：总 (①)— 分 (②③④)— 总 (⑤)。
60．B 61．A 62．C
本文是一篇人物报道，介绍了84岁的钟南山院士在COVID-19疫情期间逆行武汉、领导专家团队抗击疫情的感人事迹，展现了他作为医生的责任感和给人民带来的信心。
60．第一段描述了钟南山院士建议大家非必要不去武汉，但他自己却前往武汉抗击疫情，体现了他是一位伟大的英雄。
61．第二段提到“He gave Chinese people confidence and hope”，结合上下文，钟南山给了中国人民战胜疫情的信心，“confidence”意为“信心”。
62．第四段提到“On Jan.18, 2020, he took a high-speed train from Guangzhou to Wuhan.”，说明他乘坐高铁从广州前往武汉。(共4张PPT)
外研版2024 八年级英语下册
【核心素养】阅读提升训练
Unit5 Looking into nature快速答案
一、快速核对
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 B C A B C B A B A D
题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
答案 A A B A D C A B C B
题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 C B C C B C A B C B
一、快速核对
题号 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
答案 C B D C C C D B B B
题号 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
答案 D D D B C A A C D C
题号 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
答案 A B C A D D C A B B
题号 61 62
答案 A C
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