资源简介

(共50张PPT)
选择性必修四
Unit 1
Science Fiction
Vocabulary
Reading and Thinking
PART.01
fiction 小说;虚构或想象出来的事
fictional characters 虚构的人物 science fiction科幻小说
read a fiction 读小说
complete fiction 彻头彻尾的虚构
detective fiction 侦探小说
legal fiction 法律上的假定
light fiction 情节轻松的小说
modern〔popular〕 fiction 现代〔通俗〕小说
realistic〔romantic〕 fiction 现实〔浪漫〕主义小说
science fiction 科学幻想小说
1．test out检验；测试
(P2)It was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife, Claire.
【翻译】它将由拉里的妻子克莱尔来测试。
(1) test on … 在……(身上)做试验
test sb/sth (for…)　
(为……而)测验/考查/试验/检查/化验某人/物
(2)put…to the test 使……经受考验；检验；试验
stand the test of time 经得起时间的考验
pass/fail a test 通过/没有通过测验
1．test out检验；测试
(1)________(test) the effect of social influence on eating habits, they conducted two experiments.
(2)The professor invited some university students to test ________the computer programme for any bugs.
(3)It may be five or six years before the new medicine is tested ________ human beings.
(4)The new system __________________ by several engineers to see if it works well.
几个工程师正在测试新系统，看看它是否运行良好。
(5)Our friendship ____________________________ for we’ve been friends for more than 20 years.
我们的友谊已经经受住了时间的考验，因为我们是20多年的朋友了。
To test　
out
on
is being tested out
has stood the test of time
2．appointment n．预约；约会；委任
(P2)She had an appointment to paint her nails, then she went into an expensive clothes shop.她约好了去涂指甲，然后走进一家高档服装店。
(1)make/have an appointment (with sb)(与某人)约会/预约
break an appointment违约
keep an appointment准时赴约
by appointment通过预约的方式
(2)appoint v. 任命；委任；安排
appoint sb as/to be… 任命某人为……
appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事
appoint sb to＋某单位/职位
任命某人去某地任职/担任某个职务
(3)appointed adj.约定的；指定的
2．appointment n．预约；约会；委任
(1)Mr Li has been appointed ________(be) the new president of this university.
(2)His _____________(appoint) as the new director will be made known tomorrow.
(3)My uncle will be appointed ________ that police station next month.
(4)I’m coming here________appointment to collect my salary and bonus.
to be　
appointment　
to
by
(5)我正忙着准备期末考试,这对我来说很重要,所以我不能去赴约。
I am busy preparing for my final exam,which is vital to me,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
(6)很遗憾我不得不取消和你在星期天书店的约会。
It’s a great pity that I have to
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
so I cannot keep the appointment
cancel the Sunday Bookstore appointment with you
3．guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
(P2)Although it was completely innocent, Claire felt guilty.
【翻译】虽然完全无辜，克莱尔还是感到内疚。
(1)be guilty of… 犯有……罪
be/feel guilty about… 对/为……感到内疚/有愧
(2)guilt n. 内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行
a sense of guilt 负罪感；内疚感
(1)I was eleven years old, and I was feeling a strange _______________．
我那时才11岁，却有一种奇怪的愧疚感。
【答案】(1)sense of guilt　
3．guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
(2)After a dead silence, ________________________．Tom murmured that he would never make fun of Mr Hope.(读后续写之心理描写)
在一阵死寂后，内疚的泪水涌上他们的眼眶。汤姆喃喃自语道，他再也不会取笑霍普先生了。
【答案】(2)tears of guilt welled up in their eyes
(3)Stunned and moved, I stared at the note, _____________my previous thought that all people were indifferent.(读后续写之心理描写)
我目瞪口呆，感动不已，盯着那张纸条，对我先前认为所有人都漠不关心的想法感到内疚。
【答案】(3)feeling guilty about
一句多译
她说:“可是我已经欺骗了我奶奶”,脸颊上流下了内疚的泪水。
③“But I have cheated my grandmother,” said she,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(并列句)
④“But I have cheated my grandmother,” said she,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(独立主格结构)
and tears of guilt flowed down her cheeks
tears of guilt flowing down her cheeks
4．dismiss vt.让(某人)离开； 解散； 解雇；消除
(P3)The guests would be arriving soon, so Claire dismissed Tony for the rest of the night.
【翻译】客人们很快就要到了，克莱尔让托尼结束了当晚的工作。
(1)dismiss…from 将(某人)从……开除；解雇；使退去
dismiss sth as… 认为某事……而不予考虑
dismiss sb for… 因……而解雇/开除某人
be dismissed from one’s post (某人)被免职
(2)dismissal n. 解雇；不予考虑
(1)He dismissed the story ________ a rumour.
(2)The two workers are dismissed ____________________the factory by the same token.
【答案】(1)as　
(2)from　
完成句子
(3)The cleaner ____________________ lazy and dishonest.
这个清洁工因懒惰和不诚实而被解雇了。
(4)Joe claims he was unfairly ____________________.
乔声称自己被无理免职。
【答案】(3)was dismissed for being　
(4)dismissed from his post
5．declare vt.表明；宣称；公布
(P3)She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day, and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.
【翻译】她听见他说，第二天他不想离开她，而且他心里的愿望不只是让她开心而已。
(1)declare war on… 向……宣战
declare for/against… 声明支持/反对……
declare sb/sth to be 宣布某人/某事为……
declare oneself 表明态度；发表意见
declare that… 声称/宣判……
declare…open/closed 宣布……开始/结束
(2)declaration n．宣告；公告；宣布
(1)Do you know when Britain declared war ________ Germany during the Second World War
(2)It’s likely that he will declare ________ the proposal because he thinks it will damage his interests.
(3)The instant the ceremony ____________________， all the students in our school burst into cheers.
仪式一宣布开始，我校全体学生就欢呼起来。
(4)Soon they will______________ the leader of the company.
很快，他们就会宣布她为公司的领导人。
on
against　
was declared open　
declare her to be
Learning Language
PART.02
1．rumour n．谣言；传闻
(P4)Rumours are like sharp knives, cutting one’s self–respect into pieces.
【翻译】谣言就像锋利的刀子，把人的自尊切成碎片。
rumour of/about sth 有关某事的传闻/谣言
start/spread a rumour制造/散布谣言
Rumour has it that… 有传闻说……
Rumour has it that he was murdered.有传闻说他被杀了。
Many of the stories are based on rumours.这些说法很多都是道听途说。
(1)__________________(有传闻说) Mr Li will be appointed headmaster of our school.
(2)It is not right for you to ______________(传播这些谣言).
(3)There are different ______________________________(有关这次事故的传闻).
【答案】(1)Rumour has it that　
(2)spread these rumours
(3)rumours about the accident
2．presume vt.& vi.假设；假定
(1)I presume so.我想是的。
It is presumed that… 据推测……
presume from… 从……中推测
presume to do sth 冒昧地做某事；擅自做某事
presume on/upon (不正当地)利用；滥用；把希望寄托于
(2)presumption n．推测；设想；推定
I presumed him to be her husband.
我料想他就是她的丈夫。
(1)I presume ________ your pronunciation and intonation that you are a foreigner.
(2)Many people presume the examination ________(be) quite difficult.
(3)____________ his seniority, he always imposes his ideas on others.
他总是倚老卖老，把他的想法强加于人。
(4)____________________ another snowstorm will strike our city soon.
据推测，另一场暴风雪很快就会袭击我们的城市。
【答案】(1)from　
(2)to be
(3)Presuming on/upon　
(4)It is presumed that
3．on a … basis　根据；以……的方式(基准)
(P4)money paid for work or services, typically on a daily or weekly basis
【翻译】为工作或服务所支付的钱，通常以一天或一周为基准
(1)basis n. (pl. bases) 基础；根据
on the basis of… 根据……；在……的基础上；基于……
(2)base vt. 以……为据点；以……为基础 n. 底部；根据；基地；基础
base…on/upon… 把……建立在……的基础之上
be based on/upon… 根据……； 以……为基础
(3)basic adj. 基本的；基础的
She was chosen for the job on the basis of her qualifications.
她因资历适合而获选担任这份工作。
(1)The system was introduced________ a trial basis for one month.
(2)The novel is ________(base) on a true story.
(3)Many ________(basis) human rights, including freedom of speech, are now guaranteed.
(4)They want all groups to be treated__________________．
他们希望对待所有的团体都能一视同仁。
【答案】 (1)on　
(2)based　
(3)Basic
(4)on an equal basis
4．calculate vt.计算；核算；预测
(P4)They believe if AI can handle tasks like calculating and driving for us, we will have more time for creating, thinking, and “being human”．
【翻译】他们相信，如果人工智能能够为我们处理计算和驾驶等任务，我们将有更多的时间去创造、思考和“成为人类”。
(1)calculate that… 算出；推算出
calculate on/upon 依靠；期待；指望；计算
be calculated to do sth 故意做/打算做/可能做某事
It is/was calculated that… 据估算……
(2)calculator n．计算器
calculation n．计算
(1)Emotional people don’t stop ________(calculate).
(2)Li Ming calculates ________(go) on a trip next week.
(3)It ________(calculate) that the bridge will be completed in two weeks.
(4)I calculated ________ the trip would take two days.
【答案】(1)to calculate　
(2)to go
(3)is calculated　
(4)that
Using Language
PART.03
1．superior adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的
(P6)In sci–fi stories, robots often become superior and take over.
【翻译】在科幻小说中，机器人往往变得更优越并占据主导地位。
(1)be superior to… 比……优越 (更好、强)
(2)superiority n．优势；优越感/su p ri r ti/
have superiority over/to…in… 在……方面比……有优势
(3)superior 本身有“更”的意思，不再有比较级和最高级形式。
类似的短语有：
be junior to… 比……年轻/资历浅
be inferior to… 次于……；不如……
(1)He had a well-developed sense of his own____________ (superior).
(2)They have developed techniques superior _______ those used in most factories.
(3)Some people hold the opinion that reading paper books ___________________ reading e-books in many ways while others argue that reading e-books is much better.
一些人认为阅读纸质书在很多方面优于阅读电子书，而其他人认为阅读电子书更好。
(4)The company’s products have a clear __________________ in quality.
这家公司的产品在质量上明显优于其竞争对手。
superiority
to
is superior to　
superiority over its competitors
2．take over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
(P6)In sci-fi stories, robots often become superior and take over.
【翻译】在科幻小说中，机器人往往变得更优越并占据主导地位。
take off 起飞；脱下；大获成功
take back 收回； 退回； 使回想起
take on 呈现；雇用；承担
take in 包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留
take up 拿起；接受；占据；开始从事；继续
take away 拿走；夺走；消除
take down 写下；记下；拆卸
用take 相关短语的适当形式填空
(1)Technology is here to help us, but we should not allow it to _____________ our lives.
(2)While reading popular science books, we can _____________more basic knowledge.
(3)She was eager to _______________ new responsibilities at her job.
(4)Her career really _______________ after she won the award for Best Actress.
take over　
take in　
take on　
took off
3．conflict with与……冲突或抵触
(P7)A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the first or second law.
在不违反第一或第二定律的前提下，机器人必须保护自己的存在。
(1)a conflict between…and… ……和……之间的冲突
in conflict with sb 与某人有冲突
come/fall into conflict with… 与……产生冲突
(2)conflicted adj. 因心理冲突而不知所措的
be conflicted about… 对……感到矛盾
(1)There is always a conflict ____________good and evil in his plays.
(2)He often conflicts ________his classmates, which annoys his parents.
(3)I felt deeply ____________(conflict) about whether or not to keep the wallet I had found.
(4)Instantly, without a few hours, the video went viral._______ _____________________________ between whether I should be happy or sad.
视频立即在几小时内就火了起来。我的情绪很复杂，不知道该高兴还是难过。
between
with
conflicted
My emotions were so conflicted
4．labour n．劳动(者)；体力劳动 vi.奋斗；努力工作
(P7)They will probably do most of our labour for us.
【翻译】他们可能会替我们做大部分的工作。
(1)manual labour(＝work using your hands) 体力劳动
labour costs 人工成本
the labouring class(＝the working class) 工人阶级
(2)labour for sth 为了某事而劳动
labour to do sth 为了做某事而努力工作
labour over sth 在某件事情上花费精力
labour through/up/along 缓慢而艰难地前进
(1)The price included the __________________________．
此价格中包含了人工费和材料费。
(2)The small company wants to keep down ____________．
这家小公司想缩减劳动成本。
(3)Try not to ______________________ your decisions, think quickly, and act fast.
尽量不要为你的决定费心，快速思考，快速行动。
(4)They _____________ years to buy a house in this big city.
他们为了在这个大城市买房努力工作了许多年。
labour and materials　
labour costs　
labour over　
laboured for
5．fetch vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来
(P8)My niece came in to fetch something, maybe her handkerchief, apparently without seeing me.
【翻译】我侄女进来拿东西，也许是她的手帕，显然没有看到我。
(1)fetch a doctor 去请医生
fetch sth 去取某物(回到原地)
fetch out 取出；暴露
fetch sb sth＝fetch sth for sb 为某人取某物
fetch and carry 打杂； 做杂务
(2)fetch用作动词时，还可意为“售得；卖得(某价)”。
(1)Please ___________ the book from the shelf.
请从书架上拿出那本书。
(2)I’m expected to _____________ for everyone in the office.
办公室里每个人都期望我听他们差遣。
(3)He had to _______________ from the well every morning.
每天早上，他不得不去这口井打水。
【答案】(1)fetch out　
(2)fetch and carry　
(3)fetch water
6．turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
(1)turn out badly/well/all right 结果很糟/很好/尚可
turn out (to be)＋adj./n. 结果是/原来是……
It turns out that… 结果是/原来是……(用于主语从句)
as it turned out 结果证明(用于定语从句)
(2)turn down关小；拒绝
turn away拒绝……入内；把……打发走；转过脸去
turn up出现；露面；调大
turn over打翻；翻身；移交
turn to求助于；翻到(书的某页)；开始从事(学习、工作)；查阅；转向
turn off关掉；截断(电流、煤气、水等)
turn into… 变成……
用turn 相关短语的适当形式填空
(1)He ________________the job because it involved too much travelling.
(2)There’s no need to be upset about that. I’m sure things will _______________ well.
(3)The Internet has now become the first place that the majority of people _______________ for information.
(4)I ________________the volume and stood staring at the radio, holding my breath and waiting for the first notes of the song.
turned down　
turn out
turn to　
turned up
7．fall away (逐渐)减少；消失
fall away除了表示“减少；消失”以外，还可以表示“背离；离开；疏远；抛弃；消瘦；倾斜”。
fall apart 破旧；破碎；破裂；(精神)崩溃
fall back 后退；撤退；(价值)下降
fall behind 落后
fall into 进入(某种状态)；开始做；参与；可分成
fall off 脱落；掉落
fall over 摔倒；倒下
fall down 突然倒下；坍塌；失败；(想法、论点、方法等)站不住脚；说不通
fall through 落空；失败；化为泡影
用fall 相关短语的适当形式填空
(1)If you take this medicine, all your pains and aches will _______________．
(2)The six-minute speech silenced all the people and made them _____________ deep thinking.
(3)If you don’t come to class regularly, you will ___________ in your studies.
(4)It is commonplace that some babies often __________when they are learning to walk.
fall away　
fall into　
fall behind　
fall down　
完成句子
(5)We found a buyer for our house, but then the sale ____________________．
我们为自己的房子找了个买主，但后来交易泡汤了。
(6)Lisa stared out the window of the jumbo jet, watching the runway ___________ behind her.
丽萨正盯着一架大型喷气式客机的窗外，看着飞机跑道渐渐远去。
【答案】(5)fell through　
(6)fall away
8．division n.分开；分隔；差异；除(法)
(P8)The sun and moon looked as if they were being thrown across the sky, but soon there was division between night and day.
【翻译】太阳和月亮看起来像是被扔到了天空中一样，但很快就有了昼夜之分。
(1)division of/in… 在……的差异/分歧
division between A and B A和B的差异
(2)divide v．(使)分开；分配；分隔
divide (sth) into 分成；分为；把……分割成
divide (sth) by 除以；用……除
divide sth between/among… 在……之间分配某物；由……分享某物
(1)The river forms the ________(divide) between the heavy industrial and light industrial areas of the city.
(2)The park, ________(divide) into two sections along a stream, has several bridges built over the stream.
(3)They were randomly divided ________four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels(分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels.
(4)I’m very pleased with your teaching style, but I’d like to express my concerns regarding your plan to randomly _____________________________ for post-class oral practice.
我对你的教学风格非常满意，但我想对你课后口语练习中随机把学生分成两人一组进行的计划表示担忧。
division　
divided　
into
divide students into pairs
9．explode vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破
(P9)But if I stopped and the same space was being occupied by something else, we would be forced together and explode like a bomb!
【翻译】但如果我停下来，同样的空间被别的东西占据了，我们就会被迫在一起像炸弹一样爆炸！
(1)explode with anger/rage勃然大怒
explode into/with laughter哄堂大笑
explode to 激增至
(2)explosive adj.易爆炸的；爆炸性的；激增的
(3)explosion n．爆炸
(1)Professor Challenger’s face went red as a tomato. His beard was bristling. He looked ready to ________________________．
查林杰教授的脸红得像个西红柿。他的胡子根根竖起，看样子他简直要气炸了。
【答案】(1)explode with rage/anger
(2)When Davis got the last point and won the match, the crowd__________．
当戴维斯得到了最后一分，赢得了比赛时，人群中爆发出掌声。
【答案】(2)exploded into applause
Assessing Your Progress
PART.04
1．pace n．速度；步伐；节奏 vt.& vi. 确定速度；调整节奏
(1)pace n．(移动的)速度；步速；发生的速度；步伐；节奏； (走或跑时)迈出的一步；一步的距离；步幅
at a(n)…pace 以……的速度/步伐
at one’s own pace 按某人自己的速度
set the pace 处于领先地位
keep pace with sb/sth 与某人/某物并驾齐驱/步调一致
(2)pace up and down 来回踱步
pace oneself 控制自己的步调；调整自己的工作节奏
(1)The runners have to __________________________．
赛跑者不得不加快脚步。
(2)Paul _______________ in the room, looking worried.
保罗在屋里来回踱步，看起来焦虑不安。
(3)We encourage all students to work _______________．
我们鼓励所有学生都按自己的节奏学习。
【答案】(1)speed up their pace　
(2)paced up and down
(3)at their own pace
2．have an urge to 有强烈的欲望做某事
(1)urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事
urge that…(should) do sth
极力主张……做某事
It is urged that…(should) do sth.
坚决要求……做某事。
We should constantly urge ourselves to study hard.
我们要经常鞭策自己努力学习。
I strongly urge that all of you study hard and have ambition to serve your nation.
我非常希望你们都好好学习，有为国家服务的雄心壮志。
(2)urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的
in urgent need of急需
(3)urgently adv.紧急地；急迫地；急切地
(4)urgency n．紧急的事
(1)On feeling the earthquake, the teacher stayed calm in the front of the classroom, urging all the students ____________(rush) out of the classroom as quickly as possible.
(2)There is an ________(urge) need for food and shelter for these homeless people.
(3)I decided that if I learnt of a company which used a lot of plastic, I’d send it an e–mail ________(urge) it to cut back.
【答案】(1)to rush　
(2)urgent　
(3)urging/to urge
(4)With the development of China, it is urged that __________ __________________ without difficulty. Hence, anyone _________ ___________ can register for our Spoken English Club.
随着中国的发展，年轻人被敦促应毫无困难地与外国人交流。因此，任何渴望说流利英语的人都可以报名参加我们的英语口语俱乐部。
【答案】(4)the young (should) communicate with foreigners;
who has/feels an urge to speak fluent English
选择性必修四
Unit 1
Science Fiction
Vocabulary

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