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(共20张PPT)
UNIT 4　Breaking boundaries
(单元主题语境：人与社会——打破边界)
Section Ⅱ　Using language
it作形式主语
[观察]
1．But it is vital not to take any chances.
2．It is important to remember that Ebola doesn't respect national boundaries.
3．It is so inspiring to have colleagues like Wilton ...
4．It is no use crying over spilt milk.
5．It is no good sighing about your failure；you'd better start again.
6．It makes me angry that he doesn't study hard.
7．It is not clear whether they consider this opinion or not.
[探究]
1．以上句子中，句1、2、3中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的_______________。
2．句4、5中的it代替的真正的主语是________________。
3．句6、7中的it代替的真正的主语是由______________引导的从句。
动词不定式
动名词(短语)
that或whether
英语中有时为了保持句子结构平衡，避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，此时it没有具体的意义，只是帮助把真正的主语移到句子后面，使句子显得平衡一些。it作形式主语时，可以代替三种形式：动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)和主语从句。
一、it 代替动词不定式(短语)作形式主语
[感知]
1．It is everyone's duty to obey the law.
遵守法律是每个人的义务。
2．It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese.
对于一个外国人来说，学习汉语是困难的。
3．It was foolish of him to give up the job.(＝ He was foolish to give up the job.)
他放弃那份工作的行为是愚蠢的。
[归纳]
it代替动词不定式(短语)作形式主语的常见句型：
①It＋be＋形容词＋(for/of sb.) to do sth.
②It＋be＋名词＋to do sth.
③It takes sb.some time to do sth.做某事花了某人多长时间。
④It's up to sb.to do sth.做某事是某人的职责或义务；由某人决定做某事。
二、it 代替动名词(短语)作形式主语
[感知]
1．It is no use having a car if you can't drive.
如果你不会开车，有车也没用。
2．It is a waste of time watching TV.
看电视浪费时间。
[归纳]
it代替动名词短语作形式主语的常见句型：
It's no use/no good/no fun/useless/a waste of time doing sth.做某事没有用/没有好处/没有意思/没有用/浪费时间。
三、it 代替主语从句作形式主语
[感知]
1．It was a pity that the engineer couldn't come.
可惜工程师没能来。
2．It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.
她是否能来还不确定。
3．It is certain that he will win.
他一定会取胜。
4．It was obvious that the child had been badly treated.
那个孩子很显然受过虐待。
5．It is hoped that the number of deer will greatly increase very soon.(＝People hope that the number of deer will greatly increase very soon.)
人们希望鹿的数量不久就能大幅增加。
6．It happened that I wasn't there that day.
那天我恰好不在那里。
7．It doesn't matter whether he comes or not.
他来不来都没有关系。
[归纳]
1．主语从句根据需要可以用连词that引导，也可以用连接代词或连接副词引导。
2．it代替从句作形式主语的常见句型：
(1)It＋be＋名词(a pity/a shame/a fact/an honour/good news/no wonder/a wonder/...)＋从句
(2)It＋be＋形容词(strange/natural/surprising/obvious/true/fortunate/ wonderful/funny/clear/ possible/impossible/likely/unlikely/unusual/certain/ important/...)＋从句
(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/reported/announced/decided/expected/hoped/ known/believed/...)＋that从句
(4)其他固定句式
①It happened/turned out/suddenly struck me/occurred to sb.＋that从句
②It doesn't matter＋连接代词或副词引导从句
③It doesn't make too much difference＋连接代词或副词引导的从句
It is requested that he (should) give a performance at the party.
有人要求他在聚会上表演一个节目。
It is ordered that the radio (should) be sent there at once.
有人命令立即把收音机送到那里。
[即练]
完成句子
1．真可惜，这场雨把我们的野餐给搅黄了。
________________ that the rain spoiled our picnic.
2．你今天去也好，明天去也好，影响不大。
It won't make much difference ________________________________．
3．我们应当互相学习，互相帮助，这是很重要的。
It is important that __________________________ and help each other.
It is a shame/pity
whether you go today or tomorrow
we should learn from each other
4．我突然想起我还没有完成家庭作业。
_________________ that I didn't finish my homework.
5．据报道，在那次公共汽车事故中有二十多人丧生。
______________ that more than twenty people were dead in that bus accident.
It occurred to me
It is reported
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I 1.____________(study) English for six years.It was difficult for me 2.___________(remember) new words first.I tried every means，but it was no use 3.________(recite) them over and over again.It was very kind of you 4.________(offer) me some suggestions.It is necessary 5.________________ (understand) their meanings in sentences.It is no wonder 6.____ your English
have studied
to remember
reciting
to offer
to understand
that
is so good.It is requested that everyone 7.___________________(master) proper methods of learning.8.___ was a shame that I hadn't asked you for help earlier. I will try my best to improve my English.9.___ is hoped that I will pass the TOEFL and have a chance to study abroad.Thanks for your help.I would be grateful 10. ___ you could give me a reply soon.
(should) master
It
It
if

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