资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 6 Crossing cultures
课时3 Section A Grammar focus 4a-4c分层作业
核心知识速记 01基础达标 02能力提升 03拓展培优 04思维进阶
1.基础达标
一、单词默写。
1. ____________ [ k lt ] adj. 文化的 2. ____________ [ p s nl] adj. 个人的
3. ____________ [ kj ri s] adj. 好奇的 4. ____________ [d sk v (r)] v. 发现
5. ____________ [ f ml] adj. 正式的 6. ____________ [s pra zd] adj. 感到惊讶的
7. ____________ [s pra z ] adj. 令人惊讶的 8. ____________ [ m b r st] adj. 感到尴尬的
9. ____________ [ m b r s ] adj. 令人尴尬的 10. ____________ [ ntr st d] adj. 感兴趣的
11. ____________ [ ntr st ] adj. 有趣的 12. ____________ [w ns] conj. 一旦
13. ____________ [ n les] conj. 除非 14. ____________ [ z su n z] conj. 一……就……
【答案】culture ; personal ; curious; discover; formal; surprised; surprising; embarrassed; embarrassing; interested; interesting; once; unless; as soon as
短语默写。
1. 下飞机 ____________________ 2. 习惯于 ____________________
3. 足够的空间 ____________________ 4. 站得离某人近 ____________________
5. 脱鞋 ____________________ 6. 把筷子插在饭里 ____________________
7. 准时 ____________________ 8. 名字 ____________________
9. 邀请某人做某事 ____________________ 10. 文化冲击 ____________________
11. 个人空间 ____________________ 12. 一旦我习惯了它 ____________________
【答案】1. get off the plane；2. be used to；3. plenty of space；4. stand close to someone；5. take off your shoes；6. stick chopsticks into rice；7. on time；8. first name；9. invite someone to do；10. culture shock
11. personal space；12. once I was used to it
三、根据要求完成句子
1. 那太正式了，以至于我们现在不这样做。
That’s ______ formal ______ we don’t do it these days.
2. 除非主人让你带，否则不要带食物。
Don’t bring food ______ the host asks you to.
3. 在日本，我们一见到老师就鞠躬。
In Japan, we bow ______ ______ ______ we meet a teacher.
4. 我一在秘鲁下飞机就经历了这个。
I experienced this ______ ______ ______ I got off the plane in Peru.
5. 你的鞠躬让我感到惊讶。
I was ______ by your bow.
6. 那太令人惊讶了！
That’s ______!
7. 别看起来那么尴尬！
Don’t look so ______!
8. 但这很尴尬！
But it is ______!
9. 我变得对学习那里的文化更加好奇和感兴趣。
I became more curious and ______ in learning about the culture.
10. 发现这样的文化差异真有趣！
It’s so ______ to discover cultural differences like this!
11. 在土耳其，除非他们是好朋友，否则人们不会亲吻对方的脸颊。
In Türkiye, people don’t kiss one another on the cheek ______ they are good friends.
12. 在墨西哥，除非对方邀请你，否则不要使用对方的名字。
In Mexico, don’t use someone’s first name ______ the person invites you to do so.
13. 迟到如此普遍，以至于你应该耐心。
Being late is ______ common ______ you should be patient.
14. 把筷子插在饭碗里是如此粗鲁，以至于你应该避免这样做。
Sticking chopsticks into a bowl of rice is ______ rude ______ you should avoid it.
15. 我们不会站得离某人很近，除非我们非常了解他们。
We don’t stand close to someone ______ we know them very well.
【答案】1. so; that；2. unless；3. as soon as；4. as soon as；5. surprised；6. surprising；7. embarrassed
8. embarrassing；9. interested；10. interesting；11. unless；12. unless；13. so; that；14. so; that；15. unless
请根据所给的首字母写出单词，使句子意思完整正确。
1. The new culture is so d____________ from your own that you may feel surprised.
2. In Japan, people bow as s____________ as they meet a teacher.
3. Don't bring food u____________ the host asks you to.
4. That's so f____________ that we don't do it these days.
5. I was s____________ by your bow. It's not common in my country.
6. The story about the cow walking in front of the car was really s____________!
7. Don't look so e____________! Everyone makes mistakes.
8. I became more i____________ in learning about Indian culture after the trip.
【答案】1. different；2. soon；3. unless；4. formal；5. surprised；6. surprising；7. embarrassed；8. interested五 、同义句转换。
1. The new culture is so different that you may feel surprised.
→ The new culture is different ______ ______ you may feel surprised.
2. Don't bring food if the host doesn't ask you to.
→ Don't bring food ______ the host asks you to.
3. In Japan, we bow immediately when we meet a teacher.
→ In Japan, we bow ______ ______ ______ we meet a teacher.
4. Being late is very common. You should be patient.
→ Being late is ______ common ______ you should be patient.
5. Sticking chopsticks into rice is very rude. You should avoid it.
→ Sticking chopsticks into rice is ______ rude ______ you should avoid it.
【答案】1. enough; that；2. unless；3. as soon as；4. so; that；5. so; that
六 、补全对话。
（1）A: Do you ever bow in your country
B: No, that's so f____________ that we don't do it these days.
（2）A: Should I bring something to the dinner
B: Bring a small gift, but don't bring food u____________ the host asks you to.
（3）A: How did you feel when you saw people eating with their hands
B: I was really s____________! It's not common in my culture.
（4）A: Why do you look so e____________
B: Because I used my left hand to eat. I didn't know it was rude!
（5）A: Did you enjoy your trip to India
B: Yes! I became more i____________ in learning about their customs.
【答案】1. formal；2. unless；3. surprised；4. embarrassed；5. interested
2.能力提升
七 、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1. I was ____________ (surprise) by your bow. We don't do that here.
2. That's ____________ (surprise)! I didn't know cows could walk anywhere.
3. Don't look so ____________ (embarrass). Everyone makes mistakes.
4. It was ____________ (embarrass) when I used my left hand to eat.
5. I became ____________ (interest) in learning about Indian culture.
6. It's so ____________ (interest) to discover cultural differences!
7. The story was so ____________ (excite) that I couldn't stop reading.
8. She felt ____________ (excite) when she heard about the trip to India.
【答案】1. surprised；2. surprising；3. embarrassed；4. embarrassing；5. interested；6. interesting；7. exciting；8. excited
八、选词填空。
从方框中选择正确选项，完成短文，其中有两 个选项是多余的。
A．by B．expected C． useful D．slowly E. exciting F. the G. relaxed H. making I. friend’s J. studied K. but L. unless
Different people have different feelings about the same manners. I have 1 some useful manners in the past few months.
Colombians are 2 about time. They enjoy spending time with their family and friends 3 . So your friend won’t mind if you are a little late when you are invited to dinner. To be a polite visitor, you should shake hands with your friend or kiss your 4 cheek there.
However, you should be on time when you meet friends in Switzerland. After all, it’s 5 country of clocks and watches. You are 6 to leave home early to avoid arriving late. Your friends may be unhappy if you are late. Also, you should never go to Swiss friends’ homes 7 you tell them first. The local people are used to 8 plans to see friends. They usually plan their visit 9 calling or sending an e-mail to their friends. They greet each other in the same way as Colombians.
In a word, it’s 10 to learn about manners in different countries. It helps people know the customs in foreign countries well and behave politely.
【答案】
1．J 2．G 3．D 4．I 5．F 6．B 7．L 8．H 9．A 10．C
【解析】
【导语】本文主要介绍了不同国家的社交礼仪存在差异，例如哥伦比亚人对时间较随性，重视亲友相处，而瑞士人则强调守时和提前预约，了解这些文化差异有助于在跨国交往中表现得体。
1．句意：在过去的几个月里，我学习了一些有用的礼仪。根据“I have ... some useful manners in the past few months”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“学习了一些有用的礼仪”；in the past few months是现在完成时的标志，studied是study的过去分词，意为“学习”，符合语境。故选J。
2．句意：哥伦比亚人对时间很随性。根据“Colombians are ... about time. They enjoy spending time with their family and friends ... So your friend won’t mind if you are a little late”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“对时间很随性”；relaxed意为“放松的”，be relaxed about是固定搭配，意为“对……放松”。故选G。
3．句意：他们喜欢慢慢地和家人、朋友共度时光。根据“They enjoy spending time with their family and friends ... ”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“慢慢地度过时光”；slowly意为“慢慢地”，修饰动词spending，符合语境。故选D。
4．句意：要成为一个有礼貌的访客，你应该和朋友握手，或者亲吻你朋友的脸颊。根据“kiss your ... cheek there”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“朋友的脸颊”；friend’s是friend的名词所有格，意为“朋友的”，修饰名词cheek，符合语境。故选I。
5．句意：毕竟，它是钟表之国。根据“it’s ... country of clocks and watches”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“钟表之国”；the用于特指这个国家，符合语境。故选F。
6．句意：你应该早点出门，避免迟到。根据“You are ... to leave home early to avoid arriving late”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“应该早点出门”；be expected to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“被期望做某事、应该做某事”，expected符合语境。故选B。
7．句意：另外，除非你先告诉他们，否则你永远不要去瑞士朋友家。根据“you should never go to Swiss friends’ homes ... you tell them first”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“除非事先告知”；unless意为“除非”，引导条件状语从句，符合语境。故填unless。故填L。
8．句意：当地人习惯制定拜访朋友的计划。根据“The local people are used to ... plans to see friends”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“习惯制定计划”；be used to doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“习惯做某事”，making是make的动名词形式，意为“制定”，符合语境和语法。故选H。
9．句意：他们通常通过打电话或发电子邮件给朋友来计划拜访。根据“They usually plan their visit ... calling or sending an e-mail to their friends”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“通过打电话或发电子邮件”；by意为“通过……（方式）”，后接动名词，符合语境。故选A。
10．句意：总之，了解不同国家的礼仪是有用的。根据“it’s ... to learn about manners in different countries”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“有用的”；“it’s + adj. + to do sth.”是固定句型，useful意为“有用的”，符合语境。故选C。
3.拓展培优
九、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
All societies have customs about how to eat politely. In English, we call these customs “table manners”. Based on cultures and locations, table manners can be quite different from place to place. 1
In some cultures, it’s polite to serve food to guests. 2 That’s because it makes the guests feel like they are being forced to eat.
In most East Asian countries, people use chopsticks at the table. 3 Do you know that in some places people simply use their hands to eat And in some places, only their right hands
In Russia, it’s polite to leave a bit of food on the plate to show the host that there was plenty to eat. But in India, people think finishing the food on the plate is polite. 4 In France, it is impolite to say you’re full. If you don’t want any more food, you should just say, “That was delicious.”
5 So when you visit another place or another country, take the time to learn about the local customs and table manners. Remember: When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
A．It means you enjoyed the food.
B．However, people don’t do this in other cultures.
C．Here are some examples of table manners.
D．In most Western countries, people usually eat with a knife and fork.
E．You will find different table manners and customs around the world.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“餐桌礼仪”的概念，并通过举例说明，不同文化和地区的餐桌礼仪存在显著差异，最后强调“入乡随俗”的重要性。
1．根据上文“Based on cultures and locations, table manners can be quite different from place to place.”可知，上文总述“餐桌礼仪因地而异”，而下文开始列举不同文化的具体例子，因此这里需要一个承上启下的过渡句，引出下文的例子，选项C“这里有一些关于餐桌礼仪的例子。”符合这一逻辑。故选C。
2．根据上文“In some cultures, it’s polite to serve food to guests.”和下文“That’s because it makes the guests feel like they are being forced to eat.”可知，在某些文化中，给客人夹菜是礼貌的，下文解释“这会让客人感觉被强迫进食”，说明在其他文化中这种行为并不被接受，选项B“然而，在其他文化中人们不会这样做。”中的转折词“However”完美衔接了这种对比，符合语境。故选B。
3．根据上文“In most East Asian countries, people use chopsticks at the table.”和下文“Do you know that in some places people simply use their hands to eat ”可知，上文提到“大多数东亚国家使用筷子”，下文又提到“有些地方用手吃饭”，选项D“在大多数西方国家，人们通常用刀叉吃饭。”介绍了西方国家使用刀叉的习惯，与东亚的筷子形成对比，使餐具使用方式的举例更全面。故选D。
4．根据上文“But in India, people think finishing the food on the plate is polite.”可知，在印度，人们认为吃完盘子里的食物是礼貌的，选项A“这意味着你很喜欢这道菜。”解释了这种行为的含义，逻辑上是对前一句的补充说明。故选A。
5．前文列举了大量不同文化的餐桌礼仪，此处作为结尾段的开头，需要对前文内容进行总结，选项E“你会在世界各地发现不同的餐桌礼仪和习俗。”起到了总结作用，并引出后文“入乡随俗”的建议。故选E。
十、阅读理解。
What things are acceptable when you are at the dinner table and what things are serious breaches (违反) of manners
I will tell you some of the most important American table manners. When you sit down to eat, you should place the napkin (餐巾) across your lap. You should never talk with your mouth full and should chew (咀嚼) with your mouth closed. If someone asks you a question while you are chewing, you should finish chewing and then swallow the food before answering. You should never drop scraps (残羹剩饭) on the table. Instead, place them on a spare plate. Besides, only put food on someone else’s plate if they ask for it. And if they say they don’t want anything else to eat or drink, then you shouldn’t give them anything else. Never use your knife or fork to point at others because it is rude.
In China, I know it’s rude to point with your chopsticks. It’s common practice to place food into friends’ bowls and to put drinks in their glasses even after they have said they don’t want any more. It’s fine to drop the scraps onto the table. Besides, talking while you’re eating is okay.
Manners are different all over the world and can even be different in different parts of a country. Have you ever seen foreigners do anything impolite Is there anything you have done that they might see as impolite
1．What should you do first when you sit down to eat in America
A．Give thanks. B．Clean the tableware(餐具).
C．Take a photo of the food. D．Place the napkin on the lap.
2．What does the underlined word “swallow” probably mean in Chinese in Paragraph 2
A．吞下 B．消化 C．吐掉 D．吸收
3．What can we know from the passage
A．American people don’t talk with others at the dinner table.
B．It is common to place food into a friend’s bowl in America.
C．American people like asking others to eat as much as possible.
D．It is rude to point with the tableware in America and in China.
4．What is the structure of the passage (P-Paragraph)
A． B． C． D．
5．What is the best title for the passage
A．Table Manners in America
B．How to Behave Well in China
C．American and Chinese Table Manners
D．Manners All over the World
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，通过对比的方式介绍了美国和中国的餐桌礼仪，并指出世界各地礼仪的差异。
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“When you sit down to eat, you should place the napkin (餐巾) across your lap.”可知，在美国，当你坐下吃饭时，首先应该把餐巾放在膝盖上。故选D。
2．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“If someone asks you a question while you are chewing, you should finish chewing and then swallow the food before answering.”可知，如果有人在你咀嚼时问你问题，你应该在回答之前先咀嚼完，然后吞下食物。因此，“swallow”意为“吞下”。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Never use your knife or fork to point at others because it is rude.”和第三段“In China, I know it’s rude to point with your chopsticks.”可知，在美国和中国，用餐具指着别人都是不礼貌的。故选D。
4．篇章结构题。文章首先介绍了美国餐桌礼仪，接着对比介绍了中国餐桌礼仪，最后总结了世界各地礼仪的差异。因此，文章结构为“总-分-总”结构。故选B。
5．最佳标题题。文章通过对比的方式介绍了美国和中国的餐桌礼仪，并指出世界各地礼仪的差异。因此，最佳标题为“美国和中国的餐桌礼仪”。故选C。
十一、任务型阅读。
Different countries have different expressions to show affection (喜爱). In some countries, it is common for people to show affection in public places, In the United States, for example, we often see couples hold hands, hug or kiss in the street, in the park, in restaurants, and even on trains and buses! However, in some countries, people never show affection in public places because their customs don’t allow this, for example, in China and India. So, when Chinese and Indian people visit the United States, they often feel very surprised when they see Americans hug and kiss in the street.
In some countries, friends show physical affection to each other. In some South American countries, female (女性的) friends walk arm in arm when they walk along the street together. In Italy and Russia, male (男性的) friends often kiss each other on both cheeks when they greet. In most cultures, men don’t kiss or hug when they greet one another.
If you want to take a trip in other countries, it is wise to learn about some of their customs early so that you can behave politely. In this way, you can have a wonderful trip.
1. According to Paragraph 1, we can know different expressions to 1 . (不超过10词)
2–4. Fill in the blanks according to the passage.
Ways to Show Affection
Couples in America Holding hands, hugging or kissing almost 2 . (仅填1词)
People in 3 (不超过5词) Being not allowed to show affection in public places according to their customs.
Female friends in some South American countries Walking arm in arm.
Male friends in Italy and Russia 4 . (不超过8词)
5. How do you usually show your affection to your friends in public (结合自身实际，不超过20词) 5_____
【答案】1．show affection 2．everywhere 3．China and India 4．Kissing each other on both cheeks 5．开放性试题，言之有理即可。参考答案为：I usually hug my friends or give them a high-five in public.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了不同国家表达喜爱的不同方式。
1．根据第一段“Different countries have different expressions to show affection.”可知，不同的国家有不同的表达喜爱的方式。故填show affection。
2．根据第一段“In the United States, for example, we often see couples hold hands, hug or kiss in the street, in the park, in restaurants, and even on trains and buses!”可知，美国的情侣几乎在任何地方都会牵手、拥抱或亲吻，“到处；任何地方”译为“everywhere”。故填everywhere。
3．根据第一段“However, in some countries, people never show affection in public places because their customs don’t allow this, for example, in China and India.”可知，中国和印度的习俗不允许人们在公共场合表达喜爱。故填China and India。
4．根据第二段“In Italy and Russia, male friends often kiss each other on both cheeks when they greet.”可知，意大利和俄罗斯的男性朋友见面时经常亲吻彼此的双颊，且需控制在8词内，故填Kissing each other on both cheeks。
5．题目要求结合自身实际，回答在公共场合如何向朋友表达喜爱，需控制在20词内。开放性试题，言之有理即可。参考答案为：I usually hug my friends or give them a high-five in public.
十二、完形填空。
Hi Diana,
It’s so great to hear from you. Life in Paris is pretty good! I was a little lonely at first, but I'm starting to make some friends. They helped me to learn more about the customs here after I had some 1 experiences at a party last month. I’d like to share some tips with you.
First, you shouldn’t arrive 2 to a party. It’s normal to be on time or a few minutes late, but arriving early can cause problems. Once, I arrived 10 minutes early to a party. Usually that’s the polite thing to do, right But my friend looked so 3 to see me! He was still getting everything ready.
Second, it’s important to 4 a gift when you visit someone. When I attended my friend’s party, I didn’t bring anything. It wasn’t his birthday, but everyone else brought gifts like chocolates or flowers to 5 him for the party. I was so embarrassed!
Third, you should always try to dress for the occasion. At that party it was surprising to see how nicely everyone was 6 . It was summer, so I was just wearing a simple blouse and shorts. But everyone else was dressed so well that I felt silly.
Fourth, it’s best not to ask 7 questions unless you know the person quite well. Many French people are quite private. They don’t like it when others ask them about their age, their family, whether they are married, or how much money they 8 . Food and culture, however, are safe conversation 9 .
Last but not least, make sure you use French whenever you can. Lots of people speak English here, but you can develop closer relationships with them if you use French. It’s very important in their 10 . I found that even a simple “merci” goes a long way!
1．A．embarrassing B．embarrassed C．excite
2．A．early B．late C．quickly
3．A．happy B．surprised C．excited
4．A．bring B．take C．carry
5．A．goodbye B．hello C．thank
6．A．dressed B．dress C．dressing
7．A．personal B．public C．common
8．A．take B．make C．do
9．A．topics B．title C．subject
10．A．city B．country C．culture
【答案】
1．A 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．C
【解析】
【导语】本文是Laura写给Diana的一封信，分享她在巴黎生活中学到的社交礼仪 tips，包括准时、带礼物、着装得体、避免私人问题和使用法语等方面。
1．句意：在我上个月在派对上经历了一些尴尬的事情之后，他们帮助我更多地了解了这里的习俗。
空处修饰experiences，表示“令人尴尬的经历”，应用-ing形容词embarrassing。embarrassed形容人感到尴尬，excite动词“使兴奋”，均不符。
2．句意：首先，你不应该早到派对。
根据下文“arriving early can cause problems”可知，不应早到，early“早”符合。late“晚”和quickly“快速地”与下文逻辑不符。
3．句意：但我的朋友看到我时显得那么惊讶！
根据下文“He was still getting everything ready”他还在准备，可知看到作者早到感到惊讶，surprised“惊讶的”符合。happy“开心的”和excited“兴奋的”与语境不符。
4．句意：其次，拜访他人时带礼物很重要。
根据下文提到带礼物，bring“带来”符合。take“拿走”方向相反，carry“搬运”不用于社交场合。
5．句意：但其他人都带了巧克力或花之类的礼物来感谢他举办派对。
根据语境，带礼物是为了感谢主人，thank“感谢”符合。goodbye“再见”和hello“你好”与语境无关。
6．句意：在那次派对上，看到每个人都穿得那么漂亮，真是令人惊讶。
空前was与空处构成被动语态，应用过去分词dressed“穿着”。dress动词原形，dressing现在分词，均不能与was构成被动。
7．句意：第四，最好不要问私人问题，除非你和那个人很熟。
根据下文“Many French people are quite private”法国人注重隐私，可知是私人问题，personal“私人的”符合。public“公共的”和common“普通的”与语境相反。
8．句意：他们不喜欢别人问他们的年龄、家庭、是否结婚或挣多少钱。
make money“赚钱”为固定搭配。take和do不能与money构成此搭配。
9．句意：然而，食物和文化是安全的话题。
根据上文提到安全，可知是聊天话题，topics“话题”符合。title“标题”和subject“科目”与语境不符。
10．句意：这在他们的文化中非常重要。
根据全文讲述法国社交礼仪，可知是他们的文化，culture“文化”符合。city“城市”和country“国家”范围过窄。
4.思维进阶
My First Day in Mexico
Part 1: Read and Explore
Last summer, I went to Mexico as an exchange student. I was so excited that I could hardly sleep the night before. But as soon as I arrived, I realized that things would be different from what I expected.
On my first day, my host family took me to a welcome party. There were many friendly people, and they all wanted to talk to me. At first, everything seemed fine. But then, something embarrassing happened.
A young man came up to me and gave me a big hug. I was so surprised that I didn't know what to do. In my country, we don't usually hug people unless we know them very well. I just stood there, feeling awkward. The man noticed and laughed. "In Mexico, we hug friends as soon as we meet them!" he explained.
Later, I met an old woman. She kissed me on the cheek. I was shocked! But I tried to hide my feelings. My host sister saw my face and smiled. "Don't look so surprised!" she said. "It's normal here. You'll get used to it."
During the party, I also learned about Mexican food. They served tacos with spicy sauce. I took a big bite, and my mouth was on fire! It was so spicy that I started drinking water immediately. Everyone laughed, but in a kind way. "The sauce is really hot, isn't it " someone said.
By the end of the party, I felt less nervous. I even tried to hug a few people goodbye. It was still a little strange, but I was getting used to it.
That night, I wrote in my diary: "Today was so surprising that I will never forget it. I felt embarrassed, shocked, and even a little scared. But now I understand: different cultures have different ways of showing friendliness. It's interesting to learn about them. I can't wait to discover more!"
Task 1: Understanding Facts
1. How did the writer feel before going to Mexico
A. Nervous and scared.
B. So excited that he could hardly sleep.
C. Not interested in the trip.
2. What happened when a young man greeted the writer
A. He shook hands with the writer.
B. He gave the writer a big hug.
C. He bowed to the writer.
3. Why was the writer surprised by the hug
A. Because it was too formal.
B. Because in his country, people don't hug unless they know someone well.
C. Because he didn't like hugs.
4. How did the writer feel after eating the spicy taco
A. He felt happy.
B. He felt so spicy that he drank water immediately.
C. He felt angry.
Task 2: Fill in the Blanks
Complete the sentences with the correct words from the box. Each word can be used only once.
（从方框中选择正确的单词完成句子，每个单词限用一次。）
surprised ，surprising ，embarrassed ， embarrassing ， unless ，as soon as ， so ... that
1. The writer was ____________ when the young man hugged him.
2. The welcome party was ____________ different from his culture ____________ he felt nervous.
3. In the writer's country, people don't hug ____________ they know someone very well.
4. The writer wrote in his diary that the day was so ____________ he would never forget it.
Task 3: Real-Life Connection
Complete the following sentences with your own experiences or ideas. Use the grammar points from this unit (so...that, unless, as soon as, -ed/-ing adjectives).
（用你自己的经历或想法完成下列句子。使用本单元的语法点：so...that, unless, as soon as, -ed/-ing形容词。）
1. The first time I tried a new food from another culture, I was so ____________ that .
2. In my city, people don't usually ____________ unless_____________________ .
3. ____________ as soon as I . It was really ____________ (surprising/surprised)!
4. I think it's ____________ (interesting/interested) to learn about different cultures because ________________.
【参考答案】
Task 1:
1. B；2. B；3. B；4. B
Task 2 :
1. surprised；2. so; that；3. unless；4. surprising
Task 3: (Sample answer)
1. The first time I tried a new food from another culture, I was so surprised that I didn't know how to eat it.
我第一次尝试另一种文化的新食物时，我如此惊讶，以至于我不知道怎么吃它。
2. In my city, people don't usually hug each other unless they are family members.
在我的城市，人们通常不会互相拥抱，除非他们是家人。
3. I started learning about Indian culture as soon as I watched a documentary about it. It was really interesting!
我一看了一部关于印度的纪录片，就开始学习印度文化。这真的很有趣！
4. I think it's interesting to learn about different cultures because every culture has its own special customs and traditions.
我认为了解不同的文化很有趣，因为每种文化都有自己特别的习俗和传统。
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Unit 6 Crossing cultures
课时3 Section A Grammar focus 4a-4c分层作业
核心知识速记 01基础达标 02能力提升 03拓展培优 04思维进阶
1.基础达标
一、单词默写。
1. ____________ [ k lt ] adj. 文化的 2. ____________ [ p s nl] adj. 个人的
3. ____________ [ kj ri s] adj. 好奇的 4. ____________ [d sk v (r)] v. 发现
5. ____________ [ f ml] adj. 正式的 6. ____________ [s pra zd] adj. 感到惊讶的
7. ____________ [s pra z ] adj. 令人惊讶的 8. ____________ [ m b r st] adj. 感到尴尬的
9. ____________ [ m b r s ] adj. 令人尴尬的 10. ____________ [ ntr st d] adj. 感兴趣的
11. ____________ [ ntr st ] adj. 有趣的 12. ____________ [w ns] conj. 一旦
13. ____________ [ n les] conj. 除非 14. ____________ [ z su n z] conj. 一……就……
短语默写。
1. 下飞机 ____________________ 2. 习惯于 ____________________
3. 足够的空间 ____________________ 4. 站得离某人近 ____________________
5. 脱鞋 ____________________ 6. 把筷子插在饭里 ____________________
7. 准时 ____________________ 8. 名字 ____________________
9. 邀请某人做某事 ____________________ 10. 文化冲击 ____________________
11. 个人空间 ____________________ 12. 一旦我习惯了它 ____________________
三、根据要求完成句子
1. 那太正式了，以至于我们现在不这样做。
That’s ______ formal ______ we don’t do it these days.
2. 除非主人让你带，否则不要带食物。
Don’t bring food ______ the host asks you to.
3. 在日本，我们一见到老师就鞠躬。
In Japan, we bow ______ ______ ______ we meet a teacher.
4. 我一在秘鲁下飞机就经历了这个。
I experienced this ______ ______ ______ I got off the plane in Peru.
5. 你的鞠躬让我感到惊讶。
I was ______ by your bow.
6. 那太令人惊讶了！
That’s ______!
7. 别看起来那么尴尬！
Don’t look so ______!
8. 但这很尴尬！
But it is ______!
9. 我变得对学习那里的文化更加好奇和感兴趣。
I became more curious and ______ in learning about the culture.
10. 发现这样的文化差异真有趣！
It’s so ______ to discover cultural differences like this!
11. 在土耳其，除非他们是好朋友，否则人们不会亲吻对方的脸颊。
In Türkiye, people don’t kiss one another on the cheek ______ they are good friends.
12. 在墨西哥，除非对方邀请你，否则不要使用对方的名字。
In Mexico, don’t use someone’s first name ______ the person invites you to do so.
13. 迟到如此普遍，以至于你应该耐心。
Being late is ______ common ______ you should be patient.
14. 把筷子插在饭碗里是如此粗鲁，以至于你应该避免这样做。
Sticking chopsticks into a bowl of rice is ______ rude ______ you should avoid it.
15. 我们不会站得离某人很近，除非我们非常了解他们。
We don’t stand close to someone ______ we know them very well.
请根据所给的首字母写出单词，使句子意思完整正确。
1. The new culture is so d____________ from your own that you may feel surprised.
2. In Japan, people bow as s____________ as they meet a teacher.
3. Don't bring food u____________ the host asks you to.
4. That's so f____________ that we don't do it these days.
5. I was s____________ by your bow. It's not common in my country.
6. The story about the cow walking in front of the car was really s____________!
7. Don't look so e____________! Everyone makes mistakes.
8. I became more i____________ in learning about Indian culture after the trip.
五 、同义句转换。
1. The new culture is so different that you may feel surprised.
→ The new culture is different ______ ______ you may feel surprised.
2. Don't bring food if the host doesn't ask you to.
→ Don't bring food ______ the host asks you to.
3. In Japan, we bow immediately when we meet a teacher.
→ In Japan, we bow ______ ______ ______ we meet a teacher.
4. Being late is very common. You should be patient.
→ Being late is ______ common ______ you should be patient.
5. Sticking chopsticks into rice is very rude. You should avoid it.
→ Sticking chopsticks into rice is ______ rude ______ you should avoid it.
六 、补全对话。
（1）A: Do you ever bow in your country
B: No, that's so f____________ that we don't do it these days.
（2）A: Should I bring something to the dinner
B: Bring a small gift, but don't bring food u____________ the host asks you to.
（3）A: How did you feel when you saw people eating with their hands
B: I was really s____________! It's not common in my culture.
（4）A: Why do you look so e____________
B: Because I used my left hand to eat. I didn't know it was rude!
（5）A: Did you enjoy your trip to India
B: Yes! I became more i____________ in learning about their customs.
2.能力提升
七 、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1. I was ____________ (surprise) by your bow. We don't do that here.
2. That's ____________ (surprise)! I didn't know cows could walk anywhere.
3. Don't look so ____________ (embarrass). Everyone makes mistakes.
4. It was ____________ (embarrass) when I used my left hand to eat.
5. I became ____________ (interest) in learning about Indian culture.
6. It's so ____________ (interest) to discover cultural differences!
7. The story was so ____________ (excite) that I couldn't stop reading.
8. She felt ____________ (excite) when she heard about the trip to India.
八、选词填空。
从方框中选择正确选项，完成短文，其中有两 个选项是多余的。
A．by B．expected C． useful D．slowly E. exciting F. the G. relaxed H. making I. friend’s J. studied K. but L. unless
Different people have different feelings about the same manners. I have 1 some useful manners in the past few months.
Colombians are 2 about time. They enjoy spending time with their family and friends 3 . So your friend won’t mind if you are a little late when you are invited to dinner. To be a polite visitor, you should shake hands with your friend or kiss your 4 cheek there.
However, you should be on time when you meet friends in Switzerland. After all, it’s 5 country of clocks and watches. You are 6 to leave home early to avoid arriving late. Your friends may be unhappy if you are late. Also, you should never go to Swiss friends’ homes 7 you tell them first. The local people are used to 8 plans to see friends. They usually plan their visit 9 calling or sending an e-mail to their friends. They greet each other in the same way as Colombians.
In a word, it’s 10 to learn about manners in different countries. It helps people know the customs in foreign countries well and behave politely.
3.拓展培优
九、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
All societies have customs about how to eat politely. In English, we call these customs “table manners”. Based on cultures and locations, table manners can be quite different from place to place. 1
In some cultures, it’s polite to serve food to guests. 2 That’s because it makes the guests feel like they are being forced to eat.
In most East Asian countries, people use chopsticks at the table. 3 Do you know that in some places people simply use their hands to eat And in some places, only their right hands
In Russia, it’s polite to leave a bit of food on the plate to show the host that there was plenty to eat. But in India, people think finishing the food on the plate is polite. 4 In France, it is impolite to say you’re full. If you don’t want any more food, you should just say, “That was delicious.”
5 So when you visit another place or another country, take the time to learn about the local customs and table manners. Remember: When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
A．It means you enjoyed the food.
B．However, people don’t do this in other cultures.
C．Here are some examples of table manners.
D．In most Western countries, people usually eat with a knife and fork.
E．You will find different table manners and customs around the world.
十、阅读理解。
What things are acceptable when you are at the dinner table and what things are serious breaches (违反) of manners
I will tell you some of the most important American table manners. When you sit down to eat, you should place the napkin (餐巾) across your lap. You should never talk with your mouth full and should chew (咀嚼) with your mouth closed. If someone asks you a question while you are chewing, you should finish chewing and then swallow the food before answering. You should never drop scraps (残羹剩饭) on the table. Instead, place them on a spare plate. Besides, only put food on someone else’s plate if they ask for it. And if they say they don’t want anything else to eat or drink, then you shouldn’t give them anything else. Never use your knife or fork to point at others because it is rude.
In China, I know it’s rude to point with your chopsticks. It’s common practice to place food into friends’ bowls and to put drinks in their glasses even after they have said they don’t want any more. It’s fine to drop the scraps onto the table. Besides, talking while you’re eating is okay.
Manners are different all over the world and can even be different in different parts of a country. Have you ever seen foreigners do anything impolite Is there anything you have done that they might see as impolite
1．What should you do first when you sit down to eat in America
A．Give thanks. B．Clean the tableware(餐具).
C．Take a photo of the food. D．Place the napkin on the lap.
2．What does the underlined word “swallow” probably mean in Chinese in Paragraph 2
A．吞下 B．消化 C．吐掉 D．吸收
3．What can we know from the passage
A．American people don’t talk with others at the dinner table.
B．It is common to place food into a friend’s bowl in America.
C．American people like asking others to eat as much as possible.
D．It is rude to point with the tableware in America and in China.
4．What is the structure of the passage (P-Paragraph)
A． B． C． D．
5．What is the best title for the passage
A．Table Manners in America
B．How to Behave Well in China
C．American and Chinese Table Manners
D．Manners All over the World
十一、任务型阅读。
Different countries have different expressions to show affection (喜爱). In some countries, it is common for people to show affection in public places, In the United States, for example, we often see couples hold hands, hug or kiss in the street, in the park, in restaurants, and even on trains and buses! However, in some countries, people never show affection in public places because their customs don’t allow this, for example, in China and India. So, when Chinese and Indian people visit the United States, they often feel very surprised when they see Americans hug and kiss in the street.
In some countries, friends show physical affection to each other. In some South American countries, female (女性的) friends walk arm in arm when they walk along the street together. In Italy and Russia, male (男性的) friends often kiss each other on both cheeks when they greet. In most cultures, men don’t kiss or hug when they greet one another.
If you want to take a trip in other countries, it is wise to learn about some of their customs early so that you can behave politely. In this way, you can have a wonderful trip.
1. According to Paragraph 1, we can know different expressions to 1 . (不超过10词)
2–4. Fill in the blanks according to the passage.
Ways to Show Affection
Couples in America Holding hands, hugging or kissing almost 2 . (仅填1词)
People in 3 (不超过5词) Being not allowed to show affection in public places according to their customs.
Female friends in some South American countries Walking arm in arm.
Male friends in Italy and Russia 4 . (不超过8词)
5. How do you usually show your affection to your friends in public (结合自身实际，不超过20词) 5_____
十二、完形填空。
Hi Diana,
It’s so great to hear from you. Life in Paris is pretty good! I was a little lonely at first, but I'm starting to make some friends. They helped me to learn more about the customs here after I had some 1 experiences at a party last month. I’d like to share some tips with you.
First, you shouldn’t arrive 2 to a party. It’s normal to be on time or a few minutes late, but arriving early can cause problems. Once, I arrived 10 minutes early to a party. Usually that’s the polite thing to do, right But my friend looked so 3 to see me! He was still getting everything ready.
Second, it’s important to 4 a gift when you visit someone. When I attended my friend’s party, I didn’t bring anything. It wasn’t his birthday, but everyone else brought gifts like chocolates or flowers to 5 him for the party. I was so embarrassed!
Third, you should always try to dress for the occasion. At that party it was surprising to see how nicely everyone was 6 . It was summer, so I was just wearing a simple blouse and shorts. But everyone else was dressed so well that I felt silly.
Fourth, it’s best not to ask 7 questions unless you know the person quite well. Many French people are quite private. They don’t like it when others ask them about their age, their family, whether they are married, or how much money they 8 . Food and culture, however, are safe conversation 9 .
Last but not least, make sure you use French whenever you can. Lots of people speak English here, but you can develop closer relationships with them if you use French. It’s very important in their 10 . I found that even a simple “merci” goes a long way!
1．A．embarrassing B．embarrassed C．excite
2．A．early B．late C．quickly
3．A．happy B．surprised C．excited
4．A．bring B．take C．carry
5．A．goodbye B．hello C．thank
6．A．dressed B．dress C．dressing
7．A．personal B．public C．common
8．A．take B．make C．do
9．A．topics B．title C．subject
10．A．city B．country C．culture
4.思维进阶
My First Day in Mexico
Part 1: Read and Explore
Last summer, I went to Mexico as an exchange student. I was so excited that I could hardly sleep the night before. But as soon as I arrived, I realized that things would be different from what I expected.
On my first day, my host family took me to a welcome party. There were many friendly people, and they all wanted to talk to me. At first, everything seemed fine. But then, something embarrassing happened.
A young man came up to me and gave me a big hug. I was so surprised that I didn't know what to do. In my country, we don't usually hug people unless we know them very well. I just stood there, feeling awkward. The man noticed and laughed. "In Mexico, we hug friends as soon as we meet them!" he explained.
Later, I met an old woman. She kissed me on the cheek. I was shocked! But I tried to hide my feelings. My host sister saw my face and smiled. "Don't look so surprised!" she said. "It's normal here. You'll get used to it."
During the party, I also learned about Mexican food. They served tacos with spicy sauce. I took a big bite, and my mouth was on fire! It was so spicy that I started drinking water immediately. Everyone laughed, but in a kind way. "The sauce is really hot, isn't it " someone said.
By the end of the party, I felt less nervous. I even tried to hug a few people goodbye. It was still a little strange, but I was getting used to it.
That night, I wrote in my diary: "Today was so surprising that I will never forget it. I felt embarrassed, shocked, and even a little scared. But now I understand: different cultures have different ways of showing friendliness. It's interesting to learn about them. I can't wait to discover more!"
Task 1: Understanding Facts
1. How did the writer feel before going to Mexico
A. Nervous and scared.
B. So excited that he could hardly sleep.
C. Not interested in the trip.
2. What happened when a young man greeted the writer
A. He shook hands with the writer.
B. He gave the writer a big hug.
C. He bowed to the writer.
3. Why was the writer surprised by the hug
A. Because it was too formal.
B. Because in his country, people don't hug unless they know someone well.
C. Because he didn't like hugs.
4. How did the writer feel after eating the spicy taco
A. He felt happy.
B. He felt so spicy that he drank water immediately.
C. He felt angry.
Task 2: Fill in the Blanks
Complete the sentences with the correct words from the box. Each word can be used only once.
（从方框中选择正确的单词完成句子，每个单词限用一次。）
surprised ，surprising ，embarrassed ， embarrassing ， unless ，as soon as ， so ... that
1. The writer was ____________ when the young man hugged him.
2. The welcome party was ____________ different from his culture ____________ he felt nervous.
3. In the writer's country, people don't hug ____________ they know someone very well.
4. The writer wrote in his diary that the day was so ____________ he would never forget it.
Task 3: Real-Life Connection
Complete the following sentences with your own experiences or ideas. Use the grammar points from this unit (so...that, unless, as soon as, -ed/-ing adjectives).
（用你自己的经历或想法完成下列句子。使用本单元的语法点：so...that, unless, as soon as, -ed/-ing形容词。）
1. The first time I tried a new food from another culture, I was so ____________ that .
2. In my city, people don't usually ____________ unless_____________________ .
3. ____________ as soon as I . It was really ____________ (surprising/surprised)!
4. I think it's ____________ (interesting/interested) to learn about different cultures because ________________.
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