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(共20张PPT)
必修二
Unit 4 History and Traditions
WHAT’S IN A NAME
名为何物？
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A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots.
—Marcus Garvey
一个不了解自身过往历史、起源与文化的民族，就像一棵没有根的树。
—马库斯·加维
威斯敏斯特宫
Palace of Westminster
英国议会大厦
Houses of Parliament
The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by what these different names mean. So what is the difference between them, if any Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——很多人对这些不同名称的含义感到困惑。如果这些名称有区别的话，那么它们的区别何在？稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。
what引导宾语从句，做介词by的宾语
逐渐了解，慢慢了解
解开这个谜题
are confused by：被……弄糊涂了，对……感到困惑
如果有……的话
V-ing短语充当主语
In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
十六世纪时，邻国威尔士并入英格兰王国。随后，在十八世纪，苏格兰加入了进来，从而诞生了大不列颠王国。十九世纪时，爱尔兰王国加入，一起组成了大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。
加入
不定式做目的状语
不定式做目的状语
Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
最后，在二十世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，这导致了我们如今所看到的全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
脱离，摆脱
导致，造成；结果是=lead to
which引导定语从句
定语从句
Most people just use the shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”, which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.
大多数人只是使用简称：“联合王国”。联合王国的人被称为“英国人”，这意味着联合王国也经常被称为英国或大不列颠。
简称
which引导定语从句
mean后边是省略了that的宾语从句
be referred to as被称为，被称作
The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence. However, they also have some differences.
属于
合作=team up; collaborate;cooperate
known as被称为，以...闻名
分词短语作后置定语
军事防御
that引导定语从句
同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。他们使用同一面国旗（称为“英国国旗”），也拥有相同的货币和军事防御。然而，它们之间仍有诸多区别。
货币，通货
For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems. They also have their own traditions, like their own national days and national dishes. And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup!
例如，英格兰 、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰有不同的教育和法律制度。它们也有各自的传统，比如有自己的国庆节和本国菜肴。它们甚至拥有各自的足球队，参加像“世界杯”之类的赛事！
法律体系
例如=for instance
如=such as=including
The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history. Exploring it can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions. Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by
evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.
英国有着悠久而有趣的历史。探索这段历史能帮助你更深入地了解这个国家及其传统。在英国，几乎无论你走到哪里，你都会被四个不同族群的证据所包围，他们曾在不同时期先后占领了这片土地
被……包围
接管；接手；占领
who引导是定语从句
动名词短语（Ving）作主语
everywhere引导是地点状语从句
贯穿（一段时间）
The first group, the Romans, came in the first century. They built the first towns and roads. Next, the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses.
第一批是罗马人，于公元一世纪进入英国。他们建立了城镇和修建道路。之后是盎格鲁—撒克逊人，于公元五世纪到达英国。他们引入了英语的雏形，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。
引入；引进（新事物）
定语从句，that省略
The Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations across the UK.
维京人于公元八世纪到来，留下了许多新的词汇，并给英国境地内的许多地方命名。
遍及......
留下，余留
地点，位置....
The last group were the Normans. They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system. The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into the English language.
最后一批是诺曼人。十一世纪，在著名的黑斯廷斯战役之后，诺曼人征服了英格兰。他们在四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。诺曼人是法国人，因此法语单词慢慢进入了英语语言中。
have/has/had + 宾语 + 过去分词, 这种结构用来表示“使……被……”
并列，如何判断并列成分
征服，战胜
There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.

对于英国有趣的历史文化，可学之处比比皆是。研究这个国家的历史将让你的参观更加愉快。
V-ing做主语
修饰比较级
The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. There are countless historic sites to explore, and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK.
首都伦敦是一个去开始（参观的）的很棒的地方，因为伦敦是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。这里有数不胜数的历史遗迹可供探寻，还有许多博物馆陈列着来自英国各地的文物。
as引导原因状语从句
that引导定语从句
无数的
现在分词短语作后置定语
不定式（to do)作后置定语
date back to追溯到……（具体时间点）=date from......=go back to...
通常用一般现在时，没有被动语态。
The city____(date) back to over 3,000 years ago.
The city, dating back to over 3,000 years ago, has a rich history.
The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions. If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
英国是一个历史与现代文化的迷人交融，新旧传统并存。如果留心去观察，你会惊讶的发现，你能看到英国的过去和现在。
留心观察
融合
that引导宾语从句
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