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广东省广州市2026年普通高中毕业班综合测试（二）英语
第一部分听力（略）
第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The Maya (玛雅人) were good at math. They counted in groups of 20, not 10. They wrote numbers in columns going up. The bottom row was the “1s” column, the next row up was 20s, then 400s, and so on. For digits, they used a dot for 1, a line for 5, and a shell shape to show zero. Numbers 1 to 19 were written with a combination of lines and dots.
The number 1209 (three 400s + no 20s + nine 1s) would look like this: A Maya village might keep a record of the pumpkins they harvested like this:
The Maya also kept three different calendars. The first divided the year into 18 months of 20 days each, plus a short month of 5 days. The short month was believed to be unlucky, a time when spirits walked.
The second calendar repeated every 260 days. This was used to plan celebrations and predict future. This calendar counted 13 months of 20 days each. Each date had its own set of 3 symbols (day, month, and year).
When talking about events long ago, they used a calendar called the “long count.” This covered about 5,125 years. Year 1 on this calendar was 3114 BCE on our calendar.
Each city and village had a calendar keeper, who was in charge of saying when to celebrate holidays and when to expect rain or plant crops. But farmers could probably also tell the time of the year from the sun and stars.
1. How many pumpkins did the Maya village harvest according to Figure 3
A. 114. B. 409. C. 414. D. 439.
2. What could the “long count” calendar be used for
A. Marking the unlucky days. B. Recording ancient events.
C. Dividing the year into 18 months. D. Predicting and making future plans.
3. Which learning project would this text be most suitable for
A. Design a travel plan to the Maya ruins
B. Write a report on the Maya agriculture
C. Give a presentation on Maya artistic symbols
D. Make a poster of Maya scientific achievements
B
When Mia Woods retired at 61, she knew she needed a plan. “I was worried about losing my identity as a professional. What else can I be ” she thought.
The year before, she had been told she had a mild memory problem. “I was trying to show myself that I could still think and be creative,” she says. So she decided to do — rather than be — something new: bake a pie every day for a year and give each pie away. “It made me reach out every day to somebody, so I wouldn’t be alone. And it gave me a routine,” she says.
She baked her first pie and gave it to her 88-year-old aunt, Carol. As a teenager, Mia had moved in with her aunt’s family when her mother became ill. “They gave me stability... It was the perfect first pie,” she says. She went on giving pies to former colleagues, grocery clerks, even a homeless man. As word spread, she got known as “the pie lady”.
For more than 30 years, Mia had worked as a city planner. “I’m a planner by nature, training and profession. What I really liked about it was that planning takes time, chaos, many different components, puts them all together and makes them into something manageable.” She sees the same in baking pies: “You take a bunch of ingredients and create something out of them.”
Twelve years on, Mia has continued to invent new projects, including writing a letter a day, and painting pictures of her local sky. She is writing a book about the pie experience. But she has learned more than baking. “What really came out of it was the understanding that I was someone who could do new things,” she reflects. “And my professional identity wasn’t critical to who I am.”
“Even now, after I have an encounter with somebody, I think: ‘There’s a person I wish I could give a pie to.’” says Mia.
4. What was Mia’s worry when she retired
A. Her serious mental problem. B. Her being cut off from others.
C. Having no identity beyond career. D. Having to change her daily routine.
5. Why did Mia give her first pie to her aunt
A. She had given Mia a home.
B. She had cared for Mia’s mum.
C. She was the oldest in the family.
D. She had built Mia’s stable character.
6. What do city planning and baking pies have in common according to Mia
A. Both require professional training. B. Both make sense of mixed elements.
C. Both create something out of nothing. D. Both connect people with one another.
7. What is Mia’s reflection on her experience
A. Everyone in the world deserves a pie.
B. New challenges redefine who we are.
C. Opening up to changes takes courage.
D. Simple acts can bring people together.
C
People might not realize that one basic life necessity has slipped from their control: meals. With the rise of online platforms, people enjoy the freedom to get anything quickly and at a reasonable price. However, food writer Chen Yuhui argues in her book Who Decides What to Eat that this convenience has robbed people of their autonomy over food, reflecting a greater loss of community life in a result-driven society that prioritizes efficiency.
“Many people don’t realize how often their dining choices are made for them,” Chen says. For instance, a boss’s request for overtime changes their dinner plans; or a restaurant discount offer influences where they eat. These, she explains, are passive choices.
Chen cites another common complaint: tomatoes that taste plain compared to childhood memories. This reveals a deeper loss — commercially dominant, hard-skinned varieties are “more fitting for long-distance transportation,” sacrificing flavor and the community life once built around fresh markets.
Chen also worries about the decline of people’s ability to choose food wisely. Young people buy ingredients online without market experience and may think plain food is just how it’s supposed to be. Chen further notes that online food images are “zombie-like” — they show lifeless food, unlike the fresh produce in markets, and this limits people’s imagination about food. However, when she shares tips on selecting fresh produce in markets, she often gets requests for shopping links instead.
Chen connects these attitudes to a broader mindset: “Buying groceries and cooking involve a certain level of acceptance of mistakes. Yet many today seem to have little patience with them.” The focus on results makes delivery appealing, as people believe it guarantees a better outcome.
Beyond the loss of autonomy, Chen sees something deeper in food — it’s a microcosm for understanding the world. “If you love tomatoes but find them plain, do you complain or invest effort to find flavorful ones Searching for the right variety shows different problem-solving abilities, which is what I mean by food being the smallest unit for understanding the world,” she concludes.
8. What does the first paragraph mainly introduce
A. Advances in food technology. B. The hidden cost of food convenience.
C. Changing habits of dining out. D. The popularity of online food shopping.
9. What does Chen mean by describing online food images as “zombie-like”
A. They look too perfect to be real.
B. They discourage interest in cooking.
C. They push people to order takeout.
D. They fail to show real and lively food.
10. What does people’s preference for delivery reveal
A. Their desire to avoid uncertainty.
B. Their over-reliance on technology.
C. Their view of cooking as a burden.
D. Their separation from food sources.
11. What message does the text want to convey
A. Returning to markets can restore food autonomy.
B. The loss of food flavor is unavoidable nowadays.
C. Online platforms have changed people’s lifestyle.
D. Our relationship with food mirrors our world view.
D
Chinese scientists have developed a new refrigeration method that solves a long-standing challenge in cooling technology. Published in Nature, the study responds to rising energy demands in applications ranging from food preservation to data center cooling.
Traditional vapor-compression systems consume vast amounts of electricity and rely on harmful refrigerants. In China, refrigeration accounts for nearly 20% of the nation’s electricity use and 7.8% of its carbon emissions (碳排放). While solid-state cooling avoids harmful gases, it suffers from poor heat transfer, limiting its real-world application.
Led by Professor Li Bing from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the research team overcame this by combining solid cooling effects with liquid flow. They used a common, non-toxic salt whose dissolution (溶解) in water absorbs large amounts of heat. Conversely, applying pressure causes the salt to come out and release heat. Cycling this pressure achieves continuous cooling.
“Unlike traditional solid methods, where heat moves slowly, our system integrates the refrigerant and heat-transfer medium into a single liquid,” Li said. “This solves the ‘impossible triangle’ — achieving low pollution, strong cooling, and fast heat transfer all at once.”
Lab tests showed a temperature drop of nearly 30°C in just 20 seconds at room temperature, and up to 54°C at higher temperatures — significantly outperforming existing solid coolers. A prototype cycle achieved a cooling capacity of 67 joules per gram with nearly 77% efficiency. The system also proved stable, reversible, and instantly responsive to pressure changes.
“This technology moves beyond traditional refrigeration principles,” Li added. “By turning the coolant into a fluid, it opens the door to high-performance, zero-emission cooling for homes and industry.”
He noted the method’s strong high-temperature performance makes it an ideal candidate for heat management in next-generation AI computing facilities. While engineering challenges remain, especially in achieving rapidly switchable pressure cycles, the principle could be adapted to other materials for diverse cooling needs.
12. What is the main problem with traditional solid-state cooling systems
A. They transfer heat poorly. B. They produce harmful gases.
C. They fail at high temperature. D. They use too much electricity.
13. What is the key innovation of the new cooling method
A. Using salt instead of chemical refrigerants.
B. Increasing pressure inside traditional systems.
C. Replacing pressure cycles with continuous flow.
D. Combining solid cooling with liquid heat transfer.
14. Why does the author mention the “impossible triangle” in the text
A. To highlight the value of the new system.
B. To illustrate the design of the new system.
C. To explain why old systems are still in use.
D. To show the limitations of previous systems.
15. What does Li Bing see as a promising application of the new technology
A. Preserving food in supply chains.
B. Replacing traditional home refrigerators.
C. Cooling future AI data centers.
D. Achieving rapidly switchable pressure cycles.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Confidence is infectious. Someone who speaks with total certainty is more likely to inspire than someone who is hesitant. ____16____ It found that more confident letters were associated with more successful commercial co-operations.
Confidence — even overconfidence — can also lead to higher status. In a 2012 study, MBA students were asked to take an online survey. The questionnaire asked them if they knew certain names, events and works of art. ____17____ At the end of the term, classmates rated the overly confident students — those who had picked the most fictional entries — as the most influential.
____18____ One study found that overconfident bosses were more likely to buy other companies. These purchases were also more likely to fail. Another paper looked at the link between CEOs’ confidence and their earning forecasts. Researchers found that bosses with too much self-belief were slower to adjust their forecasts when they were wrong. ____19____
This leads to two broad suggestions for managers to reflect on. First, overconfident people need clear rules. A newspaper found that puffed-up bosses at high-tech firms had a better record of making breakthrough innovations if they were watched by powerful and expert boards. Second, self-doubters need encouragement to fulfil their potential. ____20____ Studies showed that when people were reminded of their own power, they performed better in interviews and presentations. Confidence can be natural. It can also be stimulated.
A. They didn’t know that some of the choices were made up.
B. A study analysed the language used in letters from investors.
C. Simply put, overconfident bosses stayed wrong for a longer time.
D. Overconfident people tend to be promoted to leadership positions.
E. As much as confidence brings rewards, however, it also brings danger.
F. Therefore, experts suggest creating a more relaxing work environment.
G. This support can come from managers, advisors, or even from themselves.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Despite my successful career, performance anxiety has been my constant companion. It first struck during an exam at university. For thirty minutes, my mind went completely blank, unable to ____21____ a single word from the paper. Although I ____22____ recovered and achieved a decent result, the regret remained: what if I hadn’t ____23____
Years later, as a professional, I frequently gave ____24____. Usually, a few deep breaths would calm my nerves. However, one day, while heading to address students on how to improve learning efficiency, I ____25____ the subway exit. The mistake ____26____ me precious time, and I rushed into the hall just five minutes before the start.
Seeing the audience already ____27____, I felt a wave of terror washing over me. This time, the breathing technique ____28____. When I finally began to speak, my voice shook uncontrollably. In that ____29____ moment, I made a sudden decision. I admitted my fear to the students. Immediately, their eyes filled with ____30____ instead of judgment.
For the next ten minutes, I shared my story, explaining that everyone has weaknesses that may never be fully ____31____. I told them that no one is perfect, but ____32____ ourselves can make us better. The two-hour session ended with unexpected warmth. Later, a friend mentioned how ____33____ the students were to try the methods I shared. I explained that the success lay in my ____34____ interaction. Sometimes, what truly touches hearts is not a perfect speech, but the ____35____ to share our real selves.
21. A. take in B. bring up C. look for D. send out
22. A. actually B. eventually C. quickly D. suddenly
23. A. passed B. recovered C. panicked D. finished
24. A. advice B. feedback C. lectures D. performances
25. A. forgot B. found C. changed D. misjudged
26. A. cost B. won C. bought D. spared
27. A. bored B. seated C. chatting D. leaving
28. A. helped B. mattered C. responded D. failed
29. A. surprising B. desperate C. magical D. unforgettable
30. A. anger B. doubt C. curiosity D. sympathy
31. A. overcome B. forgiven C. understood D. neglected
32. A. behaving B. describing C. accepting D. loving
33. A. eager B. hesitant C. proud D. confused
34. A. meaningful B. inspiring C. casual D. honest
35. A. motivation B. courage C. technique D. determination
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Every spring, the 356-year-old kapok tree (木棉树) in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall flowers, capturing the hearts of locals. Known as ____36____ “Kapok King,” it is a miracle of nature, as these trees rarely survive ____37____ a century in the wild. Its long life is due to the constant care and attention from an expert team.
Led by Wang Yongyue, the team employs advanced technologies ____38____ (monitor) the tree’s health. They use CT scans to map roots up to seven or eight meters deep. “We also strike nails in the wood to create sound waves,” Wang explains. “If the wood ____39____ (be) hollow or decayed (腐烂的) inside, the speed of the sound changes. This helps us strengthen the tree ____40____ it’s too late.”
Since 2009, Wang has overseen quarterly check-ups, with a critical focus on managing harmful insects. Rather than relying on strong ____41____ (chemical), the team practices biological control. Bi Keke, a lab expert, describes releasing ____42____ (nature) enemies to hunt them. “It is a story of one ____43____ (beat) another in nature,” he notes, highlighting how this approach maintains ____44____ (ecology) balance.
To the citizens of Guangzhou, this tree is more than a plant; it is a beloved family member _____45_____ well-being connects the city’s past and future.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华。你的外国笔友 Mark 在邮件中说，学校摄影比赛中有幅作品因使用AI技术生成而被取消参评资格。请你回复邮件谈谈你对这一事件的看法及理由。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mark,
Thanks for sharing the disqualified photo case with me.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Last summer, we moved into a beautiful house where sunlight flooded the kitchen every morning. The only downside was the backyard: behind tall, messy bushes lay an old pond, dry and smelly. “Let’s bring it back to life!” I suggested. My parents smiled and agreed.
It became our family’s summer project. We cleaned out the mud and lined the edge with pretty stones. At the garden shop, I chose cattails and water lilies. “They float like little umbrellas,” Mum said. “Yes,” I replied proudly, “and they keep the water cool and clean.” Then came the best part: two tiny goldfish — Spotty and Sparkly.
I also asked about a pond heater. I’d read that if the pond froze solid in winter, the fish would run out of oxygen. They needed a small hole in the ice to breathe, which a heater could keep open. But they were sold out. As we left, I noticed a poster listing clever ideas to prevent ice from sealing (封住) the pond — for example, keeping the water moving, since flowing water doesn’t freeze easily. I thought we’d get a heater long before winter, so I didn’t think much of them.
Soon, baby fish appeared! Frogs and butterflies often visited too. Our pond felt like a living ecosystem.
Then one evening, the weather report warned of an early freeze — colder and sooner than usual. My stomach dropped. We still didn’t have a heater! Dad immediately ordered one online. “It’ll arrive before the ice forms,” he promised.
Early the next morning, I woke to a world covered in white. I threw on my coat and ran to the pond. It was frozen with clear ice — no open water! Yet I could still see the fish moving slowly beneath.
I rushed back inside. Dad had already called the delivery company, but they said it wouldn’t arrive today because of the icy roads. “The fish can only last half a day without fresh air!” I cried.
“Let’s think of something now,” Mum said.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
So we started brainstorming ideas together.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
By nine o’clock, we had built a simple device to keep a hole open in the ice.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案版
广东省广州市2026年普通高中毕业班综合测试（二）英语
第一部分听力（略）
第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The Maya (玛雅人) were good at math. They counted in groups of 20, not 10. They wrote numbers in columns going up. The bottom row was the “1s” column, the next row up was 20s, then 400s, and so on. For digits, they used a dot for 1, a line for 5, and a shell shape to show zero. Numbers 1 to 19 were written with a combination of lines and dots.
The number 1209 (three 400s + no 20s + nine 1s) would look like this: A Maya village might keep a record of the pumpkins they harvested like this:
The Maya also kept three different calendars. The first divided the year into 18 months of 20 days each, plus a short month of 5 days. The short month was believed to be unlucky, a time when spirits walked.
The second calendar repeated every 260 days. This was used to plan celebrations and predict future. This calendar counted 13 months of 20 days each. Each date had its own set of 3 symbols (day, month, and year).
When talking about events long ago, they used a calendar called the “long count.” This covered about 5,125 years. Year 1 on this calendar was 3114 BCE on our calendar.
Each city and village had a calendar keeper, who was in charge of saying when to celebrate holidays and when to expect rain or plant crops. But farmers could probably also tell the time of the year from the sun and stars.
1. How many pumpkins did the Maya village harvest according to Figure 3
A. 114. B. 409. C. 414. D. 439.
2. What could the “long count” calendar be used for
A. Marking the unlucky days. B. Recording ancient events.
C. Dividing the year into 18 months. D. Predicting and making future plans.
3. Which learning project would this text be most suitable for
A. Design a travel plan to the Maya ruins
B. Write a report on the Maya agriculture
C. Give a presentation on Maya artistic symbols
D. Make a poster of Maya scientific achievements
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D
B
When Mia Woods retired at 61, she knew she needed a plan. “I was worried about losing my identity as a professional. What else can I be ” she thought.
The year before, she had been told she had a mild memory problem. “I was trying to show myself that I could still think and be creative,” she says. So she decided to do — rather than be — something new: bake a pie every day for a year and give each pie away. “It made me reach out every day to somebody, so I wouldn’t be alone. And it gave me a routine,” she says.
She baked her first pie and gave it to her 88-year-old aunt, Carol. As a teenager, Mia had moved in with her aunt’s family when her mother became ill. “They gave me stability... It was the perfect first pie,” she says. She went on giving pies to former colleagues, grocery clerks, even a homeless man. As word spread, she got known as “the pie lady”.
For more than 30 years, Mia had worked as a city planner. “I’m a planner by nature, training and profession. What I really liked about it was that planning takes time, chaos, many different components, puts them all together and makes them into something manageable.” She sees the same in baking pies: “You take a bunch of ingredients and create something out of them.”
Twelve years on, Mia has continued to invent new projects, including writing a letter a day, and painting pictures of her local sky. She is writing a book about the pie experience. But she has learned more than baking. “What really came out of it was the understanding that I was someone who could do new things,” she reflects. “And my professional identity wasn’t critical to who I am.”
“Even now, after I have an encounter with somebody, I think: ‘There’s a person I wish I could give a pie to.’” says Mia.
4. What was Mia’s worry when she retired
A. Her serious mental problem. B. Her being cut off from others.
C. Having no identity beyond career. D. Having to change her daily routine.
5. Why did Mia give her first pie to her aunt
A. She had given Mia a home.
B. She had cared for Mia’s mum.
C. She was the oldest in the family.
D. She had built Mia’s stable character.
6. What do city planning and baking pies have in common according to Mia
A. Both require professional training. B. Both make sense of mixed elements.
C. Both create something out of nothing. D. Both connect people with one another.
7. What is Mia’s reflection on her experience
A. Everyone in the world deserves a pie.
B. New challenges redefine who we are.
C. Opening up to changes takes courage.
D. Simple acts can bring people together.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. B
C
People might not realize that one basic life necessity has slipped from their control: meals. With the rise of online platforms, people enjoy the freedom to get anything quickly and at a reasonable price. However, food writer Chen Yuhui argues in her book Who Decides What to Eat that this convenience has robbed people of their autonomy over food, reflecting a greater loss of community life in a result-driven society that prioritizes efficiency.
“Many people don’t realize how often their dining choices are made for them,” Chen says. For instance, a boss’s request for overtime changes their dinner plans; or a restaurant discount offer influences where they eat. These, she explains, are passive choices.
Chen cites another common complaint: tomatoes that taste plain compared to childhood memories. This reveals a deeper loss — commercially dominant, hard-skinned varieties are “more fitting for long-distance transportation,” sacrificing flavor and the community life once built around fresh markets.
Chen also worries about the decline of people’s ability to choose food wisely. Young people buy ingredients online without market experience and may think plain food is just how it’s supposed to be. Chen further notes that online food images are “zombie-like” — they show lifeless food, unlike the fresh produce in markets, and this limits people’s imagination about food. However, when she shares tips on selecting fresh produce in markets, she often gets requests for shopping links instead.
Chen connects these attitudes to a broader mindset: “Buying groceries and cooking involve a certain level of acceptance of mistakes. Yet many today seem to have little patience with them.” The focus on results makes delivery appealing, as people believe it guarantees a better outcome.
Beyond the loss of autonomy, Chen sees something deeper in food — it’s a microcosm for understanding the world. “If you love tomatoes but find them plain, do you complain or invest effort to find flavorful ones Searching for the right variety shows different problem-solving abilities, which is what I mean by food being the smallest unit for understanding the world,” she concludes.
8. What does the first paragraph mainly introduce
A. Advances in food technology. B. The hidden cost of food convenience.
C. Changing habits of dining out. D. The popularity of online food shopping.
9. What does Chen mean by describing online food images as “zombie-like”
A. They look too perfect to be real.
B. They discourage interest in cooking.
C. They push people to order takeout.
D. They fail to show real and lively food.
10. What does people’s preference for delivery reveal
A. Their desire to avoid uncertainty.
B. Their over-reliance on technology.
C. Their view of cooking as a burden.
D. Their separation from food sources.
11. What message does the text want to convey
A. Returning to markets can restore food autonomy.
B. The loss of food flavor is unavoidable nowadays.
C. Online platforms have changed people’s lifestyle.
D. Our relationship with food mirrors our world view.
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. A 11. D
D
Chinese scientists have developed a new refrigeration method that solves a long-standing challenge in cooling technology. Published in Nature, the study responds to rising energy demands in applications ranging from food preservation to data center cooling.
Traditional vapor-compression systems consume vast amounts of electricity and rely on harmful refrigerants. In China, refrigeration accounts for nearly 20% of the nation’s electricity use and 7.8% of its carbon emissions (碳排放). While solid-state cooling avoids harmful gases, it suffers from poor heat transfer, limiting its real-world application.
Led by Professor Li Bing from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the research team overcame this by combining solid cooling effects with liquid flow. They used a common, non-toxic salt whose dissolution (溶解) in water absorbs large amounts of heat. Conversely, applying pressure causes the salt to come out and release heat. Cycling this pressure achieves continuous cooling.
“Unlike traditional solid methods, where heat moves slowly, our system integrates the refrigerant and heat-transfer medium into a single liquid,” Li said. “This solves the ‘impossible triangle’ — achieving low pollution, strong cooling, and fast heat transfer all at once.”
Lab tests showed a temperature drop of nearly 30°C in just 20 seconds at room temperature, and up to 54°C at higher temperatures — significantly outperforming existing solid coolers. A prototype cycle achieved a cooling capacity of 67 joules per gram with nearly 77% efficiency. The system also proved stable, reversible, and instantly responsive to pressure changes.
“This technology moves beyond traditional refrigeration principles,” Li added. “By turning the coolant into a fluid, it opens the door to high-performance, zero-emission cooling for homes and industry.”
He noted the method’s strong high-temperature performance makes it an ideal candidate for heat management in next-generation AI computing facilities. While engineering challenges remain, especially in achieving rapidly switchable pressure cycles, the principle could be adapted to other materials for diverse cooling needs.
12. What is the main problem with traditional solid-state cooling systems
A. They transfer heat poorly. B. They produce harmful gases.
C. They fail at high temperature. D. They use too much electricity.
13. What is the key innovation of the new cooling method
A. Using salt instead of chemical refrigerants.
B. Increasing pressure inside traditional systems.
C. Replacing pressure cycles with continuous flow.
D. Combining solid cooling with liquid heat transfer.
14. Why does the author mention the “impossible triangle” in the text
A. To highlight the value of the new system.
B. To illustrate the design of the new system.
C. To explain why old systems are still in use.
D. To show the limitations of previous systems.
15. What does Li Bing see as a promising application of the new technology
A. Preserving food in supply chains.
B. Replacing traditional home refrigerators.
C. Cooling future AI data centers.
D. Achieving rapidly switchable pressure cycles.
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. A 15. C
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Confidence is infectious. Someone who speaks with total certainty is more likely to inspire than someone who is hesitant. ____16____ It found that more confident letters were associated with more successful commercial co-operations.
Confidence — even overconfidence — can also lead to higher status. In a 2012 study, MBA students were asked to take an online survey. The questionnaire asked them if they knew certain names, events and works of art. ____17____ At the end of the term, classmates rated the overly confident students — those who had picked the most fictional entries — as the most influential.
____18____ One study found that overconfident bosses were more likely to buy other companies. These purchases were also more likely to fail. Another paper looked at the link between CEOs’ confidence and their earning forecasts. Researchers found that bosses with too much self-belief were slower to adjust their forecasts when they were wrong. ____19____
This leads to two broad suggestions for managers to reflect on. First, overconfident people need clear rules. A newspaper found that puffed-up bosses at high-tech firms had a better record of making breakthrough innovations if they were watched by powerful and expert boards. Second, self-doubters need encouragement to fulfil their potential. ____20____ Studies showed that when people were reminded of their own power, they performed better in interviews and presentations. Confidence can be natural. It can also be stimulated.
A. They didn’t know that some of the choices were made up.
B. A study analysed the language used in letters from investors.
C. Simply put, overconfident bosses stayed wrong for a longer time.
D. Overconfident people tend to be promoted to leadership positions.
E. As much as confidence brings rewards, however, it also brings danger.
F. Therefore, experts suggest creating a more relaxing work environment.
G. This support can come from managers, advisors, or even from themselves.
【答案】16. B 17. A 18. E 19. C 20. G
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Despite my successful career, performance anxiety has been my constant companion. It first struck during an exam at university. For thirty minutes, my mind went completely blank, unable to ____21____ a single word from the paper. Although I ____22____ recovered and achieved a decent result, the regret remained: what if I hadn’t ____23____
Years later, as a professional, I frequently gave ____24____. Usually, a few deep breaths would calm my nerves. However, one day, while heading to address students on how to improve learning efficiency, I ____25____ the subway exit. The mistake ____26____ me precious time, and I rushed into the hall just five minutes before the start.
Seeing the audience already ____27____, I felt a wave of terror washing over me. This time, the breathing technique ____28____. When I finally began to speak, my voice shook uncontrollably. In that ____29____ moment, I made a sudden decision. I admitted my fear to the students. Immediately, their eyes filled with ____30____ instead of judgment.
For the next ten minutes, I shared my story, explaining that everyone has weaknesses that may never be fully ____31____. I told them that no one is perfect, but ____32____ ourselves can make us better. The two-hour session ended with unexpected warmth. Later, a friend mentioned how ____33____ the students were to try the methods I shared. I explained that the success lay in my ____34____ interaction. Sometimes, what truly touches hearts is not a perfect speech, but the ____35____ to share our real selves.
21. A. take in B. bring up C. look for D. send out
22. A. actually B. eventually C. quickly D. suddenly
23. A. passed B. recovered C. panicked D. finished
24. A. advice B. feedback C. lectures D. performances
25. A. forgot B. found C. changed D. misjudged
26. A. cost B. won C. bought D. spared
27. A. bored B. seated C. chatting D. leaving
28. A. helped B. mattered C. responded D. failed
29. A. surprising B. desperate C. magical D. unforgettable
30. A. anger B. doubt C. curiosity D. sympathy
31. A. overcome B. forgiven C. understood D. neglected
32. A. behaving B. describing C. accepting D. loving
33. A. eager B. hesitant C. proud D. confused
34. A. meaningful B. inspiring C. casual D. honest
35. A. motivation B. courage C. technique D. determination
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. D 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. B
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Every spring, the 356-year-old kapok tree (木棉树) in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall flowers, capturing the hearts of locals. Known as ____36____ “Kapok King,” it is a miracle of nature, as these trees rarely survive ____37____ a century in the wild. Its long life is due to the constant care and attention from an expert team.
Led by Wang Yongyue, the team employs advanced technologies ____38____ (monitor) the tree’s health. They use CT scans to map roots up to seven or eight meters deep. “We also strike nails in the wood to create sound waves,” Wang explains. “If the wood ____39____ (be) hollow or decayed (腐烂的) inside, the speed of the sound changes. This helps us strengthen the tree ____40____ it’s too late.”
Since 2009, Wang has overseen quarterly check-ups, with a critical focus on managing harmful insects. Rather than relying on strong ____41____ (chemical), the team practices biological control. Bi Keke, a lab expert, describes releasing ____42____ (nature) enemies to hunt them. “It is a story of one ____43____ (beat) another in nature,” he notes, highlighting how this approach maintains ____44____ (ecology) balance.
To the citizens of Guangzhou, this tree is more than a plant; it is a beloved family member _____45_____ well-being connects the city’s past and future.
【答案】36. the 37. beyond 38. to monitor 39. is 40. before 41. chemicals 42. natural 43. beating 44. ecological 45. whose
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华。你的外国笔友 Mark 在邮件中说，学校摄影比赛中有幅作品因使用AI技术生成而被取消参评资格。请你回复邮件谈谈你对这一事件的看法及理由。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mark,
Thanks for sharing the disqualified photo case with me.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Mark,
Thanks for sharing the disqualified photo case with me. In my view, disqualifying the AI-generated photo is both reasonable and necessary.
Photography, as an art form, embodies the photographer’s painstaking efforts in composition, lighting adjustment, and on-site shooting, capturing the essence of a real-world moment. AI-generated images, despite their visual appeal, lack the human touch, the emotional resonance, and the genuine creative process that traditional photography offers.
Allowing such works in a competition would undermine the hard work of sincere participants and distort the very nature of the contest. Thus, this decision upholds the fairness and integrity of the photography competition.
Best wishes,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Last summer, we moved into a beautiful house where sunlight flooded the kitchen every morning. The only downside was the backyard: behind tall, messy bushes lay an old pond, dry and smelly. “Let’s bring it back to life!” I suggested. My parents smiled and agreed.
It became our family’s summer project. We cleaned out the mud and lined the edge with pretty stones. At the garden shop, I chose cattails and water lilies. “They float like little umbrellas,” Mum said. “Yes,” I replied proudly, “and they keep the water cool and clean.” Then came the best part: two tiny goldfish — Spotty and Sparkly.
I also asked about a pond heater. I’d read that if the pond froze solid in winter, the fish would run out of oxygen. They needed a small hole in the ice to breathe, which a heater could keep open. But they were sold out. As we left, I noticed a poster listing clever ideas to prevent ice from sealing (封住) the pond — for example, keeping the water moving, since flowing water doesn’t freeze easily. I thought we’d get a heater long before winter, so I didn’t think much of them.
Soon, baby fish appeared! Frogs and butterflies often visited too. Our pond felt like a living ecosystem.
Then one evening, the weather report warned of an early freeze — colder and sooner than usual. My stomach dropped. We still didn’t have a heater! Dad immediately ordered one online. “It’ll arrive before the ice forms,” he promised.
Early the next morning, I woke to a world covered in white. I threw on my coat and ran to the pond. It was frozen with clear ice — no open water! Yet I could still see the fish moving slowly beneath.
I rushed back inside. Dad had already called the delivery company, but they said it wouldn’t arrive today because of the icy roads. “The fish can only last half a day without fresh air!” I cried.
“Let’s think of something now,” Mum said.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
So we started brainstorming ideas together.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
By nine o’clock, we had built a simple device to keep a hole open in the ice.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
So we started brainstorming ideas together. Dad remembered the poster I’d seen at the garden shop. “Flowing water doesn’t freeze easily,” he said. “But how can we make the water flow ” I wondered. Mum looked around the garage and found an old fountain pump. “Maybe this can work,” she said. We quickly connected the pump to a long tube and placed it in the pond. But when we turned it on, nothing happened. The pump was too old and broken. Just as we were about to give up, I had an idea. “What if we use a stick to break the ice and keep the water moving by hand ”
By nine o’clock, we had built a simple device to keep a hole open in the ice. I tied a long stick to a small plank, creating a kind of paddle. Dad and I took turns gently pushing the plank through the ice-covered water. Mum monitored the fish, making sure they were okay. Every few minutes, we chipped away at the ice around the edges of the hole we’d created. As the day went on, the hole stayed open, and the fish seemed to be breathing easier. When the heater finally arrived the next day, we installed it right away. But that day of working together to save our fish was a memory I’d always cherish.

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